JP2011173239A - Machine tool - Google Patents

Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a machine tool capable of lengthening a service life of a tool when machining metal using an aqueous working fluid. <P>SOLUTION: The machine tool 1 for machining a workpiece 2 by relatively moving a tool 18 and the workpiece 2 and supplying the working fluid to a machining area includes: a primary tank 52 for storing a mixed liquid of water and oil; a first pump 58 for pumping up a liquid in an upper part and a liquid in a lower part of the mixed liquid in the primary tank 52; a throttle valve 61 for adjusting a mixture ratio of the mixed liquid pumped up by the first pump 58; a secondary tank 53 for storing the mixed liquid pumped up by the first pump 58; a second pump 63 for pumping up the mixed liquid in the secondary tank 53; a homogenizer 64 for making the working fluid comprising the water and the oil dispersed in the water from the mixed liquid pumped up by the second pump 63; a tertiary tank 54 for storing the working fluid produced by the homogenizer 64; and a third pump 66 for supplying the working fluid in the tertiary tank 54 to the machining area. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2011,JPO&INPIT

Description

  The present invention relates to a machine tool, a machining fluid supply device, and a machining fluid that perform machining such as cutting, grinding, and honing while supplying a machining fluid.

  The machining fluid supplied when machining a workpiece has the following effects. Lubricating action that penetrates between the workpiece and the tool or between the tool and the machining chip to reduce the friction at the boundary surface, an anti-welding action that prevents the formation of the cutting edge and welding of the machining chip to the tool, It is a cooling action that absorbs frictional heat generated between the tool and the tool or between the tool and the machining chip and shearing heat of the metal, and cools the work and the tool. These actions of the machining fluid vary depending on the type of machining fluid. An oil-based machining fluid that uses only oil has a strong lubricating action and anti-welding action, and is effective in reducing crater wear on the tool rake face and flank wear on the tool flank face. A water-soluble machining fluid used by diluting oil in water has a strong cooling action and is effective in reducing tool wear and improving the quality of the finished surface. In general, oil-based machining fluid cannot be used because there is a risk of ignition under processing conditions where the processing temperature is high, and it is used for processing at low speeds where there is no risk of ignition, or for processing a workpiece where the processing temperature does not increase. . Water-soluble processing fluids are used for general purposes because they have a lower lubricating effect and anti-welding effect than oil-based processing fluids, but have no risk of ignition. For this reason, a water-soluble working fluid is used for high-speed processing and processing of difficult-to-cut materials that have high processing temperatures.

  A conventional example of a machining fluid used for cutting is disclosed in Patent Document 1. The invention described in Patent Document 1 discloses a water-soluble metalworking fluid. The water-soluble metalworking fluid contains a base oil, boron nitride fine powder and an emulsifier, and the boron nitride fine powder is described to contain primary particles having an average particle size of 0.5 μm or less. The use of surfactants, nonionic surfactants, and mixtures thereof is described.

  A homogenizer is a device that finely pulverizes particles in a liquid and uniformly disperses them, and finely pulverizes and disperses particles in a liquid by colliding a pressurized mixed liquid containing particles with an impact ring at high speed. And a rotor / stator type that makes particles finer and disperses in the liquid by rotating the rotor at a high speed while supplying a mixed liquid containing particles in a minute gap between the rotor and the stator. Yes. A conventional example of a pressure type homogenizer is disclosed in Patent Document 2. Patent Document 2 discloses a pressure-type homogenizer that uses a valve component having excellent erosion resistance to disperse hard ceramic powder in a liquid.

  In general, the machining fluid is prepared in advance outside the machine and stored in a tank attached to the machine tool. When the machining fluid in the tank decreases, the worker replenishes the machining fluid. Some machine tools that automatically operate for a long time automatically replenish the machining fluid by a machining fluid replenishing device. A conventional example of a machining fluid supply device that is an accessory device of a machine tool is disclosed in Patent Document 3. It is disclosed that the machining liquid supply device mixes a raw liquid supplied from a tank and pressurized water supplied from outside the machine in a jet pump of the mixer to make a machining liquid. Further, it is described that the stock solution becomes a swirl flow by swirling swirl vanes provided in the inner cylinder of the jet pump and is uniformly dispersed.

