JP2011136483A - Method and apparatus for calculation of flow resistance of porous material - Google Patents

Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To develop an apparatus capable of measuring flowing behavior of a fluid in a porous material, establish a method of modeling a porous material allowing prediction of the flowing behavior with high precision in a short time and enable calculation of a flow resistance. <P>SOLUTION: The apparatus is so constituted as to reduce the pressure of a die sandwiching a porous material, inject a fluid into the porous material from outside of the die and measure the flowing behavior, e.g. a flowing area, an arrival time or a flowing distance of a fluid, by visualization measurement using a die made of a transparent material or detection of an arrival of a fluid with a pressure sensor arranged on the surface of the die. As an analytical model, the porous material having a fine structure is modeled as a porous body consisting of two or more circular tubes, and a flow resistance of a porous body capable of reproducing the flowing behavior of the fluid in the porous material, measured by the apparatus, within a predetermined error range is determined. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2011,JPO&amp;INPIT

Description

The present invention relates to a resin-impregnated molding technology for a porous body composed of a solid member such as mica or glass fiber and a gap between the members. The present invention relates to a measurement apparatus, an analytical modeling method of a porous body in three-dimensional flow analysis that can reproduce the measured flow behavior, a flow resistance value calculation method of the porous body, and an apparatus thereof.

  Apparatus for measuring flow behavior of resin material in porous body during impregnation molding of porous body, analytical modeling method of porous body in three-dimensional flow analysis that can reproduce the measured flow behavior, and flow resistance of porous body As conventional techniques related to a value calculation method, there are those described in Patent Documents 1 to 3.

  Patent Document 1 is an invention of a device and a method for measuring a liquid development speed of a porous body, and a method and an apparatus for measuring a liquid development speed by image processing by imaging a situation in which a measurement liquid flows from a liquid reservoir to a porous body. Is described.

  Patent Document 2 is an invention related to a resin flow control method and apparatus in an RTM (Resin Transfer Molding) molding method. The flow front is detected by a number of flow sensors arranged on the inner surface of a mold, and a predetermined optimum flow pattern is obtained. A method and apparatus for controlling the pressure and temperature of the infusion device to approach is described.

  Patent Document 3 is an invention of a method for monitoring the state of liquid impregnation and a method for manufacturing an FRP structure. The electrodes are provided on both sides of the substrate, and the electrical characteristics of the electric circuit are measured to monitor the position of liquid impregnation. A method and apparatus are described.

JP 2009-52931 A JP 2003-39479 A JP 2007-47067 A

A method of impregnating a porous material with resin is used for a stator coil insulating layer of a generator or an electric motor, a blade of a wind power generator, or the like. This impregnated molded product has features of light weight and high strength, and its application has been expanded to airplane casings.

  The problem with resin impregnation molding in porous materials is the gap between the solid material such as mica and glass fiber, and there is no method for predicting the flow behavior of the resin in the porous material with a fine structure. This means that the trial period of resin impregnation molding is long and the trial cost is high.

  Here, when the flow behavior of a porous body is predicted by fluid analysis, if the porous body having a fine structure is directly modeled, there is a problem that the calculation time becomes long.

  For this reason, it is necessary to develop an apparatus for measuring fluid flow behavior in porous media that can predict the flow behavior. Furthermore, the impregnation molding simulation that can predict the impregnation molding behavior with high accuracy and in a short time by establishing the modeling method of the porous material in the fluid analysis that can reproduce the measured value of the flow behavior with a certain error and the calculation of the flow resistance value. Technology needs to be built.

  In any of the above prior arts, the resin injection direction is the plane direction of the porous body, and no method for simultaneously measuring the flow behavior in the plane direction and the thickness direction of the porous body is described. In addition, there is no description of a method for calculating the flow resistance value of the porous body from the obtained measurement data.

  The object of the present invention is to measure the flow behavior of the resin material in the porous body when the porous body is impregnated and molded by impregnation molding simulation that enables prediction of the fluid flow behavior in the porous body. The present invention is to provide a method and apparatus for calculating a flow resistance value of a porous body using a method for modeling a porous body in a three-dimensional flow analysis that can reproduce the above, a method for calculating a flow resistance value of a porous body, and a device therefor.

In order to achieve the above object, in the present invention, an apparatus for calculating the flow resistance value by measuring the flow behavior of a fluid flowing through a porous test body is formed by a pair of optically transparent plates. A pair of plates of a measurement sample sandwiched from above and below, a container means for placing the measurement sample inside, an exhaust means for evacuating the inside of the container means, and a measurement sample placed inside the container means Fluid supply means for supplying fluid to the test body sandwiched from above and below, imaging means for imaging the test specimen of the measurement sample installed inside the container means, and fluid inside the container means exhausted by the exhaust means And processing means for processing the image obtained by imaging with the imaging means the state in which the fluid supplied to the measurement sample by the supply means flows through the test specimen and determining the flow resistance value of the specimen.

