JP2011211932A - Culture soil including psi treated generated soil - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a new means for using PSI (polysilicate-iron) treated generated soil for agriculture.SOLUTION: Culture soil including generated soil generated by coagulating sedimentation treatment of water-to-be-treated by polysilicate-iron is provided. The culture soil is producible at a low cost using the PSI treated generated soil generated in large quantities by water treatment such as water purification treatment. The PSI treated generated soil is applicable also to paddy rice seedlings requiring to avoid pH increase, owing to including almost no alkalinity and low pH. The PSI treated generated soil has immediate effectivity equal to silica gel so as to be effectively usable as a silicic acid nutrient of a paddy rice seedling growing period and each kind of plants.

Description

  The present invention relates to a cultivated soil containing a generated soil generated by precipitation aggregation treatment of water to be treated with polysilica iron (PSI), a method for producing the cultivated soil, and a method for cultivating a plant using the generated soil.

  It has long been known that the application of silicic acid contributes to the healthy growth of paddy rice. The factors include improvement in photoreceptor posture by uprighting of leaves, suppression of excessive transpiration due to decrease in stomatal opening, and improvement in photosynthetic efficiency by suppressing decrease in chlorophyll content. In addition, it is known that the occurrence of important diseases such as rice blast is suppressed by increasing the silicic acid content of rice (Non-Patent Documents 6 and 13).

  The effect of silicic acid as described above is the same at the seedling raising stage. Improvement of seedling quality by increasing the silicic acid content of rice seedlings (Non-patent Documents 1, 10, and 11) and thereby improvement of initial growth after transplantation. (Non-Patent Document 1) and the suppression of the occurrence of seedling blast disease occurring in the seedling raising stage (Non-Patent Documents 2 and 8) have been reported.

  The effect of silicic acid has been confirmed not only in paddy rice but also in horticultural crops. Tanaka et al. (2004) reported that by applying silicic acid to horticultural soil, the silicic acid content of cucumber seedlings was increased, and as a result, the occurrence of powdery mildew that frequently occurs in cucumber was suppressed (Non-patent Document 14). . The silicic acid application effect to the strawberry seedling is also reported (nonpatent literature 7, 12).

  The silicic acid content of rice seedlings is influenced by the available silicic acid content of the seedling culture soil (Non-Patent Documents 4 and 9). That is, when the soil whose base material is volcanic ash soil is used as cultivation soil, the silicic acid content of rice seedlings tends to increase. However, when using soil with low available silicic acid content as a soil, the silicic acid content of rice seedlings is often low, and application effects of silicic acid materials are expected. Currently, various silicate materials are in circulation, but since many silicate materials contain a large amount of alkali, they raise the pH of the seedling culture soil. Appropriate pH of the culture medium is 4.5 to 5.5, and if the pH rises more than this, there is concern about the occurrence of mussel seedlings and blight. As a silicic acid material that does not increase the pH of the culture medium, silica gel is a typical material and is widely used as a fertilizer that can be applied to a seedling box (Non-patent Document 1, Patent Document 1). However, in addition to being originally expensive, silica gel has become a more expensive material due to the recent increase in fertilizer prices. On the other hand, Saegusa et al. (2003) produced low-cost seedling boxes with sulfuric acid treatment and acidification (pH 5.2) of porous calcium silicate (pH 10.1), a waste material produced in large quantities from lightweight wall materials. An applicable silicic acid material was developed (Non-patent Document 11). There is a further need for such low cost silicic acid materials.

  Polysilicato-Iron (hereinafter referred to as PSI) was recently developed as a flocculant for removing fine impurities contained in river water, lake water, and other water supply by coagulation sedimentation. Ferric chloride And polymerized silicic acid as a main component (Patent Documents 2 and 3). In the past, polyaluminum chloride was mainly used as a flocculant in water purification plants, but the landfill treatment ratio is high because there are few utilization scenes of the purified water generated when raw water is treated with such a flocculant, The burden on the water treatment plant is increasing.

