JP2011090051A - Image forming apparatus - Google Patents

Image forming apparatus Download PDF

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JP2011090051A
JP2011090051A JP2009241659A JP2009241659A JP2011090051A JP 2011090051 A JP2011090051 A JP 2011090051A JP 2009241659 A JP2009241659 A JP 2009241659A JP 2009241659 A JP2009241659 A JP 2009241659A JP 2011090051 A JP2011090051 A JP 2011090051A
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image carrier
image
magnetic force
recording medium
carrier
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JP5531548B2 (en
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Katsuya Takenouchi
勝也 竹野内
Masayuki Torigoe
誠之 鳥越
Tsutomu Sugimoto
勉 杉本
Mitsuhiro Matsumoto
充博 松本
Nobuhide Inaba
伸英 稲葉
Shigeru Yagi
茂 八木
Takeshi Iwanaga
剛 岩永
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Fujifilm Business Innovation Corp
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Fuji Xerox Co Ltd
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Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide an image forming apparatus suppressing generation of carrier flaws on an image holder surface compared to a configuration that does not include a magnetic force generating device. <P>SOLUTION: The image forming apparatus 10 includes a magnetic force generating device 40, wherein the magnetic force generating device 40 is disposed on the downstream side, along the rotation direction of an image holder 12 than the position where a developing device 18 is disposed, as well as in the upstream side, along the rotation direction of the image holder 12 than the position where a transfer device 20 is disposed. The magnetic force generating device 40 is disposed on the side of a conveyance passage 34 of a recording medium P, where the transfer device 20 is disposed (on a side opposite to the image holder 12 via the conveyance passage 34), and generates a magnetic force directed toward the surface of the image holder 12 via the recording medium P. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2011,JPO&INPIT

Description

本発明は、画像形成装置に関する。   The present invention relates to an image forming apparatus.

特許文献１には、複数の像保持体を配列したタンデム方式の画像形成装置において、用紙搬送方向の２番目以降に配置された像保持体に記録媒体を介して設けられた転写装置より、該用紙搬送方向の上流側に、用紙上に保持されたトナー像の逆極性の電位を印加する補助電極を配置することが提案されている。   In Patent Document 1, in a tandem-type image forming apparatus in which a plurality of image carriers are arranged, a transfer device provided via a recording medium on an image carrier disposed second or later in the paper conveyance direction includes: It has been proposed to arrange an auxiliary electrode for applying a potential having a polarity opposite to that of the toner image held on the sheet on the upstream side in the sheet conveyance direction.

特許文献２には、像保持体上に保持されたトナー像が転写装置によって記録媒体に転写される領域に記録媒体が到る前に、該記録媒体を像保持体の表面に巻き付けることが提案されている。   Patent Document 2 proposes winding the recording medium around the surface of the image carrier before the recording medium reaches the area where the toner image held on the image carrier is transferred to the recording medium by the transfer device. Has been.

特開２０００−１８１２４５号公報JP 2000-181245 A 特開２００２−０７２７１１号公報JP 2002-072711 A

本発明は、本発明における磁力発生装置を備えない構成に比べて、像保持体表面のキャリア痕の発生が抑制された画像形成装置を提供することを目的とする。   An object of the present invention is to provide an image forming apparatus in which the generation of carrier traces on the surface of an image carrier is suppressed as compared with a configuration that does not include the magnetic force generator in the present invention.

請求項１に係る発明は、像保持体と、前記像保持体を帯電させる帯電装置と、前記帯電装置によって帯電された前記像保持体に静電潜像を形成する潜像形成装置と、トナー及びキャリアを含む二成分現像剤によって、前記像保持体上に形成された前記静電潜像を現像する現像装置と、前記前記現像装置によって前記像保持体上に形成されたトナー像を記録媒体へ転写する転写装置と、前記現像装置より前記像保持体の回転方向下流側で、且つ前記転写装置より前記像保持体の回転方向上流側に設けられ、前記記録媒体を介して前記像保持体に向かって磁力を発生する磁力発生装置と、を備えた画像形成装置である。   According to a first aspect of the present invention, there is provided an image carrier, a charging device that charges the image carrier, a latent image forming device that forms an electrostatic latent image on the image carrier charged by the charging device, and toner A developing device that develops the electrostatic latent image formed on the image holding member with a two-component developer including a carrier and a toner image formed on the image holding member by the developing device. A transfer device for transferring the image to the image carrier, and provided downstream of the developing device in the rotation direction of the image carrier and upstream of the transfer device in the rotation direction of the image carrier. A magnetic force generating device that generates a magnetic force toward the image forming apparatus.

請求項２に係る発明は、前記像保持体は、円柱状の基体と、前記基体上に設けられた感光層と、前記感光層上に設けられ、酸素及びガリウムを含有し、外側に存在する第1の領域、及び該第１の領域よりも前記基体に近い側に存在し、前記第1の領域に比べてガリウムに対する酸素の原子数比が大きい第２の領域を有する保護層と、を有する請求項１に記載の画像形成装置である。   According to a second aspect of the present invention, the image carrier is a cylindrical substrate, a photosensitive layer provided on the substrate, and provided on the photosensitive layer, containing oxygen and gallium and existing outside. A protective layer having a first region and a second region that is closer to the substrate than the first region and has a larger atomic ratio of oxygen to gallium than the first region; An image forming apparatus according to claim 1.

請求項３に係る発明は、前記転写装置より前記記録媒体の搬送方向上流側に配置され、前記転写装置より前記像保持体の回転方向上流側で前記記録媒体を該像保持体の表面に接触させる接触部材と、を有し、前記磁力発生装置は、前記記録媒体の、前記接触部材によって前記像保持体に接触した領域を介して、前記像保持体に向かって磁力を発生する請求項１または請求項２に記載の画像形成装置である。   The invention according to claim 3 is disposed upstream of the transfer device in the conveyance direction of the recording medium, and contacts the recording medium with the surface of the image carrier upstream of the transfer device in the rotation direction of the image carrier. The magnetic force generator generates a magnetic force toward the image carrier through a region of the recording medium that is in contact with the image carrier by the contact member. Alternatively, the image forming apparatus according to claim 2.

請求項１及び請求項３に係る発明によれば、本発明における磁力発生装置を備えない構成に比べて、像保持体表面のキャリア痕の発生が抑制された画像形成装置が提供される。   According to the first and third aspects of the invention, there is provided an image forming apparatus in which the generation of carrier traces on the surface of the image carrier is suppressed as compared with the configuration without the magnetic force generation apparatus according to the present invention.

請求項２に係る発明によれば、像保持体の構成が請求項２に係る構成である場合であっても、像保持体表面のキャリア痕の発生が抑制された画像形成装置が提供される。   According to the second aspect of the present invention, there is provided an image forming apparatus in which the generation of carrier marks on the surface of the image carrier is suppressed even when the configuration of the image carrier is the structure according to the second aspect. .

第１の実施の形態に係る画像形成装置の一例を示す模式図である。1 is a schematic diagram illustrating an example of an image forming apparatus according to a first embodiment. （Ａ）（Ｂ）従来の画像形成装置における転写領域を拡大して示した模式図である。(A) (B) It is the schematic diagram which expanded and showed the transfer area | region in the conventional image forming apparatus. 本実施の形態に係る画像形成装置における転写領域を拡大して示した模式図である。FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram showing an enlarged transfer region in the image forming apparatus according to the present embodiment. 第１の実施の形態の画像形成装置の図１とは異なる形態の一例を示す模式図である。FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram illustrating an example of a form different from FIG. 1 of the image forming apparatus according to the first embodiment. 第２の実施の形態の画像形成装置の一例を示す模式図である。It is a schematic diagram which shows an example of the image forming apparatus of 2nd Embodiment. 第２の実施の形態の画像形成装置の図５とは異なる形態の一例を示す模式図である。It is a schematic diagram which shows an example of the form different from FIG. 5 of the image forming apparatus of 2nd Embodiment. （Ａ）（Ｂ）像保持体の保護層の形成に用いる成膜装置の一例を示す概略模式図である。(A) (B) It is a schematic diagram which shows an example of the film-forming apparatus used for formation of the protective layer of an image carrier.

＜第１の実施の形態＞
以下、図面を参照して本実施の形態の画像形成装置の一の形態を詳細に説明する。
図１に示すように、本実施の形態に係る画像形成装置１０には、像保持体としての像保持体１２が設けられている。像保持体１２は、円柱状とされ、図示を省略するモータにより、回転駆動（図１中の矢印Ａ方向）される。なお、ここで言う円柱状には、長さ方向端部を開放した中空の円筒状のものも含む。 <First Embodiment>
Hereinafter, an embodiment of the image forming apparatus of the present embodiment will be described in detail with reference to the drawings.
As shown in FIG. 1, the image forming apparatus 10 according to the present embodiment is provided with an image holding body 12 as an image holding body. The image carrier 12 has a cylindrical shape, and is rotationally driven (in the direction of arrow A in FIG. 1) by a motor (not shown). In addition, the columnar shape mentioned here includes a hollow cylindrical shape having an open end in the length direction.

像保持体１２の周辺には、帯電装置１５、露光装置１６、現像装置１８、磁力発生装置４０、転写装置２０、除去装置２２、及び除電装置２４が、像保持体１２の回転方向に沿って順に配設されている。   Around the image carrier 12, a charging device 15, an exposure device 16, a developing device 18, a magnetic force generator 40, a transfer device 20, a removal device 22, and a charge removal device 24 are arranged along the rotation direction of the image carrier 12. They are arranged in order.

帯電装置１５は、像保持体１２表面を帯電する。帯電装置１５は、像保持体１２表面に接触または非接触で設けられ、像保持体１２の表面を帯電する。帯電装置１５としては、コロトロン帯電器やスコロトロン帯電器が挙げられる。   The charging device 15 charges the surface of the image carrier 12. The charging device 15 is provided in contact or non-contact with the surface of the image carrier 12 and charges the surface of the image carrier 12. Examples of the charging device 15 include a corotron charger and a scorotron charger.