  In order to achieve the above object, according to the present invention, an apparatus for measuring a flow resistance value by measuring a flow behavior of a fluid flowing through a porous test body is used to form a pair of optically transparent test bodies. A measurement sample sandwiched and adhered from above and below by a plate material, an exhaust means for exhausting the inside of the measurement sample to a vacuum, and a fluid supply means for supplying fluid to a test body sandwiched from above and below by a pair of plate materials of the measurement sample; Imaging means for imaging the test specimen of the measurement sample, and processing the image obtained by imaging the state in which the fluid supplied by the fluid supply means flows through the test specimen inside the measurement sample exhausted by the exhaust means And a processing means for obtaining the flow resistance value of the test body.

  Then, the processing means in the present invention creates an analysis model in which the porous body is a porous body made up of a plurality of circular pipes, and obtains the flow resistance value of the test body from the image obtained by imaging. The flow behavior of the fluid was measured, and the flow resistance value of the porous body capable of reproducing the measured value within a certain error range was obtained as the flow resistance value of the test body.

  Furthermore, in order to achieve the above object, according to the present invention, in the method of calculating the flow resistance value by measuring the flow behavior of the fluid flowing through the porous test body, it is arranged so as to surround the periphery of the test body. The inside of the measurement sample formed by sandwiching a member having an opening in the part and a test body surrounded by this member in close contact with each other with a pair of optically transparent plates is evacuated to vacuum. A fluid is supplied to the test specimen inside the evacuated measurement sample, the state in which the fluid flows through the specimen supplied with the fluid is imaged, and the flow resistance value of the specimen is obtained by processing the image obtained by imaging. I did it.

  Then, to determine the flow resistance value of the specimen, an analytical model is created in which the porous body is a porous body composed of a plurality of circular tubes, and the flow behavior of the fluid in the porous body is measured from the image obtained by imaging. Then, the flow resistance value of the porous body that can reproduce the measured value within a certain error range is obtained as the flow resistance value of the test body.

  According to the present invention, a highly reliable impregnation molding simulation using a flow resistance value of a porous body capable of reproducing a measured value of a flow behavior of a fluid in a porous body within a certain error range becomes possible. It is possible to predict the fluid flow behavior in the laboratory and shorten the trial production period and the trial production cost.

It is the perspective view which decomposed | disassembled and showed the metal mold | die for the flow behavior measurement of the creeping and penetration direction by visualization in 1st Example. It is a block diagram which shows the general | schematic structure of the flow behavior measuring apparatus of a creeping direction and a penetration direction in a 1st Example. It is a front view of the operation screen of flow area calculation in the 1st example. It is a flowchart of the flow area calculation in a 1st Example. It is a front view of the operation screen of flow resistance value calculation in the 1st example. It is a flowchart of the flow resistance value calculation in a 1st Example. It is a front view of the output screen of flow resistance value calculation in the 1st example. It is a graph which shows the comparison result of the analysis value of a flow area in a 1st Example, and a measured value. It is the perspective view which decomposed | disassembled and showed the metal mold | die for the flow behavior measurement of the creeping direction and the penetration direction by visualization in 2nd Example. It is a block diagram which shows the general | schematic structure of the flow behavior measuring apparatus of a creeping direction and a penetration direction in a 2nd Example. It is the perspective view which decomposed | disassembled and showed the metal mold | die for the flow behavior measurement of the creeping direction and the penetration direction by visualization in the 3rd Example. It is a block diagram which shows the general | schematic structure of the flow behavior measuring apparatus of the creeping direction and a penetration direction in a 3rd Example.

In the present invention, fluid is injected from the outside of the vacuum container into the mold sandwiched with the porous body in the decompression container, or the fluid is injected into the mold sandwiched with the porous body having a decompression mechanism. The present invention relates to an apparatus and a method for measuring the flow behavior of a fluid in a porous body.

  In the present invention, the flow behavior of the fluid in the porous body (the flow area of the fluid, or the flow of the fluid by the visualization measurement using a mold made of a transparent material or the detection of the fluid arrival by the pressure sensor installed on the mold surface). Using data obtained by measuring fluid arrival time or fluid flow distance) and an analysis model of impregnation molding simulation in which a porous body having a fine structure is modeled as a porous body composed of a plurality of circular pipes, Determine the flow resistance value of the porous body that can reproduce the measured values of the fluid flow behavior (fluid flow area, fluid arrival time, fluid flow distance, etc.) in the porous body determined from the measured data within a certain error range. I tried to do it.

  Depending on the structure of the porous body, the flow behavior may be different between the penetration direction in which the flow dimension of the resin in the porous body is the smallest and the creeping direction orthogonal to the penetration direction. In this case, the flow behavior of the fluid in the penetration direction and the creeping direction is measured at the same time in the measuring device, and in the impregnation molding simulation, the flow resistance value is expressed as a function of the fluid viscosity and the cross-sectional resistance value, The flow resistance value unique to the cross section can be set independently for each direction.

  Hereinafter, embodiments according to the present invention will be described with reference to the accompanying drawings.

  First, a description will be given of a mold 100 for measuring the flow behavior in the laminar and penetrating directions by visualization with reference to FIG.

  The measurement mold 100 includes an upper mold 2, a lower mold 5, a porous body 3, and a spacer 4.