  On the other hand, silicic acid contained in the soil generated by PSI treatment is expected to improve the growth of rice as described above. Horikawa et al. (2007) reported that when PSI-treated soil was applied to paddy Honda, the amount of silicic acid absorbed by paddy rice increased and the yield increased (Non-patent Document 5). This non-patent document 5 describes that about half of the total Si in the PSI treatment-generated soil is water-soluble Si. However, in Non-Patent Document 5, Si that is eluted in water under the condition of being immersed in water for a long period of time at 30 ° C. for 8 weeks is water-soluble Si. Non-Patent Document 5 does not disclose the usefulness of the PSI-treated soil as an immediate effect Si supply source.

JP 2006-232666 Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 2001-70708 JP 2005-34746 A

Hiroshi Fujii, Go Hayasaka, Katsutoshi Yokoyama, Yutaka Ando 1999. Effect of silica gel seedling box application on rice seedling survival and initial growth. Toi magazine, 70, 785-790. Tsuyoshi Hayasaka, Hiroshi Fujii, Yutaka Ando, Tsuneo Ikui 2000. Disease control by rice seedling silicate material silica gel nursery soil mixing. Nikkatsu disease report, 66, 18-22. Go Hayasaka and Hiroshi Fujii 2004. Effect of rice silicic acid content on resistance to blast at rice seedling stage. Yamagata Agricultural Research Bulletin, 37, 45-51. Hironori Hirauchi and Masahiko Saegusa2006. The amount of available silicon and the application effect of silicic acid materials for rice seedling culture. Toi, 77, 41-46. Takumi Horikawa, Toyoaki Ito, Takao Hasegawa, Satoshi Masuda, Tadao Arai, Masahiko Saegusa2007. Properties of polysilica iron flocculant (PSI) water purification cake and its effect on rice growth and methane emission. Toi magazine, 78, 261-267. Hiroshi Ishida and Michio Shiraishi 1971. Application of silica and control of blast. Agriculture and horticulture, 46, 779-783. Takeshi Kamigami, Yasuyuki Nagata, Akihiro Miyoshi 1997. Effect of potassium silicate application on strawberry powdery mildew in hydroponics. Journal of the Japanese Society for Plant Pathology, 63, 521. Kazumasa Maekawa, Kazuhiko Watanabe, Kimitaka Aino, Yutaka Iwamoto 2001. Suppression of rice blast during the seedling stage by applying various silicate materials. Toi, 72, 56-62. Niitsu Seiichi and Kubo Shozo 2002. Effect of silica gel fertilizer application on seedling culture for paddy rice with different amount of available silicic acid. Summary of Toi, 48, 213. Masahiko Saegusa, Hiroki Hirauchi, Junichi Shibuya, Hitoshi Okazaki, Kazuo Yoshida 2002. The silicic acid supply capacity of the seedling culture and the application effect of silica gel. Toi magazine, 73, 291-292. Masahiko Saegusa, Hironori Hirauchi, Junichi Shibuya, Hitoshi Okazaki, Kazuo Yoshida 2003. Effects of acidified porous calcium silicate hydrate application on the growth and nutrient absorption of rice seedlings. Toi magazine, 74, 333-337. Eiichi Takahashi, 1987. Search for the individuality of silicic and lime plants and crops. P137-150, Nobunbunkyo, Tokyo. Toru Takeuchi 1997. Relationship between rice nitrogen and silicate nutrition and blast resistance. Northern Japan Insect Research Report, 48.23-26. Tatsuya Tanaka, Makoto Fuji, Seiichi Niizuma, Shozo Kubo, Hiroshi Morikuni 2004. Suppression of powdery mildew by silicic acid application to grafted cucumber seedlings. Summary of Toi, 50, 141.

  Accordingly, the present invention is to provide a novel means for agriculturally utilizing the PSI-treated soil.

  As a result of diligent research, the inventors of the present application have found that application of the PSI-treated soil is effective even during the rice seedling raising stage where immediate-effect silicate nutrition is required. The present invention was completed by finding that it is also useful as a source and can be effectively utilized as a silicate nutrient source for various plants.