Japanese Patent No. 3757728 Japanese Utility Model Publication No. 4-78932 Japanese Patent Publication No.7-115276

  Heat-resistant steel and stainless steel such as nickel alloys that tend to increase the processing temperature, and aluminum alloys and titanium alloys that tend to cause welding at the cutting edge of the tool belong to the workpiece group that shortens the tool life. In the machining of aluminum alloys and titanium alloys, tool scrap is welded to the cutting edge of the tool and induces chipping, thereby shortening the tool life. In these metal workings, a water-soluble working fluid in which water and oil are mixed at a predetermined ratio is used in order to lower the working temperature and suppress welding and extend the tool life. In the water-soluble processing liquid, water and oil that are not compatible are used, and an emulsifier is added in order to disperse and uniformize the oil particles in water. A water-soluble processing liquid containing an emulsifier is said to be an emulsion-type water-soluble processing liquid. As described in Patent Document 1, the emulsifier is an anionic surfactant, a nonionic surfactant, or a mixture thereof. The emulsifier has the effect of suppressing the surface tension, so it has the advantage that oil can be dispersed in water to make a uniform working fluid. On the other hand, when used for metal processing such as titanium alloy, nickel alloy, aluminum alloy, etc. There was a problem of shortening the service life. In addition, since tap water containing hydroxide ions was used as the water of the processing liquid, the hydroxide ions bind to the metal surface immediately after processing the workpiece, making it difficult for oil particles to adhere to the metal surface. There was a problem.

  The present invention has been made to solve the above-described problems, and is a tool capable of extending the tool life when machining a metal such as a titanium alloy, a nickel alloy, or an aluminum alloy using an aqueous working fluid. It is an object to provide a machine, a machining fluid supply device, and a machining fluid.

In order to achieve the above object, according to the present invention, in a machine tool for processing a workpiece by moving a tool and a workpiece relative to each other, a homogenizer that takes in water and oil and disperses the oil in the water is provided. A machine tool for processing a workpiece by supplying a machining fluid generated by the homogenizer to a machining area is provided.
Further, according to the present invention, there is provided a machine tool in which the homogenizer is provided in the middle of a machining fluid supply conduit from a machining fluid supply device to a machining area.
A machine tool with this configuration uniformly disperses oil in water without containing an emulsifier, and generates a processing fluid that is difficult for water and oil to separate before processing, and that processing fluid is processed in the processing region. Supply and process.

  In addition, according to the present invention, there is provided a machining fluid supply apparatus that includes a homogenizer that takes in water and oil and disperses the oil in the machining fluid supply apparatus that supplies machining fluid to a machine tool.

  Moreover, according to this invention, the processing liquid supply apparatus which uses deionized water for the said water is provided. Also provided is a working fluid supply apparatus further comprising an ion exchanger for producing deionized water.

  In addition, according to the present invention, there is provided a machining fluid supply apparatus further comprising: a machining fluid tank that stores the machining fluid generated by the homogenizer; and a pump that discharges the machining fluid stored in the machining fluid tank. Is done.

  Further, according to the present invention, the processing liquid collected from the machine tool and stored, or the upper layer and the lower layer of the stored water and oil mixed liquid are pumped up respectively, and the upper layer liquid and There is provided a machining liquid supply apparatus further comprising a pump for introducing the lower layer liquid into the homogenizer in a mixed state.

Further, according to the present invention, the homogenizer collides the gap between the pressurized liquid mixture of the water and the oil and the liquid mixture accelerated through the gap against the wall surface and depressurizes. There is provided a processing liquid supply apparatus which is a pressure type homogenizer having a processing chamber for dispersing the oil in the water.
The machining fluid supply device having this configuration generates a machining fluid in which oil is evenly dispersed in water without containing an emulsifier and water and oil are difficult to separate, and the machining fluid is supplied to a machine tool.

