JP2011119643A - Solar light panel unit with snow-dropping function, and solar power generator using the same - Google Patents

Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a solar light panel unit with a snow-dropping function capable of preventing reduction in the power generation efficiency of solar light panels because of snow coverage by effectively dropping snow down on the solar light panels, and to provide a solar power generator using such a solar light panel unit. <P>SOLUTION: The solar light panel unit has solar light panel groups 3, 3... comprising multiple solar light panels 3 arranged in multiple stages, and a solar light panel rack 4 to support the solar light panel groups 3, 3... at a given inclined angle and to be mounted on an almost horizontal mounting surface 8. Void parts 9 for dropping snow are provided among the solar light panel groups 3, 3... and the mounting surface 8. Between a lower-stage side solar light panel 3a arranged at a lower stage among the solar light panel groups 3, 3... and an upper-stage side solar light panel 3b arranged at the upper stage, provided are a reverse bump 10 dropped in the vertical direction relative to an inclined surface of the lower-stage side solar light panel 3a, a parallel clearance 11a formed in the parallel direction, and a vertical clearance 11b formed in the vertical direction. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2011,JPO&INPIT

Description

  The present invention relates to a solar panel unit having a snowfall function for passively dropping snow that accumulates on an inclined solar panel, and a solar power generation apparatus using the solar panel unit.

  Conventionally, since power generation efficiency decreases when snow falls on the solar panel, various inventions for removing snow accumulated on the solar panel have been proposed.

  For example, in a general solar panel installed on a non-falling snow roof as shown in FIG. 34, it is arranged with an appropriate inclined surface so that snow falling can be slid down.

  Further, in Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 11-298028, in a power generation system having a power conversion device that converts direct-current power of a solar cell into predetermined alternating-current power, and connecting the power distribution system and the power conversion device with a first opening / closing means, A resistor and a second switching means are inserted in parallel with the resistor on the AC side of the power converter, and a diode and a third switching means in parallel with the diode are placed between the DC side of the power converter and the solar cell. Provided with a grid interconnection operation control system and a snow melting operation control system, selecting a grid interconnection operation and a snow melting operation to switch between the grid interconnection operation control and the snow melting operation control, and generating a carrier wave for generating a snow melting operation There has been proposed a solar power generation system having a switching unit that switches between a carrier wave and a modulated wave of a unit, grid interconnection operation and snow melting operation (Patent Document 1). According to Patent Document 1, this solar power generation system switches the operation mode to snow melting operation by an external signal, supplies power from a commercial power source to the solar battery panel, and melts the snow by warming the panel with the energy. It is described that snow can be prevented.

Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 11-298028

  However, in a general solar panel inclined as shown in FIG. 34, as shown in FIG. 35, the snow that fell from the solar panel along the inclination is between the roof and the panel or under the panel. There is a problem that it accumulates on the side and freezes and hardens. Thus, the snow solidified on the lower side of the panel is very difficult to melt, which causes a problem that the solar panel is covered and no power is generated while growing upward with time. For such a problem, there is a countermeasure for raising the legs of the gantry on which the solar panel is placed. However, in snowfall areas where the annual snowfall exceeds 1 m, a higher leg height is required. Therefore, especially when it is installed on the roof of ordinary houses, such a high leg height is taken into account when considering the strength of the roof. It is difficult.

  In addition, the relationship between the exposed area of the solar panel and the amount of power generation is not necessarily a proportional relationship, and there is a problem that the power generation capacity is rapidly reduced when the exposed area is reduced due to snow. In general, the cells of the solar panel are electrically connected in series, and a bypass circuit is provided so that the power generation capacity does not decrease even if some cells are shaded. This is because the bypass circuit stops functioning and adversely affects other cells.

  Moreover, in the invention described in Patent Document 1, since electric power from a commercial power source is required, there is a problem that the amount of electric power required for operation is larger than the amount of power generation. In addition, when using a conventional snow melting device such as the invention described in Patent Document 1 with a conventional inclined solar panel as shown in FIG. 34, the upper side and the lower side of the solar panel are as described above. Since the amount of snow and the degree of ice formation are different, it is necessary to improve the snow melting temperature and method between the upper side and the lower side, which makes the system complicated, and the manufacturing and running costs are high. is there.

  The present invention has been made in order to solve such problems, and by effectively dropping the snow of the solar panel, it is possible to suppress a decrease in power generation efficiency of the solar panel due to snow accumulation. It aims at providing the solar panel unit provided with the snowfall function, and the solar power generation device using the same.

  The solar panel unit according to the present invention includes a solar panel group in which a plurality of solar panels are arranged in a plurality of stages, and supports the solar panel group by inclining the solar panel group at a predetermined angle and a substantially horizontal installation surface. A solar panel base installed in the solar panel group, and a space for falling snow is provided between the solar panel group and the installation surface, and in the lower stage of the solar panel group. Between the lower-stage solar panel arranged and the upper-stage solar panel arranged on the upper stage, a reverse step dropped in a direction perpendicular to the inclined surface of the lower-stage solar panel, A parallel gap formed in a direction parallel to the inclined surface and a vertical gap formed in a direction perpendicular to the inclined surface are provided.

  Moreover, as one aspect | mode of the solar panel unit which concerns on this invention, the said reverse level | step difference, the said parallel gap, and the said vertical gap are formed between the lowermost stage solar panel and this upper stage side solar panel. In addition, it is preferable that the solar panels are also formed at least in one or more other stages.

  Furthermore, as an aspect of the solar panel unit according to the present invention, between the solar panel base and the solar panel, the upper end is separated from the solar panel base with the solar panel as a fulcrum. The panel mounting part for inclining so that the said reverse level | step difference may be comprised may be provided.

  Moreover, the solar power generation device using the solar panel unit according to the present invention includes the solar panel unit and a power storage facility that stores electric power generated by the solar panel unit.

  Moreover, the solar power generation device using the solar panel unit according to the present invention includes the solar panel unit and a power conditioner that converts a direct current generated by the solar panel unit into an alternating current. .

  ADVANTAGE OF THE INVENTION According to this invention, the fall of the power generation efficiency of the solar panel by snow accumulation can be suppressed by dropping the snow of a solar panel effectively.

