JP2011140797A - Water intake device - Google Patents

Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To maintain a water intake quantity at an intake port at a predetermined quantity or less. <P>SOLUTION: The water intake device 1 to be disposed in a water channel to maintain the water intake quantity at the intake port 2 at a predetermined quantity or less includes an intake body 11 having an opening portion 112 disposed on the upstream side of the water channel; a valve element 12 capable of opening and closing the opening portion 112; and a movable body 13 connected to the valve element 12 to be vertically movable according to change in water level of the water channel. When the water level of the water channel is a general water level La or less, the valve element 12 is fully opened relative to the opening portion 112 by the dead weight of the movable body 13, and when the water level of the water channel is a set water level Lb or more, the valve element 12 is fully closed relative to the opening portion 112 by the buoyancy of the movable body 13, whereby the opening/closing of the opening portion 112 is adjusted to maintain the water intake quantity at the predetermined quantity or less. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2011,JPO&INPIT

Description

  The present invention relates to a water intake device that is disposed in a small water channel such as a mountain stream, and relates to a water intake device that holds a water intake amount at a water intake at a predetermined amount or less.

  Regarding the use of water in rivers, laws and regulations stipulate that the purpose of use is limited to agricultural water and power generation water used at hydroelectric power plants, etc. . Therefore, it is necessary to control the amount of water taken from the river so that it complies with the law and does not exceed the prescribed amount (permitted water intake). Therefore, in large rivers, the intake gate is motorized, and the opening and closing of the intake is adjusted according to the water level to control the intake volume. On the other hand, since it is difficult to secure a power source in a small river (such as a mountain stream), it is necessary to manually adjust the opening of the intake gate to control the intake amount.

  Then, the technique regarding the water intake apparatus for stopping water when a predetermined water level is detected, and preventing the amount of water intake from exceeding is proposed (for example, refer patent document 1). In this water intake device, when a predetermined water level is detected by a float disposed in a paddy field, the lock member is moved, and the water stop plate closes the water intake port to stop water intake.

JP 2005-113549 A

  However, in this water intake device, in order to resume water intake when the water level drops again after the predetermined water level is detected and stopped, an operator goes to the installation site of the water intake device and stops the water stop plate. It was necessary to lift up and set the lock member. In other words, it was impossible to open and close the intake according to the water level of the river and automatically switch between intake and stop of intake. Therefore, after a predetermined water level is detected and stopped, even if the water level drops, there will be a time lag until water intake is resumed, and the time during which water will not be taken will be prolonged. Was not enough.

  Furthermore, conventionally, the opening of the intake gate has been set such that a predetermined amount can be acquired corresponding to an assumed average water level. Therefore, when the opening of the intake gate is determined assuming that it is below the normal water level (during drought), if the water level is higher than the set water level (when water is discharged), a large amount of water intake will reduce the equipment security issues and legally prescribed amount. There was a risk of exceeding. On the other hand, when the opening of the intake gate is determined in consideration of the flood water level (at the time of flooding), the opening is determined to be small, and only a small amount of water can be taken at the normal water level (normal time) As a result, there is a possibility that the target power generation amount cannot be obtained.

  Accordingly, an object of the present invention is to solve the above-described problems, and to provide a water intake device capable of effectively utilizing river water while maintaining the water intake amount at a water intake at a predetermined amount or less.

  In order to solve the above-mentioned problem, the invention of claim 1 is a water intake device that is arranged in a water channel and holds the water intake amount at a water intake at a predetermined amount or less, and an opening is disposed on the upstream side of the water channel. A water intake body, a valve body that is openable and closable with respect to the opening, and a movable body that is connected to the valve body and is movable in the vertical direction in accordance with a change in the water level of the water channel. In the following cases, the valve body is fully opened with respect to the opening by the dead weight of the movable body, and when the water level of the water channel is equal to or higher than the set water level, the valve body is fully opened with respect to the opening by the buoyancy of the movable body. A movable body is disposed so as to be closed.