露光装置１６は、帯電装置１５により帯電された像保持体１２の表面に、形成する対象となる画像の画像データに基づいて変調したレーザ光Ｌを照射して、像保持体１２上に画像データの画像に応じた静電潜像を形成する。   The exposure device 16 irradiates the surface of the image carrier 12 charged by the charging device 15 with a laser beam L modulated based on the image data of the image to be formed, and the image data on the image carrier 12. An electrostatic latent image corresponding to the image is formed.

現像装置１８内には、トナーとキャリアを含む公知の２成分現像剤が貯留されている。トナーは、現像装置１８内の図示を省略する撹拌機構により磁性を有するキャリアと共に撹拌されることで帯電され、この帯電された状態で貯留されている。二成分現像剤に含まれるトナーとしては、重合法により得られる体積平均粒子径３μｍ以上９μｍ以下のトナーが挙げられ、その構成材料としては、電子写真方式の画像形成装置のトナーに用いられる公知の材料を用いればよい。   A known two-component developer containing toner and carrier is stored in the developing device 18. The toner is charged by being stirred together with a carrier having magnetism by a stirring mechanism (not shown) in the developing device 18 and stored in this charged state. Examples of the toner contained in the two-component developer include a toner having a volume average particle diameter of 3 μm or more and 9 μm or less obtained by a polymerization method, and a constituent material thereof is a known toner used for an electrophotographic image forming apparatus. A material may be used.

キャリアは、磁性を有しており、このキャリアとしては、鉄粉、ガラスビーズ、フェライト粉、ニッケル粉又はそれ等の表面に樹脂を被覆したものが使用される。なお、キャリアとの混合割合は、公知の手法により設定される。   The carrier has magnetism, and as this carrier, iron powder, glass beads, ferrite powder, nickel powder or the like coated with a resin is used. The mixing ratio with the carrier is set by a known method.

また、現像装置１８は、像保持体１２上に形成された静電潜像をトナーにより現像するための現像ロール１８Ａを含んで構成されている。現像ロール１８Ａは、現像装置１８内に貯留された二成分現像剤を表面に保持して、該二成分現像剤に含まれるトナーを現像装置１８内から像保持体１２表面へと供給する。像保持体１２上に供給されたトナーは、像保持体１２上の静電潜像に静電力により付着する。これにより、像保持体１２上の静電潜像は、現像ロール１８Ａから供給されたトナーによって現像されて、像保持体１２上には、静電潜像に応じたトナー像が形成される。   Further, the developing device 18 includes a developing roll 18A for developing the electrostatic latent image formed on the image carrier 12 with toner. The developing roll 18 </ b> A holds the two-component developer stored in the developing device 18 on the surface, and supplies the toner contained in the two-component developer from the developing device 18 to the surface of the image carrier 12. The toner supplied onto the image carrier 12 adheres to the electrostatic latent image on the image carrier 12 by electrostatic force. As a result, the electrostatic latent image on the image carrier 12 is developed by the toner supplied from the developing roll 18 </ b> A, and a toner image corresponding to the electrostatic latent image is formed on the image carrier 12.

磁力発生装置４０は、像保持体１２の、現像装置１８の配置位置より像保持体１２の回転方向下流側で、且つ転写装置２０の設けられている位置より像保持体１２の回転方向上流側に設けられている。また、この磁力発生装置４０は、記録媒体Ｐの搬送経路３４の転写装置２０の設けられている側（像保持体１２とは搬送経路３４を介して反対側）に設けられており、搬送経路３４を通過する記録媒体Ｐを介して像保持体１２の表面に向かって磁力を発生する。なお、本実施の形態では、磁力発生装置４０Ａは、図１及び図３に示すように、記録媒体Ｐにおける像保持体１２に非接触の領域を介して、像保持体１２の表面に向かって磁力を発生する位置に設けられている場合を説明する。   The magnetic force generator 40 is located downstream of the image carrier 12 in the rotational direction of the image carrier 12 from the position where the developing device 18 is disposed, and upstream of the image carrier 12 in the rotational direction from the position where the transfer device 20 is provided. Is provided. Further, the magnetic force generation device 40 is provided on the side where the transfer device 20 is provided in the conveyance path 34 of the recording medium P (on the opposite side to the image carrier 12 via the conveyance path 34). A magnetic force is generated toward the surface of the image carrier 12 through the recording medium P passing through 34. In the present embodiment, the magnetic force generator 40A is directed toward the surface of the image carrier 12 via a region that is not in contact with the image carrier 12 in the recording medium P, as shown in FIGS. A case where the magnetic force is generated is described.

なお、この磁力発生装置４０は、現像装置１８より像保持体１２の回転方向下流側で、転写装置２０より像保持体１２の回転方向上流側で、且つ記録媒体Ｐを介して像保持体１２に向かって磁力を発生する位置に設けられていれば良く、図１に示すような、記録媒体Ｐにおける像保持体１２に非接触の領域を介して、像保持体１２の表面に向かって磁力を発生する形態に限られず、記録媒体Ｐにおける像保持体１２に接触した領域を介して、像保持体１２の表面に向かって磁力を発生する形態であってもよい（詳細は、第２の実施の形態で説明する）。   The magnetic force generator 40 is located downstream of the developing device 18 in the rotational direction of the image carrier 12, upstream of the transfer device 20 in the rotational direction of the image carrier 12, and via the recording medium P. The magnetic force may be provided at a position where the magnetic force is generated toward the surface of the image carrier 12 and the magnetic force toward the surface of the image carrier 12 through a region not in contact with the image carrier 12 on the recording medium P as shown in FIG. However, the present invention is not limited to the above-described form, and may be a form in which a magnetic force is generated toward the surface of the image carrier 12 through a region in contact with the image carrier 12 in the recording medium P (for details, refer to the second example). Will be described in the embodiment).

磁力発生装置４０としては、像保持体１２の表面に静電気力によって保持されたキャリア（詳細後述）を、磁力発生装置４０からの磁力によって磁力発生装置４０側（すなわち、記録媒体Ｐ側）に引きつける磁力を発生する装置であればよい。磁力発生装置４０としては、例えば、永久磁石や、電磁石が挙げられる。   As the magnetic force generator 40, a carrier (detailed later) held on the surface of the image carrier 12 by an electrostatic force is attracted to the magnetic force generator 40 side (that is, the recording medium P side) by the magnetic force from the magnetic force generator 40. Any device that generates magnetic force may be used. Examples of the magnetic force generator 40 include a permanent magnet and an electromagnet.

磁力発生装置４０として永久磁石を用いた場合には、電力等の外部エネルギーが不要で電磁石に比べて簡易で安価な構成であると考えられる。ただし、磁力の調整を行うためには、像保持体１２表面との距離の調整等を行う必要があると考えられる。これに対して、電磁石を用いた場合には、電磁石に設けられたコイルに電流を流す必要があるが、この電流の電流値を調整することで、磁力の調整が容易であると考えられる。このため、磁力発生装置４０として永久磁石を用いるか、電磁石を用いるかは、磁力発生装置４０を搭載する画像形成装置１０の構成に応じて選択すればよい。   When a permanent magnet is used as the magnetic force generator 40, it is considered that external energy such as electric power is unnecessary and the configuration is simpler and cheaper than an electromagnet. However, in order to adjust the magnetic force, it is considered necessary to adjust the distance from the surface of the image carrier 12. On the other hand, when an electromagnet is used, it is necessary to pass a current through a coil provided in the electromagnet. However, it is considered that the magnetic force can be easily adjusted by adjusting the current value of this current. Therefore, whether to use a permanent magnet or an electromagnet as the magnetic force generation device 40 may be selected according to the configuration of the image forming apparatus 10 on which the magnetic force generation device 40 is mounted.

像保持体１２の、現像ロール１８Ａの配設位置より像保持体１２の回転方向下流側には、転写装置２０が設けられている。転写装置２０は、円柱状とされており像保持体１２の回転に伴って回転される（図１中、矢印Ｃ方向）ことで、像保持体１２の外周面に向かって記録媒体Ｐを接触させながら搬送する。像保持体１２と転写装置２０とが向かい合う領域（転写領域３２）に搬送された記録媒体Ｐは、この転写装置２０によって記録媒体Ｐ側に押しつけられながら搬送される。転写装置２０には、転写装置２０に転写電圧を印加するための電源３０が電気的に接続されている。   A transfer device 20 is provided on the image holding body 12 on the downstream side in the rotation direction of the image holding body 12 from the position where the developing roller 18A is disposed. The transfer device 20 has a cylindrical shape and is rotated in accordance with the rotation of the image carrier 12 (in the direction of arrow C in FIG. 1), so that the recording medium P contacts the outer peripheral surface of the image carrier 12. Carry while transporting. The recording medium P conveyed to the area where the image carrier 12 and the transfer device 20 face each other (transfer area 32) is conveyed while being pressed toward the recording medium P by the transfer apparatus 20. A power supply 30 for applying a transfer voltage to the transfer device 20 is electrically connected to the transfer device 20.

電源３０から、像保持体１２上に形成されたトナー像を構成するトナーと逆極性の転写電圧が印加されると、像保持体１２と転写装置２０との間の領域に、像保持体１２上のトナー像を構成する各トナーを静電力により像保持体１２から転写装置２０側へと移動させる電界強度の電界が形成される。   When a transfer voltage having a polarity opposite to that of the toner constituting the toner image formed on the image carrier 12 is applied from the power supply 30, the image carrier 12 is placed in a region between the image carrier 12 and the transfer device 20. An electric field having an electric field intensity is formed to move each toner constituting the upper toner image from the image holding member 12 to the transfer device 20 side by electrostatic force.

