JP2011099213A - Structure of headrace for water gauge - Google Patents

Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a structure of a headrace for a water gauge capable of maintaining a measurement accuracy for the water level of a river by providing, to a headrace part, a member for preventing sediment and the like from easily flowing into the headrace for the water gauge. <P>SOLUTION: In this structure of the headrace for the water gauge, to conduct water from a river, a sea, a dam, or a lake to a position where the water gauge for measuring the water level of the river or the like is installed, one end forms the headrace part 1 opening at the bottom part of the river or the like and the other end forms a water level tower 2 which is vertically installed so as to form a water surface vertically moving according to a variation in the water level of the river or the like and in which the level gauge is installed. The headrace part 1 is provided with conductive pipes 7 which project from the bottom part into water and have conductive ports 9 at the upper ends, respectively. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2011,JPO&INPIT

Description

  The present invention relates to a water level meter conduit structure for a water level meter that measures the water level of rivers, lakes, seas, and dams. The present invention relates to a waterway structure for a water level meter that can suppress the amount of earth and sand that is generated.

Accurate measurement of water levels in rivers and the like is important from the viewpoint of flood control, water use, and conservation and maintenance of the natural environment. The water level is continuously measured in order to comprehensively manage rivers, such as prevention of water disasters such as inundation, effective utilization of water resources and securing of river maintenance flow rate. As one of the water level measurement methods, a float type water level gauge is used. And when using a float-type water level gauge, a cylindrical body with a sealed bottom so that the float is not affected by the flow or waves of rivers, etc., and more accurate water level can be measured stably. A method of installing a float in a breakwater tube made of

A plurality of holes for taking in river water and the like are provided on the side surface of the breakwater pipe, and river water and the like enter and exit through these holes. However, when river water or the like flows in, the earth and sand contained in the river water or the like also flows into the wave breaker and accumulates in the lower part of the wave breaker. And when the amount of accumulation increases, the movement of the float to the downward direction becomes impossible and the water level which can be measured correctly has been limited. In view of this, for example, Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2007-78561 “Float type water level gauge breaker tube” is proposed.
Patent Document 1 describes a float type water level gauge breaker tube that can easily discharge sediments such as earth and sand accumulated inside.

  Such a breakwater tube is inserted and installed from the upper surface of the water surface to the lower surface of the water in a place where a relatively high water level is maintained, such as a harbor or an estuary. If the wave breaker itself is not installed to reach the bottom of the seabed, riverbed, etc., the low water level part where the wave breaker has not reached cannot be measured because the float cannot move. It is. Even when a breakwater pipe is installed so as to reach the seabed, etc., the sediment moves as described above at the bottom of the breakwater pipe, so the float moves to the low water level part. It becomes impossible. Therefore, the method using a breakwater tube is not suitable for measuring the water level in the upstream or middle stream of a river where low water level measurement is required.

Therefore, for the measurement of the water level upstream and in the middle of the river, instead of using a breakwater tube, it is for a float type water level meter that guides the river water from the bottom of the river to the inside of the water level tower equipped with the water level meter. A conduit structure is used.
FIG. 6 shows a schematic cross-sectional view of a conventional float-type water level meter conduit structure viewed from the downstream side of the river. The water channel structure for a float type water level meter is composed of a water conduit 1 b and a water conduit 3. The water guide portion 1 b provided on the river bed 4 includes a lid-like member 5 having an opening 6 and is detachably attached to the water guide channel 3. One end of the water conduit 3 disposed in the ground is erected as a water level tower 2.

Since the water channel structure for the float type water level gauge has the opening 6 in the water guide 1 b, river water can freely enter and exit the river channel 8 and the water channel 3 through the hole 6. Therefore, the water surface 12 formed in the water level tower portion (water level tower portion 3a) of the water conduit 3 goes up and down so as to maintain the same water level as the river water level 13 with the fluctuation of the river water level 13, It is always formed at the same height as the river water level 13. The water level tower 2 is provided with a float-type water level gauge 10 so that the float 9 floating on the water surface 12 moves up and down following the height fluctuation of the water surface 12. Therefore, the river water level 13 can be measured by measuring the height of the water surface 12 formed in the water level tower portion 3a using the float type water level gauge 10.
JP 2007-78561 A