It is a perspective view which shows 1st Embodiment of the solar panel unit which concerns on this invention. It is a block diagram which shows 1st Embodiment of the solar power generation device using the solar panel unit which concerns on this invention. It is a schematic diagram which shows arrangement | positioning of the solar panel in the solar panel unit of this 1st Embodiment. It is a perspective view which shows the example of other embodiment of the solar panel unit which concerns on this invention. It is a schematic diagram which shows the mechanism of snowfall in the solar panel unit which concerns on this invention. It is a block diagram which shows 2nd Embodiment of the solar power generation device using the solar panel unit which concerns on this invention. It is a side view which shows 3rd Embodiment of the solar panel unit which concerns on this invention. It is a block diagram which shows 3rd Embodiment of the solar power generation device using the solar panel unit which concerns on this invention. In the present Example 1, it is the schematic diagram seen from the side surface which shows the installation aspect of mount frame AF. 4 is a photograph showing an installation state of the gantry A in the first embodiment. It is a table | surface which shows the numerical value regarding each inclination angle from the mount frame A used in the present Example 1 to the mount frame F, a level | step difference, and a horizontal / vertical gap. 2 is a photograph showing the installation state of a gantry A, a gantry D, and a gantry E in Example 1. FIG. In Example 1, it is the table | surface which put together the measurement time for every test day in a 1st year season, power generation amount, power generation efficiency, sunshine time, solar radiation amount, and snowfall amount. In Example 1, it is a photograph which shows the snow cover state of the base A, the base B, and the base C around the middle of February of the first year season. It is an enlarged photograph which shows the snow cover state in the level | step-difference part of the lowermost solar panel and this upper stage solar panel in the mount frame C of Example 1. FIG. In Example 1, it is the table | surface which put together the measurement time, power generation amount, power generation efficiency, sunshine duration, solar radiation amount, and snowfall amount for each test day from December 25 to February 3 in the second year season. In Example 1, it is the table | surface which put together the measurement time, power generation amount, power generation efficiency, sunshine duration, solar radiation amount, and snowfall amount for each test day from February 4 to March 9 in the second year season. In Example 1, the power generation efficiency of the gantry A, the gantry E, and the gantry F in the second year season is a line graph. 2 is a photograph showing a snow cover state of the gantry D and the gantry F in Example 1. FIG. It is an excerpt photograph of the video image which shows the change of the snowmelt state from about 8 am to about 11 am in Example 1. It is an excerpt photograph of the video image which shows the change of the snowmelt state from about 11:30 am to about 4:30 pm in Example 1. It is a photograph which shows the snowfall state of the mount G and the mount H on January 8 in Example 2. FIG. It is an excerpt photograph of the video image which shows the snow-covered state on each stand at about 2 pm on December 26 in Example 2. It is an excerpt photograph of the video image which shows the snow-covered state on each stand at about 2 pm on December 29 in Example 2. It is an excerpt photograph of the video image which shows the snow cover state on each stand at about 2 o'clock on January 1 in Example 2. It is an excerpt photograph of the video image which shows the snow cover state on each stand at about 2 pm on January 8 in Example 2. It is an excerpt photograph of the video image which shows the snow-covered condition on each stand at about 2 pm on January 15 in Example 2. It is an excerpt photograph of the video image which shows the snow cover state on each stand at about 2 pm on January 21 in Example 2. It is an excerpt photograph of the video image which shows the snow-covered state on each stand at about 2:00 pm on January 29 in Example 2. It is an excerpt photograph of the video image which shows the snow-covered state on each stand at around 2 pm on February 2 in Example 2. It is the table | surface which put together the measurement time for every test day in Example 2, the electric power generation amount, the electric power generation amount per stage area, the integrated electric power generation amount per unit area, the power generation efficiency, the sunshine time, the solar radiation amount, and the snowfall amount. The amount of solar radiation and the power generation efficiency of the gantry A, the gantry G, and the gantry H in Example 2 are plotted in a line graph. The amount of snowfall in Example 2 and the power generation efficiency of the gantry A, gantry G, and gantry H are shown in a line graph. It is a perspective view which shows the conventional solar panel arranged by inclination. It is a schematic diagram which shows the snowfall mechanism in the conventional solar panel unit.

  Hereinafter, a solar panel unit according to the present invention and a solar power generation apparatus using the solar panel unit will be described with reference to the drawings. FIG. 1 is a perspective view showing a solar panel unit 1A according to the first embodiment. FIG. 2 is a block diagram showing each configuration of the photovoltaic power generation apparatus 2A of the first embodiment.

  The solar panel unit 1A of the first embodiment includes a solar panel group 3, 3... Composed of a plurality of solar panels 3, and a solar panel that supports the solar panel groups 3, 3. It comprises a gantry 4. Moreover, as shown in FIG. 2, the solar power generation device 2A of the first embodiment includes the solar panel unit 1A, a power conditioner 5 that converts the generated direct current into an alternating current, and an alternating current. It consists of a distribution board 6 that distributes to the electrical appliances E and the like in the building, and a watt-hour meter 7 connected to a commercial power source P such as a power transmission line. Hereinafter, each configuration will be described in detail.

  The solar panel 3 constituting the solar panel unit 1A is obtained by attaching a thin film type element that directly converts sunlight into electric power on a plate-like substrate and protecting the surface with resin or tempered glass. The element in the first embodiment uses a structure in which a p-type and an n-type semiconductor are joined, but is not particularly limited, and a dye that obtains a photovoltaic power using an organic dye You may select suitably from various things, such as a sensitized solar cell. Further, the surface may be subjected to processing for facilitating snow sliding, chemical application, or the like.

  The solar panel gantry 4 inclines the solar panel groups 3, 3... Composed of a plurality of solar panels 3 at a predetermined angle, and the reverse step 10 and the inclined surface between the solar panels 3. The vertical gap 11a in the vertical direction and the parallel gap 11b in the parallel direction with respect to the inclined surface are provided. The reverse step 10, the vertical gap 11a, and the horizontal gap 11b, as will be described later, allow snow falling from the upper-side solar panel to fall to the solar panel groups 3, 3,. It is formed in order to accommodate.