  Further, according to the present invention, a working fluid supplied to a machining area of a machine tool is produced by introducing water and oil into a homogenizer at a predetermined ratio and dispersing the oil in the water without using an emulsifier. Is provided.

As described above, according to the machine tool of the present invention, an aqueous working fluid in which water and oil particles having no compatibility are uniformly dispersed without using an emulsifier can be generated by a homogenizer. Since the generated machining fluid is difficult to separate water and oil, the action and effect of the machining fluid can be obtained over a long period of time. By supplying this machining fluid to the machining area, the tool life can be significantly extended in all metal machining, including titanium alloys, nickel alloys, and aluminum alloys, whose tool life is shortened by chipping and wear. For this reason, productivity can be improved and processing costs including tool costs can be reduced. The structure of the homogenizer is not particularly limited, and a pressure type or rotor / stator type homogenizer can be used.
In addition, since the homogenizer is provided in the middle of the machining fluid supply line from the machining fluid supply device to the machining area, the machining fluid stored in the tank of the machining fluid supply device is converted into water and oil over time. Even in the case of separation, a processing liquid in which oil is uniformly dispersed in water can be produced by a homogenizer.

  According to the processing liquid supply apparatus of the present invention, it is possible to produce an aqueous processing liquid in which oil is uniformly dispersed in water and water and oil are difficult to separate without using an emulsifier. By using this machining fluid, it is possible to extend the tool life in all metal machining including titanium alloy, nickel alloy and aluminum alloy. Moreover, since the working fluid which does not contain hydroxide ions can be generated using deionized water, oil particles are likely to adhere to the metal surface of the workpiece, and the machining waste is less likely to adhere to the tool. Also, since the liquid is pumped separately from the upper layer and the lower layer of the processing liquid stored in the tank or the mixed liquid of water and oil, it is possible to make a processing liquid with a predetermined ratio of water and oil. it can. In addition, when a pressure-type homogenizer is used, a mixed liquid of water and oil collides with the impact ring and cavitation is generated with a relatively simple configuration to generate a machining liquid in which oil is uniformly dispersed in water. can do. By storing the homogenized machining fluid in the tank, a sufficient amount of machining fluid necessary for machining can be supplied, and the machine tool can be operated for a long time.

  According to the machining fluid of the present invention, since the generated machining fluid does not use an emulsifier that shortens the tool life, the tool life can be extended in all metal machining including titanium alloy, nickel alloy and aluminum alloy. Can do. In addition, there is no risk of fire due to the aqueous processing fluid.

It is a figure which shows one Embodiment of the machine tool of this invention. It is a block diagram which shows 1st Embodiment of a process liquid supply apparatus. It is a block diagram which shows 2nd Embodiment of a process liquid supply apparatus. It is sectional drawing of a pressure type homogenizer.

  Hereinafter, an embodiment of a machine tool of the present invention will be described in detail. FIG. 1 shows a machine tool of the present embodiment. The machine tool of the present invention is not limited to the vertical machining center shown in FIG. 1, and a horizontal machining center, a turning center, and other machine tools are also included in the machine tool of the present invention.

