JP2011097069A - Semiconductor device - Google Patents

Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a semiconductor device improving mobilities of electrons and holes as the temperature rises. <P>SOLUTION: The semiconductor device is equipped with: an N-type insulated-gate field effect transistor N1 which has a gate electrode provided on a P-well in a semiconductor substrate, a source and drain provided separately in the P-well so as to interpose the gate electrode, and a first insulating layer 20 provided extending from the source surface to the drain surface over a gate electrode and having a negative expansion coefficient which applies tensile stress to the channel region the transistor N1; and a P-type insulated gate field effect transistor P1 which has a gate electrode provided on an N-well in the semiconductor substrate, a source and drain provided separately in the N-well so as to interpose the gate electrode, and a second insulating layer 30 provided extending from the source surface to the drain surface over the gate electrode and having a positive expansion coefficient which applies compressive stress to the channel region of the transistor P1. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2011,JPO&INPIT

Description

  The present invention relates to a semiconductor device and is applied to, for example, a MOS transistor in which mobility of electrons or holes is changed by applying stress to a semiconductor substrate.

  Conventionally, an insulated gate field effect transistor represented by a metal oxide semiconductor (MOS) type and a metal insulator semiconductor (MIS) type as one of active elements constituting a large-scale integration (LSI). (Hereinafter referred to as a transistor) is known. The number of transistors in the LSI is enormous due to the further miniaturization of the transistors. For this reason, the amount of heat generated from the LSI has become enormous in proportion to the number of transistors. As a result, there is a problem that the mobility of electrons or holes (carriers) is reduced because the lattice vibration of silicon or the like constituting the transistor becomes intense and one of the thermal disturbances.

  Therefore, for example, a semiconductor device has been proposed in which an insulating material that applies stress is embedded in a semiconductor substrate provided with a transistor, and a desired stress is applied to the channel region of the transistor to improve the mobility of electrons or holes ( For example, see Patent Document 1).

  However, in such a configuration, the stress that can be given by the insulating material is constant with respect to the temperature rise of the semiconductor substrate or the like. For this reason, when the temperature of the LSI rises from room temperature to a high temperature (for example, about 200 ° C.), the effect of stress becomes insufficient due to the more intense thermal disturbance of silicon or the like, and the mobility of electrons or holes is reduced. There was a problem of reduction.

  As described above, the conventional semiconductor device has a situation in which the mobility of electrons or holes decreases as the temperature rises.

Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2004-63591

  The present invention provides a semiconductor device capable of improving the mobility of electrons or holes as the temperature rises.

  According to one aspect of the present invention, a gate electrode provided on a P well in a semiconductor substrate, a source or drain provided in isolation in the P well so as to sandwich the gate electrode, and the source or drain An N-type insulated gate field effect transistor including a first insulating layer provided from above the drain over the gate electrode and having a negative expansion coefficient and applying tensile stress to the channel region; A gate electrode provided on the well, a source or drain provided in the N well so as to sandwich the gate electrode, and a positive electrode provided on the gate electrode from above the source or drain. Device having a P-type insulated gate field effect transistor having a second insulating layer having a coefficient of expansion of 2 and applying a compressive stress to the channel region. .

  According to one aspect of the present invention, an N-type insulated gate field effect transistor including a first insulating layer provided along the sidewall of the gate electrode and having a negative expansion coefficient and applying tensile stress to the channel region; A semiconductor device comprising a P-type insulated gate field effect transistor provided along the sidewall of the gate electrode and having a second insulating layer having a positive expansion coefficient and applying compressive stress to the channel region can be provided. .

  According to one aspect of the present invention, a gate electrode provided on a semiconductor substrate, a source or drain provided in the semiconductor substrate so as to sandwich the gate electrode, and the source or drain from above A first insulating layer provided over the gate electrode and applying a first tensile stress to the channel region; and provided on the first insulating layer in a direction intersecting the first insulating layer; It is possible to provide a semiconductor device including an insulated gate field effect transistor including a second insulating layer that applies a second tensile stress along a direction that intersects and intersects with the first tensile stress.

According to one aspect of the present invention, an N-type insulated gate field effect transistor including an insulating layer having a negative expansion coefficient and applying tensile stress to the channel region is provided, and the insulating layer has a negative expansion coefficient. It is possible to provide a semiconductor device including at least one of pyroceramics having HfW ₂ O ₈ , ZrW ₂ O ₈ , Nb ₂ O ₅ , and SiO ₂ (faujasite).

According to one aspect of the present invention, a P-type insulated gate field effect transistor including an insulating layer having a positive expansion coefficient and applying compressive stress to the channel region is provided, and the insulating layer has a positive expansion coefficient. A semiconductor device including at least one of pyroceramics having glass, glass having a positive expansion coefficient, Si ₃ N ₄ , Al ₂ O ₃ , and AlN can be provided.

  According to the present invention, a semiconductor device capable of improving the mobility of electrons or holes as the temperature rises can be obtained.