  According to this invention, when the water level in the water channel is equal to or lower than the normal water level, the valve body is fully opened with respect to the opening by the dead weight of the movable body, and water is taken in through the opening. On the other hand, when the water level in the water channel becomes equal to or higher than the set water level, the valve body is fully closed with respect to the opening by the buoyancy of the movable body, and water intake is stopped.

  The invention according to claim 2 is the water intake device according to claim 1, wherein the diameter of the opening is set so that the water intake amount is not more than a predetermined amount when the water level of the water channel is below the normal water level. It is characterized by.

  According to this invention, when the water level is equal to or lower than the normal water level, the water intake amount of the opening, that is, the water intake amount of the water intake device is equal to or lower than the predetermined amount regardless of the water level of the water channel.

  The invention of claim 3 is characterized in that, in the water intake device according to any one of claims 1 and 2, the water intake body is arranged at a position higher than the bottom surface of the water channel.

  The invention of claim 4 is the water intake device according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the water intake body, the valve body, and the movable body are integrally disposed, and the water intake gate is installed at the water intake. It is characterized by being detachable as a single unit.

  According to a fifth aspect of the present invention, in the water intake device according to the fourth aspect, the bottom portion of the water intake body is fixed to the bottom surface of the water channel by a fixture, and is arranged at the water intake gate. .

  According to the first aspect of the present invention, when the water level of the water channel is equal to or lower than the normal water level, the valve body is fully opened with respect to the opening by the dead weight of the movable body, and water is taken in through the opening, and the water level of the water channel is set to the set water level If it becomes above, since a valve body will be fully closed with respect to an opening part by the buoyancy of a movable body, water intake will be stopped, and an appropriate amount of water according to the water level of a water channel can be taken. For this reason, even if the water level of a water channel becomes more than a setting water level, a law can be adhered to reliably. Furthermore, since the opening is automatically opened and closed according to the displacement of the water level in the water channel, water can be continuously taken in and there is no loss in the amount of water taken in, so that an appropriate amount of power generation can be maintained. For this reason, it becomes possible to use clean energy effectively and to contribute to reduction of environmental load. In addition, when the water level in the water channel is equal to or higher than the set water level, the opening is fully closed and water intake is stopped.Therefore, the setting of the diameter of the opening does not need to consider the flood water level, and only the normal water level should be assumed. The aperture diameter can be set large. For this reason, since the amount of water intake can be made appropriate, an appropriate amount of power generation can be obtained. Thus, according to the present invention, the river water can be effectively used.

  Furthermore, since the aperture has a large diameter, clogging due to earth and sand is less likely to occur, and the amount of water intake is not reduced, and an appropriate power generation amount can be stably obtained. In addition, when the water level in the waterway is the flood water level (above the set water level), the opening is fully closed to prevent inflow and accumulation of earth and sand, thus reducing and maintaining the load of maintenance work to remove earth and sand. Costs can be reduced. Furthermore, since the valve body is opened and closed (opening and closing) by the weight of the movable body and buoyancy, and no external power is required, the valve body can be easily installed regardless of the presence or absence of a power source.

  According to the second aspect of the present invention, since the diameter of the opening of the water intake body is set to a predetermined size, the water intake amount is not more than the predetermined amount and may exceed the predetermined amount regardless of the water level of the water channel. Absent. That is, it is possible to ensure compliance with laws and regulations.

  According to the invention described in claim 3, since the water intake body is arranged at a position higher than the bottom surface of the water channel, it is difficult for dust or earth and sand to flow into and accumulate in the opening, thereby reducing the amount of water intake. It becomes possible to suppress. That is, since the power generation amount can be maintained, clean energy can be used effectively. In addition, maintenance work for removing earth and sand is unnecessary, and operation costs can be reduced.