  The upper mold 2 has a fluid injection hole 1 and is formed of a transparent material that transmits visible light. The lower mold 5 is also made of a transparent material, and the porous body 3 is sandwiched between the upper mold 2 and the lower mold 5, and the upper mold 2 and the lower mold 5 are clamped to be porous. The body 3 is fixed in close contact with the upper mold 2 and the lower mold 5. For the porous body 3, a structure having mica, glass fiber or the like as a solid member and having a fine gap between the members is used. Use screws or the like for the clamp.

  As the transparent material for the upper mold 2 and the lower mold 5, an organic material such as acrylic or polycarbonate, or an inorganic material such as glass can be used.

  When it is necessary to adjust the thickness of the porous body 3, the thickness of the porous body 3 is adjusted by adjusting the thickness of the spacer 4 sandwiched between the upper mold 2 and the lower mold 5. Thereby, the compression rate of a porous body can be adjusted arbitrarily. The spacer 4 is provided with an opening 6 for decompression. The inside of the porous body 3 is depressurized by evacuating the space surrounded by the spacer 4, the upper mold 2 and the lower mold 5 from the opening 6 using a vacuum pump (see FIG. 2).

  Next, an apparatus 200 for measuring the flow behavior of the porous body in the laminating and penetrating directions will be described with reference to FIG.

  The flow behavior measuring apparatus 200 includes a pressure reducing container 10 and a vacuum pump 11 in which the flow behavior measuring mold 100 described in FIG. 1 is disposed, a pair of upper and lower video cameras 12-1 and 12-2, and a fluid injection valve. 13, a decompression valve 14, a tube 15 for allowing the injection liquid 9 to flow from the outside of the decompression container 10 into the measurement mold 100 disposed inside the decompression container 10 from the fluid inlet 1, a pair of support bases 16, A pair of blocks 18, a control unit 210, and a processing unit 220 are provided.

  The decompression container 10 and the vacuum pump 11 are connected by a vacuum pipe 17, and a decompression valve 14 is attached in the middle of the vacuum pipe 17 to open and close the exhaust path between the decompression container 10 and the vacuum pump 11. .

  The fluid injection valve 13 is controlled by the control unit 210 to control the amount of the injection liquid 9 supplied into the tube 15 flowing into the measurement mold 100 disposed inside the decompression vessel 10.

  The upper surface 10-1 and the lower surface 10-2 of the decompression vessel 10 are formed of a material that transmits visible light. The decompression vessel 10 is placed on a pair of blocks 18, and the porous body 3 accommodated in the measurement mold 100 by the video camera 12-1 from above the decompression vessel 10 through the upper surface 10-1 of the decompression vessel 10. The upper surface of is imaged. Further, the lower surface of the porous body 3 housed in the measurement mold 100 is imaged by the video camera 12-2 from below the decompression vessel 10 through the lower surface 10-2 of the decompression vessel 10.

The processing unit 220 includes an input / output unit 224 including a storage unit 221, an image processing unit 222, a calculation unit 223, and a display screen 225.
Next, an operation method of the flow behavior measuring apparatus 200 will be described.
First, the video cameras 12-1 and 12-2 are installed above and below the decompression vessel 10 so that the entire area of the porous body 3 falls within the field of view. When the porous body 3 is thick and dense and there is a large difference in the flow in the creeping direction and the penetration direction, imaging is performed using the video cameras 12-1 and 12-2. The synchronization between the two video cameras 12-1 and 12-2 is controlled by the control unit 210.

  Next, the fluid injection valve 13 installed in the middle of the tube 15 connected to the fluid injection hole 1 of the mold 100 in a state where the mold 100 for measuring the flow behavior is installed on the support 16 in the decompression vessel 10. Close. In this state, the injection fluid 9 is poured into the tube 15 from the outside of the decompression vessel 10 and is stopped by the fluid injection valve 13 in the tube 15.

  Next, an instruction is issued from the control unit 210, the decompression valve 14 is opened, the vacuum pump 11 is started, and the inside of the decompression vessel 10 is evacuated. The pressure value inside the decompression vessel 10 is read by the vacuum gauge 8 attached to the decompression vessel 10, the output of the vacuum gauge 8 is monitored by the control unit 210, and when the set value is reached, the decompression valve 15 is closed and the vacuum pump 11 turn off the switch. The set value of the vacuum gauge 8 is desirably 50 kPa or less. At this time, the inside of the measurement mold 100 is exhausted from the opening 6, and the pressure is almost the same as the inside of the decompression vessel 10. In this state, the video cameras 12-1 and 12-2 are operated to start recording of the porous body 3.

  Next, an instruction is issued from the control unit 210, the fluid injection valve 13 is opened, and the injection fluid 9 is injected from the tube 15 into the measurement mold 100 through the fluid injection port 1. From the video data 12-1 and 12-2 taken with the video cameras 12-1 and 12-2 and the start of recording, the fluid injection valve 13 is opened and the measurement fluid of the injection fluid 9 is measured. The time until the injection into the mold 100 is completed is stored in the storage unit 221 via the control unit 210.

  Here, the injection fluid 9 can be injected into the measurement mold 100 in a pressurized state by attaching a pressurization mechanism (not shown) to the tube 15. The injection fluid 9 can be an organic material such as colored water or epoxy resin.

  In the above, an example of moving image shooting from two locations has been shown, but the present invention is not limited to this, and can be realized by recording one or more moving images or still image shooting.