1 is a cross-sectional view showing a semiconductor device according to a first embodiment of the present invention. 1 is a timing chart for explaining a method for manufacturing a semiconductor device according to a first embodiment of the present invention; Sectional drawing for demonstrating the manufacturing method of the semiconductor device which concerns on 1st Embodiment of this invention. Sectional drawing for demonstrating the manufacturing method of the semiconductor device which concerns on 1st Embodiment of this invention. Sectional drawing for demonstrating the manufacturing method of the semiconductor device which concerns on 1st Embodiment of this invention. Sectional drawing for demonstrating the manufacturing method of the semiconductor device which concerns on 1st Embodiment of this invention. Sectional drawing for demonstrating the manufacturing method of the semiconductor device which concerns on 1st Embodiment of this invention. The figure for demonstrating the manufacturing method of the semiconductor device which concerns on 1st Embodiment of this invention, and shows the relationship between the temperature-crystal nucleus formation rate and the temperature-crystal nucleus growth rate. Sectional drawing for demonstrating the manufacturing method of the semiconductor device which concerns on 1st Embodiment of this invention. Sectional drawing for demonstrating the manufacturing method of the semiconductor device which concerns on 1st Embodiment of this invention. Sectional drawing which shows the semiconductor device which concerns on 2nd Embodiment of this invention. The figure for demonstrating the laser ablation method of the manufacturing method of the semiconductor device which concerns on 2nd Embodiment of this invention. Sectional drawing for demonstrating the manufacturing method of the semiconductor device which concerns on 2nd Embodiment of this invention. Sectional drawing which shows the semiconductor device which concerns on 3rd Embodiment of this invention. Sectional drawing which shows the semiconductor device which concerns on 4th Embodiment of this invention. A top view showing a semiconductor device concerning a 5th embodiment of this invention. FIG. 17 is a cross-sectional view taken along line AA ′ in FIG. 16.

  Embodiments of the present invention will be described below with reference to the drawings. In this description, common parts are denoted by common reference symbols throughout the drawings.

[First Embodiment]
A semiconductor device according to a first embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to FIG. FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional view schematically showing the semiconductor device according to the first embodiment.

  As shown in the figure, an N-type NMOS transistor N1 is provided on a P-well 13 in a P-type semiconductor (silicon, etc.) substrate (P-sub) 11 separated by an element isolation film 12. A P-type PMOS transistor P1 is provided on an N-well 13 in the same substrate 11. An interlayer insulating film 35 is provided so as to cover the transistor N1 and P1.

  The NMOS transistor N1 includes a gate insulating film 14, a gate electrode 15, a source / drain 16, silicide layers 15S and 16S, a spacer 17, an insulating layer 20, and a source / drain contact plug 31.

  The gate insulating film 14 is provided on the P well 13 in the semiconductor substrate 11. The gate electrode 15 is provided on the gate insulating film 14. The source / drain 16 is provided in the P well 13 so as to sandwich the gate electrode 15 therebetween. The silicide layer 15S is provided on the gate electrode 15, and the silicide layer 16S is provided on the source / drain 16. The insulating layer 20 is provided continuously over the silicide layer 16S, the spacer 17, and the silicide layer 15S. The source / drain contact plug 31 penetrates the interlayer insulating film 35 and the insulating layer 20 and is provided on the surface of the source / drain 16.

In this embodiment, the insulating layer 20 is an insulating layer formed of so-called pyroceramics including an amorphous matrix layer 22 and crystal bodies 21 scattered in the amorphous matrix layer 22. The crystal body 21 is made of, for example, LiAlSiO ₄ . The insulating layer 20 as a whole has a negative expansion coefficient (negative expansion coefficient) [ΔV / V / ΔT] (V: volume, T: temperature, ΔV: volume change). Here, the negative expansion coefficient refers to the rate at which the volume decreases as the temperature increases. The expansion coefficient of the insulating layer 20 according to this embodiment is, for example, about −8 × 10 ⁻⁶ / K. The crystal body 21 has a negative expansion coefficient, and the amorphous matrix layer 22 has a positive expansion coefficient. Therefore, it is desirable that the ratio of the crystal body 21 in the entire insulating layer 20 is larger than that in the amorphous matrix layer 22.

  The PMOS transistor P1 includes a gate insulating film 24, a gate electrode 25, a source / drain 26, silicide layers 25S and 26S, a spacer 27, an insulating layer 30, and a source / drain contact plug 32.

  The gate insulating film 24 is provided on the N well 23. The gate electrode 25 is provided on the gate insulating film 24. The source / drain 26 is provided separately in the N well 23 with the gate electrode 25 interposed therebetween. The silicide layer 25S is provided on the gate electrode 25, and the silicide layer 26S is provided on the source / drain 26. The insulating layer 30 is provided continuously over the silicide layer 26S, the spacer 27, and the silicide layer 25S. The source / drain contact plug 32 penetrates the interlayer insulating film 35 and the insulating layer 30 and is provided on the surface of the source / drain 26.

The insulating layer 30 is a liner insulating layer formed of, for example, Si ₃ N ₄ or the like. Furthermore, the insulating layer 30 has a positive expansion coefficient (positive expansion coefficient) [ΔV / V / ΔT] (V: volume, T: temperature, ΔV: volume change). Here, the positive expansion coefficient refers to a rate at which the volume increases as the temperature increases.

<Operation>
Next, the operation of the semiconductor device according to this embodiment will be described.

  In the case of the NMOS transistor N1, for example, a desired voltage is applied to the gate electrode 15 and the source / drain 16 in order to operate the transistor N1. Then, the transistor N1 generates heat due to the current flowing through the channel.