記録媒体Ｐは、図示を省略する用紙貯留部に貯留されており、この用紙貯留部から図示を省略する複数の搬送ローラによって搬送経路３４にそって搬送（図１中、矢印Ｂ方向）されて、像保持体１２と転写装置２０との向かい合う領域（図１中、転写領域３２）に到る。この転写領域３２に到った記録媒体Ｐには、転写装置２０から像保持体１２側に押しつけられながら、転写装置２０によって転写領域３２に形成された電界中を通過することによって、像保持体１２上のトナー像が転写される。すなわち、像保持体１２表面から記録媒体Ｐへのトナーの移動により、記録媒体Ｐ上にトナー像が転写される。
なお、転写領域３２とは、像保持体１２と転写装置２０との向かい合う領域内の、像保持体１２上のトナー像が記録媒体Ｐ側へ転写される領域を示している。 The recording medium P is stored in a paper storage unit (not shown), and is transported (in the direction of arrow B in FIG. 1) along the transport path 34 by a plurality of transport rollers (not shown). Then, it reaches the area where the image carrier 12 and the transfer device 20 face each other (transfer area 32 in FIG. 1). The recording medium P reaching the transfer area 32 passes through an electric field formed in the transfer area 32 by the transfer apparatus 20 while being pressed from the transfer apparatus 20 to the image holding body 12 side. 12 is transferred. That is, the toner image is transferred onto the recording medium P by the movement of the toner from the surface of the image carrier 12 to the recording medium P.
The transfer area 32 indicates an area where the toner image on the image carrier 12 is transferred to the recording medium P side in an area where the image carrier 12 and the transfer device 20 face each other.

記録媒体Ｐの搬送経路３４の、上記転写領域３２より搬送方向下流側には、定着装置２６が設けられている。定着装置２６は、記録媒体Ｐ上に転写されたトナー像を熱または熱及び圧力によって記録媒体Ｐに定着させる。
すなわち、搬送経路３４にそって搬送されて像保持体１２と転写装置２０との転写領域３２を通過することによりトナー像を転写された記録媒体Ｐは、図示を省略する搬送ローラによってさらに搬送経路３４に沿って定着装置２６の設置位置に到ると、記録媒体Ｐ上のトナー像の定着が行われる。トナー像を定着された、すなわち画像形成された記録媒体Ｐは、図示を省略する複数の搬送ローラによって画像形成装置１０の外部へと排出される。 A fixing device 26 is provided on the transport path 34 of the recording medium P on the downstream side in the transport direction from the transfer region 32. The fixing device 26 fixes the toner image transferred onto the recording medium P to the recording medium P by heat or heat and pressure.
That is, the recording medium P that has been transferred along the transport path 34 and has passed the transfer region 32 between the image carrier 12 and the transfer device 20 and has the toner image transferred thereon is further transported by a transport roller (not shown). When the installation position of the fixing device 26 is reached along 34, the toner image on the recording medium P is fixed. The recording medium P on which the toner image is fixed, that is, on which an image is formed, is discharged to the outside of the image forming apparatus 10 by a plurality of conveyance rollers (not shown).

像保持体１２の回転方向（図１中矢印Ａ方向）の、転写領域３２より像保持体１２の回転方向下流側には、除去装置２２及び除電装置２４が配設されている。   A removal device 22 and a charge removal device 24 are disposed downstream of the transfer region 32 in the rotational direction of the image carrier 12 in the rotational direction of the image carrier 12 (in the direction of arrow A in FIG. 1).

除去装置２２は、像保持体１２上に残留したトナーや紙粉等の付着物を除去する。除去装置２２としては、像保持体１２に対して線圧１０ｇ／ｃｍ以上１５０ｇ／ｃｍ以下で接触する板状部材を有する構成が挙げられる。除電装置２４は、像保持体１２上の残存電荷を除去する。   The removing device 22 removes deposits such as toner and paper dust remaining on the image carrier 12. Examples of the removing device 22 include a configuration having a plate-like member that contacts the image carrier 12 at a linear pressure of 10 g / cm or more and 150 g / cm or less. The static eliminator 24 removes residual charges on the image carrier 12.

トナー像を記録媒体Ｐに転写した像保持体１２は、回転によって除去装置２２によって表面に付着した付着物を除去された後に、除電装置２４によって残存電荷を除去され、再度、帯電装置１５によって帯電される。   The image carrier 12 having transferred the toner image onto the recording medium P is subjected to the removal of the adhering matter adhering to the surface by the removal device 22 by rotation, and then the residual charge is removed by the charge removal device 24 and charged again by the charging device 15. Is done.

上述のようにして、画像形成装置１０では、記録媒体Ｐに画像が形成される。   As described above, the image forming apparatus 10 forms an image on the recording medium P.

ここで、画像形成装置１０においては、像保持体１２の表面には、２成分現像剤に含まれるキャリアが付着しないことが望ましい。しかし、像保持体１２の表面には、キャリアが付着する場合がある。このキャリアの像保持体１２への付着は、現像装置１８から像保持体１２側へ様々な要因によりキャリアが移行することにより生じると考えられる。このキャリアは、磁性を有しておりまた同時に正側に帯電されている。従って、像保持体１２の表面は、負側に帯電されていることから、この像保持体１２上に保持されたキャリアは、像保持体１２上に静電気力によって保持・束縛されることとなる。このように、現像装置１８によって現像される領域で、像保持体１２上に保持・束縛されたキャリアが、像保持体１２の回転に伴って転写領域３２に達すると、転写領域３２では、転写装置２０から像保持体１２側に押しつけられる方向に力が加えられることから、図２（Ａ）に示すように、像保持体１２の表面に静電気力によって保持・束縛されていたキャリアが像保持体１２の表面にめり込み、キャリア痕（図２中、キャリア痕１９Ｃ参照）が発生する場合があった。   Here, in the image forming apparatus 10, it is desirable that the carrier contained in the two-component developer does not adhere to the surface of the image carrier 12. However, a carrier may adhere to the surface of the image carrier 12. This adhesion of the carrier to the image carrier 12 is considered to be caused by the carrier moving from the developing device 18 to the image carrier 12 due to various factors. This carrier has magnetism and is simultaneously charged on the positive side. Accordingly, since the surface of the image carrier 12 is negatively charged, the carrier held on the image carrier 12 is held and bound on the image carrier 12 by electrostatic force. . In this way, when the carrier held and bound on the image carrier 12 reaches the transfer region 32 as the image carrier 12 rotates in the region developed by the developing device 18, Since a force is applied in a direction in which the apparatus 20 is pressed toward the image carrier 12, the carrier held and bound by the electrostatic force on the surface of the image carrier 12 as shown in FIG. 2A holds the image. In some cases, the surface of the body 12 was sunk and a carrier mark (see carrier mark 19C in FIG. 2) was generated.

また、記録媒体Ｐは、複数の繊維状の部材の集合体であることから、拡大した状態で観察すると、表面は繊維に応じて凹凸を有した状態にある（図２（Ａ）及び図２（Ｂ）参照）。このため、特に、図２（Ｂ）に示すように、像保持体１２上に保持・束縛されたキャリアが、転写領域３２において、記録媒体Ｐの凹んだ部分（繊維と繊維の隙間に相当する領域、図２（Ｂ）では、凹部Ｐ１に相当）で像保持体１２側に押しつけられた場合に比べて、記録媒体Ｐの凸部（繊維に相当する領域、図２（Ｂ）では、凸部Ｐ２に相当）で像保持体１２側に押しつけられた場合には、圧力の集中によりキャリアが像保持体１２の表面にめり込みやすく、キャリア痕が発生しやすいと推測される。 Further, since the recording medium P is an aggregate of a plurality of fibrous members, when observed in an enlarged state, the surface is in a state of having irregularities according to the fibers (FIGS. 2A and 2). (See (B)). For this reason, in particular, as shown in FIG. 2B, the carrier held and constrained on the image carrier 12 corresponds to the recessed portion of the recording medium P (the gap between the fibers) in the transfer region 32. region in FIG. 2 (B), the compared with the case pressed against the image carrier 12 side corresponds) to the recess P 1, (the region corresponding to the fiber, and FIG. 2 (B) a convex portion of the recording medium P in, when pressed against the image carrier 12 side in corresponding to the convex portion P 2), the carrier due to the concentration of pressure tends sinking on the surface of the image carrier 12, the carrier marks is presumed likely to occur.

そこで、本実施の形態の画像形成装置１０では、上述のように、現像装置１８より像保持体１２の回転方向下流側で、且つ、転写装置２０より像保持体１２の回転方向上流側に、磁力発生装置４０が設けられている。この磁力発生装置４０は、画像形成装置１０において転写領域３２に搬送される記録媒体Ｐを介して、像保持体１２の表面に向かって磁力を発生する位置に設けられている。   Therefore, in the image forming apparatus 10 of the present embodiment, as described above, the image carrier 12 is rotated in the rotational direction downstream of the developing device 18 and the image carrier 12 is rotated in the rotational direction upstream of the transfer device 20. A magnetic force generator 40 is provided. The magnetic force generator 40 is provided at a position where magnetic force is generated toward the surface of the image carrier 12 via the recording medium P conveyed to the transfer region 32 in the image forming apparatus 10.

上述のように、キャリアは、磁性を有している。このため、図３に示すように、像保持体１２の表面に静電気力によって保持・束縛されていたキャリア１９Ｂは、像保持体１２の回転によって磁力発生装置４０によって磁力の作用する領域（図３では領域４２）に達すると、磁力発生装置４０から発生された磁力によって、像保持体１２の表面に自己を束縛していた静電気力から解放されて、記録媒体Ｐを介して磁力発生装置４０側に引き寄せられ、記録媒体Ｐ上に載った状態となると考えられる。   As described above, the carrier has magnetism. For this reason, as shown in FIG. 3, the carrier 19 </ b> B that is held and bound by the electrostatic force on the surface of the image carrier 12 is a region where the magnetic force is applied by the magnetic force generator 40 by the rotation of the image carrier 12 (FIG. 3). Then, when reaching the region 42), the magnetic force generated from the magnetic force generator 40 releases the electrostatic force that has bound itself to the surface of the image carrier 12, and the magnetic force generator 40 side via the recording medium P is released. It is considered that the state is placed on the recording medium P.