  As shown in FIG. 1, the solar panel mount 4 in the first embodiment is formed of a metal frame, and is a bottom frame disposed on a substantially horizontal installation surface 8 such as a snow-free roof or the ground. 41, a vertical frame 42 raised substantially vertically from the bottom frame 41, and a reverse step 10 for each step while inclining the solar panels 3 in three rows and two rows in each row at a predetermined angle. It is comprised by the panel fixed inclination frame 43 which fixes and provides the clearance gaps 11a and 11b. In the first embodiment, an arbitrary reinforcing frame 44 is provided between the frames 41, 42, 43.

  The solar panel unit 1 </ b> A in the first embodiment is installed on a substantially horizontal installation surface 8 such as a snow-free snow roof, and is used for snowfall between the solar panel groups 3, 3... And the installation surface 8. The gap 9 is formed. The installation surface 8 is not limited to the rooftop of a building such as a snowfallless roof, but may be on a moving object such as the ground or a ship, and is an inclined surface as long as a sufficient snowfall space 9 can be secured. May be. Further, a plurality of solar panel units 1 </ b> A may be connected to the installation surface 8 to be used for mega solar power generation.

  Next, the inclination angle θ, the reverse step 10, the vertical gap 11a, and the horizontal gap 11b of the solar panel groups 3, 3.

  As shown in FIG. 1, the solar panel groups 3, 3... Of the first embodiment are composed of solar panels 3 having three vertical rows and two horizontal rows. Is to be selected. In the first embodiment, the lowermost solar panels 3, 3 are first-stage solar panels 3a, the middle solar panels 3, 3 are second-stage solar panels 3b, and the uppermost sunlight. Panels 3 and 3 are third-stage solar panels 3c. In the first embodiment, the upper-stage solar panel and the lower-stage solar panel are the first-stage solar panel in the relationship between the first-stage solar panel 3a and the second-stage solar panel 3b. The light panel 3a corresponds to a lower solar panel, and the second solar panel 3c corresponds to an upper solar panel. Similarly, in the relationship between the second stage solar panel and the third stage solar panel, the second solar panel corresponds to a lower stage solar panel, and the third stage solar panel is an upper stage side. It corresponds to a solar panel.

  Hereinafter, the lower solar panel 3a in the first embodiment is referred to as a first solar panel 3a to a second solar panel 3b, and the upper solar panel 3b is a second solar panel 3b to third. This will be described as a stepped solar panel 3c.

  Each solar panel 3 in the first embodiment is installed so as to have an inclination angle θ of about 30 degrees with respect to the installation surface 8. This inclination angle θ is a general angle used when installing a vertical three-stage solar panel 3, but is not particularly limited, and the number of stages of the solar panel 3, the latitude of the installation location, and its It is appropriately selected in consideration of the wind strength assumed at the place.

  The reverse steps 10 and the gaps 11a and 11b of the solar panel groups 3, 3... Are mainly caused by the snow falling down from the upper solar panel 3b between the solar panel groups 3, 3. It is an opening part for making it fall to the space | gap 9 for snowfall formed in the middle. Further, as a result of experiments described later, when the solar panel groups 3, 3,... Are configured by arranging the solar panels 3 in three or more stages in the vertical direction, the reverse step 10, the vertical gap 11a, and the horizontal gap 11b. In addition to being formed between the lowermost solar panel 3 and the upper solar panel 3, it can also be formed between the solar panels 3 in at least one other stage. More preferred.

  In the first embodiment, as shown in FIG. 3, the upper solar panels 3 b and 3 c are descended stepped reverse steps 10 dropped in the vertical direction with respect to the inclined surfaces of the lower solar panels 3 a and 3 b. So as to be substantially perpendicular to the inclined surface and stepped downward. In the present invention, such a step is defined as a “reverse step”. Further, the reverse step 10 and the gaps 11a and 11b in the first embodiment are configured so that the upper solar panels 3b and 3c are not hidden behind the lower solar panels 3a and 3b. And a vertical gap 11a in the vertical direction and a horizontal gap 11b in the horizontal direction with respect to the inclined surface. In addition, the positional relationship between these reverse steps 10 and the vertical gap 11a and the horizontal gap 11b will be described with reference to FIG.

  In addition, as shown in FIG. 1, although the reverse level | step difference 10 and each clearance gap 11a, 11b can exhibit a fixed effect if it is formed in one of the steps of each solar panel 3, as shown in FIG. More preferably, it is formed for each stage. That is, by shortening the sliding distance to the vertical gap 11a and the horizontal gap 11b, the snow on the solar panel slides down from the gaps 11a and 11b one by one. It is because it is thought that it can be exposed. In addition, if snow falls in a large lump state, it may jump over the reverse step 10 and the gaps 11a and 11b and accumulate on the lower solar panels 3 and 3. This is because it is considered that the snow can be subdivided and dropped in the form of a small lump, and the snow falling effect can be obtained more reliably.

  Next, each component other than the solar panel unit 1A in the solar power generation device 2A of the first embodiment will be described.

  The power conditioner 5 is for converting the direct current generated by the solar panel unit 1A into an alternating current equal to the commercial power source P. Further, the power conditioner 5 in the first embodiment supplies surplus power to the commercial power source P when the amount of power generated by the solar panel unit 1A is larger than the amount of power consumed in a building or the like. On the contrary, when the amount of power generated is less than the amount of power consumed, a function of managing the overall operation of the solar power generation apparatus 2A such as receiving supply of insufficient power from the commercial power source P is provided. Have. The commercial power source P refers to a transmission line or the like that transmits power generated at a power plant of an electric power company to a building or the like.

  The distribution board 6 is for distributing the alternating current converted by the power conditioner 5 to various places in the building. The electric power generated by the solar panel 3 is distributed by being connected to an electric appliance E such as an outlet or a lighting fixture in each room.

  The watt hour meter 7 is installed between the distribution board 6 and the commercial power source P, and the power generated by the solar panel unit 1A is supplied from the commercial power source P and the commercial power source P. It measures the amount of electric power.

  Next, the operation of each component of the solar panel unit 1A of the first embodiment and the solar power generation apparatus 2A using the solar panel unit 1A will be described in detail.