  When this heat is conducted to the insulating layer 20, the insulating layer 20 is compressed according to its negative expansion coefficient. Therefore, a stress 18 is generated in the insulating layer 20 from the source / drain 16 along the silicide layer 15S. As a result, tensile stress is applied to the channel region 19 along the channel length direction. Here, the stress 18 is, for example, about 80 to 100 [GPa].

  In the case of the PMOS transistor P1, for example, a desired voltage is applied to the gate electrode 25 and the source / drain 26 in order to operate the transistor P1. Then, the transistor P1 generates heat due to the current flowing through the channel.

  When this heat is conducted to the insulating layer 30, the insulating layer 30 expands according to its own positive expansion coefficient. Therefore, a stress 28 is generated in the insulating layer 30 along the source / drain 26 from the silicide layer 25S. As a result, compressive stress is applied to the channel region 29 along the channel length direction. Here, the stress 28 is, for example, about several to several tens [GPa].

  It should be noted that the same operation can be obtained not only in the case of heat generation due to the operation voltage of the transistors N1 and P1 as described above, but also by heat generation when the LSI including the transistors N1 and P1 is widely operated. It is.

  As described above, according to the semiconductor device of this embodiment, the following effects (1) and (2) can be obtained.

  (1) The mobility of electrons or holes (carriers) can be improved as the LSI temperature increases from room temperature to a higher temperature (for example, about 200 ° C.).

  As described above, in the case of the NMOS transistor N1, heat generated when the transistor N1 operates or the like is conducted to the insulating layer 20, so that the insulating layer 20 is compressed according to its negative expansion coefficient. Therefore, a stress 18 is generated in the insulating layer 20 from the source / drain 16 along the silicide layer 15S. As a result, a tensile stress can be applied to the channel region 19 along the channel length direction.

  Here, in the case of an NMOS transistor, it is known that when a tensile stress is applied to the channel region in the channel length direction, the electron mobility is improved. Therefore, even when the temperature of the substrate 11 and the like rises and becomes high, the electron mobility of the transistor N1 can be improved.

  In the case of the PMOS transistor P1, heat generated when the transistor P1 operates or the like is conducted to the insulating layer 30, so that the insulating layer 30 expands according to its own positive expansion coefficient. Therefore, a stress 28 is generated in the insulating layer 30 along the source / drain 26 from the silicide layer 25S. As a result, compressive stress along the channel length direction can be applied to the channel region 29.

  Therefore, even when the temperature of the substrate 11 or the like rises and becomes high, the mobility of P1 holes can be improved.

  Moreover, since the stresses 18 and 28 increase as the temperature increases, the effect of improving the mobility of electrons or holes becomes more significant as the temperature increases.

  Further, since the volume of the insulating layer 20 is compressed in proportion to the temperature rise, a tensile stress proportional to the temperature rise can be applied to the channel region 19. Similarly, since the volume of the insulating layer 30 expands in proportion to the temperature rise, a compressive stress proportional to the temperature rise can be applied to the channel region 29.

  Therefore, even when the LSI including the transistors N1 and P1 becomes high temperature and a more severe thermal disturbance such as silicon occurs, the mobility of electrons or holes can be prevented from being reduced. As a result, it is very advantageous in that deterioration of transistor characteristics can be prevented under high-temperature conditions such as LSIs associated with recent transistor miniaturization.

  (2) The mobility of electrons or holes in the transistors N1 and P1 can be improved at the same time.

  As described above, the transistors N 1 and P 1 are provided on the same substrate 11, and desired tensile stress and compressive stress can be simultaneously applied to the channel regions 19 and 29 as the temperature rises.

  Therefore, it is advantageous in that the mobility of electrons or holes can be improved simultaneously with respect to both the NMOS transistor N1 and the PMOS transistor P1. As a result, for example, even when the transistors N1 and P1 are applied to a so-called CMOS circuit, it is advantageous in that a CMOS circuit that can improve mobility can be obtained.

  In addition, one end portion of the insulating layer 20 and the insulating layer 30 can be continuously provided so as to be coupled to each other. In that case, when one of the insulating layers 20 and 30 shrinks / extends, the other insulating layers 20 and 30 also easily stretch / shrink. Therefore, it is advantageous in that the stresses 18 and 28 can be increased at the same time, the tensile stress and the compressive stress applied to the channel regions 19 and 29 can be increased at the same time, and the mobility of electrons or holes can be improved at the same time.

<Manufacturing method>
Next, a semiconductor device manufacturing method according to this embodiment will be described with reference to FIGS. 2 to 10 by taking the semiconductor device shown in FIG. 1 as an example.

  FIG. 2 is a time chart for explaining the semiconductor device manufacturing method according to this embodiment. 3 to 7, 9, and 10 are cross-sectional views showing one manufacturing process of the semiconductor device according to this embodiment. FIG. 8 is a diagram showing the relationship between the temperature-crystal nucleus formation rate and the temperature-crystal nucleus growth rate of the semiconductor device according to this embodiment. This description will be made in accordance with the timing chart shown in FIG.