そして、このキャリア１９Ｂは、像保持体１２上に保持束縛されていた状態に比べて、該キャリア１９Ｂを像保持体１２上に束縛していた静電気力から解放された状態にあることから、記録媒体Ｐの搬送や記録媒体Ｐが転写領域３２に到ることによって、記録媒体Ｐの繊維間の凹んだ部分（繊維と繊維の隙間に相当する領域、図２（Ｂ）では、凹部Ｐ１に相当）に落ち込むと考えられる。
また、磁力発生装置４０によって記録媒体Ｐ上に載ったキャリア１９Ｂが、記録媒体Ｐの凸部（図２（Ｂ）では、凸部Ｐ２に相当）に載ったまま転写領域３２に到った場合であっても、像保持体１２上に静電気力によって保持束縛された状態のキャリア１９Ｂが転写領域３２において記録媒体Ｐの凸部に接触する場合に比べて、弱い力で記録媒体Ｐ上に載った状態にあることから、位置が変動しやすく、記録媒体Ｐ上のより位置エネルギーの低い凹んだ部分（図２（Ｂ）では、凹部Ｐ１に相当）に移りやすいと考えられる。
なお、記録媒体Ｐの種類に応じて、上記推定現象の生じやすさにばらつきが出る場合も考えられるが、一般的に電子写真方式の画像形成装置で用いられる記録媒体の算術平均表面粗さＲａは５０μｍ±２５μｍ程度と考えられ、キャリアの体積平均一次粒径も、３５μｍ±１０μｍ程度と考えられることから、上記現象は容易に推定されると考えられる。
なお、記録媒体Ｐの、算術平均表面粗さＲａは、触針式表面粗さ測定機（サーフコム１４００Ａ：東京精密社製等）を使用して測定した値である。その測定条件としては、ＪＩＳ Ｂ０６０１−１９９４に準拠し、評価長さＬｎ＝４ｍｍ、基準長さＬ＝０．８ｍｍ、カットオフ値＝０．８ｍｍとしたものである。 Since the carrier 19B is in a state of being released from the electrostatic force that has bound the carrier 19B on the image carrier 12 as compared to the state of being restrained and restrained on the image carrier 12, recording is performed. by conveying and recording medium P of the medium P is reaching the transfer region 32, recessed portion (a region corresponding to the gap between the fibers and fibers between the fibers of the recording medium P, in FIG. 2 (B), the concave portion P 1 Equivalent).
The carrier 19B which rests on the recording medium P by the magnetic force generator 40, (in FIG. 2 (B), the equivalent to the convex portion P 2) convex portions of the recording medium P has reached the left transfer area 32 placed on the Even in this case, compared to the case where the carrier 19B held and bound by the electrostatic force on the image carrier 12 is in contact with the convex portion of the recording medium P in the transfer region 32, the carrier 19B is weakly applied on the recording medium P. since in the resting state, the position is likely to change, (in FIG. 2 (B), the equivalent to the recess P 1) lower recessed portion of the potential energy from the recording medium P Ueno considered likely moved to.
Note that, depending on the type of the recording medium P, there may be a variation in the likelihood of occurrence of the estimation phenomenon, but the arithmetic average surface roughness Ra of a recording medium generally used in an electrophotographic image forming apparatus. Is considered to be approximately 50 μm ± 25 μm, and the volume average primary particle size of the carrier is also considered to be approximately 35 μm ± 10 μm. Therefore, the above phenomenon is considered to be easily estimated.
The arithmetic average surface roughness Ra of the recording medium P is a value measured using a stylus type surface roughness measuring machine (Surfcom 1400A: manufactured by Tokyo Seimitsu Co., Ltd.). As the measurement conditions, based on JIS B0601-1994, the evaluation length Ln = 4 mm, the reference length L = 0.8 mm, and the cut-off value = 0.8 mm.

このため、転写領域３２において、記録媒体Ｐにおける凸部（図２（Ｂ）では、凸部Ｐ２）と像保持体１２の表面との間にキャリア１９Ｂが存在する確率に対する、記録媒体Ｐにおける凹部（図２（Ｂ）では、凹部Ｐ１）と像保持体１２の表面との間にキャリア１９Ｂが存在する確率が、本実施の形態の磁力発生装置４０の設けられていない構成の画像形成装置に比べて、高くなると考えられる。 For this reason, in the transfer region 32, the probability that the carrier 19 </ b> B exists between the convex portion (the convex portion P 2 in FIG. 2B) on the recording medium P and the surface of the image holding body 12 in the recording medium P. Image formation in which the probability that the carrier 19B exists between the concave portion (the concave portion P 1 in FIG. 2B) and the surface of the image carrier 12 is not provided with the magnetic force generation device 40 of the present embodiment. It is considered to be higher than the device.

一方、従来の画像形成装置では、像保持体１２上に保持されたキャリア１９Ｂは、静電気力によって像保持体１２の表面に保持・束縛されたまま転写領域３２に至り、該転写領域３２において、像保持体１２上に位置がずれない程度に静電気力によって保持・束縛された状態のまま、転写装置２０から記録媒体Ｐを介して像保持体１２側に押しつけられることとなる。このため、像保持体１２上の、記録媒体Ｐにおける凸部（図２（Ｂ）では、凸部Ｐ２）に保持されていたキャリア１９Ｂは、そのままの位置で像保持体１２の表面に押しつけられることとなり、キャリア痕が発生しやすいと考えられる。
しかし、本実施の形態の画像形成装置１０によれば、上述のように、磁力発生装置４０によって、像保持体１２へのキャリア痕の発生が抑制されると考えられる。 On the other hand, in the conventional image forming apparatus, the carrier 19B held on the image holding body 12 reaches the transfer area 32 while being held and restrained on the surface of the image holding body 12 by electrostatic force. The toner image is pressed from the transfer device 20 to the image carrier 12 side through the recording medium P while being held and bound by electrostatic force to such an extent that the position is not displaced on the image carrier 12. Therefore, the carrier 19B held on the convex portion (the convex portion P 2 in FIG. 2B) on the recording medium P on the image carrier 12 is pressed against the surface of the image carrier 12 as it is. It is considered that carrier marks are likely to occur.
However, according to the image forming apparatus 10 of the present embodiment, it is considered that the generation of carrier marks on the image carrier 12 is suppressed by the magnetic force generator 40 as described above.

従って、本実施の形態の画像形成装置１０では、本実施の形態の磁力発生装置４０を有さない従来の画像形成装置に比べて、像保持体１２の表面のキャリア痕の発生が抑制されると考えられる。   Therefore, in the image forming apparatus 10 of the present embodiment, the generation of carrier marks on the surface of the image carrier 12 is suppressed as compared with the conventional image forming apparatus that does not have the magnetic force generator 40 of the present embodiment. it is conceivable that.

また、本実施の形態の画像形成装置１０では、磁力発生装置４０が、現像装置１８より像保持体１２の回転方向下流側で、転写装置２０より像保持体１２の回転方向上流側で、且つ記録媒体Ｐを介して像保持体１２の表面に向かって磁力を発生する位置に設けられている。このため、像保持体１２の表面から離れたキャリア１９Ｂは、静電気力から解放されて記録媒体Ｐ上に載ると考えられることから、像保持体１２上に保持されたキャリア１９Ｂをブラシや板状部材等によって除去して回収する場合に比べて、回収されたキャリアを除去する作業が不要となる、と考えられる。   Further, in the image forming apparatus 10 of the present embodiment, the magnetic force generator 40 is located downstream of the developing device 18 in the rotation direction of the image carrier 12, upstream of the transfer device 20 in the rotation direction of the image carrier 12, and It is provided at a position where a magnetic force is generated toward the surface of the image carrier 12 via the recording medium P. For this reason, it is considered that the carrier 19B away from the surface of the image carrier 12 is released from the electrostatic force and placed on the recording medium P. Therefore, the carrier 19B held on the image carrier 12 is brushed or plate-shaped. It is considered that the operation of removing the collected carrier is unnecessary as compared with the case where the carrier is removed and collected.

また、像保持体１２上に保持されたキャリア１９Ｂによって、清掃部材２２に設けられた板状部材等が傷つくことも抑制されると考えられる。   In addition, it is considered that the carrier 19B held on the image holding body 12 can also prevent the plate-like member provided on the cleaning member 22 from being damaged.

また、本実施の形態の画像形成装置１０では、磁力発生装置４０が、現像装置１８より像保持体１２の回転方向下流側で、転写装置２０より像保持体１２の回転方向上流側で、且つ記録媒体Ｐを介して像保持体１２の表面に向かって磁力を発生する位置に設けられている。このため、磁力発生装置４０が、記録媒体Ｐの搬送経路３４より像保持体１２側に設けられている場合に比べて、現像装置１８から離れた位置で像保持体１２に向かって磁力が作用される。現像装置１８の設けられた領域で像保持体１２に保持されたキャリア１９Ｂは、静電気力によって像保持体１２の表面に保持されているが、この静電気力は、時間の経過と共に低下すると考えられる。従って、本実施の形態の磁力発生装置４０は、磁力発生装置４０が、記録媒体Ｐの搬送経路３４より像保持体１２側に設けられている場合に比べて、像保持体１２上に保持されたキャリア１９Ｂを像保持体１２の表面からより効果的に離す事ができると考えられる。   Further, in the image forming apparatus 10 of the present embodiment, the magnetic force generator 40 is located downstream of the developing device 18 in the rotation direction of the image carrier 12, upstream of the transfer device 20 in the rotation direction of the image carrier 12, and It is provided at a position where a magnetic force is generated toward the surface of the image carrier 12 via the recording medium P. Therefore, compared with the case where the magnetic force generation device 40 is provided on the image carrier 12 side from the conveyance path 34 of the recording medium P, the magnetic force acts on the image carrier 12 at a position farther from the developing device 18. Is done. The carrier 19B held on the image holding body 12 in the area where the developing device 18 is provided is held on the surface of the image holding body 12 by electrostatic force, but this electrostatic force is considered to decrease with time. . Therefore, the magnetic force generation device 40 of the present embodiment is held on the image holding body 12 as compared with the case where the magnetic force generation device 40 is provided closer to the image holding body 12 than the conveyance path 34 of the recording medium P. It is considered that the carrier 19B can be separated from the surface of the image carrier 12 more effectively.