  As shown in FIG. 1, the machine tool 1 according to this embodiment includes a table 4 fixed on a base 3, a slide base (not shown) that slides along a linear motion guide on the base 3, and a slide base A column (not shown) that slides along the linear motion guide, a spindle head 5 that is supported by the column so as to be movable in the vertical direction, and a spindle 6 that is rotatably supported by the spindle head 5. And the table 4 relatively move in three axial directions orthogonal to each other. An end mill 8 is attached to the main shaft 6, and a work 2 is attached to the table 4. Further, the machine tool 1 introduces a processing fluid mixed with water and oil that does not contain an emulsifier and is pressurized to a predetermined pressure from a processing fluid supply device 10 outside the device, and uniformly disperses the oil in water by making the oil fine particles. A homogenizer 15 is provided. The homogenized machining fluid is supplied to the machining area via a coolant nozzle 13 connected to the machining fluid supply pipe 12. Without using the coolant nozzle 13, the homogenized machining fluid may be introduced into the main shaft 6 from the rear portion of the main shaft 6 and supplied to the processing region from the tip of the end mill 8 through the main shaft 6 and the end mill 8. . The homogenizer 15 is not limited to the pressure type homogenizer as shown in FIG. 4, and water and oil are introduced into a minute gap between the rotor and the stator, and the rotor is rotated at a high speed to make the oil into the water. It is also possible to use a rotor-stator type homogenizer that uniformly disperses.

  The type and components of the aqueous working fluid used for processing are not limited except that it does not contain an emulsifier. As the oil, fatty acids such as oleic acid and stearic acid, animal and vegetable oils, mineral oils, synthetic oils, and mixed oils thereof can be used. As the water, tap water or deionized water not containing hydroxide ions can be used. The mixing ratio of oil to water can be 5% to 50% by weight, preferably 10% to 30% by weight. In order to enhance the lubricating action of the aqueous working fluid, a fine powder of a solid lubricant such as silica or boron nitride may be included. As the deionized water, ion-exchanged water, distilled water or pure water can be used.

  As shown in FIG. 4, the pressure type homogenizer 15 has a housing 19 having a processing chamber 20 inside and an inlet 26 for a processing liquid introduced at a high pressure, and the valve seat surface 25 a faces the processing chamber 20. And a valve seat 25 mounted on the front end surface 21a of the housing 19 in a state where the housing 19 is in a closed state. A narrow gap 35 is formed between the valve seat surface 25a and the valve front end surface 31a. The valve tip surface 31a has a circular shape with a diameter of 30 mm, for example. On the inner wall surface of the housing on the outer periphery of the gap 35, there is provided an impact ring 34 on which the mixed liquid of water and oil that has passed through the gap 35 collides at high speed. The impact ring 34 is a consumable part that is replaced when the high-pressure mixed liquid collides and wears, and is made of a wear-resistant material such as ceramics or cemented carbide. In the present embodiment, in order to facilitate replacement of the impact ring 34, the housing 19 and the impact ring 34 are formed separately. The mixed liquid of water and oil is accelerated through the gap 35, and micron-order fine particles of oil are brought into the water by the impact force when colliding with the impact ring 34 and cavitation caused by decompression in the processing chamber 20. A uniformly dispersed machining fluid is produced.

  The housing 19 has a front end opening 22a and a rear end opening 22b communicating with the processing chamber 20, and a discharge port 22c for discharging the homogenized processing liquid. A valve seat 25 is attached to the front end surface 21a, and the mixed liquid is introduced into the processing chamber 20 from an introduction port 26 communicating with the front end opening 22a. A valve 31 is fitted into the rear end opening 22b so as not to have a gap, and the valve front end surface 31a faces the valve seat surface 25a with a predetermined gap 35 therebetween. The gap 35 between the valve front end surface 31a and the valve seat surface 25a is set such that the interval can be adjusted according to the particle diameter and viscosity of the oil of the mixed liquid to be introduced and the pressure of the working liquid. In the case of oil having a large particle diameter and high viscosity, the gap 35 is set wide. In the case of oil having a small particle diameter and low viscosity, the gap 35 is set narrow. When a machining fluid containing oleic acid and water is used and oil particles of several μm are produced at a pressure of 11 MPa, the interval 35 between the valve tip surface 31a and the valve seat surface 25a is set to about 0.1 mm. . When the gap 35 between the valve front end surface 31a and the valve seat surface 25a is narrow, the generation capacity of the homogenized machining fluid is reduced, and a sufficient amount of machining fluid cannot be supplied to the machining area. In such a case, it becomes possible to supply a sufficient amount of machining fluid by providing the machine tool 1 with a tank for storing the homogenized machining fluid. The mixed liquid of water and oil collides with the impact ring 34 at a high speed, is depressurized in the processing chamber 20, and the oil particles are uniformly dispersed in the water by the impact force and cavitation. The homogenized machining liquid is discharged from the discharge port 22 c and supplied to the machining area via the machining liquid supply pipe 12.