  First, the element isolation film 12 is formed in the semiconductor substrate 11 using a known process, and impurities such as boron (B) and phosphorus (P) are implanted into the NMOS and PMOS formation regions, and the P well 13 and the N Well 23 is formed (not shown). Further, gate insulating films 14 and 24, gate electrodes 15 and 25, source / drains 16 and 26, spacers 17 and 27, and silicide layers 15S, 16S, 25S, and 26S are formed by using known processes (not shown). )

Subsequently, as shown in FIG. 3, a silicon nitride (Si ₃ N ₄ ) film or the like is deposited on the PMOS formation region 42 by using, for example, a CVD (chemical vapor deposition) method to form a protective film 43. . Thereafter, a silicon oxide film (SiO ₂ ) 45 is formed on the NMOS formation region 41 and the protective film 43 by using, for example, a CVD method.

  Subsequently, as shown in FIG. 4, ions (crystal seeds) such as lithium (Li), aluminum (Al), and titanium (Ti) are formed in the NMOS formation region 41 by, for example, ion implantation using the protective film 43 as a mask. 46 is injected.

  Subsequently, as shown in FIGS. 2 and 5, heat treatment is performed between time t1 and t2, for example, in an oxygen atmosphere at a temperature T1 (for example, about 1000 ° C.) for a time Δt1 (for example, about 10 minutes). As a result, an amorphous layer 47 is formed to be in an amorphous state.

  Subsequently, at time t2, the temperature is decreased to a temperature T2 (for example, about 600 ° C.) at a temperature decrease rate α1. Here, it is desirable that the speed α1 is as large as possible (fast).

  Subsequently, as shown in FIG. 6, during the time t3 to t4, the amorphous layer 47 is annealed for a time Δt2 (for example, about 5 minutes) at a temperature T2 (for example, about 600 ° C.), for example. Then, crystal nuclei 48 are deposited in the amorphous layer 47 at a high density. Here, the size of the crystal nucleus 48 is, for example, about several nanometers (nanometers).

  Furthermore, in the above steps (time t3 to t4), the temperature for performing the heat treatment is desirably a temperature T2 (600 ° C. in this embodiment) at which the crystal nuclei 48 are precipitated most quickly. That is, as indicated by the solid line 51 in FIG. 8, the crystal nucleus 48 is precipitated at the temperature T2 at the fastest speed V1, so that high-density crystal nuclei 48 are formed in a short time.

  Subsequently, at time t4, the amorphous layer 47 having the crystal nuclei 48 is raised to a temperature T3 (for example, about 650 ° C.) at a temperature increase rate α2. Here, the heating rate α2 is desirably large (fast) in order to prevent the crystal nucleus 48 from growing unevenly.

  Subsequently, as shown in FIG. 7, during the time t5 to t6, the amorphous layer 48 including the crystal nucleus 48 is subjected to the time Δt3 (for example, about 10 minutes) at the temperature T3 (for example, about 650 ° C.), for example. The crystal nucleus 48 is formed by growing the crystal nucleus 48 by annealing. At the same time, the crystal nucleus 48 is grown to form the crystal body 21, thereby sufficiently depositing the ions (crystal seeds) 46 implanted by the ion implantation process in the amorphous layer 47, thereby forming the amorphous matrix layer 22. Form. As a result, pyroceramics including the amorphous matrix layer 22 and the crystal body 21 are formed, and the insulating layer 20 is formed. Here, the size of the crystal body 21 is, for example, about several nm to several tens of nm.

  Further, in the above steps (time t5 to t6), the annealing temperature is desirably a temperature T3 at which the crystal nucleus 48 grows the fastest. That is, as indicated by a solid line 52 in FIG. 8, the growth speed of the crystal nucleus 48 at the temperature T3 becomes the fastest growth speed V2, and the crystal nucleus 48 grows in a short time.

  Here, it is not desirable to anneal the region 55 surrounded by the solid lines 51 and 52 in FIG. This is because in the region 55, the density of the crystal nuclei 48 becomes low and the growth cannot be sufficiently performed.

  Subsequently, at time t6, the insulating layer 20 is cooled to about room temperature at a temperature drop rate α3. Here, it is desirable that the speed α3 be as small (slow) as possible in order to relieve internal stress generated by crystal growth.

The insulating layer 20 formed of pyroceramics is manufactured through the above steps. In addition, the composition of the pyroceramics shown in this embodiment is an example, and any composition may be used as long as it can be brought into an amorphous state by a combination of Li ₂ O—Al ₂ O ₃ —SiO ₂ —TiO ₂ or the like.

Subsequently, as shown in FIG. 9, a silicon nitride film or the like is deposited on the insulating layer 20 in the NMOS region 41 by, for example, a CVD method to form a protective film 56. Thereafter, the protective film 43 in the PMOS region 42 is removed. Thereafter, Si ₄ N ₄ or the like having a positive expansion coefficient is deposited on the PMOS formation region 42 and the protective film 56 by using, for example, a CVD method to form the insulating layer 30.

Subsequently, as shown in FIG. 10, the protective film 56 in the NMOS formation region 41 is removed. Thereafter, a silicon oxide film (SiO ₂ ) is deposited on the insulating layer 20 and the insulating layer 30 by using, for example, a CVD method to form an interlayer insulating film 35.

  Subsequently, the interlayer insulating film 35 and the insulating layers 20 and 30 on the source / drains 16 and 26 are removed by using, for example, anisotropic etching such as RIE (Reactive Ion Etching) method to form a trench (FIG. Not shown). Thereafter, for example, Cu or the like is buried in the trench to form source / drain contact plugs 31 and 32 (not shown).