  Next, an example of a method for calculating the flow area at each time from moving image data photographed by the video cameras 12-1 and 12-2 will be described with reference to FIG.

  The calculation of the flow area functions when the image processing unit 222 executes software having the operation configuration shown in FIG.

  The image processing unit 222 of the processing unit 220 executes calculation according to the flowchart shown in FIG. After the result is stored in the storage unit 221, the result is displayed on the display screen 225 of the input / output unit 224.

  Although not shown, the input / output unit 224 is naturally provided with an input device such as a keyboard and a mouse.

Next, the flow area at each time is calculated from the moving image data according to the flowchart of FIG.
First, as a preparation stage, a display 301 for prompting the operator to display the recorded moving image data is displayed on the display screen 225, and these data are read from the storage unit 221. Further, the display screen 225 displays a display 302 that prompts the operator to input the measurement time from the start of recording of the video cameras 12-1 and 12-2 to the opening of the fluid injection valve 13 and the division time into still images. Then, these data are received from the input / output unit 224, and the image processing unit 222 creates still image data for each specified time from the moving image. The created still image data is stored in the storage unit 221.

  This completes the preparation stage, and data processing is then performed according to the flow shown in FIG. In order to simplify the explanation, the fluid flow behavior in the porous body 3 is a penetration direction (thickness direction of the porous body 3) and a layering direction (of the porous body 3) perpendicular to the penetration direction. (Direction along the surface) is assumed to be the same.

  First, one piece of still image data before injection stored in the storage unit 221 is selected and displayed on the display screen 225 to prompt the operator to read it on the software, and this data is received from the input / output unit 224. (S101).

  Next, a display 304 that prompts the operator to display the size of one pixel of the still image read in step 101 on the software is displayed on the display screen 225, and this data is received from the input / output unit 224 (S102). .

  In addition, one post-injection still image data stored in the storage unit 221 is selected and displayed on the display screen 225 to prompt the operator to read it on the software, and this data is input from the input / output unit 224. Accept (S103).

  Next, difference image data between the brightness values of the still image data before injection read in step S101 and the still image data after injection read in step 103 is created, and a difference image display 306 is designated on the display screen 225. The difference image thus created is output to the image display area 320 of the display screen 225 (S104). By using the difference image, the luminance value is zero in the region other than the fluid that has not changed before the injection, and therefore, the fluid region in which the luminance value is greater than zero can be clearly represented.

  Next, a display 307 prompting the operator to input the threshold value of the brightness value is displayed on the display screen 225 for the difference image data created in step S104, and this data is received from the input / output unit 224 (S105). ). Based on the threshold value input in the image processing unit 222, an image in which only the fluid region is extracted is created, and the fluid region display 308 is instructed on the display screen 225, and is output to the image display region 320 of the display screen 225.

  Next, a display 309 for prompting the operator is displayed on the display screen 225 so as to count the number of pixels of the image of only the flow region created in step S105, and this data is received from the input / output unit 224 (S106). In the image processing unit 222, the size of one pixel calculated in step 102 is substituted, and the flow area is calculated and stored in the storage unit 221.

Next, a display 310 for prompting the operator is displayed on the display screen 225 so as to count the number of uncalculated still image data, and this data is received from the input / output unit 224 (S107). When the number of uncalculated still image data is zero, the calculation is terminated (S108). On the other hand, if the number of uncalculated still image data is not zero, the process returns to step 103, the still image data after the next injection is selected, and the operations of steps 104 to 107 are repeated.
Although the example of the calculation method of the flow area has been described above, the present invention is not limited to this, and the fluid arrival time and the fluid flow distance can also be obtained.

  In the above description of the flow, the process is a process in which the process is advanced on the display screen 225 in an interactive manner. However, the present invention is not limited to this, and a series of processes are automatically performed without performing an input from the display screen 225. It is also possible to do this.

  A method of obtaining the flow resistance value of the porous body from the simulation using the flow area time, fluid arrival time, or fluid flow distance obtained by executing the processing flow shown in FIG. 4 will be described.

  The calculation of the flow resistance value has the operation configuration shown in FIG. 5 and functions when the software having the flow of FIG. 6 is executed.

  In the model shape creation step S201, a display 501 for prompting the operator to construct an analysis model is displayed on the display screen 225, and the analysis target model input from the input / output unit 224 is identified, that is, the gold of the flow behavior measuring device. The mold and the shape data of the porous body are constructed on software in the calculation unit 223.

  Next, in step S202 for creating a three-dimensional solid element, a display 502 for prompting the operator to create a finite element shape is displayed on the display screen 225. Based on an instruction input from the input / output unit 224, the calculation unit 223 performs step S201. The model shape created in the step is decomposed into a plurality of specific spaces (three-dimensional solid finite elements), and shape data of each finite element is created.

Next, in the physical property value input step S203 of the fluid, a display 503 prompting the operator to input the density and viscosity, which are the physical property values of the fluid to be injected, is displayed on the display screen 225, and these are input from the input / output unit 224. Accept data. When resin is used as the fluid, a viscosity equation (Equation 1) that is a function of time is input. Where η; viscosity, η ₀ ; initial viscosity, t; time, T; temperature, A, t _g ;

  Next, in the boundary condition input step S204, the operator is requested to input boundary conditions such as fluid pressure, pressure in the mold, and mold temperature when the fluid flows into the three-dimensional solid element. A display 504 for prompting is displayed on the display screen 225, and these data are received from the input / output unit 224.