  FIG. 7 is an explanatory view schematically showing the relationship between the water guide section 1b of the conventional water channel structure for float type water level gauge and the deposit 20b in the water guide path 3, and (a) is a cross section seen from the left bank side. A figure is shown, (b) shows sectional drawing seen from the river downstream. As shown in FIG. 7A, the water guide portion 1 b is provided so as to have the same height as the river bed 4 with the opening portion 6 facing upward. Therefore, the falling material such as earth and sand 20a sent from the upstream of the river falls into the water conduit 3 from the opening 6 or flows in along with the river water and accumulates. In particular, gravel or coarse sand having a large diameter that constitutes a riverbed material easily falls from the opening 6 and enters the water conduit 3 when moving to the downstream side. The amount will increase in a short time and will contain a large amount of gravel. When the amount of the sediment 20b in the water conduit 3 increases, the water conduit 3 is blocked by the sediment 20b as shown in FIG. 7 (b), thus preventing the river water from entering and exiting the water level tower 3a. It is done. Therefore, the followability of the water surface 12 formed in the water level tower portion 3a to the fluctuation of the river water level 13 is deteriorated, resulting in a problem that an accurate water level cannot be measured.

  As described above, in the float-type water level meter conduit structure, inflow and accumulation of the flowing-down substance into the conduit 3 becomes a problem as in the case where the breakwater pipe is used. However, since the structure does not have a wave breaker, the technique described in Patent Document 1 cannot be applied, and the operation of removing the deposit 20b by periodically removing the lid-like member 5 is performed. However, since the sediment 20b contains a large amount of large-diameter gravel, coarse sand, etc., it must be performed by a large number of people using a scoop or the like, which is a long time operation and is economically burdensome. It was a thing. Moreover, since it must enter the river channel 8 and work for a long time, it was dangerous.

  The present invention has been proposed to solve the above-described problems. That is, an object of the present invention is to provide a member that suppresses sediment and the like from easily flowing into the waterway for the water level gauge in the water conveyance section, thereby allowing the water surface formed in the water level tower to follow the fluctuation of the river water level. Is to provide a waterway structure for a water level gauge that can reduce the deterioration of the water level and maintain the measurement accuracy of the river water level.

  In order to achieve the above object, the water level conduit for the water level meter according to the first aspect of the present invention is used to guide water from a river or the like to the installation position of a water level meter that measures the water level of a river, sea, dam, or lake. Water level (1) with one end open at the bottom of a river or the like, and the other end standing to form a water surface that rises and falls following changes in the water level of a river, etc. In the water channel structure for the water level meter that is a tower (2), the water conduit (1) is provided with a water conduit (7) that projects from the bottom of the water toward the water and has a water inlet (9) at the upper end. It is characterized by.

  In the first aspect, the water conduit structure for the water level gauge according to the second aspect of the present invention has a structure that allows the water pipe (7) to be rotated around the rising axis of the water pipe (7), thereby changing the water flow. Accordingly, the water flow port (9) is prevented from facing the flowing direction of water such as a river by moving so as to reduce the water flow resistance.

  The water level meter conduit structure of the third aspect of the present invention, in the second aspect, includes a direction in which the water pipe (7) includes a rising axis of the water pipe (7) and intersects the water inlet. The present invention is characterized in that a flat plate-like fin is provided.

  In the second aspect or the third aspect, the water conduit for the water level meter according to the fourth aspect of the present invention is such that the water pipe (7) is L-shaped and the water inlet (9) is in the downstream direction at normal times. It is installed so that it may open and face.

  In any one of the second to fourth aspects, the water level meter conduit structure of the fifth aspect of the present invention is parallel to the water flow direction at the lower part of the water inlet (9) in the water pipe (7). A blocking member (15) extending in a direction is attached.

  The water guide portion of the water level guide conduit structure of the present invention is provided with a water pipe that protrudes from the water bottom portion toward the water and has a water inlet at the top. By installing such water pipes, earth and sand and floating in the water channel can be secured while ensuring free access of river water between the water channel of the river and the water channel of the water level meter. It can prevent inflow and accumulation of objects (wood chips, garbage, etc.).