  The semiconductor device shown in FIG. 1 is manufactured by the above manufacturing process.

  As described above, in the method of manufacturing a semiconductor device according to this embodiment, the crystal layer 48 is formed in the amorphous layer 47 by annealing the amorphous layer 47 into which the crystal seed 46 is implanted (FIG. 6). . Subsequently, the amorphous layer 47 is further annealed to grow the crystal nuclei 48 to form the crystal body 21 and the amorphous matrix layer 22 to form the insulating layer 20 made of a pyroceramic material ( FIG. 7).

  As a result, the annealing (heat treatment) process is designed and carried out in two stages: a formation temperature region of the crystal nucleus 48 (time t3 to t4) and a growth temperature region of the crystal body 21 (time t5 to t6). Then, the insulating layer 20 having a negative expansion coefficient as a whole is formed.

  According to the manufacturing method as described above, the following effects (1) to (4) can be obtained.

  (1) The optimal mobility of electrons or holes (carriers) of the transistors P1 and N1 can be selected.

  The magnitudes of tensile stress and compressive stress applied to the channel regions 19 and 29 increase in proportion to the film pressure of the insulating layers 20 and 30 and the length thereof.

Therefore, when forming the silicon oxide film 45 (FIG. 3) and the Si ₄ N ₄ layer 30 (FIG. 9), the conditions such as the reaction time are controlled, and the optimum film thickness and length are selected, whereby the transistor This is advantageous in that the optimum mobility of N1 and P1 electrons or holes can be selected.

  Further, if necessary, for example, the tensile stress or the compressive stress applied to the channel regions 19 and 29 of the transistors N1 and P1 by selecting the thickness of the insulating layer 20 to be about twice the thickness of the insulating layer 30 or the like. The balance of mobility can be adjusted as necessary by changing the size of the.

  (2) Since the expansion coefficient of the insulating layer 20 can be controlled in a wide range by appropriately selecting the thermal process, the optimal expansion coefficient of the insulating layer 20 can be selected for actual device operation.

  As shown in FIG. 8, the insulating layer 20 includes two temperature regions, a temperature region indicated by a solid line 51 where the crystal nucleus 48 is formed and a temperature region indicated by a solid line 52 where the crystal nucleus 48 grows. Therefore, for example, if the heat treatment is performed at a low temperature in the temperature region indicated by the solid line 51 and the heat treatment is performed at the temperature T3 where the crystal nucleus growth rate is the fastest in the temperature region indicated by the solid line 52, the insulating layer 20 having a relatively low expansion coefficient is formed. Can be formed.

  As described above, in the heat treatment step (FIGS. 6 and 7), the temperature (for example, T2, T3) and the time (for example, Δt2, Δt3) indicated by the solid lines 51 and 52 are variously combined. By being able to select, the crystal body 21 and the amorphous matrix layer 22 having various densities and sizes can be formed. This is advantageous in that the expansion coefficient margin can be expanded and the insulating layer 20 having the desired expansion coefficient can be easily formed.

  Further, in the ion implantation step (FIG. 4), the necessary expansion coefficient can be controlled by selecting the type, composition, implantation amount, etc. of the crystal seed 46.

  As described above, even if the composition and the like are the same, the optimum one can be selected in the ion implantation step (FIG. 4) and the heat treatment step (FIGS. 6 and 7). The expansion coefficient can be controlled in a wide range.

  (3) More specifically, for example, by selecting temperatures T2 and T3, time Δt2> time Δt3, the insulating layer 20 having a large negative expansion coefficient and capable of applying a large tensile stress can be formed. it can.

  One aspect of acting as an insulating layer that applies a greater tensile stress to the channel region 19 is that the negative expansion coefficient is larger. For that purpose, it is desirable that the crystal body 21 is formed denser and denser. Here, if the time Δt2 is increased, the density formed by the crystal nuclei 48 can be increased, and if the time Δt3 is increased, one crystal nucleus 48 can be greatly grown to form a large crystal body 21.

  Therefore, when the temperatures T2 and T3 are selected as in this embodiment, both the temperatures T2 and T3 are the temperatures at which the crystal nucleus formation rate / growth rate is the fastest (FIG. 8), so the time Δt2 is the time Δt3. Larger than (time Δt2> time Δt3), it is possible to form the pyroceramic insulating layer 20 in which the crystals 21 are densely and densely formed. If the time Δt2 is too small, the density of the crystal nuclei 48 is lowered, and the crystal body 21 cannot be formed densely. On the other hand, if the time Δt3 is too long, one crystal nucleus 48 grows too much, and cracks due to stress may occur.

  Therefore, the proportion of the crystal body 21 in the insulating layer 20 can be larger than that of the amorphous matrix layer 22. As a result, it is advantageous in that the overall expansion coefficient of the insulating layer 20 can be made negative and the negative expansion coefficient can be made larger.

  (4) The growth of the crystal nuclei 48 can be made uniform, and the stress applied by the insulating layer 20 can be made uniform.