  Next, in the set value input step S205, the set value of the error between the measured value of the flow area, fluid arrival time, or fluid flow distance stored in the steps S101 to S108 in FIG. 4 and the analysis value is input. In addition, a display 505 prompting the operator is displayed on the display screen 225, and these data are received from the input / output unit 224.

  Next, in the cross-section specific resistance value input step S206 for defining the flow resistance value of the porous body, a display 506 for prompting the operator to input the cross-section specific resistance value of the porous body is displayed. The data is displayed on the display screen 225, and these data are received from the input / output unit 224.

  In step S207, the flow resistance value is calculated by (Expression 2) as a function of the viscosity and the inherent resistance value of the cross section. Here, K: Flow resistance value, η: Viscosity, t: Time, T: Temperature, β: Cross section specific resistance value.

β can be set independently in three directions orthogonal to each other, and by defining this value, the flow resistance value in each direction at each time and at each temperature can be defined.

  In addition, the flow resistance force per unit volume specified from the flow resistance value acts in the direction opposite to the flow direction, and can be expressed by (Equation 3). Here, ρ is the fluid density, K is the flow resistance value, t is the time, T is the temperature, and u is the flow velocity.

  In step S208, a display 507 for prompting the operator to start the flow analysis is displayed on the display screen 225, and an instruction is received by the calculation unit 223. Based on this instruction, a continuous formula (Expression 4) stored in the storage unit 221 is received. ) And equation of motion (Equation 5), and the fluid density, viscosity, fluid pressure, pressure inside the mold, mold temperature, and cross section specific resistance values that have been accepted so far are substituted, and the injected fluid flows. Calculate the velocity, pressure, density, viscosity, flow volume, flow area, flow distance, and fluid arrival time at any position. Where u: flow velocity, ρ: fluid density, P: pressure, η: viscosity, G: gravity acceleration, β: cross-sectional resistance, t: time, T: temperature.

  In the above, calculations using (Equation 4) and (Equation 5) were performed, but thermal calculation can also be performed simultaneously using the energy equation.

  In step S209, the operator is prompted to input the measurement value of the flow area for each hour calculated using image processing from the flow behavior measurement device stored in steps S101 to S108 in FIG. A display 508 for prompting is displayed on the display screen 225, and these data are received from the input / output unit 224.

  In step S210, a display 509 prompting the operator to determine convergence is displayed on the display screen 225, an instruction is received from the input / output unit 224, and the flow area at each time obtained from the flow analysis stored in step S208, or an arbitrary The difference between the fluid arrival time at the position or the fluid flow distance per hour and the measured flow area input at step S209 or the fluid arrival time at any position or the measured value of the fluid flow distance per time is less than the set value In such a case, the calculation is terminated (S211), and the obtained flow resistance value is stored in the storage unit 221. On the other hand, when it becomes larger than the set value, the process returns to step S206, the resistance value peculiar to the cross section is reset, and the calculation is repeated until it becomes equal to or less than the set value.

  It should be noted that a function including a resin reaction rate or a shear rate can be used as the viscosity equation (Equation 1) input in step S203, and a constant viscosity can be calculated.

  The flow resistance value K calculated in step S210 is the product of the viscosity η and the cross-section specific coefficient β. However, the present invention is not limited to this and includes at least the viscosity η and the cross-section specific coefficient β. It can be an arbitrary function, including shear rate.

  The inherent resistance value and the flow resistance value determined by the above-described flow resistance value calculation method are output as calculation results as shown in displays 701 and 702 in FIG.

  When the calculation is completed, a display 510 prompting the operator to output the result is displayed on the display screen 225, an instruction is received from the input / output unit 224, and the calculation result is displayed on the image display unit 520 of the display screen 225.

As an example of the result of this calculation, the derivation of the flow resistance value when a glass cloth is used for the porous body is shown below. Two glass cloths (width: 140 mm, length: 140 mm, thickness: 0.145 mm, density: 1.02 g / cm) were stacked on the lower mold, and the upper mold was placed and fixed. Since there was no significant difference in the flow area between the upper and lower surfaces, the resistance value β specific to the cross section in (Equation 2) was set to the same value in both the creeping direction and the penetration direction. The experiment using the flow behavior measuring device was performed at room temperature (25 ° C), and the fluid used was colored water (density; 0.99705 g / cm ³ , viscosity; 0.00089 Pa · s). Depressurization was performed under two conditions of 0.25 atm (atm) and 0.75 atm. The set value of the error between the measured value of the flow area and the analysis value is 5% or less, and as a result of repeated calculations, the cross-section specific resistance value β = 2.9 × 10 ⁶ cm / g, the flow resistance value K = 2.6 × 10 ⁴ 1 / It became s.