  According to the fourth aspect of the present invention, since the water intake device is integrated, after manufacturing, assembling, testing, etc. in advance in a factory, etc., it may be transported to the installation site and installed. The required time can be shortened. As a result, the water intake stop time associated with the installation work is shortened, and the reduction in the amount of power generation can be suppressed.

  According to the invention described in claim 5, since it can be installed in an existing intake gate and the function of the intake gate can be maintained, the intake gate can be opened and closed as usual at the time of inspection.

It is a front (partial cross section) figure which shows the state in which the water intake device which concerns on embodiment of this invention was installed. It is a front (partial cross section) figure which shows the water intake apparatus of FIG. It is a front (partial cross section) figure which shows the water intake apparatus of FIG.

  The present invention will be described below based on the illustrated embodiments.

  FIG. 1 is a front (partial cross-sectional) view showing a state in which a water intake device 1 according to this embodiment is installed. In this figure, the symbol La indicates the case where the water level of the water channel is the normal water level, the symbol Lb indicates the case where the water level of the water channel is the set water level, and the symbol Lc indicates the case where the water level of the water channel is the flood water level. .

The water intake device 1 is, for example, a device for taking water from a water intake 2 of a small water channel in a hydroelectric power plant, and mainly, as shown in FIG. 2, a water intake body 11 for taking water from the water channel, and a water intake body 11 is connected to the valve body 12 that controls the intake of water 11, the movable body 13 that is a power source that adjusts the opening and closing of the valve body 12 with respect to the opening 112, and the movable body 13 is moved up and down. Is connected to the valve body 12 and a frame body 16 on which the valve body 12 and the like are disposed is integrally formed. In this embodiment, the flow rate of the water channel in which the water intake device 1 is disposed assumes a water channel such as a small river of about 0.05 m ³ / s.

  The intake body 11 mainly includes an intake pipe 111 having an opening 112 disposed on the upstream side of the water channel, a support body 113 that supports the intake pipe 111, and a bottom plate 114 on which the support body 113 is placed. Yes. The intake pipe 111 is a round pipe having a length of about several tens of centimeters to several meters, and is arranged so that the opening 112 is on the upstream side of the water channel, that is, the axial direction of the intake pipe 111 coincides with the flowing water direction. ing. The diameter of the opening 112 is set so that when the water level in the water channel is equal to or lower than the normal water level La, the water intake amount is equal to or less than a predetermined amount, that is, equal to or less than the permitted water intake amount (legal determination). In this embodiment, the aperture 112 has a diameter of, for example, approximately 10 cm to 20 cm. Moreover, the opening part 112 is set to the cross section inclined so that the angle | corner which the upper part of the opening part 112 and the intake pipe 111 makes may become an acute angle.

  The support 113 is an H-shaped steel that supports the intake pipe 111, has a through hole slightly larger than the outer diameter of the intake pipe 111 at a substantially central portion of the web, and is fixed by welding or the like while the intake pipe 111 is penetrated. It is fixed by means. Thus, since the intake pipe 111 is being fixed to the substantially center part of the web of the support body 113, the intake pipe 111 is installed in the position higher than the bottom face 4 of a water channel. Further, the lower end portion of the intake gate 3 is placed on the upper flange of the support 113 as will be described later. Further, the lower flange of the support body 113 is fixed to the bottom plate 114 by fixing means (not shown) such as bolts.

  The bottom plate 114 is a plate-like material such as an iron plate or a concrete plate, and is fixed to the bottom surface 4 of the water channel by a fixing means (not shown) such as an anchor bolt. Further, on the opening 112 side of the bottom plate 114, a cylindrical frame body 16 through which the intake pipe 111 passes is fixed by a fixing means (not shown) such as a bolt.