  First, the effect | action by the reverse level | step difference 10 of the solar panel group 3,3 ... in the solar panel unit 1A, the vertical gap 11a, and the horizontal gap 11b is demonstrated in detail.

  As shown in FIG. 5, the main action of the reverse step 10, the vertical gap 11a, and the horizontal gap 11b is to drop the snow that slides down from the upper solar panels 3b and 3c into the snowfall gap 9.

  Moreover, the reverse level | step difference 10, the vertical gap | interval 11a, and the horizontal gap | interval 11b also have the effect | action which divides | segments the snow on lower stage side solar panel 3a, 3b, and the snow on upper stage side solar panel 3b, 3c. The snow that has accumulated on the solar panels 3a, 3b, and 3c at each stage is divided by the reverse step 10, the vertical gap 11a, and the horizontal gap 11b and falls into the snowfall gap 9. In particular, in the solar panel unit 1A of the first embodiment, the descending staircase in which the reverse step 10 with respect to the upper solar panels 3b and 3c is dropped in the vertical direction with respect to the inclined surfaces of the lower solar panels 3a and 3b. Since it is configured in a shape, it is more easily divided. Thus, by dividing the snow for each step, the sliding distance is shortened and the snow can be reliably dropped for each step.

  Furthermore, when a large amount of snow falls in a short time, there is a possibility that the snow accumulates enough to fill the reverse step 10 and the gaps 11a and 11b before sliding down. However, in the second embodiment, the snow that has accumulated on the solar panels 3a, 3b, 3c at each stage is temporarily dammed by the lower solar panels 3a, 3b, but from the vertical gap 11a and the horizontal gap 11b, And falls into the gap 9. Further, the snow once blocked by the lower-side solar panels 3a and 3b melts more quickly because it receives the heat from the solar panel 3 warmed by sunlight evenly.

  In addition, once the snow on the upper side solar panels 3b, 3c once dammed up becomes a small lump, it easily moves to the side of the upper side solar panels 3b, 3c, and the side of the upper side solar panels 3b, 3c. Sometimes it snows down.

  Further, the gaps 11a and 11b in the first embodiment form not only the vertical gap 11a but also the horizontal gap 11b, so that the upper-side solar pals 3b and 3c are behind the lower-side solar panels 3a and 3b. It is not hidden. Thereby, the fall of power generation efficiency by hiding behind the solar panels 3a and 3b on the lower side can be avoided while enhancing the snowfall effect. Moreover, the opening part for snowfall can be taken large, suppressing the height of the solar panel unit 1A low by both the clearance gaps 11a and 11b.

  As described above, by providing the reverse step 10, the vertical gap 11a, and the horizontal gap 11b between the lower solar panels 3a, 3b and the upper solar panels 3b, 3c, the upper solar panels 3b, 3c. Can be prevented from sliding down and accumulating on the lower solar panels 3a, 3b. Further, it is possible to eliminate the portion where the snow is extremely accumulated on the solar panels 3a, 3b, 3c of each stage, and to accumulate snow on average as much as possible. Furthermore, even if the reverse step 10 is formed, the upper-stage solar panels 3b, 3c are not hidden behind the lower-stage solar panels 3a, 3b, and the basic power generation capacity compared to the conventional one. Will not drop.

  Next, the effect | action of each structure at the time of the electric power generation of the solar power generation device 2A using the solar panel unit 1A is demonstrated.

  Each of the solar panels 3, 3... Of the solar panel unit 1A receives sunlight and generates a direct current. In the first embodiment, the direct current generated in each solar panel 3, 3... Is sent to the power conditioner 5.

  In the power conditioner 5, the direct current is converted into the same alternating current as that of the commercial power source P. Moreover, in the power conditioner 5 in the first embodiment, the amount of power input / output from the commercial power source P is controlled according to the difference between the amount of power generated by the solar panel unit 1A and the amount of power consumed. For example, when the power generation amount of the solar panel unit 1A is larger than the consumed power amount, surplus power is supplied to the commercial power source P, and conversely, the generated power amount is more than the consumed power amount. If the amount is too small, control is performed so that the insufficient power is supplied from the commercial power source P.

  The distribution board 6 distributes the current supplied from the power conditioner 5 and supplies it to each electric appliance E at various locations in the building.

  The watt-hour meter 7 measures the amount of power supplied from the commercial power source P and the amount of power supplied from the commercial power source P to the power generated by the solar panel unit 1A. The user compares the amounts of electric power, and if the amount of electric power generated by the solar panel unit 1A is large, the user buys that amount of electric power, and purchases the amount of electric power that is insufficient.

According to the solar panel unit 1A having the snowfall function of the first embodiment and the solar power generation apparatus 2A using the solar panel unit 1A as described above, the following effects can be obtained.
1. It is possible to shorten the sliding distance of the snow that has fallen on the solar panels 3, 3... And drop it into the gap 9 for falling snow, thereby suppressing a decrease in power generation efficiency due to snow accumulation.
2. The continuity of the snow falling on each solar panel 3 can be divided, making it easier to slide down and suppressing the snow accumulation on the solar panels 3, 3.
3. Even if a large amount of snow falls in a short period of time, the snow on the upper solar panels 3b and 3c is once dammed by the lower solar panels 3a and 3b, and quickly struck by the heat from the solar panels heated by sunlight. Can be melted into
4). Even if a large amount of snow falls in a short time, the snow is divided into small blocks by the reverse step 10, the vertical gap 11a and the horizontal gap 11b, and the snow moves to the side of the upper solar panels 3b and 3c and falls as it is. Sometimes it is made to happen.
5). Since it is possible to avoid a large amount of snow from staying in the lower-side solar panels 3a and 3b, it is possible to prevent snow from being frozen and solidified on the solar panel 3 over time.

  Next, a solar panel unit according to the present invention and a second embodiment of a solar power generation apparatus using the solar panel unit will be described. Note that, in the configuration of the second embodiment, the same or equivalent configuration as the configuration of the first embodiment described above is denoted by the same reference numeral, and the description thereof is omitted. FIG. 6 is a block diagram showing each configuration of the solar power generation device 2B of the second embodiment.

