JP2011137776A - Inclination measuring device - Google Patents

Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a device for accurately measuring the right and left inclinations of a large ship and an inclination of a construction and a land, using a simple method. <P>SOLUTION: An inclination measuring device for measuring an inclination of an object to be measured includes (a) a long transparent tube made of a resin in which liquid generating no air bubble is accommodated so as to leave a space in an end part and have no air bubble, and (b) a liquid level measuring device, attached to an end part of the long transparent tube to measure the level of the liquid. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2011,JPO&amp;INPIT

Description

  The present invention relates to an apparatus for accurately measuring the inclination of a ship, a building, a land, etc. by a simple method.

  In recent years, it has been required to accurately calculate the weight of raw materials loaded on a dedicated transport ship and / or the weight of raw materials unloaded from a dedicated transport ship, due to soaring prices of raw materials such as ore and coal. The loading weight and unloading weight of the raw material can be calculated from changes in the water line before and after loading and / or before and after loading, but in order to calculate accurately, it is necessary to accurately measure changes in the water line. The above calculation will be described later.

  Usually, the water depth of a ship is obtained by visually observing the waterline. However, the larger the ship, the more likely it is to tilt left and right when loading raw materials and / or when unloading, and the position of the waterline may differ greatly between left and right. In this way, when the ship is tilted to the left and right, in order to accurately calculate the loading weight and / or unloading weight of the raw material, the positions of the left and right water lines are accurately measured and the tilt angle in the ship width direction is obtained. There is a need.

  The position of the waterline on the land side can be determined accurately by observing the waterline from the quay, but the position of the waterline on the sea side (opposite side) must also be determined accurately by some method.

  Conventionally, the position of the waterline on the sea side is (a) the rope ladder is lowered from the ship side, or the waterline is visually observed from a small ship, (b) the draft gauges provided in the ship (the position of the waterline at the bow and stern are displayed) (C) The distance from the deck to the sea surface is calculated by a method such as measuring with a measuring device.

  However, the visual depth value tends to be deeper than the actual depth, which is not always accurate, and the method (a) is dangerous when the wave swell is large. Can not.

  The draft gauge is a device that displays the water depth value based on the water pressure, but the displayed value is often different from the visual water depth value, and the method (b) is insufficient in terms of measurement accuracy. In the methods (b) and (c), when the wave undulation is large, there is a tendency to show a value deeper than the actual water depth due to a change in water pressure and a change in sea level.

  Patent Document 1 discloses a measuring device such as a draft using laser light as the method of (c), but this device is expensive, complicated in operation, and has wave undulations. If it is large, it tends to show a value deeper than the actual water depth. After all, in any method, the actual situation is that the inclination angle of the ship cannot be obtained simply and accurately.

  In addition, as a method of obtaining the inclination of the ship, the both ends of a long tube into which water has been injected are fixed vertically on both sides of the ship, the water level in the tube is measured, and the inclination is obtained from this measured value. is there. Since this method is measurement on the deck, the safety in operation is high. However, bubbles are likely to be generated in water, and measurement is impossible if bubbles remain in the tube.

  It is difficult to remove the bubbles that are once generated and retained in the water in the tube, and if bubbles exist in the tube, it is necessary to reinject water. When using a water-filled tube in a high-temperature environment, special care must be taken so that bubbles do not occur in the water. In the end, the technique using a water-filled tube seems simple, but the workability is poor.

JP 2007-333530 A

  In recent years, in view of the fact that it is required to accurately calculate the loading weight and unloading weight of raw materials on a dedicated ship, the present invention provides a simple method for determining the left and right inclination of a ship that is the basis for the above calculation. It is an object to accurately measure and accurately calculate the loading weight and the unloading weight.

  Furthermore, this invention makes it a subject to measure correctly the inclination of a building, a land, etc. other than the right-and-left inclination of a large ship by a simple method. And this invention aims at providing the inclination measuring apparatus which solves the said subject.