  The frame 16 is a cylindrical body made of steel or the like, and the opening 112 side is set to have a cross section inclined along the inclination of the opening 112. In addition, the rotating shaft 143 of the coupling body 14 is fixed to the upper end of the side surface of the frame body 16 on the opening 112 side, and the upper surface of the frame body 16 guides the vertical movement of the coupling shaft 141 of the coupling body 14. A guide hole (not shown) is formed. The valve body 12 is rotatably disposed on the opening 112 side of the frame body 16 via the connecting body 14.

  The valve body 12 is a substantially L-shaped plate body, and is set to a weight that can rotate in conjunction with the vertical movement of the movable body 13. On the opening 112 side of the valve body 12, in order to prevent the inflow of water into the water intake pipe 111 when the opening 112 is fully closed, a close contact portion made of rubber or the like that is slightly larger than the inner diameter of the opening 112 121 is disposed. In addition, a rotating shaft 143 passes through a right angle portion of the valve body 12, and the valve body 12 is arranged to be rotatable with respect to the rotating shaft 143, that is, to be rotatable with respect to the opening 112. Further, the other end portion of the valve body 12 and the lower end portion of the connecting shaft 141 are rotatably connected via a connecting tool 142 of the connecting body 14, and the upper end portion of the connecting shaft 141 and the movable body 13 are connected. ing. In this way, the valve body 12 and the movable body 13 are connected via the connecting body 14. Here, since the valve body 12 rotates about the rotation shaft 143, the force acting on the valve body 12 is increased by increasing the vertical movement distance of the movable body 13 using the lever principle. The opening 112 can be smoothly opened and closed.

The movable body 13 is a hollow cube floating in water, and in this embodiment, the size is assumed to be approximately 0.125 m ³ (one side is approximately 0.5 m) to several m ³ . The movable body 13 moves up and down according to the water level of the water channel. When the movable body 13 is located at the bottom dead center, the opening 112 is fully opened. When the movable body 13 is located at the top dead center, the opening 112 is fully closed. It is set to be. The range of vertical movement of the movable body 13 is such that the top dead center is defined by the connection tool 142 of the connection body 14 coming into contact with the frame body 16, and the stopper is provided on the side surface of the frame body 16. The bottom dead center is defined by contacting 15.

Such a movable body 13 is set so that the entirety of the water channel is positioned on the water surface when the water level of the water channel is equal to or lower than the normal water level La, and substantially the whole when the water level of the water channel is equal to or higher than the set water level Lb. Is set to float in the water. The position of the movable body 13 is set by the relationship between the weight W of the movable body 13 and the volume V of the underwater portion. Here, when the mass of the movable body 13 is M, the density of water is ρ, and the acceleration of gravity is g, the weight W of the movable body 13 is
W = Mg
The buoyancy F acting on the movable body 13 is
F = ρVg
It becomes. Further, in order to fully open the valve body 12 from the fully closed state with respect to the opening 112, it is necessary to consider the water pressure acting on the opening 112. Here, as shown in FIG. 3, the sectional area of the opening 112 is A, the depth from the center of the opening 112 from the water surface is h, the distance from the rotary shaft 143 to the center of the opening 112 is l ₁ , When the distance between the tool 142 and the rotary shaft 143 and _{l 2,} the force required to open the valve 12 (opening 112) to the fully closed (valve opening force) P is
P = ρhAg (l ₁ / l ₂ )
It becomes.

And when the water level of the water channel is below the normal water level La, the movable body 13 is in the air, and the downward force f1 acting on the movable body 13 is
f1 = W = Mg
It becomes. Here, the relationship between f1 and the valve opening force P is
P <f1
That is,
ρhAg (l ₁ / l ₂ ) <Mg
It is necessary to become. Therefore, when the water level in the water channel is equal to or lower than the normal water level La, the weight W of the movable body 13 is sufficient to fully open the valve body 12 with respect to the opening 112. It is necessary to set the mass M. Here, the valve opening force P is required because the water level in the water channel becomes equal to or higher than the set water level Lb and the valve body 12 is fully closed with respect to the opening 112, and then the water level in the water channel again becomes the normal water level La or lower. This is a case where the opening 112 is to be fully opened.