  As shown in FIG. 6, the solar power generation device 2 </ b> B according to the second embodiment includes a solar panel unit 1 </ b> A and a power storage facility 12. Hereinafter, the power storage facility 12 will be described in detail.

  The power storage facility 12 in the second embodiment is formed of a sodium / sulfur battery (hereinafter referred to as “NAS battery”) and is connected to the solar panel unit 1A and an electric appliance E such as a lighting fixture. This power storage facility 12 acts to store the electric power generated by the solar panel unit 1A and supply it to the electric appliance E or the like as necessary.

  Although the NAS battery is used in the second embodiment, the present invention is not particularly limited and may be appropriately selected from various storage batteries such as a lithium ion battery.

  The solar power generation device 2B using the solar panel unit of the second embodiment as described above exhibits its effectiveness when used as a place away from the commercial power source P or as a small-scale nighttime illumination, and is stable. Power supply.

  Next, a solar panel unit according to a third embodiment of the present invention and a solar power generation apparatus using the solar panel unit will be described. Note that, in the configuration of the third embodiment, the same or equivalent components as those of the first embodiment and the second embodiment described above are denoted by the same reference numerals, and the description thereof is omitted.

  FIG. 7 is a side view showing the solar panel unit 1C in the third embodiment, and FIG. 8 is a block diagram showing each configuration of the solar power generation apparatus 2C in the third embodiment.

  As shown in FIG. 7, in the solar panel unit 1 </ b> C of the third embodiment, a panel mounting portion 45 is disposed between the solar panel 3 and the panel fixing inclined frame 43 of the solar panel mount 4. . The panel mounting portion 45 is a long metal plate that has a long side substantially equal to the length in the vertical direction of the solar panel 3 and one corner of the long side has a predetermined angle. It is formed by bending into a triangular shape. As described above, the panel mounting portion 45 is formed in a substantially triangular shape in a side view, but is not limited to this, and the solar panel 3 can be inclined at a predetermined angle to constitute the reverse step 10. Any suitable shape may be employed. Moreover, you may employ | adopt suitable structures, such as plate shape and a frame shape.

  Therefore, the solar panel 3 in the third embodiment is fixed by being tilted so that the upper end of the solar panel 3 is separated from the solar panel mount 4 with the lower end as a fulcrum by being mounted on the panel mounting portion 45. The

  In the third embodiment, the panel mounting portion 45 is arranged on the panel fixing inclined frame 43 with an interval for each step so that the vertical gap 11a and the horizontal gap 11b are formed between the solar panels 3. Has been. As a result, the reverse step 10, the vertical gap 11a, and the horizontal gap 11b in an appropriate range can be formed simply by fixing the solar panel 3 to the panel mounting portion 45, and it is efficient without requiring skill. The installation work will proceed.

  Moreover, as shown in FIG. 8, the solar panel 3 in the third embodiment is electrically connected to each stage of the first stage solar panel 3a, the second stage solar panel 3b, and the third stage solar panel 3c. Are connected in series and connected to the inverter 5.

  The operation of each component of the solar panel unit 1C of the third embodiment as described above and the solar power generation apparatus 2C using the solar panel unit 1C will be described.

  First, the panel mounting portion 45 in the third embodiment is easily tilted so that its upper end is separated from the solar panel mount 4 with its lower end as a fulcrum, so that the reverse step 10, the vertical gap 11a, and the horizontal gap are easily provided. 11b can be formed.

  That is, in the case where the reverse step 10 and the vertical gap 11a and the horizontal gap 11b of the solar panel unit 1C are provided, the mounting portion that is parallel to the panel fixing inclined frame 43 of the solar panel mount 4 as shown in FIG. When using this, it is necessary to make it higher in the lower stage and to change the shape of the mounting portion for each stage.

  On the other hand, by using the panel mounting portion 45 in the third embodiment, as shown in FIG. 7, the reverse step 10, the vertical gap 11 a, and the horizontal level are changed without changing the shape of the panel mounting portion 45 by each step. A gap 11b can be formed. Further, the overall height of the solar panel unit 1C can be kept low.

  Next, in the third embodiment, the operation of the solar panel 3 that is electrically connected in series for each stage will be described.

  Usually, the snow in the solar panel unit 1C flows downward and accumulates snow, so that the snow is greatly covered in the lower stage. If the lower solar panel 3 cannot receive light and the power generation amount becomes 0, the resistance value of the circuit increases, which may affect the entire power generation amount.

  Therefore, the solar panel 3 in the third embodiment is electrically connected in series for each stage, thereby avoiding the entire down.

  As described above, in the third embodiment, the reverse step 10, the vertical gap 11a, and the horizontal gap 11b can be easily configured by using the panel mounting portion 45. Moreover, even if a part of the solar panel unit 1C is covered with snow by being electrically connected in series for each stage, the influence can be minimized.

  Hereinafter, a demonstration experiment performed using the solar panel unit according to the present invention and a solar power generation apparatus using the solar panel unit according to the first embodiment will be described.

  The verification test will be held from January 11, 2008 to March 13, 2008 (hereinafter referred to as the “first year season”), and from December 25, 2008 to March 9, 2009 ( (Hereinafter referred to as “second year season”).

  The solar panel power generation system used in Example 1 is as follows.

  As the solar panel 3, ND-157AR manufactured by Sharp Corporation was used. The external dimensions per one ND-157AR are about 1165 mm in length in the vertical direction, about 990 mm in width, and about 45 mm in thickness. The nominal maximum output is 157 W, the module conversion efficiency is 13.6%, and the weight is about 14.5 kg.

  As shown in FIG. 9, the solar panel gantry includes four types of gantry A, gantry B, gantry C, and gantry D as gantry for comparison, and gantry E and gantry F as the gantry of the first embodiment. A type of gantry was used.

  The gantry A is a conventional one as shown in FIG. 10. As shown in FIG. 10, a total of 12 solar panels in 3 rows and 4 rows are inclined at an inclination angle θ of about 30 degrees and there are no steps and no gaps. It is installed in a substantially flat shape. In addition, the inclination angle θ is set to about 30 degrees in all of the mounts A to F.