  FIG. 8 shows a comparison between an actual measurement value and an analysis value of the flow area obtained by photographing from the lower surface of the measurement mold 100 with the video camera 12-2. The solid line and broken line in the figure represent the change in flow area when the flow resistance value determined by calculation is introduced. The solid line is the analysis value when the vessel pressure is 0.25 atm and the broken line is 0.75 atm. On the other hand, the plot points are the actual values of the flow area obtained from the flow behavior measurement device, the diamond points are the results when the pressure in the container is 0.25 atm, and the triangle points are 0.75 atm.

  In the above, although the example using colored water was shown, this invention is not limited only to this, Polymer materials, such as an epoxy and a phenol, can be used for a fluid.

  In the above, glass cloth is used for the porous body, but the present invention is not limited to this, and laminated mica, peeled mica, and the like can also be used.

  In the above, an example in which the fluid viscosity is constant using colored water has been shown. However, the present invention is not limited to this, and a viscosity change equation of an arbitrary fluid can also be used.

  In the above embodiment, for simplicity of explanation, the fluid flow behavior in the porous body 3 is the penetration direction (porous direction of the porous body 3) and the penetration direction (porous) perpendicular to the penetration direction. The case where processing is performed using an image captured by either the video camera 12-1 or 12-2 is described as being the same in the direction along the surface of the material 3). However, depending on the structure of the porous body 3, the penetration direction (thickness direction of the porous body 3) in which the fluid flow dimension in the porous body 3 is the smallest and the formation direction (porous) perpendicular to the penetration direction. The flow behavior may differ in the direction along the surface of the mass 3. In this case, from the image of the measurement apparatus 200 simultaneously measuring the upper and lower surfaces of the porous body by the video cameras 12-1 and 12-2, the image is taken by the video camera 12-2 from the penetration direction (from the direction of the lower mold 5). Image) and the flow behavior of the fluid in the creeping direction (image captured by the video camera 12-1 from the direction of the upper mold 2) are measured simultaneously, and the flow resistance value is measured in the impregnation molding simulation. Can be expressed as a function of the viscosity of the fluid and the resistance value specific to the cross section, and the resistance value specific to the cross section can be set independently for each direction.

  According to the present embodiment, the inside of the measurement mold can be easily depressurized simply by installing the measurement mold in the decompression vessel, and the fluid flow behavior in the porous body 3 can be easily observed. As a result, the flow behavior of the fluid in the porous body can be obtained accurately in a short time by simulation, and the design and development period can be shortened.

  In the first embodiment, the measurement mold 100 is installed inside the decompression vessel 10 and the inside of the decompression vessel 10 is evacuated, but in this embodiment, the decompression vessel 10 is not used. The vacuum evacuation means was directly attached to the measurement mold 900. The configuration is shown in FIG. 9 and FIG.

  In the configuration shown in FIG. 9, the measurement mold 900 includes an upper mold 92 provided with a fluid injection hole 91, a lower mold 95, a porous body 93, a spacer 94, and a vacuum gauge 97. The point that the vacuum gauge 97 is directly attached to the spacer 94 is different from the case of the first embodiment.

  In the present embodiment, as in the first embodiment, the upper mold 92 and the lower mold 95 are formed of a transparent material that transmits visible light. Further, the porous body 93 is the same as that of the first embodiment in that mica, glass fiber or the like is used as a solid member and a structure having a fine gap between the members is used.

Next, the structure of the flow behavior measuring apparatus 1000 in the present embodiment is shown in FIG. The difference from the configuration shown in FIG. 2 described in the first embodiment is that there is no decompression vessel 10 and the exhaust pipe 1017 connected to the vacuum pump 11 is directly connected to the opening 96 of the spacer 94 of the measurement mold 900. Is a point.
Other configurations, operations, and flow analysis procedures are the same as those in the first embodiment, and a description thereof will be omitted.

  According to the present embodiment, the inside of the measurement mold can be decompressed without using a large decompression vessel, and the fluid flow behavior in the porous body 3 can be easily observed. As a result, the flow behavior of the fluid in the porous body can be obtained accurately in a short time by simulation, and the design and development period can be shortened.

  A method for sensing the flow state and calculating the flow resistance value using a plurality of pressure sensors on the surface of the mold that is in contact with the porous body instead of the above-described visualization mold will be described.

  In this case, the mold structure is changed to a measurement mold 1100 shown in FIG. 11 and incorporated in the flow behavior measuring apparatus 1200 shown in FIG.

  First, the structure of the flow behavior measuring mold 1100 in the laminating direction and the laminating direction by the pressure sensor will be described with reference to FIG.

An upper mold 22 and a lower mold 25 in which pressure sensors 28-1 to 28-5 are embedded at a plurality of locations (5 locations in the lower mold in the example of FIG. 11) that are in contact with the porous body 23. The porous body 23 is sandwiched and fixed. The pressure sensor can be installed not only in the lower mold but also in the upper mold. A fluid injection hole 21 is formed in the upper mold 22. When it is necessary to adjust the thickness of the porous body 23, the spacer 24 is installed between the upper mold 22 and the lower mold 25, and the upper mold 22 and the lower mold 25 are clamped via the spacer 24.
The spacer 24 is provided with an opening 26 for pressure reduction.

  Next, the measuring tool 1100 having the configuration shown in FIG. 11 will be described with reference to FIG.