  By making the speed α2 as large as possible (fast), the temperature of the amorphous layer 47 quickly reaches the temperature T3 at which the crystal nucleus 48 grows fastest to prevent temperature non-uniformity. Can be uniform. Therefore, it is advantageous in that the crystal nuclei 48 can be grown uniformly to make the grain size of the crystal 21 uniform, and the stress applied by the insulating layer 20 can be made uniform.

[Second Embodiment]
Next, a semiconductor device according to a second embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to FIG. In this description, the description of the same parts as those in the first embodiment is omitted.

  As shown in the figure, an NMOS transistor N2 is provided on a P well 13 on a semiconductor substrate 11, and a PMOS transistor P1 is provided on an N well 23.

In the semiconductor device according to this embodiment, an HfW ₂ O ₂ layer 61 is provided as an insulating layer having a negative expansion coefficient over the silicide layer 16S, the spacer 17, and the silicide layer 15S. This is different from the first embodiment. The HfW ₂ O ₈ layer 61 has an expansion coefficient of about −10 × 10 ⁻⁶ / K in the range from room temperature to about 800K.

Therefore, when the temperature rises when the transistor N2 operates, the HfW ₂ O ₈ layer 61 is compressed, and a stress 18 is generated from the source / drain 16 along the silicide layer 15S. As a result, a tensile stress along the channel length direction can be applied to the channel region 19 and the electron mobility can be improved.

  Other configurations and operations are the same as those of the first embodiment.

As described above, according to the semiconductor device of this embodiment, the same effects as those of the first embodiment can be obtained. Further, in the semiconductor device according to this embodiment, the HfW ₂ O ₈ layer 61 is provided as an insulating layer having a negative expansion coefficient over the silicide layer 16S, the spacer 17, and the silicide layer 15S. .

Furthermore, the expansion coefficient of the HfW ₂ O ₈ layer 61 changes from about room temperature and changes over a wide range up to about 800K. Therefore, it is advantageous in that it can widely cope with the temperature environment in which the device operates.

As described above, the HfW ₂ O ₈ layer 61 may be applied as necessary.

  Next, a method for manufacturing the semiconductor device according to this embodiment will be described with reference to FIGS. 12 and 13 by taking the semiconductor device shown in FIG. 11 as an example.

First, an aqueous solution of HfOCl ₂ .6H ₂ O is put into an ammonium solution of H ₂ WO ₄ to cause a chemical reaction to form HfW ₂ O ₈ as a reaction product (not shown). The HfW ₂ O ₈ thus obtained is dried, heated to about 1200 ° C. at 600 ° C./h, and kept at this temperature for about 2 hours to form HfW ₂ O ₈ powder (not shown).

Subsequently, as shown in FIG. 12, a ceramic target 63 in a pellet state is produced by sintering the HfW ₂ O ₈ powder.

Subsequently, the target 63 is heated by irradiating the target 63 with the laser beam 65 emitted from the light source 64 by using a laser ablation method, whereby the HfW ₂ O ₈ powder in the target 63 is feathered. Fly in a plume 66.

Subsequently, as shown in FIG. 13, the HfW ₂ O ₈ powder blown into the feather shape 66 is deposited and deposited on the NMOS formation region 41 of the semiconductor substrate 11 to form the HfW ₂ O ₂ layer 61.

  Thereafter, the insulating layer 30 and the interlayer insulating film 35 are formed using the same process as in the first embodiment, and the semiconductor device shown in FIG. 11 is manufactured.

According to the manufacturing method as described above, the same effect as in the first embodiment can be obtained. Furthermore, in the method for manufacturing a semiconductor device according to this embodiment, when the HfW ₂ O ₈ powder is deposited on the NMOS formation region 41 of the semiconductor substrate 11, the temperature of the semiconductor substrate 11 is reduced to, for example, about 400 ° C. Can do.

  Therefore, there is little influence on the implantation profile and the like, which is very effective in that a high-performance device can be manufactured.

Furthermore, the HfW ₂ O ₈ molecules / atoms etc. that are blown from the target 63 to the feathers 66 not only evaporate but also have very high dynamic energy (for example, about 100 million ° C. in terms of temperature). is doing. Therefore, even if the composition is the same, the HfW ₂ O ₈ layer 61 deposited on the substrate 11 can obtain physical properties that cannot be obtained by other methods such as a higher negative expansion coefficient.

  Furthermore, this method is advantageous in that atoms can be stacked one by one and controllability can be improved.

The HfW ₂ O ₈ layer 61 and the like can be formed on the NMOS formation region 41 on the substrate 11 not only by the laser ablation method but also by a sputtering method using the ceramic target 63 as a target.

Furthermore, in this embodiment, the HfW ₂ O ₈ layer 61 has been described as an example of the insulating layer 20, but instead of this HfW ₂ O ₈ layer 61, for example, a ZrW ₂ O ₈ layer, Nb ₂ O It is also possible to apply _five layers or the like. When the ZrW ₂ O ₈ layer is applied, for example, in the range from room temperature to about 1200 ° C., it has a negative expansion coefficient of about −10 × 10 ⁻⁶ / K.

[Third Embodiment]
Next, a semiconductor device according to a third embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to FIG. In this description, the description of the same parts as those in the first embodiment is omitted.

As shown in the figure, a PMOS transistor P2 is provided on the N-well 23. The _second embodiment is different from the first embodiment in that an Al ₂ O ₃ layer 71 is provided as an insulating layer over the silicide layer 26S, the spacer 27, and the silicide layer 25S. The Al ₂ O ₃ layer 71 has a positive expansion coefficient.