  The platform B aims to facilitate the removal of snow by making it easier to slide on the solar panels. A total of six solar panels in three vertical rows and two horizontal rows are installed in a substantially flat shape with no steps or gaps. However, a clear vinyl is stretched to make the snow easy to slip, with a slight gap from the inclined surface.

The gantry C aims to promote the removal of snow by providing an up-stepped step (also referred to as “positive step”) between the solar panels of each step and dividing the continuity of snow. A total of six solar panels in three vertical rows and two horizontal rows are provided with only steps. Steps and gaps are as shown in FIGS. Therefore, in the gantry C, the upper solar panel is approximately -15 mm in the direction substantially perpendicular to the inclined surface (= Gy ₁₂ = Gy ₂₃ ) and the substantially parallel direction to the inclined surface (= Gx ₁₂ = Gx ₂₃ ) is not provided with an interval (about 0 mm), and only an up-stepped step (positive step) is formed on the upper side.

The gantry D is intended to further promote the removal of snow by providing a step (positive step) that is larger than the gantry C and separating the continuity of snow. In other words, a total of six solar panels in three vertical rows and two horizontal rows are provided with steps, and the upper solar panel is substantially perpendicular to the inclined surface with respect to the lower solar panel (= Gy ₁₂ = Gy ₂₃ ) About −45 mm, no gap is provided in the substantially parallel direction (= Gx ₁₂ = Gx ₂₃ ) to the inclined surface (about 0 mm), and only an up-stepped step (positive step) is formed on the upper side.

The gantry E corresponds to the solar panel unit of the present invention, and the snow continuity of the snow by dividing the continuity of the snow by providing a descending step-like reverse step dropped vertically between the solar panels of each step. It aims to promote removal. The solar panel unit uses a total of six solar panels in three vertical rows and two horizontal rows, and the upper solar panel is placed between the lower solar panels between each solar panel. A descending step-like reverse step and a gap dropped in a vertical direction of about +45 mm in a substantially vertical direction (= Gy ₁₂ = Gy ₂₃ ) on the inclined surface and about +80 mm in a substantially parallel direction (= Gx ₁₂ = Gx ₂₃ ) on the inclined surface. Formed.

The gantry F corresponds to the solar panel unit of the present invention. When a step and a gap are provided only between the lowermost solar panel and the upper solar panel, how much is the gantry E. It is for confirming whether the difference of the effect arises. The solar panel unit uses a total of six solar panels in three vertical rows and two horizontal rows, and is substantially perpendicular to the inclined surface between the lowermost solar panel and the upper solar panel. Downward staircase-like reverse steps and gaps were formed that dropped in a vertical direction of about +15 mm in (= Gy ₁₂ ) and about +80 mm in a direction substantially parallel to the inclined surface (= Gx ₁₂ ).

  The gantry A, B, C was used for the verification test in the first year season. In addition, the verification test for the second year season was performed using the mounts A, D, E, and F at the same installation position as the first year season. However, the base E was replaced with the base F during the second year. In other words, the platform E was used from December 25, 2008 to February 1, 2009 in the second year season, and the platform F was used from February 2 to March 9, 2009. This confirmed the effect of power generation efficiency due to differences in the size and number of steps and gaps.

  In addition, as shown in FIG. 12, each mount was installed on the snow-free roof at a suitable distance so as not to interfere with each other's shade.

  In the verification test in the present Example 1, the amount of electric power generation in each of photography with a digital camera, video photography, and the mounts A to F was performed. The sunshine hours and snowfall during the test period were obtained from the database of the Japan Meteorological Agency. The power generation efficiency was calculated from the power generation amount, and the solar radiation amount was calculated from the sunshine hours.

  First, the test results in the first year season will be described. FIG. 13 summarizes the measurement time, power generation amount, power generation efficiency, sunshine duration, solar radiation amount, and snowfall amount for each test day in the first year season in a table.

  From FIG. 13, the average power generation efficiency in the first year season is about 1.1% for the base A, about 0.9% for the base B, and about 0.8% for the base C of the first embodiment. Both B and the platform C could not exceed the power generation efficiency of the conventional platform A.

  From January 12, 2008 to January 18, 2008, the beginning of the first year of the season, the amount of snowfall is small, and all of the gantry A to gantry C maintain high power generation efficiency. However, from 19th to March 4th, the day when power generation efficiency was about 0% continued. After that, the power generation efficiency gradually increased from March 5th.

  FIG. 14 is a photograph taken when the power generation efficiency was about 0%. As you can see from this photographic image, the snow that has slipped down to the bottom gradually accumulates, and from January to February when the temperature is the lowest in the year, it accumulates without melting and grows upward. It is observed that snow is obscured over the entire surface of the light panel. In addition, the vinyl sheet of the gantry B could not maintain the stretched state due to the weight of snow and hardly functioned.

  FIG. 15 is a photograph of a step portion between the lowermost solar panel on the gantry C and the snow on the upper solar panel. As can be seen from this photograph, it is observed that the snow that has accumulated from the lower side and has grown to the upper side has not yet broken the continuity of the accumulated snow.

  Therefore, in the first year season, even if the snow on the solar panel is likely to slide down to the lower side by covering it with vinyl or forming an up-stepped step (positive step), It was confirmed that the solar panel was covered by gradually accumulating on the lower side and growing on the upper side, and the power generation efficiency was significantly reduced.

  Therefore, in the second year season, based on the results of the first year season, the snow falling down from the upper-side solar panel is made sunlight by providing both a downward staircase stepped down in the vertical direction and a gap. The gantry E and the gantry F were produced and tested in such a manner that snow was not deposited on the lower side by dropping into the gap below the panel group. Further, in order to examine again the effect of an up-stepped step (positive step), a demonstrative test was also performed on the gantry D in which a step larger than the gantry C was formed.