  Based on the premise of using a long transparent tube, the present inventors have intensively studied a method for easily and accurately measuring the left and right inclination of a large ship. As a result, (i) When a liquid that does not generate bubbles is injected and stored in a long transparent tube, and (ii) a liquid level measuring device that measures the liquid level is attached to both ends of the tube, And found that the inclination angle of large vessels can be measured accurately.

  This invention was made | formed based on the said knowledge, and the summary is as follows.

(1) A device for measuring the inclination of an object to be measured,
(A) a long transparent tube made of resin containing a liquid in which bubbles are not generated, leaving a space at both ends so that there are no bubbles, and
(B) a liquid level measuring device for measuring the liquid level of the liquid, attached to both ends of the long transparent tube;
An inclination measuring device comprising:

  (2) The inclination measuring device according to (1), wherein both ends of the long transparent tube are formed of a transparent straight tube.

  (3) The inclination measuring apparatus according to (1) or (2), wherein the long transparent tube includes open / close valves at both ends.

  (4) The inclination measuring apparatus according to any one of (1) to (3), wherein the long transparent tube is wound around a reel with two windings having a central portion as a stop.

  (5) The tilt measuring apparatus according to any one of (1) to (4), wherein the reel includes a holding member that holds an end of the liquid level measuring device and the long transparent tube. .

  (6) The inclination measuring device according to any one of (1) to (5), wherein a fixing member is attached to a lower end of the liquid level measuring device.

  (7) The inclination measuring device according to (6), wherein the fixing member is a magnet.

  According to the present invention, it is possible to accurately measure the left-right inclination of a large ship, and further the inclination of a building, a property, etc., by a simple method.

It is a figure which shows the measuring method of inclination taking a ship as an example. It is a figure which shows the one aspect | mode of the inclination measuring apparatus of this invention. (A) shows a front aspect, and (b) shows a side aspect. It is a figure which shows typically the aspect which fixed the liquid level measuring device perpendicularly on the deck surface. It is a figure which shows the usage condition of the inclination measuring apparatus shown in FIG. (A) shows the aspect of a measurement preparation stage, (b) shows the aspect at the time of a measurement.

  The present invention will be described with reference to the drawings.

  First, FIG. 1 shows a method for measuring inclination using a ship as an example. In the long transparent tube 2 made of resin, a liquid that does not generate bubbles is injected leaving a space at the end 2 '. A liquid level measuring device 3 for measuring the liquid level of the liquid is attached to the end 2 ′ of the tube 2.

  At the time of measurement, as shown in FIG. 1, the ends 2 ′ and 2 ′ of the long transparent tube 2 equipped with the liquid level measuring device 3 are placed on the side of the ship 1, and the zero point is at a height h from the deck surface 4. Place it so that it is located in

  If the ship 1 is horizontal, the liquid level 2a in the long transparent tube 2 on the starboard side and the liquid level 2b in the long transparent tube 2 on the port side are the same, but the starboard side of the ship 1 is lifted by d. (The port side of the ship is d-sunk), there is a difference of “2d” between the liquid level 2a in the long transparent tube 2 on the starboard side and the liquid level 2b in the long transparent tube 2 on the port side. Arise. This difference “2d” is measured, and the inclination angle θ is obtained from “d / ship width W”.

  The inclination angle θ is used to correct the amount of liquid in the liquid tank, and the difference “2d” is used to calculate the seaside water line.

  Since the measurement method shown in FIG. 1 uses the difference in liquid level caused by the inclination, it can be applied not only to ships but also to the measurement of the inclination angle of an inclined building or place.

  It is important to inject a “liquid that does not generate bubbles” into the long transparent tube 2 and store the liquid in the long transparent tube 2 so that no bubbles are present. This is one of the features of the present invention.

  If bubbles are present in the liquid, the tilt angle cannot be measured, so that it is necessary to remove the bubbles. However, if bubbles are present in the back of the long transparent tube 2, it is difficult to remove them.