  That is, this invention provides the culture soil containing the generated soil produced by the coagulation sedimentation process of the to-be-processed water by polysilica iron. Moreover, this invention provides the manufacturing method of culture soil including grind | pulverizing the generated soil produced by the coagulation sedimentation processing of the to-be-processed water by polysilica iron, and making it mix in culture medium. Furthermore, this invention provides the cultivation method of a plant including applying the generated soil produced by the coagulation sedimentation process of the to-be-processed water by polysilica iron to a plant.

  According to the present invention, a means for effectively utilizing the PSI-treated soil as a silicate nutrient source of a plant is provided. The PSI-treated soil contains almost no alkali and its pH is low, so it can be applied to rice seedlings that need to avoid an increase in pH. Silica gel is widely used as a silicic acid material that does not increase the pH of the culture medium, but silica gel is an expensive material. On the other hand, the soil of the present invention can be produced at low cost by using the PSI treated soil that is generated in large quantities by water treatment such as water purification treatment. Furthermore, as described in the examples below, the PSI treated soil has an immediate effect comparable to silica gel as a silicate nutrient source. ADVANTAGE OF THE INVENTION According to this invention, while having the immediate effect equivalent to a silica gel, it can provide the supply means of a silicic acid nutrient which does not raise the pH of culture soil and soil at low cost, and also the purified water generation soil which generate | occur | produces in large quantities at a water purification plant. Can be used effectively and contribute greatly to agriculture and environmental conservation.

It is a figure which shows the silicic acid content of the above-ground part (left) and underground part (right) of the rice seedling of each process area. Significant differences between different alphabets (Tukey method, p <0.05). It is a figure which shows the absorption amount of the silicic acid derived from materials (calculated absorption amount of material application area-silicic acid absorption amount of non-material area).

  In the present invention, in water treatment such as water purification treatment, generated soil (hereinafter referred to as “PSI generated soil” or “PSI generated soil”) generated by coagulation sedimentation treatment of water to be treated using polysilica iron (PSI) is used. . The generated soil refers to a material in which fine impurities (contaminants) such as soil particles existing in the water to be treated are aggregated and precipitated by the coagulant treatment. The generated soil may not contain soil particles depending on the type of water to be treated, but such generated soil can also be used, and is not limited to those containing a large amount of soil particles. PSI is a well-known flocculant developed by Suido Kiko Co., Ltd. (Patent Documents 2 and 3), and is mainly composed of ferric chloride and polymerized silicic acid. Since PSI has already been put into practical use and is being introduced to water treatment plants, the soil where PSI treatment is generated can be easily obtained from water treatment plants that use PSI. Several types of PSI are commercially available depending on the content of polymerized silicic acid, but any of these may be used. PSI itself can be used in the process of agglomeration and precipitation of water to be treated not only for water purification but also for water treatment such as industrial water treatment, sewage treatment, and wastewater treatment. Accordingly, the PSI-treated soil used in the present invention broadly encompasses the soil generated by these various water treatments. Specific examples include, but are not limited to, the generated soil from wastewater treatment at paper mills and food factories, and the generated soil from water purification at water purification plants. The generated generated soil (purified water generated soil) can be preferably used.

  PSI-generated soil is used after being pulverized to a particle size suitable for mixing dry soil with soil or soil. The generated soil may be air-dried until it becomes a lump, and then pulverized with a pulverizer or the like. Since the purified water generation soil obtained from the water purification plant is often in the form of a so-called water purification cake that has been dehydrated, when the PSI generation soil is obtained in the form of a purified water cake, it is not necessary to dry the generated soil again, as it is. It can be used after pulverization. The PSI generated soil after pulverization may be mixed with the soil or soil as it is, or may be granulated by a known method alone or mixed with other soil components (raw soil, fertilizer, etc.). .

  The PSI-generated soil contains a large amount of iron and silicic acid. In the present invention, the PSI-generated soil is used as a silicate material. Therefore, when producing the soil of the present invention, it is not necessary to add a silicic acid supply source other than the PSI-generating soil. Other components may be basically the same as those of known soil, and are not particularly limited. Since the PSI-generated soil is considered to increase the solubility of Si at low pH, it can be increased immediately by adding it to the soil with a low pH (for example, about 3.5 to 6.5). It is thought that it contributes to sex. The content of the PSI-generated soil in the culture is not particularly limited, but is usually about 1 to 999 g, for example, about 25 to 250 g in dry weight per 1 kg of the culture.