In the case of a river, earth and sand (sediment) sent from upstream is classified into three types according to the movement type. Flowing sand consisting of fine particles such as silt and clay, floating sand that flows, slides, and swells in the vicinity of the river bed (swivel sand), floats from the river bed depending on the flow capability of the flow (floating sand), and sediment. It is a sand that is taken in and flows down without settling (wash load). Moreover, when sand particles and scavenging sand that are stationary on the river bed material are subjected to the force caused by the vertical disturbance of the flow, they are taken into the water from the river bed and become floating sand.
In seas, dams, and lakes, sediment movement similar to rivers occurs due to inflow of river water, tides and wave flows.

  In the water level meter conduit structure of the present invention, the water inlet for introducing river water or the like is located at the upper end of the water pipe and is located away from the water bottom such as the river bed. Therefore, it is possible to prevent the sweeping sand that moves while rolling near the bottom of the riverbed or the like from flowing into and accumulating into the water channel through the water inlet. In addition, if the water inlet is opened so as not to face the flowing water direction, it is also possible to suppress the inflow and accumulation of suspended sand and suspended matter in the water conduit. In addition, by suppressing sedimentation of liquid sand, etc., it is possible to prevent the vertical movement of the water surface in the water level tower following the river water level fluctuation from being hindered by sediments in the water conduit, and to maintain the measurement accuracy of the river water level. it can.

  Furthermore, by suppressing the inflow and accumulation of earth and sand, it is possible to increase the span of the conventional removal work of the sediment in the water conduit, and the economic burden can be reduced. Moreover, since the inflow and accumulation of gravel, coarse sand, etc. (sweeping sand / floating sand) can be suppressed as described above, it is only necessary to remove deposits mainly composed of fine sand, clay and silt (wash load). Therefore, it is not necessary to work with a scoop etc. in the flow path of rivers, etc., and air can be blown from the water level tower side to remove deposits. There is little nature. Work time can be shortened.

It is the schematic sectional drawing which looked at the conduit structure for water level gauges of Example 1 of the present invention from the river downstream side. It is explanatory drawing which represented the water conveyance part of Example 1 of this invention typically. It is another example of Example 1, and shows schematic sectional drawing of the substantially reverse J-shaped water flow pipe 7b. The operation | movement of the water flow pipe of the waterway structure for water level gauges of Example 2 of this invention is represented typically, (a) is a front view, (b) is a side view, (c) is a top view. It is the water conveyance part 1a of the water channel structure for water level gauges of Example 3 of this invention, (a) is the side view seen from the left bank side, (b) is a front view. It is the schematic sectional drawing which looked at the conventional water channel structure for float type water level gauges from the river downstream side. It is explanatory drawing which represented typically the relationship between the water guide part of the conventional water channel structure for float type water level gauges, and the deposit in a water channel, (a) shows sectional drawing seen from the left bank side, (b) Shows a cross-sectional view seen from the downstream side of the river.

  The conduit structure for a water level meter according to the present invention is provided with a water conduit having a water inlet at the upper end portion thereof, so that sand flows and the like flows into and accumulates in the water conduit without hindering the flow of water in a river or the like. This is what suppresses this.

Hereinafter, a preferred embodiment of the present invention will be described based on the drawings for a river.
FIG. 1 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a water level meter conduit structure of Example 1 as viewed from the downstream side of a river, and FIG. 2 is an explanatory diagram schematically showing a water conduit part of Example 1.

As shown in FIG. 1, the water level meter conduit structure of Example 1 is a water level meter conduit structure in which an L-shaped water pipe having a water passage opening toward the downstream side of the river is disposed in the water conduit. It is.
The conduit structure for the water level meter of the first embodiment is standing in order to form a water surface that has one end opened at the bottom of a river or the like, and the other end follows a water level change such as a river. It is the structure provided with the water conduit 3 which comprises the water level tower 2 to perform. The water guide portion 1 a includes a lid-like member 5 provided on the river bed 4, which is a water bottom, and a substantially inverted L-shaped water pipe 7 a having one end disposed in the opening 6 of the lid-like member 5. The water flow pipe 7a is provided so as to protrude toward the river flow path 8 and opens the water flow opening 9 toward the downstream side of the river. The water guide channel 3 is erected so as to constitute a water level tower 2 that is bent vertically upward from the ground at a required position on the river bank through the basement and has a height necessary for measurement. The water level tower 2 is provided with a float type water level gauge 11 having a float 10. In addition, a water bottom part is not restricted to a flat part like the river bed 4 shown in FIG. 1, but the part which inclines toward the shore direction from a water bottom is also included.