  Drinking water, tap water, industrial water, and the like tend to generate bubbles at room temperature, particularly in a high temperature environment, and cannot be used as they are. Since the boiled water does not generate bubbles, it can be used even in a high temperature environment.

  That is, for example, if boiling water (liquid that does not generate bubbles) is injected and stored in a long transparent tube so that no bubbles are mixed during injection, it is not necessary to replace boiling water over a long period of time. You can measure immediately when you want.

  However, since boiling water may freeze in cold regions, it is preferable to use an antifreeze liquid in cold regions. In addition, when a colored liquid is used, it is easy to check the presence or absence of bubbles and to read the liquid level. Therefore, a colored liquid may be used.

  Here, FIG. 2 shows an aspect of the tilt measuring apparatus of the present invention. FIG. 2A shows a front aspect of the inclination measuring apparatus, and FIG. 2B shows a side aspect of the inclination measuring apparatus.

  A reel 7 having a handle 7 ′ is rotatably held on a gantry 6, and a resin-made long transparent tube 2 is wound around the reel 7 in two windings with a central portion as a stop. ing. In the long transparent tube 2, the colored boiling water 5 is poured into the liquid surface 2 c to a predetermined position of the end 2 ′, and is stored in a state where no bubbles are present inside.

  On the lower part of the end 2 'of the long transparent tube 2, an on-off valve 9 is disposed that is closed until just before measurement and is opened during measurement in order to prevent the boiling water 5 from swinging. In FIG. 2, the on-off valve 9 is closed.

  If the upper end 2 ′ of the on-off valve 9 is made of a transparent straight tube, the end 2 ′ of the long transparent tube 2 can be easily handled, and the measurement operation becomes easier.

  A flexible liquid level measuring device 3 is slidably attached to the end portion 2 ′ of the long transparent tube 2 with a fixture 10. This attachment may be fixed in some cases.

  The liquid level measuring device 3 is held by a holding member 8 provided on the gantry 6 together with the end 2 ′ of the long transparent tube 2. If the upper end 2 ′ of the open / close valve 9 is made of a transparent straight tube, the end 2 ′ of the long transparent tube 2 and the liquid level measuring device 3 can be held more stably.

  In addition, the liquid level measuring device 3 should just be provided with the scale, and can use a metal elongate scale.

  At the time of measurement, the lower end of the liquid level measuring device 3 is brought into contact with the deck surface, and the zero point is determined and measured. However, the liquid level measuring device 3 is shaken by the wave undulation and floats up from the deck surface, and the zero point is determined. Therefore, since the measurement accuracy may be impaired, it is preferable to attach a fixing member 3a, for example, a magnet to the lower end of the liquid level measuring device 3, and fix the liquid level measuring device 3 at the time of measurement.

  The fixing member 3a is preferably a suction cup that is in close contact with the floor surface when measuring the inclination of the building, and is preferably a protrusion that bites into the ground when measuring the inclination of the ground.

  In order to prevent air bubbles, rainwater and other foreign matters from entering the fixture 10 at the upper part of the end 2 'of the long transparent tube 2 from the downward tip 2 "of the end 2' of the long transparent tube 2, the tip 2" An opening / closing stopper 10a (for example, a rubber stopper) is attached to be extendable and retractable (see the dotted line in the figure for the closing). If both the opening / closing plug 10a and the opening / closing valve 9 are "closed", the inclination measuring device can be transported regardless of whether it is turned sideways or upside down.

  An elastic member 10b having a hook 10c at the tip is attached to the fixture 10 at the center of the end 2 ′ of the long transparent tube 2 in order to stabilize the tilt measuring device on the deck surface during measurement. It has been. At the time of non-measurement, the hook 10c may be hooked on the long transparent tube 2 in order to suppress the swing of the long transparent tube 2 not wound around the reel 7 and the swing of the hook 10c itself ( (Refer FIG.2 (b)).