  The culture medium of the present invention can be preferably used as a horticultural culture medium or a paddy rice seedling culture medium. At the time of use, the soil of the present invention may be used as it is, or may be appropriately mixed with other soil and fertilizer. If it is applied to a plant such that the amount of PSI generated soil (dry weight) is about 1 g to 999 g, for example, about 25 g to 250 g, per 1 kg of the soil, preferable silicic acid nutrition can be supplied to the plant. When applied to fields other than paddy field, such as horticultural crop fields, the amount of PSI generated soil (dry weight) may be about 0.01 to 10 t, for example, about 0.1 to 2 t per field 10a.

  As described in Non-Patent Document 5, the PSI-generated soil can be applied to Honda to improve silicic acid nutrition in the late stage of rice cultivation (2 months after transplanting). As found, it can be used in the seedling period that requires immediate silicate nutrition and needs to avoid an increase in pH. The proper pH of paddy rice seedling culture is 4.5 to 5.5, and if it rises above this level, there is a risk that mussel seedlings or stand-by disease will occur. The pH of the PSI-generated soil itself is about 5.2. In the following examples, it has been confirmed that the pH of the soil after seedling using the PSI-generated soil is an appropriate value. In addition, as described in the examples below, the PSI-generated soil has improved the silicic acid nutrition of the rice seedlings even after just 3 weeks of application to the rice seedlings, and has been confirmed to have immediate effects comparable to silica gel. .

  Furthermore, as described in Non-Patent Documents 7, 12, and 14, it is known that improvement of silicic acid nutrition is effective for improving growth and suppressing the occurrence of diseases even in horticultural crops such as cucumbers and strawberries. Therefore, the PSI-generated soil is useful as a silicate source for various horticultural crops, and can preferably supply silicate nutrients to not only paddy rice seedlings but also various horticultural crops.

  Hereinafter, the present invention will be described more specifically based on examples. However, the present invention is not limited to the following examples.

1. Materials and methods 1) Seedling test A commercially available granular soil (with fertilizer) was used for the seedling culture. The amount of soil was 2800 g / box. PSI-generated soil was air-dried and then crushed (<500μm) and applied to 100g of seedling boxes (PSI 100 Ward). The PSI used had an iron: silicate molar ratio of 4: 1 or 1: 0.25. In addition, 50 g and 100 g of silica gel fertilizer were applied per seedling box as targets (SG 50 ward, SG 100 ward) and no material ward. Table 1 shows the characteristics of each material, and Table 2 gives an overview of the treatment areas. After mixing each material into the cultivation soil, 2/3 of the whole was used as floor soil and 1/3 was used as covering soil. Kinuhikari (Oryza sativa L. cv. Kinuhikari) is used as the rice cultivar, and 180g is sown on the buds per box on May 13, 2009, and then the warmed budding (30 ° C, 2 days) is carried out. Raised seedlings in a glass greenhouse in the federation's agricultural and technical center for 20 days. The test was performed in duplicate.

2) Investigation / analysis method Plant height, leaf age, and leaf color (SPAD value) of seedlings (20 individuals) after raising were measured. In addition, about 200 individuals were collected, and the dry weight of the above-ground part and the underground part was obtained. Furthermore, the nutrient content of the above-ground part and the underground part was calculated | required. The nitrogen content was determined with an NC analyzer (Smigraph NC-900, Sumika Chemical Analysis Center). Dry ashing-hydrochloric acid extract is analyzed by ICP (730-ES, Varian) emission spectrometry and contains phosphoric acid, base (potassium, calcium, magnesium, sodium) and trace elements (iron, zinc, copper, manganese) The rate was determined. Silicic acid was quantified by gravimetric method after dry ashing, hydrochloric acid extraction washing and reashing.