  The flow behavior measuring apparatus 1200 includes a decompression vessel 1210 and a vacuum pump 1211 in which the flow behavior measurement mold 1100 described in FIG. 11 is disposed, a fluid injection valve 1213, a decompression valve 1214, and an injection liquid from outside the decompression vessel 1210. A tube 1215, a pair of support bases 1216, a pair of blocks 1218, a control unit 1230, and a processing unit 1240 for allowing 1209 to flow into the measurement mold 1100 disposed inside the decompression vessel 1210 from the fluid inlet 21. It is prepared for.

  The decompression vessel 1210 and the vacuum pump 1211 are connected by a vacuum pipe 1217, and a decompression valve 1214 is attached in the middle of the vacuum pipe 1217 to open and close the exhaust path between the decompression vessel 1210 and the vacuum pump 1211. .

  The fluid injection valve 1213 is controlled by the control unit 1230 to control the amount of the injection liquid 1209 supplied into the tube 1215 into the measurement mold 1100 disposed in the decompression vessel 1210.

The decompression container 1210 is placed on a pair of blocks 1218.
The processing unit 1240 includes an input / output unit 1244 including a storage unit 1241, a calculation unit 1243, and a display screen 1245.
The output signal of the pressure sensor 28 embedded in the upper mold 22 and the lower mold 25 of the measurement mold 1100 is input to the control unit 1230 and sent to the calculation unit 1243 of the processing unit 1240 for processing.

Next, an operation method of the flow behavior measuring apparatus 1200 will be described.
First, a fluid injection valve installed in the middle of a tube 1215 connected to the fluid injection hole 21 of the measurement mold 1100 in a state where the measurement mold 1100 for measuring the flow behavior is installed on the support base 1216 in the decompression vessel 1210. 1213 is closed. In this state, the injection fluid 1209 is poured into the tube 1215 from the outside of the decompression vessel 1210 and is stopped by the fluid injection valve 1213 in the tube 1215.

  Next, an instruction is issued from the control unit 1230 to open the decompression valve 1214 and start the vacuum pump 1211 to evacuate the interior of the decompression vessel 1210. The pressure value inside the decompression vessel 1210 is read by a vacuum gauge 1208 attached to the decompression vessel 1210, and the output of the vacuum gauge 1208 is monitored by the control unit 1230. When the set value is reached, the decompression valve 1215 is closed and the vacuum pump 1211 turn off the switch. The set value of the vacuum gauge 1208 is desirably 50 kPa or less. At this time, the inside of the measurement mold 1100 is exhausted from the opening 26, and has almost the same pressure as the inside of the decompression vessel 1210.

  Next, an instruction is issued from the controller 1230 to open the fluid injection valve 1213, and the injection fluid 1209 is injected from the tube 1215 into the measurement mold 1100 through the fluid injection port 21. When the injected fluid 1209 injected into the measuring mold 1100 reaches the positions of the pressure sensors 28-1 to 28-5 with a time difference, the pressure sensors 28-1 to 28-5 sequentially detect and control the pressure change. A signal is output to unit 1230. When the fluid injection valve 1213 is opened, the injection fluid 1209 is injected into the measurement mold 1100 and reaches the positions of the respective pressure sensors 28-1 to 28-5, and the pressure sensors 28-1 to 28-. 5 is stored in the storage unit 1241 of the processing unit 1240 via the control unit 1230.

  Since the flow analysis procedure using the signals detected by the pressure sensors 28-1 to 28-5 is the same as that in the first embodiment, the description thereof is omitted.

  According to this embodiment, it is possible to easily observe the flow behavior of the fluid in the porous body 3 without using the imaging means. As a result, the flow behavior of the fluid in the porous body can be obtained accurately in a short time by simulation, and the design and development period can be shortened.

1, 21, 91 ... Fluid inflow hole 2, 22, 92 ... Upper mold 3, 23, 93
... Porous material 4, 24, 94 ... Spacer 5, 25, 95 ... Lower mold 6, 26, 96 ... Opening 8, 98, 1208 ... Vacuum gauge 9, 1009, 1209 ... Injection fluid 10,1210 ... Decompression vessel 11,1011,1211 ... Vacuum pump 12-1,12-2,1012-1,1012-2 ... Video camera 13,1013,1213 ..Valve for fluid injection 14, 1014, 1214 ... Pressure reducing valve 15, 1015, 1215 ... Tube 210, 1010, 1230 ... Control unit 220, 1020, 1240 ... Processing unit 221, 1021, 1241 ... Storage unit 222,1022 ... Image processing unit 223,1023,1243 ... Calculation unit 224,1024,1244 ... Input / output unit 225,10 5,1245 ... display screen 28-1～5 ... pressure sensor.