  At the end 2 'of the long transparent tube 2, a foldable device fixing member 11 for fixing the tilt measuring device vertically on the deck surface at the time of measurement is provided with an upper fixture 10 and a central portion. Between the two fixtures 10.

  FIG. 3 schematically shows a mode in which the liquid level measuring device 3 is fixed vertically on the deck surface 4 for measurement. The device fixing member 11 is hung on the deck handrail 4a, the elastic member 10b is wound around the horizontal frame 4b of the deck handrail 4a, the hook 10c is hooked on the elastic member 10b and fixed, and the end 2 'of the long transparent tube 2 is fixed. It is fixed stably on the deck surface 4.

  FIG. 4 shows a usage mode of the inclination measuring apparatus shown in FIG. 2 taking a ship as an example. FIG. 4A shows an aspect of the measurement preparation stage, and FIG. 4B shows an aspect at the time of measurement.

  As shown in FIG. 4A, first, the inclination measuring device 12 ′ (refer to the dotted line in the figure) is placed near one heel side (the port side in the figure), and the liquid level measuring device 3 and the long transparent One set of the end portions 2 'of the tube 2 is fixed to the heel side handrail so that the zero point is at a height of h from the deck surface 4, and the other set is placed adjacent to the heel side handrail. At this time, a fixed set of on-off valves may be opened.

  Next, while carrying the inclination measuring device 12 to the center of the ship width (see the arrow in the figure), the long transparent tube 2 wound around the reel is unwound, and the center of the ship width is unwound. Place.

  Thereafter, as shown in FIG. 4 (b), the other set (the liquid level measuring device 3 and the end 2 ′ of the long transparent tube 2) placed on one heel side handrail is connected to the other side. Even if there is an installation object 12 on the deck to the heel side (starboard side in the figure), carry it over it and fix it to the heel side handrail so that the zero point is at the height of h from the deck surface 4 Is released.

  If the ship is tilted left and right, the tilt is measured as the difference 2d between the liquid levels 2a and 2b as described above. Thus, when the inclination measuring apparatus of the present invention is used, the right and left inclinations of the ship can be accurately measured by a simple method.

  Even when the wave swell is large, the liquid level on the left and right sides can be read accurately, so that the inclination angle of the ship can be calculated with high accuracy.

  Here, a method for calculating the unloading weight (or loading weight) from the inclination angle of the ship will be described.

  The depth (draft) sinking below the surface of the hull can be read from scales (six scales) displayed on the bow, center, and left and right of the stern. The scale represents the height from the keel on the bottom of the ship. Since the numbers of 10 cm in height are displayed at intervals of 10 cm, the position of the waterline can be read visually in units of cm.

  Since the amount of drainage (weight) varies depending on the draft of the ship, when the weight of the hull, fuel, drinking water, etc. is subtracted from the amount of drainage, the unloading weight (or loading weight) can be calculated.

  Before unloading (after loading), the position of the waterline is read and the amount of drainage (weight) A is calculated. After unloading (before loading), the amount of drainage (weight) B is calculated in the same way, Calculate the unloading weight (or loading weight).

  Calculate the weight before and after unloading (before unloading: a, after unloading: b) other than cargo such as fuel, drinking water, and ballast, and subtract from the total amount of drainage to accurately determine the unloading weight (or loading weight) calculate.

Specifically, it is calculated as follows:
(1) Before and after unloading, read the position of the waterline from the scales (six scales) displayed on the bow, center, and left and right of the stern, and calculate the average value of the waterline position.
(2) The amount of drainage (weight) corresponding to the above average value is obtained from the correspondence table of the amount of drainage (weight) of the ship and the position of the waterline.

(3) The amount of drainage (weight) obtained from the above correspondence table is corrected based on the draft difference (trim) at the fore and aft and the specific gravity of seawater. The amount of drainage (weight) B after loading is calculated.
(4) Grasp the weight of unloaded fuel and drinking water before and after unloading (weight before unloading: a, weight after unloading: b).