なお、本実施の形態では、転写装置２０と、磁力発生装置４０を、別体として構成した場合を説明したが、転写装置２０と、磁力発生装置４０と、を一体的に構成してもよい。この場合には、図４に示す構成の画像形成装置１０Ａとすればよい。
具体的には、画像形成装置１０Ａは、像保持体１２、帯電装置１５、露光装置１６、現像装置１８、転写装置３６、除去装置２２、除電装置２４、及び定着装置２６が設けられている。なお、画像形成装置１０Ａは、図１を用いて説明した画像形成装置１０における転写装置２０及び磁力発生装置４０に代えて、これらを一体的に構成した転写装置３６を設けた以外は、同じ構成であるので、同一部分には同じ符号を付与して詳細な説明を省略する。 In the present embodiment, the case where the transfer device 20 and the magnetic force generation device 40 are configured separately has been described. However, the transfer device 20 and the magnetic force generation device 40 may be configured integrally. . In this case, the image forming apparatus 10A having the configuration shown in FIG.
Specifically, the image forming apparatus 10 </ b> A includes an image carrier 12, a charging device 15, an exposure device 16, a developing device 18, a transfer device 36, a removing device 22, a static eliminating device 24, and a fixing device 26. The image forming apparatus 10 </ b> A has the same configuration except that a transfer apparatus 36 configured integrally with these is provided instead of the transfer apparatus 20 and the magnetic force generation apparatus 40 in the image forming apparatus 10 described with reference to FIG. 1. Therefore, the same parts are denoted by the same reference numerals and detailed description thereof is omitted.

転写装置３６は、転写領域３２において記録媒体Ｐを像保持体１２側に押しつけて像保持体１２上のトナー像を記録媒体Ｐに転写し、転写装置３６における該転写領域３２より記録媒体Ｐの搬送方向（図４中、矢印Ｂ方向）上流側で、記録媒体Ｐが像保持体１２に接触しない領域で該記録媒体Ｐを介して像保持体１２の表面に磁力を発生するように構成されている。この転写装置３６としては、転写領域３２において像保持体１２上のトナー像を記録媒体Ｐ側に転写させる程度の圧力が記録媒体Ｐを介して像保持体１２に加えられる構成であり、且つ、転写領域３２より記録媒体Ｐの搬送方向上流側の、記録媒体Ｐの表面の内の像保持体１２に非接触の領域を介して、像保持体１２の表面に向かって磁力を発生させる構成とすればよい。この転写装置３６としては、例えば、像保持体１２の径に対して±２０％の径の円柱状の転写装置３６を構成し、該上流側で上記記録媒体Ｐの表面の内の像保持体１２に非接触の領域を介して像保持体１２の表面に向かって、該像保持体１２上に保持されているキャリア１９Ｂの静電気力を解放させる磁力を発生する構成であればよい。   The transfer device 36 presses the recording medium P toward the image carrier 12 in the transfer region 32 to transfer the toner image on the image carrier 12 to the recording medium P. The transfer device 36 transfers the toner image on the recording medium P from the transfer region 32 in the transfer device 36. It is configured to generate a magnetic force on the surface of the image carrier 12 via the recording medium P in an area where the recording medium P is not in contact with the image carrier 12 on the upstream side in the conveyance direction (the direction of arrow B in FIG. 4). ing. The transfer device 36 has a configuration in which a pressure sufficient to transfer the toner image on the image carrier 12 to the recording medium P side in the transfer region 32 is applied to the image carrier 12 through the recording medium P, and A configuration in which a magnetic force is generated toward the surface of the image carrier 12 through a region that is not in contact with the image carrier 12 in the surface of the recording medium P, upstream of the transfer region 32 in the conveyance direction of the recording medium P. do it. As the transfer device 36, for example, a cylindrical transfer device 36 having a diameter of ± 20% with respect to the diameter of the image carrier 12 is configured, and the image carrier on the surface of the recording medium P on the upstream side. 12 may be configured to generate a magnetic force that releases the electrostatic force of the carrier 19B held on the image holding body 12 toward the surface of the image holding body 12 through a non-contact area.

このように、転写装置３６（図４参照）を、図１に示す転写装置２０及び磁力発生装置４０を含んだ構成とすることで、像保持体１２の表面へのキャリア痕が抑制されると共に、画像形成装置１０Ａの装置の簡略化が図れると考えられる。   As described above, the transfer device 36 (see FIG. 4) includes the transfer device 20 and the magnetic force generation device 40 shown in FIG. 1, thereby suppressing carrier marks on the surface of the image carrier 12. It can be considered that the image forming apparatus 10A can be simplified.

＜第２の実施の形態＞
上記第１の実施の形態では、磁力発生装置４０、または磁力発生装置４０と転写装置２０を一体的に構成した転写装置３６から、記録媒体Ｐの表面の内の像保持体１２に非接触の領域を介して、像保持体１２の表面に向かって磁力を発生する形態を説明した。 <Second Embodiment>
In the first embodiment, the magnetic force generating device 40 or the transfer device 36 in which the magnetic force generating device 40 and the transfer device 20 are integrally formed is not in contact with the image carrier 12 on the surface of the recording medium P. A mode in which a magnetic force is generated toward the surface of the image carrier 12 through the region has been described.

本実施の形態では、磁力発生装置から、記録媒体Ｐにおける像保持体１２に接触した領域を介して、像保持体１２の表面に向かって磁力を発生する形態を説明する。   In the present embodiment, a mode in which a magnetic force is generated from the magnetic force generator toward the surface of the image carrier 12 through a region of the recording medium P that is in contact with the image carrier 12 will be described.

図５に示すように、本実施の形態の画像形成装置１０Ｂは、像保持体１２、帯電装置１５、露光装置１６、現像装置１８、転写装置２０、磁力発生装置４０Ａ、除去装置２２、除電装置２４、及び定着装置２６が設けられている。なお、画像形成装置１０Ｂは、図１を用いて説明した画像形成装置１０における磁力発生装置４０を円筒状または円柱状の構成に限定し、その位置を、記録媒体Ｐを像保持体１２に接触させる（押しつける）位置に設けた以外は、同じ構成であることから、同一部分には同じ符号を付与して詳細な説明を省略する。   As shown in FIG. 5, an image forming apparatus 10B according to the present embodiment includes an image carrier 12, a charging device 15, an exposure device 16, a developing device 18, a transfer device 20, a magnetic force generating device 40A, a removing device 22, and a static eliminating device. 24 and a fixing device 26 are provided. In the image forming apparatus 10B, the magnetic force generator 40 in the image forming apparatus 10 described with reference to FIG. 1 is limited to a cylindrical or columnar configuration, and the position of the recording medium P contacts the image carrier 12. Since it is the same structure except providing in the position to make (press), the same code | symbol is attached | subjected to the same part and detailed description is abbreviate | omitted.

磁力発生装置４０Ａは、円柱状または円筒状に構成された磁力発生装置である。磁力発生装置４０Ａとしては、例えば、第１の実施の形態で説明した磁力発生装置４０を円柱状または円筒状に形成した構成が挙げられる。   The magnetic force generator 40A is a magnetic force generator configured in a columnar shape or a cylindrical shape. Examples of the magnetic force generator 40A include a configuration in which the magnetic force generator 40 described in the first embodiment is formed in a columnar shape or a cylindrical shape.

この磁力発生装置４０Ａは、転写装置２０より記録媒体Ｐの搬送方向上流側で、記録媒体Ｐを像保持体１２に接触させる位置に設けられている。そして、この磁力発生装置４０Ａが記録媒体Ｐを像保持体１２に接触させる力（押しつける力）は、転写装置２０が記録媒体Ｐを像保持体１２に押しつける力より弱い力に調整されている。この圧力の調整は、例えば、磁力発生装置４０Ａの設けられる位置や、磁力発生装置４０Ａに図示を省略するバネ部材を設けて、このバネ部材の種類や大きさを調整することで実現される。   The magnetic force generation device 40A is provided at a position where the recording medium P is brought into contact with the image carrier 12 on the upstream side of the transfer device 20 in the conveyance direction of the recording medium P. The force (pressing force) that causes the magnetic force generation device 40A to contact the recording medium P with the image carrier 12 is adjusted to be weaker than the force that the transfer device 20 presses the recording medium P against the image carrier 12. The adjustment of the pressure is realized by, for example, providing a position where the magnetic force generation device 40A is provided or a spring member (not shown) in the magnetic force generation device 40A and adjusting the type and size of the spring member.

画像形成装置１０Ｂを上記構成とすることで、記録媒体Ｐの表面の内の像保持体１２に非接触の領域を介して、像保持体１２の表面に向かって磁力を発生する形態に比べて、磁力発生装置４０Ａと像保持体１２との距離が狭まり、より小さい磁力で、効率的に、像保持体１２上に静電気力によって保持されたキャリア１９Ｂが記録媒体Ｐ側に移ると考えられる。   By adopting the above-described configuration of the image forming apparatus 10B, the magnetic force is generated toward the surface of the image carrier 12 through a region that is not in contact with the image carrier 12 on the surface of the recording medium P. The distance between the magnetic force generator 40A and the image carrier 12 is narrowed, and the carrier 19B held by the electrostatic force on the image carrier 12 can be efficiently transferred to the recording medium P side with a smaller magnetic force.