Claims (18)

A device for measuring the flow behavior of a fluid flowing through a porous specimen,
A measurement sample in which the test specimen is sandwiched and adhered from above and below by a pair of optically transparent plates;
Container means for installing the measurement sample therein;
Evacuation means for evacuating the interior of the container means;
Fluid supply means for supplying a fluid to a test body sandwiched from above and below by the pair of plate materials of the measurement sample installed inside the container means;
Imaging means for imaging the test specimen of the measurement sample installed inside the container means;
The test body is processed by processing an image obtained by imaging with the imaging means that the fluid supplied to the measurement sample by the fluid supply means flows through the test body inside the container means evacuated by the exhaust means. A flow resistance value calculation device for a porous body, characterized by comprising a processing means for determining the flow resistance value of the porous body.   The container means has a partly optically transparent wall surface, and the optically transparent wall surface images the measurement sample installed inside the container means from the outside of the container means by the imaging means. 2. The flow resistance value calculation device for a porous body according to claim 1, wherein the flow resistance value calculation device is arranged as possible. A device for measuring the flow behavior of a fluid flowing through a porous specimen,
A measurement sample in which the test specimen is sandwiched and adhered from above and below by a pair of optically transparent plates;
Exhaust means for exhausting the inside of the measurement sample to a vacuum;
Fluid supply means for supplying fluid to a test body sandwiched from above and below by the pair of plate members of the measurement sample;
Imaging means for imaging the test specimen of the measurement sample;
The flow resistance of the specimen is processed by processing an image obtained by imaging with the imaging means the state in which the fluid supplied by the fluid supply means flows inside the measurement sample exhausted by the exhaust means. An apparatus for calculating a flow resistance value of a porous body, comprising a processing means for obtaining a value.   The processing means creates an analysis model in which the porous body is a porous body made up of a plurality of circular pipes to determine the flow resistance value of the test body, and from the image obtained by imaging, the porous body The flow behavior of the fluid is measured, and the flow resistance value of the porous body capable of reproducing the measured value within a certain error range is obtained as the flow resistance value of the test body. The flow resistance value calculation apparatus of the described porous body. The processing means obtains the flow resistance value of the specimen by dividing it into a penetration direction in which the flow dimension of the specimen is the smallest and a creeping direction perpendicular to the penetration direction. Item 5. A flow resistance value calculation device for a porous body according to Item 4.   The measurement sample is arranged such that an optically transparent pair of plate members sandwiching the test body from above and below and surrounding the test body between the pair of plate members, and the pair of plate materials And a spacer member for maintaining the height of the test body closely adhered to the test body, and one of the pair of plate members is penetrated to supply the fluid from the fluid supply means to the test body. 4. The flow resistance value calculating device for a porous body according to claim 1, wherein a hole is provided.   5. The porous structure according to claim 4, wherein the spacer has an opening in a part thereof, and an area surrounded by the spacer including the test body and the pair of plate members is exhausted from the opening. An apparatus for calculating a flow resistance value of a material.   The said fluid supply means pressurizes and supplies the said fluid to the said test body, The flow resistance value calculation apparatus of the porous body of Claim 1 or 3 characterized by the above-mentioned.   4. The flow resistance of the porous body according to claim 1, wherein the imaging unit includes a pair of cameras for imaging both surfaces of the test body that are in close contact with the pair of plate members. 5. Value calculation device. A method for measuring the flow behavior of a fluid flowing through a porous specimen,
A member that is arranged so as to surround the periphery of the test body and that has a part of the opening and the test body that is surrounded by the member is formed by closely sandwiching a pair of optically transparent plates from above and below. The measurement sample is evacuated to the inside
Supplying fluid to the test specimen inside the measurement sample evacuated to the vacuum;
Imaging the state in which the fluid flows through the specimen supplied with the fluid;
A method for calculating a flow resistance value of a porous body, wherein the flow resistance value of the test body is obtained by processing an image obtained by imaging.   The flow resistance value of the test body is determined by creating an analysis model in which the porous body is a porous body composed of a plurality of circular tubes, and the flow behavior of fluid in the porous body from the image obtained by the imaging The flow resistance value of the porous body according to claim 10, wherein the flow resistance value of the porous body capable of reproducing the measured value within a certain error range is obtained as the flow resistance value of the test body. Value calculation method. The porous resistance according to claim 11, wherein the flow resistance value of the test body is obtained by dividing the penetration direction in which the flow dimension of the test body is smallest and the creeping direction perpendicular to the penetration direction. A method for calculating the flow resistance value of a material.   The flow resistance of the porous body according to claim 10, wherein the measurement sample is placed inside a vacuum vessel, and the inside of the measurement vessel is evacuated to a vacuum by evacuating the inside of the vacuum vessel. Value calculation method.   The flow resistance value of the porous body according to claim 13, wherein a state in which the fluid flows through a test body supplied with the liquid from an optically transparent wall surface provided in a part of the vacuum vessel is captured. Calculation method.   The porous body according to claim 10, wherein the inside of the measurement sample is evacuated to a vacuum by directly evacuating from the opening of a member arranged so as to surround the specimen of the measurement sample. Flow resistance value calculation method.   The flow resistance of the porous body according to claim 10, wherein the flow of the fluid through the test body supplied with the liquid is imaged on both surfaces in close contact with the pair of plate members of the test body. Value calculation method.   The method for calculating a flow resistance value of a porous body according to claim 10, wherein the fluid is pressurized and supplied to a test body inside the measurement sample evacuated to the vacuum.   An apparatus for measuring a flow behavior of a fluid flowing through a porous test body, wherein the liquid is supplied from an upper surface of the test body, and the fluid flows in a layering direction and a penetration direction of the test body. A method for measuring a flow behavior of a fluid flowing through a porous body, wherein the detection is simultaneously performed by imaging or a sensor.

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