(5) Calculate the unloading weight (or loading weight) using the following formula.
Unloading weight (or loading weight) = (A−a) − (B−b)

  In order to accurately calculate the unloading weight (or loading weight), it is necessary to accurately read the positions of the water lines before and after unloading at the six positions of the bow, the center, and the stern.

  Usually, the position of the waterline at the quay side bow, center, and stern can be accurately read, and the difference between viewers (measurers) is small, but the sea side bow, center, and stern. In addition to being visually observed from the sea, the position of the waterline in Japan is affected by the ocean waves and wave swells, so it is difficult to read accurately and often varies greatly depending on the viewer (measurer).

  In particular, if the ship is tilted to the left and right, and sometimes back and forth, it is necessary to accurately read the position of the waterline on the quay side and the sea side, but even if the position of the waterline on the quay side is accurately read, If the reading of the position of the water line differs depending on the viewer (measurer), the unloading weight (or loading weight) cannot be calculated accurately.

  If the inclination measuring device of the present invention is used, the inclination angle of the ship can be accurately measured, so if the position of the waterline on the quay side is accurately read, the position of the seaside waterline is determined based on the accurate inclination angle. As a result, it is possible to accurately calculate the unloading weight (or loading weight).

  Next, examples of the present invention will be described. The conditions of the examples are one example of conditions adopted for confirming the feasibility and effects of the present invention, and the present invention is limited to this one example of conditions. Is not to be done. The present invention can adopt various conditions as long as the object of the present invention is achieved without departing from the gist of the present invention.

(Example 1)
About the large ore carrier A which touched the unloading quay of K steelworks, the position of the seaside water line was measured by the conventional method (visual observation from the sea side). Table 1 shows the work time required for the visual work for each work process.

  When measuring the seaside waterline from the seaside, in order to ensure the accuracy of the readings, four viewers (measurers) usually get on the boat and each person reads it visually. As is clear from Table 1, this work starts with the arrangement of the boat, and the total work time required to move to the ship to determine the seaside waterline position is 205 minutes (≈3.42 hours). ).

  Next, the inclination angle before and after the unloading of the large ore carrier A which is in contact with the unloading quay of the K steel works was measured using the inclination measuring apparatus shown in FIG.

  Table 2 shows the work time required for the measurement for each work process.

  The total work time required for the measurement is 24 minutes. The position of the waterline on the quay side can be accurately read from the quay, so if the inclination measuring device of the present invention is used, the position of the seaside waterline is calculated 24 minutes after reading the position of the waterline on the quay side. can do.

  As is clear from the comparison of the total work time, the position of the seaside waterline can be determined in a very short time by using the inclination measuring device of the present invention.

(Example 2)
Four people (A, B, C, D) using the conventional method (observation from the sea side) for the position of the waterline at the center of the sea side after unloading of the large ore carrier B that touches the unloading quay of the K Steel Works Table 3 shows the results of reading with.

  Moreover, the position of the waterline in the center of the sea side after unloading of the large ore carrier C coming in contact with the unloading quay of the K Steel Works is determined by using the inclination measuring device of the present invention for four persons (A, B, C, D ) And was calculated based on the liquid level read in step 1). The results are shown in Table 4.

  According to the conventional method (viewing from the sea), the position of the seaside water line differs by a maximum of 10 cm, but when the inclination measuring device of the present invention is used, the difference in the position of the seaside waterline is 0 at the maximum. .3 cm. That is, it can be understood that the position of the waterline can be measured accurately and simply by using the inclination measuring device of the present invention.

  The difference in the measurement position of the waterline greatly affects the calculated value of the unloading weight as shown below.