When the water level in the water channel is equal to or higher than the set water level Lb, and the volume of the underwater portion of the movable body 13 is _Vb , the relationship between the weight W of the movable body 13 and the buoyancy F is
F> W
That is,
ρV _b g> Mg
The upward force f2 acting on the movable body 13 is
f2 = (ρV _b −M) g
It becomes. Therefore, when the water level in the water channel is equal to or higher than the set water level Lb, the movable body 13 is set so that the buoyancy F acting on the movable body 13 is sufficiently large to fully close the valve body 12 with respect to the opening 112. It is necessary to set the volume V. The mass M and volume V of the movable body 13 are set so as to satisfy these relationships.

  Next, the installation method and operation | movement of the water intake apparatus 1 of such a structure are demonstrated.

  The water intake device 1 is assembled in advance at a factory or the like, and is transported to an installation site after performing operation tests and adjustments. At the installation site, the existing water intake gate 3 is opened to the extent that the water intake device 1 can enter. Then, the upper flange of the support 113 is disposed directly below the water gate 3 and the bottom plate 114 is fixed to the concrete on the bottom surface 4 of the water channel with anchor bolts (not shown). Then, the intake gate 3 is closed so as to be in close contact with the upper flange of the support 113. In this way, the water intake device 1 is disposed integrally and detachably with respect to the water intake gate 3 installed at the water intake 2.

  And when the water level of a water channel is below the normal water level La, the whole movable body 13 is located on the water surface, and the downward force acts on the movable body 13 by dead weight. The downward force acting on the movable body 13 is transmitted to the valve body 12 via the connecting body 14, and the valve body 12 rotates about the rotation shaft 143 in a direction away from the opening 112. In this way, the valve body 12 is fully opened with respect to the opening 112, and an appropriate amount of water is drawn through the opening 112.

  Next, when the water level in the water channel becomes equal to or higher than the set water level Lb, the movable body 13 is almost entirely located in water, and an upward force is exerted on the movable body 13 by buoyancy. The upward force acting on the movable body 13 is transmitted to the valve body 12 via the connecting body 14, and the valve body 12 rotates in a direction approaching the opening 112 around the rotation shaft 143. Thus, the valve body 12 is fully closed with respect to the opening 112, and water intake from the opening 112 is stopped.

  Thereafter, when the water level in the water channel again becomes equal to or lower than the normal water level La, similarly, the entire movable body 13 is positioned on the water surface, the valve body 12 is fully opened with respect to the opening 112, and the opening 112 is opened. The water intake will be resumed. In this way, the valve body 12 is rotated in conjunction with the vertical movement of the movable body 13 according to the change in the water level of the water channel, and the opening / closing of the opening 112 is adjusted. On the other hand, when the water level in the water channel is higher than the normal water level La and lower than the set water level Lb, the valve body 12 is partially opened with respect to the opening 112, and the water intake amount is equal to or less than the permitted water intake amount.

  As described above, according to the water intake device 1, when the water level in the water channel is equal to or lower than the normal water level La, water is taken in through the opening 112, and when the water level in the water channel is equal to or higher than the set water level Lb, Since the part 112 is fully closed and water intake is stopped, the river water can be effectively utilized while keeping the water intake amount below a predetermined amount. For this reason, it becomes possible to ensure compliance with laws and regulations. Further, when the water level in the water channel is equal to or higher than the set water level Lb, the opening 112 is fully closed and water intake is stopped, so that the diameter of the opening 112 can be set large without having to consider the time of flooding. In other words, since it is possible to secure an appropriate maximum amount of water intake, it is possible to obtain an appropriate maximum amount of power generation. For this reason, it becomes possible to use clean energy effectively, and it can contribute to reduction of an environmental load. Further, when the diameter of the opening 112 is increased, clogging due to earth and sand is less likely to occur, the amount of water intake is not reduced, and the power generation amount can be stably obtained. Furthermore, even when the water level of the water channel is the flood water level Lc, the opening 112 is fully closed and water intake is stopped, so that inflow and accumulation of earth and sand to the water intake body 11 can be prevented. For this reason, it becomes possible to reduce the load of maintenance work, such as removal of earth and sand.