  Since the water pipe 7a has the water inlet 9 opened with respect to the river flow path 8, river water can freely move in and out of the river flow path 8 and the water conduit 3 through the water pipe 7a. The water level 12 formed in the portion (water level tower portion 3a) disposed in the water level tower 2 of the water channel 3 by the introduced river water is the same as the river water level 13 as the river water level 13 fluctuates. Since it goes up and down to maintain the height, it is always the same height as the river water level 13. The float 10 moves up and down following the height fluctuation of the water surface 12. Therefore, by measuring the height of the water surface 12 formed in the water level tower portion 3a with the float type water level meter 11, the accurate river water level 13 can be stably measured without being affected by the flow or vortex of the river. I can do it.

  In rivers, falling sediments such as sediment and suspended solids are carried on the river water from upstream. As described above, when the water conduit 1a is not provided in the water guide section 1a, the opening 6 is at the same height as the river bed 4 and the hole is facing upward, so that the flow-through is directly opened. It falls into the water conduit 3 from the hole 6. For this reason, the amount of sediment increases in a short period of time, and the water conduit 3 is blocked, the followability of the water surface 12 to the fluctuation of the river water level 13 is deteriorated, and the accurate water level cannot be measured. Has occurred.

  In FIG. 2, the sweeping sand 21, the floating sand 22, and the wash load 23 which comprise the flowing sand 20a are shown typically. As shown in FIG. 2, the water inlet 9 through which river water enters and exits is arranged at the upper end of the water pipe 7 a that protrudes toward the river channel 8, so that the sweep that moves in the vicinity of the river bed 4 along the river bed 4 is performed. The falling sand 21 can be prevented from falling into the water conduit 3. Further, even when the amount of the scavenging sand 21 increases and moves near the water inlet 9, the scavenging sand 21 moves in the downstream direction. Therefore, by directing the water inlet 9 of the water conduit 7a toward the downstream side of the river, the water inlet 9 Can be more effectively suppressed. In addition, the floating sand 22 supplied from the river bed 4 near the upstream side of the water conduit 7a and floating and moving in the downstream direction can directly flow in on the water flow by directing the water inlet 9 toward the downstream side of the river. Can be disturbed.

  As a result, it is possible to prevent deterioration of the followability of the water surface 12 with respect to fluctuations in the river water level 13 due to an increase in the sediment 20b in the water conduit 3, and the measurement accuracy of the river water level 13 can be maintained. Moreover, since the amount of the deposit 20b is reduced by providing the water pipe 7a, it is possible to shorten the time for removing the deposit 20b in the water conduit 3 or to increase the span of the removing operation. Further, since the inflow and accumulation of the scavenging sand 21 and floating sand 22 having a relatively large diameter made of gravel and coarse sand can be prevented, the sediment 20b is mainly composed of clay, silt, etc. (wash load 23), and the removal work is easy. It becomes.

  The shape of the water pipe 7a provided in the water guide section 1a is not limited to a substantially inverted L shape, and may be any water pipe that protrudes from the water bottom portion toward the water and has a water passage at the upper end portion. FIG. 3 is another example of the first embodiment, and shows a schematic cross-sectional view of a substantially inverted J-shaped water pipe 7b.

As shown in FIG. 3, the water pipe 7b has a substantially inverted J shape, and has an end portion 71 extending in the vertical direction on the water inlet 9 side of the water pipe 7b, thereby effectively preventing inflow of sand and the like. It is something that can be done.
Since the water passage 9 does not face the water flow direction in the water pipe 7b, the water flow at the end 71 in the water pipe 7b is hardly affected by the water flow of the river. As long as there is no sudden change in the river water level, the water that has entered from the water inlet 9 in the water pipe 7b slowly moves through the end 71. Therefore, the gravity sand that acts on the sand particles while flowing into the water inlet 9 together with the river water moves upward in the vertical direction at the end 71 (before passing through the curved portion of the water pipe 7b). Since it sinks by becoming larger than the force by a water flow, as shown in FIG. 3, it can suppress flowing in into a water conduit.