(1) In the case of the conventional method (see Table 3)
The unloading weight Z _A ′ (t) in the case of A waterline reading: 9 m 90 cm can be calculated as follows.
Unloading weight Z _A '= (Weight at arrival [t] −Weight other than cargo [t]) − (Weight calculated from 9 m 90 cm [t] −Weight other than cargo [t]) = 165,410 [t] −82,814 [t] = 82,596 [t]

The reading weight _C : The unloading weight Z _C ′ (t) in the case of 9 m80 cm can be calculated as follows.
Unloading weight Z _C '= (Weight at arrival [t] −Weight other than cargo [t]) − (Weight calculated from 9 m80 cm [t] −Weight other than cargo [t]) = 165,410 [t] −81,812 [t] = 83,598 [t]
Unloading weight Z _C ′ −Unloading weight Z _A ′ = 83,598 [t] −82,596 [t]
= 1,002 [t]

  It can be seen that if the reading of the waterline differs by 10 cm, a difference of about 1,000 t occurs in the calculated unloading weight. Thus, the unloading weight calculated based on the visual reading of the position of the waterline has a large error and is not accurate.

(2) In the case of the present invention (see Table 4)
A draft value of A: Unloading weight Z _A (t) in the case of 8 m68.2 cm can be calculated as follows.
Unloading weight Z _A = (Weight at arrival [t] −Weight other than cargo [t]) − (Weight [t] calculated from 8m68.2 cm 2 −Weight [t] other than cargo) = 224,063 [t ] −27,609 [t] = 196,454 [t]

Calculated value of the draft of D: Unloading weight Z _C (t) in the case of 8 m68.5 cm can be calculated as follows.
Unloading weight Z _D = (Weight at arrival [t] −Weight other than cargo [t]) − (Weight calculated from 6m68.5 cm [t] −Weight other than cargo [t]) = 224,063 [t -27,570 [t] = 196,493 [t]
Unloading weight Z _D -Unloading weight Z _A = 196,493 [t] -196,454 [t]
= 39 [t]

  Since the difference in the calculated value of the water line is as small as 0.3 cm, the difference in the calculated unloading weight is as small as 39 t, which is highly accurate.

  As described above, by using the inclination measuring device of the present invention, it is possible to easily measure the inclination of the ship simply and accurately calculate the unloading weight (or loading weight).

  As described above, according to the present invention, it is possible to accurately measure the inclination of a ship, and further, the inclination of a building, a place, etc. by a simple method, and accurately calculate an unloading weight (or loading weight). Can do. Thus, the present invention is not limited to the shipping industry, but is highly usable in the construction industry, the earthwork industry, and the like.

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Ship 2 Long transparent tube 2 'End of long transparent tube 2 "Downward tip 2a, 2b Liquid level 2c Liquid level 3 Liquid level measuring device 3a Fixing member 4 Deck surface 4a Deck handrail 4b Horizontal frame 5 Boiling water 6 Base 7 Reel 7 'Handle 8 Holding member 9 Opening / closing valve 10 Mounting tool 10a Opening / closing stopper 10b Telescopic member 10c Hook 11 Device fixing member 12 Inclination measuring device 12' Inclination measuring device 13 Installation object d Depth of floating on h side h Zero height W Ship width

Claims (7)

An apparatus for measuring the inclination of an object to be measured,
(A) a long transparent tube made of resin containing a liquid in which bubbles are not generated, leaving a space at both ends so that there are no bubbles, and
(B) a liquid level measuring device for measuring the liquid level of the liquid, attached to both ends of the long transparent tube;
An inclination measuring device comprising:   The both ends of the said long transparent tube are comprised with the transparent straight tube, The inclination measuring apparatus of Claim 1 characterized by the above-mentioned.   The inclination measuring apparatus according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the long transparent tube includes an open / close valve at both ends.   The inclination measuring apparatus according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the long transparent tube is wound around a reel with two windings having a central portion as a stop.   The tilt measuring apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the reel includes a holding member that holds an end of the liquid level measuring device and the long transparent tube.   The inclination measuring apparatus according to any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein a fixing member is attached to a lower end of the liquid level measuring device.   The inclination measuring apparatus according to claim 6, wherein the fixing member is a magnet.

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