なお、像保持体１２の外側の面における、転写装置２０が記録媒体Ｐを介して像保持体１２に接する位置と、磁力発生装置４０Ａが記録媒体Ｐを介して像保持体１２に接する位置と、の距離は、画像形成装置１０Ｂの構成に応じて調整すればよいが、例えば、該距離の最短距離を、画像形成装置１０Ｂにおいて画像を記録する対象の記録媒体Ｐの搬送方向の最小長さ以下とすればよい。   Note that, on the outer surface of the image carrier 12, a position where the transfer device 20 contacts the image carrier 12 via the recording medium P, and a position where the magnetic force generator 40 </ b> A contacts the image carrier 12 via the recording medium P. May be adjusted according to the configuration of the image forming apparatus 10B. For example, the shortest distance is the minimum length in the transport direction of the recording medium P to be recorded with the image forming apparatus 10B. What is necessary is as follows.

このようにすれば、画像形成装置１０において、搬送経路３４を搬送された記録媒体Ｐが、像保持体１２の設けられている位置に達すると、転写装置２０及び磁力発生装置４０Ａによって、記録媒体Ｐは、像保持体１２の外周面に沿って面接触された状態となる。このため、より小さい磁力で、効率的に、像保持体１２上に静電気力によって保持されたキャリア１９Ｂが記録媒体Ｐ側に移るという効果を維持し、且つ、磁力発生装置４０Ａの配置位置の自由度が高まる、と考えられる。   In this way, in the image forming apparatus 10, when the recording medium P conveyed through the conveyance path 34 reaches the position where the image holding body 12 is provided, the recording medium is recorded by the transfer device 20 and the magnetic force generation device 40 </ b> A. P is in a state of surface contact along the outer peripheral surface of the image carrier 12. Therefore, the effect that the carrier 19B held by the electrostatic force on the image holding member 12 efficiently moves to the recording medium P side with a smaller magnetic force is maintained, and the arrangement position of the magnetic force generating device 40A can be freely set. It is thought that the degree will increase.

なお、記録媒体Ｐにおける像保持体１２に接触した領域を介して、像保持体１２の表面に向かって磁力を発生する形態としては、図５に示す構成に限られない。   The form in which the magnetic force is generated toward the surface of the image carrier 12 through the region in contact with the image carrier 12 in the recording medium P is not limited to the configuration shown in FIG.

例えば、図６に示す画像形成装置１０Ｃとしてもよい。   For example, the image forming apparatus 10C illustrated in FIG.

図６に示すように、画像形成装置１０Ｃは、像保持体１２、帯電装置１５、露光装置１６、現像装置１８、転写装置２０、磁力発生装置４０Ｂ、除去装置２２、除電装置２４、及び定着装置２６が設けられている。また、画像形成装置１０には、環状の搬送部材４７、支持部材４６、支持部材４９、及び支持部材４８が設けられている。   As shown in FIG. 6, the image forming apparatus 10 </ b> C includes an image carrier 12, a charging device 15, an exposure device 16, a developing device 18, a transfer device 20, a magnetic force generator 40 </ b> B, a removal device 22, a charge removal device 24, and a fixing device. 26 is provided. Further, the image forming apparatus 10 is provided with an annular conveyance member 47, a support member 46, a support member 49, and a support member 48.

なお、画像形成装置１０Ｃは、図１を用いて説明した画像形成装置１０における磁力発生装置４０を磁力発生装置４０Ｂとして用い、搬送部材４７、支持部材４６、支持部材４９、及び支持部材４８を設けた以外は、画像形成装置１０と同じ構成であることから、同一部分には同じ符号を付与して詳細な説明を省略する。   The image forming apparatus 10C uses the magnetic force generation device 40 in the image forming apparatus 10 described with reference to FIG. 1 as the magnetic force generation device 40B, and includes a conveyance member 47, a support member 46, a support member 49, and a support member 48. Since the configuration is the same as that of the image forming apparatus 10 except for the above, the same parts are denoted by the same reference numerals and detailed description thereof is omitted.

搬送部材４７は、環状に構成された無端ベルトであって、電子写真方式の画像形成装置で用いられる公知の中間転写ベルトや搬送ベルトを用いればよい。   The conveyance member 47 is an endless belt configured in an annular shape, and a known intermediate transfer belt or conveyance belt used in an electrophotographic image forming apparatus may be used.

この搬送部材４７の内側には、転写装置２０、支持部材４６、支持部材４８、及び支持部材４９が設けられており、搬送部材４７は、これらの部材によって内側から支持されている。
搬送部材４７は、これらの部材によって支持され、周方向（像保持体１２と反対方向、図６中、矢印Ｄ方向）に回転されることで、外側の面に記録媒体Ｐを保持して搬送する。 Inside the transport member 47, a transfer device 20, a support member 46, a support member 48, and a support member 49 are provided, and the transport member 47 is supported from the inside by these members.
The conveying member 47 is supported by these members and rotated in the circumferential direction (the direction opposite to the image holding body 12, the direction of arrow D in FIG. 6), thereby holding the recording medium P on the outer surface and conveying it. To do.

転写装置２０は、搬送部材４７を介して、表面に保持した記録媒体Ｐを像保持体１２側に押しつけるように配置されている。支持部材４６は、搬送部材４７の外側の面が、転写装置２０によって記録媒体Ｐを介して像保持体１２側に押しつけられる位置から、記録媒体Ｐの搬送方向上流側に向かって連続して像保持体１２の表面に面接触されるように、配置されている。このため、搬送部材４７の外側の面の一部は、転写装置２０と支持部材４６によって、像保持体１２に面接触されている。搬送部材４７によって像保持体１２の設けられている位置に搬送された記録媒体Ｐは、転写領域３２より搬送方向上流側から転写領域３２を通過するまで、像保持体１２に面接触されることとなる。   The transfer device 20 is arranged so as to press the recording medium P held on the surface thereof against the image carrier 12 via the conveying member 47. The support member 46 continuously images toward the upstream side in the conveyance direction of the recording medium P from a position where the outer surface of the conveyance member 47 is pressed against the image carrier 12 side by the transfer device 20 via the recording medium P. It arrange | positions so that the surface of the holding body 12 may be surface-contacted. Therefore, a part of the outer surface of the conveying member 47 is in surface contact with the image carrier 12 by the transfer device 20 and the support member 46. The recording medium P conveyed to the position where the image carrier 12 is provided by the conveyance member 47 is brought into surface contact with the image carrier 12 until it passes through the transfer region 32 from the upstream side of the transfer region 32 in the conveyance direction. It becomes.

磁力発生装置４０Ｂは、搬送部材４７によって搬送された記録媒体Ｐの、上記像保持体１２に面接触された領域を介して、像保持体１２の表面に向かって磁力を発生する位置に設けられている。   The magnetic force generation device 40B is provided at a position where the magnetic force is generated toward the surface of the image carrier 12 through the area of the recording medium P conveyed by the conveyance member 47 that is in surface contact with the image carrier 12. ing.

本実施の形態では、図６に示すように、磁力発生装置４０Ｂは、搬送部材４７の内側に設けられ、転写装置２０より記録媒体Ｐの搬送方向上流側で、且つ支持部材４６より記録媒体Ｐの搬送方向下流側に設けられている。そして、磁力発生装置４０Ｂは、該位置で、搬送部材４７及び記録媒体Ｐの像保持体１２に接触した領域を介して、像保持体１２に向かって磁力を発生する。このため、この記録媒体Ｐの像保持体１２に接触した領域（領域４２）に、磁力発生装置４０Ｂによる磁力が作用する。   In the present embodiment, as shown in FIG. 6, the magnetic force generation device 40 </ b> B is provided inside the conveyance member 47, upstream of the transfer device 20 in the conveyance direction of the recording medium P, and from the support member 46 to the recording medium P. Is provided on the downstream side in the transport direction. Then, the magnetic force generation device 40B generates a magnetic force toward the image holding body 12 through the region in contact with the conveying member 47 and the recording medium P on the image holding body 12 at this position. Therefore, the magnetic force generated by the magnetic force generator 40B acts on the area (area 42) of the recording medium P that is in contact with the image carrier 12.

なお、この領域４２において記録媒体Ｐが像保持体１２に押しつけられる力（圧力）は、転写領域３２において記録媒体Ｐが像保持体１２に押しつけられる力（圧力）より弱い力となるように調整される。この圧力の調整は、例えば、支持部材４６の位置を調整することで実現すればよい。   The force (pressure) at which the recording medium P is pressed against the image carrier 12 in this area 42 is adjusted to be weaker than the force (pressure) at which the recording medium P is pressed against the image carrier 12 in the transfer area 32. Is done. This pressure adjustment may be realized by adjusting the position of the support member 46, for example.

このようにすれば、画像形成装置１０Ｃにおいて、搬送部材４７によって搬送経路３４を搬送された記録媒体Ｐが、像保持体１２の設けられている位置に達すると、転写領域２３より上流側で像保持体１２に面接触された状態となる。そして、この記録媒体Ｐの像保持体１２に面接触された領域を介して、像保持体１２に磁力発生装置４０から磁力が加えられることとなる。   In this way, in the image forming apparatus 10 </ b> C, when the recording medium P transported through the transport path 34 by the transport member 47 reaches the position where the image carrier 12 is provided, the image is upstream of the transfer region 23. The surface is brought into contact with the holding body 12. Then, a magnetic force is applied to the image carrier 12 from the magnetic force generator 40 through the area of the recording medium P that is in surface contact with the image carrier 12.

このため、記録媒体Ｐの表面の内の像保持体１２に非接触の領域を介して、像保持体１２の表面に向かって磁力を発生する形態に比べて、磁力発生装置４０Ｂと像保持体１２との距離が狭まり、より小さい磁力で、効率的に、像保持体１２上に静電気力によって保持されたキャリア１９Ｂが記録媒体Ｐ側に移ると考えられる。   For this reason, compared with the form which produces magnetic force toward the surface of the image holding body 12 through the area | region which is not in contact with the image holding body 12 in the surface of the recording medium P, the magnetic force generator 40B and the image holding body. It is considered that the carrier 19B held by the electrostatic force on the image holding body 12 is efficiently moved to the recording medium P side with a smaller magnetic force, the distance to the recording medium 12 being narrowed.