2. Results and Discussion 1) Seedling quality survey Table 3 shows the results of the seedling quality survey. The plots treated with the material tended to have higher dry matter weight (aboveground / underground), plant height and leaf age than the untreated plots. The leaf color value (SPAD value) and leaf age were significantly higher in the PSI100 group than in the untreated group.

2) Nutrient content of paddy rice seedlings (other than silicic acid)
Tables 4 and 5 show the nutrient contents of the above-ground and underground parts of rice seedlings, respectively. The phosphoric acid content of the above-ground part was significantly lower in the PSI100 district than in the other districts. However, the decrease in phosphate content in PSI 100 was not a problem level. In addition, excess manganese is often a problem in agricultural use of purified water generation soil. In this test, the above-ground manganese content of PSI100 was the same as that of no material, and no problem was found. In the subsurface area, the iron content was very high in PSI100, probably because the iron adhering to the root surface was counted in addition to the iron absorbed by the root. Since iron also has a role to keep the rhizosphere oxidatively in paddy fields, it is considered that high content of iron by PSI application also has some effect.

3) Silica content of rice seedlings Fig. 1 shows the silicic acid contents of the above-ground and underground parts of rice seedlings. The amount of material-derived silicic acid absorbed is shown in FIG. The above-ground silicic acid content was 3.0% in the material-free zone, whereas it was 4.9, 5.7 and 7.5% in the PSI100, SG50 and SG100 zones, respectively. Although the silicic acid application rate (18.3gSiO ₂ / box) to the soil of PSI100 zone was less than half of SG50 zone (45gSiO ₂ / box), the above-ground silicic acid absorption amount derived from the material of PSI100 zone Reached about 70% of SG50 (Fig. 2). This indicates that the silicic acid supply capacity of the PSI-producing soil is high. In the test of Horikawa et al. (2007), the application rate of PSI (dry) was 150 to 2000 gm ^-2 , which is 0.12 to 16 g when converted to 1 kg of soil. On the other hand, in this test, it was 35.7 g per 1 kg of soil (cultured soil), which was applied in a larger amount than when applied to Honda. When PSI is applied to Honda, the limit of 2000 gm ^-2 (2t 10a ^-1 ) seems to be the limit because of avoidance of excessive harm and efficiency of application work, but at least 35.7 gkg ^-1 ( Application in the 100g box- ¹ ) range is possible, and silicic acid can be efficiently supplied to rice seedlings.

  Hayasaka et al. (2004) reported that the occurrence of blast was remarkably suppressed when the silicic acid content of paddy rice seedlings exceeded 5%. In this study, the above-ground silicic acid content of PSI100 was almost close to this value. It would be possible to increase the silicic acid content of rice seedlings by increasing the application rate.

4) Physicochemical properties of seedling culture soil Table 6 shows the physicochemical properties of the seedling culture material after seedling. The pH was in the range of 4.3 to 4.6 and was an appropriate value. The available phosphate content was low in PSI 100, which was consistent with the low phosphate content of paddy rice seedlings.

Claims (9)

  A soil containing the soil generated by the coagulation sedimentation treatment of water to be treated with polysilica iron.   The cultivated soil according to claim 1, wherein the generated soil is purified water generated in a coagulation sedimentation process in purified water treatment.   The soil according to claim 1 or 2, which is a horticulture soil or a paddy rice seedling culture soil.   The soil according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein a content of the generated soil is 1 g to 999 g in dry weight per kg.   A method for producing a soil, comprising pulverizing a generated soil generated by a coagulation sedimentation treatment of water to be treated with polysilica iron, and mixing the soil in the soil.   A method for cultivating a plant, comprising applying the generated soil produced by a coagulation sedimentation treatment of water to be treated with polysilica iron to the plant.   The method according to claim 6, which is a method for supplying silicic acid to a plant.   The method according to claim 6 or 7, wherein the plant is a horticultural crop or a rice seedling.   The method according to claim 8, wherein the generated soil is applied in an amount of 1 g to 999 g per 1 kg of cultivated soil or 0.01 t to 10 t per 10 a of the field.

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