  The valve seat 25 is made of the same material as the housing 19. The inlet 26 into which the mixed liquid pressurized to a predetermined pressure is introduced is formed so that the processing liquid outlet side is narrower than the inlet side. The liquid mixture is increased in velocity by flowing through the gap 35 from the inlet 26 and collides with the impact ring 34.

  The valve 31 is formed of the same material as that of the housing 19 like the valve seat 25. The valve 31 has a base 33 fixed to the rear end surface 21 b of the housing 19 and a protrusion 32 that is fitted into the rear end opening 22 b of the housing 19 and protrudes into the processing chamber 20. The front end surface of the protrusion 32 is formed as a valve surface 31a, and forms a gap 35 between the valve surface 31a and the opposing valve seat surface 25a.

  As described above, since the machine tool 1 according to the present embodiment includes the homogenizer 15 that generates a machining liquid in which oil is uniformly dispersed in water, water and oil that are not compatible without using an emulsifier. The particles can be kept in a state that is difficult to separate for a long time. By supplying this machining fluid to the machining area, the tool life can be significantly extended in metal machining such as titanium alloy, nickel alloy, and aluminum alloy, whose tool life is shortened by chipping and wear. Using a commercially available emulsion-type water-soluble machining fluid containing an emulsifier, a tool life of about 4 times can be achieved compared to machining a titanium alloy with a carbide end mill. In the present embodiment, since the homogenizer 15 is provided in the middle of the machining liquid supply conduit 12 from the machining liquid supply device 10 to the machining area, the machining liquid becomes water in the tank of the machining liquid supply device 10 over time. Even when the oil is separated into oil, the homogenizer 15 can regenerate the processing liquid in which oil is uniformly dispersed in water, and stable processing can be performed.

  Next, a first embodiment of the machining fluid supply device of the present invention will be described with reference to FIG. Unlike the machining liquid supply apparatus 10 shown in FIG. 1, the machining liquid supply apparatus 40 according to the present embodiment includes a homogenizer 15 and a tank 42 that stores the homogenized machining liquid. As the homogenizer 15, the pressure type homogenizer shown in FIG. 4 can be used as described above. Deionized water and oil ion-exchanged by the ion exchanger 44 are introduced into the homogenizer 15 of the present embodiment. By using deionized water that does not contain hydroxide ions instead of tap water that contains hydroxide ions, it is possible to prevent hydroxide ions from binding to the metal surface of the workpiece immediately after processing. Adheres directly to the workpiece surface, and the lubricating action of the machining fluid is enhanced. Thereby, it becomes difficult for the processing scraps to be welded to the tool, and chipping does not occur. The homogenized machining liquid is pumped up from the tank 42 by the pump 46 and supplied to the machining area, so that a sufficient amount of machining liquid can be supplied to the machining area.

  FIG. 3 shows a second embodiment of the machining fluid supply apparatus of the present invention. The machining fluid supply device 50 according to the present embodiment includes a primary tank 52 that collects the machining fluid used for machining, and is suitable for a machine tool that is automatically operated for a long time. The machining fluid is carried from the machine tool together with the machining waste, and is separated into machining waste and machining fluid by the lift-up chip conveyor 56. The separated working fluid is stored in the primary tank 52 together with deionized water for replenishment ion-exchanged by the ion exchanger 57 and new oil to be replenished. As the deionized water, commercially available ones or those already produced by other methods can be used. From the upper layer 52 a and the lower layer 52 b of the mixed liquid of water and oil in the primary tank 52, the liquid is pumped up by the pump 58 and supplied to the filter 59. A rotary cyclone filter can be used as the filter 59, where fine processing waste is removed and agitated to some extent. The upper layer 52a is mainly an oily layer, and the lower layer 52b is mainly a watery layer. When liquid is pumped up from the upper and lower layers 52a and 52b by the pump 58, the respective flowmeters 60 are viewed. Adjustment is performed by opening and closing each throttle valve 61 so that water and oil have a predetermined mixing ratio. The suction pipe for sucking the liquid from the upper layer 52a is formed so as to move up and down together with the float, and is configured so that the liquid can always be sucked from near the liquid surface.