  FIG. 16 and FIG. 17 summarize the measurement time, power generation amount, power generation efficiency, sunshine duration, solar radiation amount, and snowfall amount for each test day in the second year season, as in FIG. The average power generation efficiency in the second year season was about 3.8% for the base A, about 3.2% for the base D, and about 4.5% for the base E of Example 1 before February 2. there were. On and after February 2, it was about 2.7% for base A, about 2.0% for base D, and about 2.8% for base F. That is, in the first half of the second year season, the power generation efficiency of the solar panel of the gantry E corresponding to the present invention is the best, followed by the gantry A and the gantry D having an upstairs step (positive step) is the worst. It was. In the second half of the second year season, the power generation efficiency of the gantry F having the reverse step and the gap formed only in the lowermost solar panel was the best, followed by the gantry A and the gantry D in that order. As described above, the power generation efficiency of the gantry E to the gantry F corresponding to the present invention is higher than those of the other gantry A and D.

  FIG. 18 is a line graph showing the power generation efficiency of the gantry A in FIGS. 16 and 17 and the gantry E and the gantry F corresponding to the present invention. As shown in FIG. 18, when comparing the power generation efficiency of the gantry A, the gantry E, and the gantry F, there is a period in which the gantry A has better power generation efficiency from late December to early January and around late February. The power generation efficiency of the gantry E or gantry F of the first embodiment is maintained at a higher level than that of the gantry A from the end of January to the beginning of February when the full-scale winter season starts. In this way, when compared throughout the winter season, it can be seen that the power generation efficiency of the gantry E to the gantry F corresponding to the present invention is high.

  FIG. 19 is a photograph showing a frame F corresponding to the present invention from the side after February 4th. As shown in FIG. 19, it can be confirmed that the snow sliding down from the upper-side solar panel is falling in the gap below the solar panel group. Moreover, it can be observed that the frame F has less snow accumulated than the frame D provided next to it, and it can be confirmed that the snow melting effect is high.

  FIG. 20 is an image obtained by taking a video of the frame E of Example 1 from about 8 am to about 11:30 on January 24, when power generation efficiency was high. Each image is an excerpt of an appropriate part. On that day, there was about 3 cm of snow at dawn, and snow did not fall during the day.

  From FIG. 20, the snow is thinly accumulated on the solar panels of the gantry A, the gantry D, and the gantry E around 8:00 am. At around 9:00 am, the snow on the solar panels of each pedestal begins to melt as the solar panels are warmed by sunlight. At about 11:30 am, the snow on the solar panel of the gantry E corresponding to the present invention almost melted and disappeared. However, snow remained on the solar panels on the lower side of the gantry A and the gantry D. This is probably because the gantry E according to the first embodiment has a smaller amount of snow originally accumulated on the lower side than the other gantry A and gantry D. In addition, there was little unevenness of snow on the solar panel of the gantry E, and it was piled on average, so it acted so that the heat from the solar panel heated by sunlight was evenly received and melted faster. It is considered a thing.

  Further, as a mechanism that does not accumulate on the lower stage side in the gantry E, it was confirmed that snow on the solar panel falls from the side surface during heavy snow. FIG. 21 is an image obtained by taking a video of the state from about 11:30 am to about 4:30 pm on January 21. Each image is an excerpt of an appropriate part. The day before this day was heavy snow with a snow cover of about 32 cm.

  From FIG. 21, almost all of the snow has accumulated on the solar panel of the gantry E corresponding to the present invention around 11:30 am due to heavy snow on the previous day. Around 1 pm, the snow accumulated on the top solar panel could not withstand the weight and hangs down from the side, and hangs down around 4:30 pm.

  This is because, in the gantry E corresponding to the present invention, the snow of the upper solar panel is blocked by the upper side of each solar panel and is difficult to slide down to the lower stage, and when it reaches a certain amount, it cannot withstand its own weight. It is thought that it escapes and falls from the side as guided by the side.

  As described above, through the demonstration experiment in the first embodiment, in the gantry E and the gantry F, by forming both the step and the gap between the solar panels, the snow accumulated on the upper solar panel is the solar panel group. The effect that cannot be obtained with conventional solar panel units, such as falling into the gap below the glass, making it easier for the snow on each solar panel to melt, and letting it fall to the side of the solar panel when heavy snow falls. I was able to confirm. In addition, it was not possible to obtain a sufficient snow-melting effect and suppression of reduction in power generation efficiency at the up-stairs step (positive step).

  Next, a more detailed demonstration experiment was conducted on the effect in the case where a descending step-like reverse step was provided in the solar panel group of the solar panel unit in Example 2. The verification test was conducted from December 24, 2009 to February 18, 2010 (hereinafter referred to as the “third year season”).

  The solar panel 3 used in Example 2 is the same as that used in Example 1. Moreover, the stand A used in Example 1, and the stand G and the stand H shown in FIG. 22 were used for the solar panel stand in the present Example 2.

The gantry G, like the gantry F, is provided with a reverse step and a gap in only one stage between the lowermost solar panel and the upper solar panel. The solar panel unit uses a total of six solar panels in three vertical rows and two horizontal rows. Between the lowermost solar panel and the upper solar panel, a vertical direction ( = Gy ₁₂ ) about +145 mm in the vertical direction and about +155 mm in the vertical direction substantially parallel to the inclined surface (= Gx ₁₂ ) and a vertical and horizontal gap were formed.

The gantry H, like the gantry E, uses a panel mounting part for the installation of solar panels. In addition to the bottom stage, the gantry H falls vertically between other solar panels. The reverse step is provided. The solar panel unit uses a total of six solar panels in three vertical rows and two horizontal rows, and the upper solar panels are inclined with respect to the lower solar panels between the solar panels in each stage. About +115 mm in the direction substantially perpendicular to the surface (= Gy ₁₂ = Gy ₂₃ ), about +160 mm in the direction substantially parallel to the inclined surface (= Gx ₁₂ ) between the lowermost solar panel and the upper solar panel. On the inclined surface between the solar panel on the uppermost stage and the solar panel on the uppermost stage, a reverse step having a descending staircase shape and a vertical / horizontal gap dropped in a vertical direction of about +115 mm in a substantially parallel direction (= Gx ₂₃ ) were formed. .

  The panel placement portion is inclined at about 4.5 degrees with respect to the placement surface. Therefore, the inclination angle θ of the solar panel is about 34.5 degrees with respect to the substantially horizontal installation surface.

  The results of the demonstration experiment in Example 2 are shown below.