なお、第１の実施の形態及び第２の実施の形態において、磁力発生装置４０（転写装置３６、磁力発生装置４０Ａ、磁力発生装置４０Ｂ）から記録媒体Ｐを介して像保持体１２に加えられる磁力は、少なくとも、該磁力の作用する領域４２を記録媒体Ｐが通過する期間のみに発生するように調整されてもよいし、該領域４２を記録媒体Ｐが通過する期間及び該期間外の期間継続して磁力を発生するように調整されていてもよい。この磁力の発生及び発生解除の調整は、磁力発生装置として電磁石を用いて、画像形成装置１０（画像形成装置１０、１０Ａ、１０Ｂ、１０Ｃ）に設けられ装置各部を制御する図示を省略する制御部から該電磁石に印加する電流の電流値を調整することで行えばよい。また、記録媒体Ｐが該磁力の作用する領域４２を通過する期間にのみ、磁力を発生するように調整する場合には、例えば、該領域４２より記録媒体Ｐの搬送方向上流側に、記録媒体Ｐを検知するセンサを設けて、該センサと該制御部とを電気的に接続し、該センサから記録媒体Ｐの検知を示す信号が入力されている間、磁力発生装置４０（転写装置３６、磁力発生装置４０Ａ、磁力発生装置４０Ｂ）から記録媒体Ｐを介して像保持体１２に向かって磁力を発生するように上記電流の電流値を調整すればよい。   In the first and second embodiments, the magnetic force generator 40 (transfer device 36, magnetic force generator 40A, magnetic force generator 40B) is applied to the image carrier 12 through the recording medium P. The magnetic force may be adjusted so as to be generated at least only during a period in which the recording medium P passes through the region 42 where the magnetic force acts, or a period during which the recording medium P passes through the region 42 and a period outside the period. It may be adjusted so as to continuously generate a magnetic force. The adjustment of the generation and cancellation of the magnetic force is performed by using an electromagnet as a magnetic force generator, and is provided in the image forming apparatus 10 (image forming apparatuses 10, 10A, 10B, and 10C) and controls each part of the apparatus (not shown). To adjust the current value of the current applied to the electromagnet. Further, when the adjustment is made so that the magnetic force is generated only during the period when the recording medium P passes through the region 42 where the magnetic force acts, for example, the recording medium is arranged upstream of the region 42 in the transport direction of the recording medium P. A sensor for detecting P is provided, the sensor and the control unit are electrically connected, and while a signal indicating detection of the recording medium P is input from the sensor, the magnetic force generator 40 (the transfer device 36, The current value of the current may be adjusted so that a magnetic force is generated from the magnetic force generation device 40A and the magnetic force generation device 40B) toward the image carrier 12 via the recording medium P.

なお、上記第１の実施の形態及び第２の実施の形態で説明した画像形成装置１０、画像形成装置１０Ｂ、及び画像形成装置１０Ｃの各々で用いられる像保持体１２の構成は、いかなる構成であってもよいが、以下の構成の像保持体１２が感度の低下の抑制の観点から良い。なお、以下の像保持体１２は、感度の低下の抑制の観点から望ましいものの、本実施の形態の磁力発生装置４０や、磁力発生装置と一体的に形成された転写装置３６や、磁力発生装置４０Ａや、磁力発生装置４０Ｂを備えていない画像形成装置では、キャリア痕が発生しやすい場合があった。
しかしながら、第１の実施の形態及び第２の実施の形態で説明した画像形成装置１０、画像形成装置１０Ｂ、及び画像形成装置１０Ｃでは、像保持体１２上に保持されたキャリア１９Ｂを、該像保持体１２に保持されたキャリア１９Ｂが転写領域３２に到る前に、磁力発生装置４０（磁力発生装置４０、磁力発生装置４０Ａ、磁力発生装置４０Ｂ）によって像保持体１２の表面から離して記録媒体Ｐ側に載せることから、下記構成の像保持体１２を用いた場合であっても、キャリア痕が抑制されると考えられる。 The configuration of the image carrier 12 used in each of the image forming apparatus 10, the image forming apparatus 10B, and the image forming apparatus 10C described in the first embodiment and the second embodiment is any configuration. However, the image carrier 12 having the following configuration may be used from the viewpoint of suppressing a decrease in sensitivity. Although the following image carrier 12 is desirable from the viewpoint of suppressing the decrease in sensitivity, the magnetic force generator 40 of the present embodiment, the transfer device 36 formed integrally with the magnetic force generator, or the magnetic force generator. In an image forming apparatus that does not include 40A or the magnetic force generator 40B, carrier traces are likely to occur.
However, in the image forming apparatus 10, the image forming apparatus 10 </ b> B, and the image forming apparatus 10 </ b> C described in the first embodiment and the second embodiment, the carrier 19 </ b> B held on the image holding body 12 is used as the image. Before the carrier 19B held by the holding body 12 reaches the transfer area 32, recording is performed by separating from the surface of the image holding body 12 by the magnetic force generator 40 (magnetic force generator 40, magnetic force generator 40A, magnetic force generator 40B). Since it is placed on the medium P side, it is considered that carrier traces are suppressed even when the image carrier 12 having the following configuration is used.

像保持体１２としては、公知の電荷輸送層及び電荷発生層の構成を用いればよい。   As the image carrier 12, a known charge transport layer and charge generation layer may be used.

以下、本実施の形態の画像形成装置を実施例によって具体的に説明するが、これらの実施例によって限定されるものではない。また、以下において特に指定のない場合「部」は「質量部」を表し、「％」は「質量％」を表す。   Hereinafter, the image forming apparatus of the present embodiment will be specifically described with reference to examples, but the present invention is not limited to these examples. Further, unless otherwise specified, “part” represents “part by mass” and “%” represents “mass%”.

―像保持体の調整―
（像保持体１）
まず、以下に説明する手順により、アルミニウム（Ａｌ）基体上に、下引層と電荷発生層と電荷輸送層とをこの順に重ねて形成した。 -Adjustment of image carrier-
(Image carrier 1)
First, an undercoat layer, a charge generation layer, and a charge transport layer were stacked in this order on an aluminum (Al) substrate by the procedure described below.

ジルコニウム化合物（商品名：マツモト製薬社製オルガノチックスＺＣ５４０）２０質量部、シラン化合物（商品名：日本ユニカー社製Ａ１１００）２．５質量部、ポリビニルブチラール樹脂（商品名：積水化学社製エスレックＢＭ−Ｓ）１０質量部およびブタノール４５質量部を攪拌混合して得た溶液を、外径８４ｍｍのＡｌ製基体表面に塗布し、１５０℃１０分間加熱乾燥することにより、層厚１．０μｍの下引層を形成した。   20 parts by mass of a zirconium compound (trade name: Organotix ZC540 manufactured by Matsumoto Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd.), 2.5 parts by mass of a silane compound (trade name: A1100 manufactured by Nihon Unicar Co., Ltd.), a polyvinyl butyral resin (trade name: S-REC BM- manufactured by Sekisui Chemical Co., Ltd.) S) A solution obtained by stirring and mixing 10 parts by weight and 45 parts by weight of butanol was applied to the surface of an Al substrate having an outer diameter of 84 mm and dried by heating at 150 ° C. for 10 minutes, whereby the layer thickness was 1.0 μm. A layer was formed.

次に、電荷発生材料としてクロロガリウムフタロシアニン１質量部を、ポリビニルブチラール（商品名：積水化学社製エスレックＢＭ−Ｓ）１質量部および酢酸ｎ−ブチル１００質量部と混合して得られた混合物をガラスビーズとともにペイントシェーカーで１時間分散し、電荷発生層形成用分散液を得た。
この分散液を浸漬法により下引層の上に塗布した後、１００℃で１０分間乾燥させ、層厚０．１５μｍの電荷発生層を形成した。 Next, a mixture obtained by mixing 1 part by mass of chlorogallium phthalocyanine as a charge generation material with 1 part by mass of polyvinyl butyral (trade name: S-REC BM-S manufactured by Sekisui Chemical Co., Ltd.) and 100 parts by mass of n-butyl acetate. Dispersion with a glass bead with a paint shaker for 1 hour gave a dispersion for forming a charge generation layer.
This dispersion was applied on the undercoat layer by the dipping method and then dried at 100 ° C. for 10 minutes to form a charge generation layer having a layer thickness of 0.15 μm.

次に、下記構造式（１）で表される化合物を２質量部、および、繰り返し単位が下記構造式（２）で表される高分子化合物（粘度平均分子量：３９０００）３質量部をクロロベンゼン２０質量部に溶解させて電荷輸送層形成用の塗布液を得た。   Next, 2 parts by mass of a compound represented by the following structural formula (1) and 3 parts by mass of a polymer compound (viscosity average molecular weight: 39000) represented by the following structural formula (2) are used as chlorobenzene 20 A coating solution for forming a charge transport layer was obtained by dissolving in part by mass.

この塗布液を、浸漬法により上記電荷発生層上に塗布し、１１０℃で４０分間加熱して層厚２０μｍの電荷輸送層を形成し、Ａｌ基体上に、下引層と電荷発生層と電荷輸送層とをこの順に重ねた積層体（以下、「ノンコート像保持体」と称する）を得た。   This coating solution is applied onto the charge generation layer by an immersion method, heated at 110 ° C. for 40 minutes to form a charge transport layer having a layer thickness of 20 μm, and an undercoat layer, a charge generation layer, and a charge are formed on the Al substrate. A laminated body (hereinafter referred to as “non-coated image carrier”) in which the transport layer was stacked in this order was obtained.