  The mixed liquid of water and oil is temporarily stored in the secondary tank 53 via the filter 59. The pressurized working fluid pumped up from the secondary tank 53 by the pump 63 is introduced into the homogenizer 64 to produce a working fluid in which oil is uniformly dispersed in water. The generated processing liquid is sterilized by the ultraviolet irradiation device 65 and then stored in the tertiary tank 54. The ultraviolet irradiation device 65 is effective for preventing corrosion of the machining fluid. The machining liquid pumped from the tertiary tank 54 by the pump 66 is supplied to the machining area. The machining fluid supply device 50 of this embodiment is a form suitable for a machine tool that is arranged on a production line and operates for a long time, and performs continuous and stable machining without separating the water and oil of the machining fluid. be able to.

  As described above, a homogenizer can produce an aqueous working fluid in which oil is uniformly dispersed in water without using an emulsifier. By using this working fluid, a titanium alloy, a nickel alloy, or an aluminum alloy can be produced. In the beginning, the wear resistance and chipping resistance of the tool in every metal processing are increased, and the tool life can be extended. Thereby, the productivity of processing can be increased and the processing cost including the tool cost can be reduced.

  In addition, this invention is not limited to the said embodiment, In the range which does not deviate from the main point of this invention, it can deform | transform and implement variously.

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Machine tool 10, 40, 50 Processing fluid supply apparatus 15 Homogenizer 19 Housing 25 Valve seat 31 Valve 34 Impact ring 35 Gap

Claims (9)

In machine tools that work by moving the tool and the workpiece relative to each other,
A machine tool comprising a homogenizer that takes in water and oil and disperses the oil in the water, and supplies a machining fluid generated by the homogenizer to a machining area to process a workpiece.   2. The machine tool according to claim 1, wherein the homogenizer is provided in the middle of a machining fluid supply conduit from a machining fluid supply device to a machining area. In the machining fluid supply device that supplies the machining fluid to the machine tool,
A working fluid supply apparatus comprising a homogenizer that takes in water and oil and disperses the oil in the water.   The working fluid supply apparatus according to claim 3, wherein deionized water is used as the water.   The processing fluid supply apparatus according to claim 3, further comprising an ion exchanger, wherein deionized water generated by the ion exchanger is used as the water.   The machining according to any one of claims 3 to 5, further comprising: a machining liquid tank that stores the machining liquid generated by the homogenizer; and a pump that discharges the machining liquid stored in the machining liquid tank. Liquid supply device.   Pump the liquid from the upper layer and lower layer of the collected processing liquid collected from the machine tool or the mixed liquid of water and oil, respectively, the upper layer liquid and the lower layer liquid The machining fluid supply apparatus according to any one of claims 3 to 6, further comprising a pump that is introduced into the homogenizer in a mixed state.   The homogenizer collides with the wall for introducing the pressurized liquid mixture of the water and the oil, the mixed liquid accelerated through the gap against the wall surface, and depressurizes to disperse the oil in the water. The processing liquid supply apparatus according to any one of claims 3 to 7, which is a pressure type homogenizer having a processing chamber. A machining fluid supplied to the machining area of a machine tool,
A processing liquid produced by introducing water and oil into a homogenizer at a predetermined ratio, and dispersing the oil in the water without using an emulsifier.

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