  Since the manufacturing method is substantially the same as that of the first embodiment, detailed description thereof is omitted.

As described above, according to the semiconductor device and the manufacturing method thereof according to this embodiment, the same effects as those of the first embodiment can be obtained. Furthermore, in the semiconductor device according to this embodiment, an Al ₂ O ₃ layer 71 is provided as an insulating layer of the PMOS transistor P2. Here, the magnitude of the expansion coefficient is determined by the product of the coefficient of thermal expansion and the elastic coefficient, and the elastic coefficient of the Al ₂ O ₃ layer 71 is the insulating layer (Si described in the first embodiment). ₃ N ₄ layers) 30, but the coefficient of thermal expansion is large.

  Therefore, the stress 28 can be increased as compared with the semiconductor device according to the first embodiment, and the compressive stress along the channel length direction applied to the channel region 29 can be increased to further improve the hole mobility. is there.

Even when an AlN layer or the like is applied instead of the Al ₂ O ₃ layer 71, the same effect as described above can be obtained.

Even when, for example, pyroceramics having a positive expansion coefficient, a glass layer having a positive expansion coefficient, or the like is applied instead of the Al ₂ O ₃ layer 71, the same effect as described above can be obtained.

[Fourth Embodiment]
Next, a semiconductor device according to a fourth embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to FIG. FIG. 15 is a cross-sectional view showing the semiconductor device according to this embodiment. In this description, the description of the same parts as those in the first embodiment is omitted.

  As shown in the drawing, an NMOS transistor N3 is provided on a P well 13 in the semiconductor substrate 11, and a PMOS transistor P3 is provided on an N well 23. The semiconductor device according to this embodiment is different from the semiconductor device according to the first embodiment in the following points.

  First, the spacers 17 and 27 shown in the semiconductor device according to the first embodiment are integrated with the insulating layers 20 and 30 in the transistors N3 and P3, respectively. That is, the spacer is the same film as the insulating layers 20 and 30 used for the purpose of applying stress.

Further, an insulating layer 73 is provided over the element isolation film 12, the silicide layer 16S of the transistor N3, the sidewall of the gate electrode 15, and the silicide layer 15S. The insulating layer 73 is made of, for example, a silicon oxide (SiO ₂ (faujasite)) film. The insulating layer 73 has a negative expansion coefficient of about −4 × 10 ⁻⁶ / K, for example. Of course, the insulating layer 73 may be the pyroceramic 20 having the negative expansion coefficient.

An insulating layer 30 is provided over the silicide layer 26S of the transistor P3, over the sidewall of the gate electrode 25, and over the silicide layer 25S. The insulating layer 30 is made of, for example, Si ₃ N ₄ or the like.

  Since the manufacturing method is substantially the same as that of the first embodiment, detailed description thereof is omitted.

  As described above, according to the semiconductor device and the manufacturing method thereof according to this embodiment, the same effects as those of the first embodiment can be obtained. Further, in the semiconductor device according to this embodiment, the spacers 17 and 27 are not provided in the transistors N3 and P3, and the insulating layer is directly formed on the silicy layer of the transistors N3 and P3 and on the gate electrode side wall. 73 and an insulating layer 30 are provided.

  Therefore, in the transistor N3, since the stress 18 accompanying the temperature rise can be applied without a spacer, it is advantageous in that the tensile stress applied to the channel region 19 can be increased and the electron mobility can be improved.

  In the transistor P3, the stress 28 accompanying the temperature rise can be applied without a spacer, which is advantageous in that the compressive stress applied to the channel region 29 can be increased and the hole mobility can be improved.

  In addition, since no spacer is provided, the area occupied by that portion can be eliminated, and this is very advantageous in that it can be miniaturized.

[Fifth Embodiment]
Next, a semiconductor device according to a fifth embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to FIGS. FIG. 16 is a plan view showing the semiconductor device according to this embodiment. FIG. 17 is a cross-sectional view taken along the line AA ′ in FIG. In this description, the description of the same parts as those in the first embodiment is omitted.

  As shown in the figure, an NMOS transistor N4 is provided on the P well 13 in the semiconductor substrate 11, and a PMOS transistor P4 is provided on the N well 23. The semiconductor device according to this embodiment is different from the semiconductor device according to the first embodiment in the following points.

  First, the NMOS transistor N4 includes an insulating layer 20-1 continuously provided over the silicide layer 16S, the spacer 17, and the silicide layer 15S, and an insulating layer 20-2 on the insulating layer 20-1. Is further provided. The insulating layer 20-2 is provided along the channel width direction so as to intersect the insulating layer 20-1, and has the same configuration as the insulating layer 20-1. Since the manufacturing method is substantially the same as the manufacturing method of the insulating layer 20 shown in the first embodiment, detailed description thereof is omitted.

  The PMOS transistor P4 further includes an insulating layer 20-2 on the insulating layer 20-1. The insulating layer 20-2 is provided along the channel width direction so as to intersect the insulating layer 20-1, and has the same configuration as the insulating layer 20-1. Since the manufacturing method is substantially the same as that of the first embodiment, detailed description thereof is omitted.