  23 to 30 are December 26, December 29, January 1, January 8, January 15, January 21, January 29, and February 2 in the afternoon. It is an excerpt photograph of the video image which shows the snow cover state on each frame at time. In addition, FIG. 31 summarizes the measurement time, power generation amount, power generation amount per unit area, total power generation amount per unit area, power generation efficiency, sunshine duration, solar radiation amount and snowfall amount in the third year season. It is a thing.

  From Fig. 31, the average power generation efficiency in the third year season is about 0.4% for platform A, about 0.5% for platform G, and about 4.7% for platform H. -The power generation efficiency of the platform H with a horizontal gap was much higher than that of other platforms. The details will be discussed below.

  FIG. 32 shows the power generation efficiency of each gantry and the amount of solar radiation based on AMeDAS data. As shown in FIG. 32, in the case of the gantry A, power was hardly generated after December 27. As shown in FIG. 31 and FIG. 33, from December 24 to December 8 when the demonstration experiment started, snow fell continuously, and the total amount of snowfall was about 27 cm. Therefore, as shown in FIG. 24 to FIG. Furthermore, it is considered that the snow covered the solar panel and the snow did not fall after that.

  In the case of the gantry H, the power generation amount has been recovered once around December 29. As can be seen from FIG. 24, there is almost no snow accumulation in the second-stage solar panel and the third-stage solar panel.

  However, after December 30, almost no power was generated. In the case of this gantry H, as shown in FIG. 25 to FIG. 30, more than half of the second-stage solar panel is covered with snow, and occasionally the uppermost third-stage solar panel may be covered. there were.

  This is because the snow is blocked by the upper surface of the first-stage solar panel without falling from the gap between the upper and lower stages of the solar panel, and the second-stage solar panel is covered with snow. This is thought to be due to a negative effect on the power generation of the entire solar panel unit.

  On the other hand, when the change in the power generation efficiency of the gantry H is compared with the change in the amount of solar radiation, they are approximately the same. Further, as shown in FIGS. 23 to 30, it can be seen that in the third year season, the snow on the second-stage solar panel and the third-stage solar panel is almost falling.

  From December 31 to January 6, around January 17, around January 21, around January 27, the power generation efficiency was low despite the large amount of solar radiation. As shown, the day with the highest amount of solar radiation is the day when there was a lot of snowfall on the day or the previous day.

  As described above, the power generation amount of the gantry H decreases on the day of snowfall or immediately after that, as with the conventional gantry A, etc. It was proved that the power generation amount can be recovered passively because the snow in the snow effectively falls into the gap under the solar panel.

  Here, we numerically examined how much power generation effect was improved by this gantry H.

The accumulated power generation amount for the third year season on the platform H is about 5.2 kWh / m ² . On the other hand, the accumulated solar radiation amount during the demonstration experiment is about 100.3 kWh / m ² . Here, since the module conversion efficiency of the solar panel used in the second embodiment is 13.6%, the maximum amount of power generated by the gantry H is about 13.6 kWh / m ² .

  Here, when the actual power generation amount of the gantry H is compared with the maximum power generation amount, the power generation is about 38% of the maximum value. Similarly, when calculating the gantry A, the power generation amount was only about 2% of the maximum value.

  This difference is a big difference, and if the gantry H is used, the solar power generation that has been considered difficult to spread in the snowfall area until now is obtained by the solar panel unit according to the present invention and the solar power generation apparatus using the solar panel unit. It shows that it can be fully disseminated.

  The solar panel unit and the solar power generation apparatus using the solar panel unit according to the present invention are not limited to the above-described embodiments, and can be appropriately changed.

  For example, a snow melting device for supplying power to the solar panel unit or the solar power generation apparatus of the present invention as in the solar power generation system described in Patent Document 1 to warm the panel, or a panel with hot air or hot water It may be combined with a snow melting device that heats the snow or a snow melting device that melts water by directly spraying water on the snow.

  In the solar panel unit or the solar power generation device of the present invention, since there is not much difference in the amount of snow on the solar panel in each stage, the efficiency of snow melting by the conventional snow melting device can be improved.

1A, 1B Solar panel unit 2A, 2B Photovoltaic power generator 3 Solar panel 4 Mounting base 5 Power conditioner 6 Distribution board 7 Electricity meter 8 Installation surface 9 Air gap 10 Reverse step 11a Vertical gap 11b Inclination 12 parallel to the surface 12 Power storage equipment 3a First-stage solar panel, lower-stage solar panel 3b Second-stage solar panel, upper-stage solar panel 3c Third-stage solar panel 41 Bottom frame 42 Vertical frame 43 Panel Fixed inclination frame 44 Reinforcement frame 45 Panel placement portion 11a Gap parallel to the inclined surface 11b Gap perpendicular to the inclined surface E Electric appliance P Commercial power supply θ Inclination angle

Claims (5)

A solar panel group in which a plurality of solar panels are arranged in a plurality of stages, and a solar panel base installed on a substantially horizontal installation surface while supporting the solar panel group by inclining the solar panel group at a predetermined angle. Have
Between the solar panel group and the installation surface, a gap for snowfall is provided, and a lower solar panel disposed in the lower stage of the solar panel group, and an upper stage thereof. Between the upper-stage solar panel, the reverse step dropped in the vertical direction with respect to the inclined surface of the lower-stage solar panel, and the parallel gap formed in a direction parallel to the inclined surface, A solar panel unit having a vertical gap formed in a direction perpendicular to the inclined surface.   The reverse step, the parallel gap, and the vertical gap are formed between the lowermost solar panel and the upper-side solar panel, and at least one other solar light The solar panel unit according to claim 1, which is also formed between panels.   A panel for forming the reverse step between the solar panel mount and the solar panel by inclining the solar panel with the lower end as a fulcrum so that the upper end is separated from the solar panel mount. The solar panel unit of Claim 1 or Claim 2 with which the mounting part is provided.   A solar power generation apparatus using the solar panel unit comprising the solar panel unit according to any one of claims 1 to 3 and a power storage facility for storing electric power generated by the solar panel unit.   The solar panel unit comprising the solar panel unit according to any one of claims 1 to 3 and a power conditioner that converts a direct current generated by the solar panel unit into an alternating current. Was a solar power generator.