  The shape of the water flow opening 9 is not limited to a circle, and the shape of the water flow pipe 7 is not limited to a cylindrical shape. Any shape that allows river water to freely enter and exit is acceptable. As for the size of the water inlet 9 and the height from the river bed, it is necessary to consider the water level of the river, etc. that needs to be measured. be able to.

  The shape of the water conduit 3 is not limited as long as it has a shape capable of guiding river water to the water level tower 3a. In places where drought conditions are assumed, it is conceivable that air flows into the water conduit 3. Therefore, in the underground portion (3 b) embedded in the horizontal direction of the water conduit 3, the water guide portion from the water level tower 2 side. It is desirable to incline the ceiling so as to increase toward the 1a side. When the air flowing in and staying in the underground part 3b flows in the direction of the water level tower 2 where the float 9 is floated and becomes a bubble and rises in the water level tower part 3a, the water surface 12 becomes unstable and accurate. This is because the water level cannot be measured. Further, the portion (3c) located below the water guide portion 1a of the water guide passage 3 is longer that the inside of the water guide passage 3 is blocked by the deposit 20b if the volume is increased, for example, by providing a sand collecting portion. The period can be prevented.

  In the water channel structure for the water level meter of the second embodiment, an L-shaped water conduit 7d having fins is rotatably disposed in the opening 6 of the water conduit 1a. 4A and 4B schematically show the operation of the water conduit 7d of the water conduit structure for the water level gauge of Example 2, where FIG. 4A is a front view, FIG. 4B is a side view, and FIG. 4C is a plan view.

  The water conduit 7d has a structure that can rotate in the water conduit 1a. As shown in FIGS. 4 (a) and 4 (b), the L-shaped water conduit is substantially filled with a gap between the bent portions. Triangular flat fins 14 are fixed. As shown in FIG. 4 (c), the water conduit 7d rotates so as to reduce the resistance to the flow when the flow direction of the river changes. If the flow of the river is fast, even if there is no fin 14, the water pipe moves so that the water inlet 9 is directed in the direction of water flow so as to reduce fluid resistance, but the flow of the river is slow. In some cases, the movement becomes dull. However, since the fins 14 are fixed, the water pipe 7d can move easily and quickly according to the change of the water flow.

  The river flow is turbulent, and various factors such as the river flow rate, flow velocity, and river bed shape are intertwined to form complex vortices. In addition, a Karman vortex, a horseshoe vortex, or the like may occur due to the water pipe 7d protruding into the river channel. If the water pipe 7d is pivotally attached to the water guide section 1a, the direction of the opening (the water inlet 9) of the water pipe 7d is always changed to correspond to such a complicated flow of the river and the change of the flow. It can be directed in a direction that does not face the direction. As a result, it is possible to more efficiently prevent the falling material such as the sweeping sand from flowing in.

  The shape of the water flow pipe 7d is not limited to the L shape. What is necessary is just to be able to arrange | position so that the water flow opening 9 may turn so that it may not face in a flowing water direction. Also, the shape and position of the fins are not limited to the shape of the present embodiment as long as the water pipe 7d can be easily rotated with a change in the water flow.

  5A and 5B show the water guide portion 1a of the water level indicator conduit structure of Example 3, wherein FIG. 5A is a side view seen from the left bank side, and FIG. 5B is a front view. Only the shape of the water conduit is different from the water conduit structure for the water level gauge of the first embodiment.

  As shown in FIG. 5, in the water conduit 7 e of this embodiment, a blocking member 15 is provided between the water inlet 9 and the lid-like member 5. The blocking member 15 has a plate shape and is curved in a convex shape upward in the vertical direction so that the longitudinal direction is a straight line. One end of the blocking member 15 has a through hole having a substantially circular shape in plan view, and is disposed so as to be fitted into the water pipe 7e. The central portion of the blocking member 15 in the longitudinal direction is the periphery of the lower part of the water inlet 9 of the water pipe 7e. It touches the surface.