  As described above, according to the semiconductor device and the manufacturing method thereof according to this embodiment, the same effects as those of the first embodiment can be obtained. Furthermore, in the semiconductor device according to this embodiment, the NMOS transistor N4 and the PMOS transistor P4 are further provided on the insulating layer 20-1 in the channel width direction and further provided with the insulating layer 20-2 having the same configuration as the insulating layer 20-1. I have.

  Therefore, in the NMOS transistor N4, not only the tensile stress 18-1 along the source / drain 16 from the silicide layer 15S in the channel length direction but also along the substrate 11 from the silicide layer 15S in the channel width direction as the temperature rises. The tensile stress 18-2 can be further generated. As a result, it is advantageous in that a tensile stress can be applied simultaneously in the vertical biaxial direction in the channel region 19 and the electron mobility can be further improved.

  The PMOS transistor P4 further includes an insulating layer 20-2 provided in the channel width direction on the insulating layer 20-1 and having the same configuration as the insulating layer 20-1.

  Therefore, as the temperature rises, not only the tensile stress 18-1 along the source / drain 26 from the silicide layer 25S in the channel length direction but also the tensile stress 18-2 along the substrate 11 from the silicide layer 25S in the channel width direction. Further, it can be generated. As a result, in the channel region 29, a tensile stress can be applied simultaneously along the vertical biaxial direction, which is advantageous in that the hole mobility can be further improved.

  Moreover, the insulating layer 20-1 and the insulating layer 20-2 should just have a negative expansion coefficient, and can also be formed with a mutually different material.

  As described above, when tensile stresses 18-1 and 18-2 are simultaneously applied along the vertical biaxial direction, the mobility of both electrons and holes can be improved. Therefore, it is very advantageous in that the carrier mobility can be improved simultaneously for both the NMOS transistor and the PMOS transistor.

  Furthermore, it is not necessary to provide a separate liner insulating layer for transistors of different conductivity types. Therefore, the structure and the manufacturing process can be simplified, which is very advantageous for reducing the manufacturing cost.

  In addition, the manufacturing method of the said insulating layers 20-1 and 20-2 is not restricted to the method shown to the said embodiment. For example, most of the existing film forming methods such as LPCVD (liquid phase CVD), sputtering, sol-gel, etc. can be applied.

  Further, the insulating layers 20-1 and 20-2 may be in an amorphous state, in a glass ceramic state, or in a polycrystalline state depending on the necessary expansion coefficient. Therefore, it is advantageous in that there are many choices of material structures.

  Furthermore, in the description of each of the above embodiments, the semiconductor (silicon) substrate 11 is shown as an example. However, for example, a semiconductor layer of a germanium (Ge) compound semiconductor (SiGe or the like) can be applied. The use of a semiconductor layer containing the compound semiconductor is advantageous in that the mobility of electrons or holes can be further improved.

  The present invention has been described above using the first to fifth embodiments. However, the present invention is not limited to the above-described embodiments, and various modifications can be made without departing from the scope of the invention at the stage of implementation. Is possible. Each of the above embodiments includes various inventions, and various inventions can be extracted by appropriately combining a plurality of disclosed constituent elements. For example, even if some constituent requirements are deleted from all the constituent requirements shown in each embodiment, at least one of the issues described in the column of the problem to be solved by the invention can be solved, and is described in the column of the effect of the invention. In a case where at least one of the obtained effects can be obtained, a configuration in which this configuration requirement is deleted can be extracted as an invention.

  DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 11 ... Semiconductor substrate, 12 ... Element isolation film, 13 ... N well, N1 ... NMOS transistor, P1 ... PMOS transistor, 14, 24 ... Gate insulating film, 15, 25 ... Gate electrode, 16, 26 ... Source / drain, 15S , 16S, 25S, 26S ... Silicide layer, 17 ... Spacer, 19, 29 ... Channel region, 18 ... Stress, 28 ... Stress, 20 ... Insulating layer having negative expansion coefficient, 21 ... Crystal, 22 ... Amorphous matrix layer 30 ... Insulating layer having a positive expansion coefficient.

Claims (2)

A gate electrode provided on the semiconductor substrate; a source or drain provided in the semiconductor substrate so as to sandwich the gate electrode; and provided over the gate electrode from above the source or drain. A first insulating layer that applies a first tensile stress to the channel region; and a first insulating layer that is provided on the first insulating layer in a direction intersecting the first insulating layer, and intersects the channel region simultaneously with the first tensile stress. A semiconductor device comprising: an insulated gate field effect transistor including a second insulating layer that applies a second tensile stress along the direction. An N-type insulated gate field effect transistor comprising a first insulating layer provided along the side wall of the gate electrode and having a negative expansion coefficient and applying tensile stress to the channel region;
A P-type insulated gate field effect transistor including a second insulating layer provided along the side wall of the gate electrode and having a positive expansion coefficient and applying compressive stress to the channel region;
The first insulating layer includes at least one of pyroceramics having a negative expansion coefficient, HfW ₂ O ₈ , ZrW ₂ O ₈ , Nb ₂ O ₅ , SiO ₂ (faujasite),
The second insulating layer includes at least one of pyroceramics having a positive expansion coefficient, glass having a positive expansion coefficient, Si ₃ N ₄ , Al ₂ O ₃ , and AlN. .

Images