  In addition, since the valve body 12 is opened and closed (opening and closing of the opening 112) by the weight and buoyancy of the movable body 13 and no external power is required, the water intake 2 under various environments regardless of the presence or absence of a power source. It becomes possible to install in. Furthermore, since the water intake body 11 is raised from the bottom surface 4 of the water channel, it is difficult for dirt and earth and sand to accumulate in the opening 112, and a reduction in the amount of water intake can be suppressed. That is, since the power generation amount can be maintained, clean energy can be used effectively. In addition, maintenance work for removing earth and sand is not required, and operation costs can be reduced.

  Furthermore, since the water intake device 1 is installed with the existing water intake gate 3 as it is, there is no need to improve the water intake gate 3 and when the water intake 2 is inspected, the water intake is maintained as before. The gate 3 can be opened and closed, and inspection and maintenance work can be easily performed. In addition, since the water intake device 1 is integrated (unitized), it can be transported to the installation site in an assembled state at a factory or the like, and can be installed with simple work on the installation site. It is possible to shorten the time required. That is, since the water intake stop time of the water intake port 2 associated with the installation work can be shortened, it is possible to minimize the decrease in the amount of power generation.

  Although the embodiment of the present invention has been described above, the specific configuration is not limited to the above embodiment, and even if there is a design change or the like without departing from the gist of the present invention, Included in the invention. For example, in the above embodiment, the integrated water intake device 1 has been described, but the water intake device 1 may not be integrated. Further, although the valve body 12 is disposed on the frame body 16 above the opening 112, the valve body 12 may be disposed on the frame body 16 below or on the side of the opening 112. Furthermore, the movable body 13 may be a rectangular parallelepiped, a sphere, or the like, and may be formed of a light material such as a foam material (for example, expanded polystyrene) instead of being hollow. Furthermore, a weight may be arranged to adjust the weight W of the movable body 13. Further, the coupling body 14 may be another transmission mechanism such as a rack and pinion mechanism.

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Intake device 2 Intake port 3 Intake port gate 11 Intake body 12 Valve body 13 Movable body 14 Connection body 112 Opening part La Normal water level Lb Set water level Lc Flood water level (highest water level)

Claims (5)

A water intake device that is arranged in a water channel and holds a water intake amount at a water intake at a predetermined amount or less,
A water intake body provided with an opening on the upstream side of the water channel;
A valve body that can be opened and closed with respect to the opening;
A movable body connected to the valve body and movable in the vertical direction in accordance with a change in the water level of the water channel,
When the water level of the water channel is equal to or lower than the normal water level, the valve body is fully opened with respect to the opening by its own weight, and when the water level of the water channel is equal to or higher than a set water level, the movable body The water intake apparatus is characterized in that the movable body is disposed so that the valve body is fully closed with respect to the opening by buoyancy.   2. The water intake device according to claim 1, wherein a diameter of the opening is set so that a water intake amount is a predetermined amount or less when a water level of the water channel is a normal water level or less.   The water intake device according to claim 1, wherein the water intake body is arranged at a position higher than a bottom surface of the water channel.   The said water intake body, the said valve body, and the said movable body are integrally arrange | positioned, It is detachable integrally with respect to the water intake gate installed in the said water intake. The water intake device according to any one of 1 to 3.   The water intake device according to claim 4, wherein the water intake device is arranged at the water intake gate by fixing a bottom portion of the water intake body to a bottom surface of the water channel with a fixture.

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