  When the river flows faster due to heavy rain, the amount of suspended sand 22 supplied from the riverbed increases. However, if the blocking member 15 is provided below the water inlet 9 of the water pipe 7e, the water blocking member 15 is covered. Therefore, as shown in FIG. 5A, the floating supplied from the river bed in the vicinity of the water pipe 7e. It is possible to prevent the sand 22 from approaching the water inlet 9 and flowing into the water pipe 7e from the water inlet 9. In addition, the blocking member 15 can also prevent the sweeping sand 21 that swells in the vicinity of the river bed from flowing. Therefore, even if the height of the water inlet 9 from the river bed 4 is low, the effect of preventing the inflow of the floating sand 22 and the scavenging sand 21 can be obtained. Therefore, measurement is possible even in a place where the water level 13 of the river is low.

The upper surface of the blocking member 15 is preferably curved as described above. When the flow of river water or the like becomes slow, the sediment 20a or the like is deposited on the blocking member 15. Flowing sand 20a and the like deposited on the blocking member 15 block the water inlet 9 and flow into the water conduit from the water inlet 9. However, if it is a curved shape as shown in FIG.5 (b), since the flowing sand 20a rolls off from on the interruption | blocking member 15, it can prevent that it accumulates. Further, the blocking member 15 of this embodiment also serves as the above-described fin due to its shape.
The blocking member 15 is not limited to a plate shape, but may be any shape that can prevent the floating sand 22 and the flowing sand 21 from flowing in. For example, if the blocking member has a substantially semi-cylindrical shape that also covers the space from the lower side in the vertical direction of the blocking member 15 to the lid-like member 5 and is disposed directly on the lid-like member 5, There is no sediment. Since there is no riverbed material itself, it is possible to reduce the amount of floating sand 22 and scavenging sand 21 flowing near the water inlet 9.

The water pipes described in Examples 1 to 3 can be used in various combinations in consideration of the environment of the installation location, the flow velocity, the presence or absence of backflow, and the like.
Moreover, the present invention is not limited to the measurement of water levels in rivers and the like, and can be applied to measurement of various water levels as long as a water level meter conduit structure such as the water level of seas, dams, lakes, and hydroelectric power generation channels is provided. In addition to the float type water level meter, an ultrasonic water level meter, a laser type water level meter, or the like can be used for measuring the water level.

1a, b Water transfer section 2 Water level tower 3 Water transfer paths 7a to e Water pipe 9 Water inlet 12 Water surface formed inside the water level tower 13 River water level

Claims (5)

In order to conduct water from a river, etc. to the position where a water level gauge that measures the water level of rivers, seas, dams, lakes, etc., one end is a water conveyance section (1) that opens at the bottom of the river, etc., and the other end is the water level of a river, etc. In the waterway structure for the water level gauge, which is erected to form a water surface that rises and falls following the fluctuation, and has become a water level tower (2) where the water level gauge is installed,
A water conduit structure for a water level meter, characterized in that the water conduit (1) is provided with a water conduit (7) protruding from the bottom of the water toward the water and having a water inlet (9) at the upper end.   The water pipe (7) is structured to be rotatable around the rising axis of the water pipe (7), and moves so as to reduce the water flow resistance in accordance with the change of the water flow, so that the water inlet (9) is connected to a river or the like. 2. The conduit structure for a water level meter according to claim 1, wherein the water channel is configured not to face in the direction of water flow.   The flat pipe-like fin which includes the rising axis of the water pipe (7) and extends in a direction intersecting with the water inlet is provided in the water pipe (7). Water conduit structure for water level gauge.   The water level meter conduit structure according to claim 2 or 3, characterized in that the water pipe (7) is L-shaped and the water inlet (9) is installed to open in the downstream direction. .   The blocking pipe (7) extended in the direction parallel to a flowing water direction was attached to the said water pipe (7) at the lower part of the water flow opening (9), The any one of Claim 2 thru | or 4 characterized by the above-mentioned. The waterway structure for the water level meter described in 1.

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