次に、上記調整したノンコート像保持体の表面に、保護層を形成した。
まず、上記ノンコート像保持体の表面へ、第２の層を形成した。
ノンコート像保持体の表面への第２の層の形成は、図７（Ａ）及び図７（Ｂ）に示す構成を有する成膜装置を用いて行った。
まず、ノンコート像保持体１２Ａを、成膜装置の成膜室１００内の基材支持部材１３０に載せ、排気口１１０を介して成膜室１０内を、圧力が０．１Ｐａになるまで真空排気した。
次に、Ｈｅ希釈２０％酸素ガス（２０ｓｃｃｍ）、Ｈｅガス（１００ｓｃｃｍ）、及びＨ２ガス（５００ｓｃｃｍ）を、ガス導入管２００から直径５０ｍｍの電極１９０が設けられた高周波放電管部２１０内に導入し、高周波電力供給部１８０およびマッチング回路（図７中不図示）により、１３．５６ＭＨｚのラジオ波を出力１００Ｗにセットしチューナでマッチングを取り電極１９０から放電を行った。この時の反射波は０Ｗであった。 Next, a protective layer was formed on the surface of the adjusted non-coated image carrier.
First, a second layer was formed on the surface of the non-coated image carrier.
The formation of the second layer on the surface of the non-coated image holding member was performed using a film forming apparatus having the configuration shown in FIGS. 7A and 7B.
First, the non-coated image carrier 12A is placed on the substrate support member 130 in the film forming chamber 100 of the film forming apparatus, and the inside of the film forming chamber 10 is evacuated through the exhaust port 110 until the pressure becomes 0.1 Pa. did.
Next, He diluted 20% oxygen gas (20 sccm), He gas (100 sccm), and H 2 gas (500 sccm) are introduced from the gas introduction tube 200 into the high-frequency discharge tube section 210 provided with the electrode 190 having a diameter of 50 mm. Then, a radio wave of 13.56 MHz was set to an output of 100 W by a high frequency power supply unit 180 and a matching circuit (not shown in FIG. 7), matching was performed with a tuner, and discharge from the electrode 190 was performed. The reflected wave at this time was 0 W.

次に、トリメチルガリウムガス（３ｓｃｃｍ）を、ガス導入管１５０を介してシャワーノズル１６０から成膜室１００内のプラズマ拡散部１７０に導入した。この時、バラトロン真空計で測定した成膜室１００内の反応圧力は４０Ｐａであった。   Next, trimethylgallium gas (3 sccm) was introduced from the shower nozzle 160 into the plasma diffusion unit 170 in the film formation chamber 100 through the gas introduction pipe 150. At this time, the reaction pressure in the film forming chamber 100 measured with a Baratron vacuum gauge was 40 Pa.

この状態で、ノンコート像保持体１２Ａを１００ｒｐｍの速度で回転させながら１２０分間成膜し、ノンコート像保持体の電荷輸送層表面に層厚３．５μｍの第２の層を形成した。   In this state, a film was formed for 120 minutes while rotating the non-coated image carrier 12A at a speed of 100 rpm, and a second layer having a thickness of 3.5 μm was formed on the surface of the charge transport layer of the non-coated image carrier.

次に、この第２の層上に、第１の層を形成した。
第１の層の形成としては、まず、上記の高周波放電を停止し、Ｈｅ希釈２０％酸素ガスの流量を１ｓｃｃｍに変更した後、再び高周波放電を開始した。
この状態で、第２の層を形成したノンコート像保持体を１００ｒｐｍの速度で回転させながら３０分間成膜し、第２の層上に、層厚０．３μｍの第１の層を形成した。 Next, a first layer was formed on the second layer.
As the formation of the first layer, first, the high frequency discharge was stopped, the flow rate of He diluted 20% oxygen gas was changed to 1 sccm, and then high frequency discharge was started again.
In this state, the non-coated image carrier on which the second layer was formed was formed for 30 minutes while rotating at a speed of 100 rpm, and a first layer having a layer thickness of 0.3 μm was formed on the second layer.

以上により、ノンコート像保持体の電荷輸送層上に、保護層として、第２の層及び第１の層をこの順に有する像保持体（保護層付き像保持体）を得た。
なお、保護層（第２の層及び第１の層）の成膜に際しては、ノンコート像保持体の加熱処理は行わなかった。また、成膜時の温度をモニターするために、成膜前に予めノンコート像保持体の表面に貼り付けておいた温度測定用ステッカー（Ｗａｈｌ社製、テンプ・プレート Ｐ／Ｎ１０１）の色を、第１の層の成膜後に確認したところ、４５℃であった。 As described above, an image carrier (image carrier with a protective layer) having the second layer and the first layer in this order as protective layers on the charge transport layer of the non-coated image carrier was obtained.
Note that when the protective layers (second layer and first layer) were formed, the non-coated image carrier was not subjected to heat treatment. In addition, in order to monitor the temperature at the time of film formation, the color of the temperature measurement sticker (manufactured by Wahl, Temp Plate P / N101) previously attached to the surface of the non-coated image carrier before film formation is It was 45 degreeC when it confirmed after film-forming of the 1st layer.

――第１の層の分析・評価――
厚さ３００μｍのＳｉ基板上に、前記第１の層の成膜と同条件にて分析用の試料膜を形成した。分析用試料膜を形成する基板としては、５ｍｍ×１０ｍｍにカットされた厚さ４００μｍのＳｉウェハーを用いた。形成された第１の層（試料膜）について、膜の組成をラザフォード・バック・スキャタリング（ＲＢＳ）とハイドロジェン・フォワードスキャタリング（ＨＦＳ）とを用いて測定した。原子数比〔Ｏ／Ｇａ〕及び水素含有量（ＧａとＯとＨとの総原子数に対するＨの原子数の比率；原子％）は、１．２０であった。 -Analysis and evaluation of the first layer-
A sample film for analysis was formed on a Si substrate having a thickness of 300 μm under the same conditions as those for forming the first layer. As a substrate on which the sample film for analysis was formed, a Si wafer having a thickness of 400 μm cut into 5 mm × 10 mm was used. About the formed 1st layer (sample film | membrane), the composition of the film | membrane was measured using Rutherford back scattering (RBS) and hydrogen forward scattering (HFS). The atomic ratio [O / Ga] and the hydrogen content (ratio of the number of H atoms to the total number of atoms of Ga, O, and H; atomic%) were 1.20.

――第２の層の分析・評価――
第１の層の分析・評価と同様の手法により、第２の層の分析・評価を行った。
原子数比〔Ｏ／Ｇａ〕及び水素含有量（ＧａとＯとＨとの総原子数に対するＨの原子数の比率；原子％）は、１．５０であり、第１の層よりガリウムに対する酸素の原子数比が大きかった。 -Analysis and evaluation of the second layer-
The second layer was analyzed and evaluated in the same manner as the analysis and evaluation of the first layer.
The atomic ratio [O / Ga] and the hydrogen content (ratio of the atomic number of H to the total atomic number of Ga, O, and H; atomic%) are 1.50, and oxygen relative to gallium from the first layer. The atomic ratio of was large.

（像保持体２）
像保持体１中、第１の層の形成において、Ｈｅ希釈２０％酸素ガスの流量を２ｓｃｃｍに変更し、かつ、第２の層の形成において、Ｈｅ希釈２０％酸素ガスの流量を１ｓｃｃｍに成膜時間を１８０分間に、それぞれ変更した以外は像保持体１と同様にして保護層付きの像保持体２を作製し、保護層付の像保持体１と同様の分析を行った。分析の結果を下記表１に示した。
なお、石英基板上に成膜した第２の層（分析用の試料膜）は、茶色く着色しており、７８０ｎｍにおける透過率は５０％であった。 (Image carrier 2)
In the image carrier 1, the flow rate of He diluted 20% oxygen gas is changed to 2 sccm in the formation of the first layer, and the flow rate of He diluted 20% oxygen gas is changed to 1 sccm in the formation of the second layer. An image carrier 2 with a protective layer was produced in the same manner as the image carrier 1 except that the filming time was changed to 180 minutes, and the same analysis as the image carrier 1 with a protective layer was performed. The results of the analysis are shown in Table 1 below.
The second layer (analytical sample film) formed on the quartz substrate was colored brown, and the transmittance at 780 nm was 50%.

（像保持体３）
上記調整した像保持体１において、保護層を設ける前の状態の上記「ノンコート像保持体」（Ａｌ基体上に、下引層と電荷発生層と電荷輸送層とをこの順に重ねた積層体）を、像保持体３として用意した。 (Image carrier 3)
In the prepared image carrier 1, the “non-coated image carrier” in a state before providing a protective layer (a laminate in which an undercoat layer, a charge generation layer, and a charge transport layer are stacked in this order on an Al base) Was prepared as an image carrier 3.

―磁力発生装置の調整―
磁力発生装置として、日立金属社製、ＮＥＯＭＡＸ（ネオジム磁石）を用意した。 -Adjustment of magnetic force generator-
As a magnetic force generator, Hitachi Metals' NEOMAX (neodymium magnet) was prepared.

―二成分現像剤の調整―
二成分現像剤としては、トナーとキャリアとからなる富士ゼロックス社製、ＤｏｃｕＣｅｎｔｒｅ Ｃｏｌｏｒ５５４０用現像剤を用意した。なお、この二成分現像剤に含まれるキャリアの体積平均一次粒径は、３５μｍであった。 -Adjustment of two-component developer-
As the two-component developer, a developer for DocuCentre Color 5540 made by Fuji Xerox Co., Ltd. comprising toner and carrier was prepared. The volume average primary particle size of the carrier contained in this two-component developer was 35 μm.

―記録媒体―
評価に用いる記録媒体として、富士ゼロックス社製、コピー用紙 Ｌ紙を用意した。 -recoding media-
As a recording medium used for evaluation, copy paper L paper manufactured by Fuji Xerox Co., Ltd. was prepared.

この記録媒体の、算術平均表面粗さＲａを測定したところ、４２μｍであった。この算術平均表面粗さＲａは、触針式表面粗さ測定機（サーフコム１４００Ａ：東京精密社製等）を使用して測定した。その測定条件としては、ＪＩＳ Ｂ０６０１−１９９４に準拠し、評価長さＬｎ＝４ｍｍ、基準長さＬ＝０．８ｍｍ、カットオフ値＝０．８ｍｍとした。   The arithmetic average surface roughness Ra of this recording medium was measured and found to be 42 μm. The arithmetic average surface roughness Ra was measured using a stylus type surface roughness measuring machine (Surfcom 1400A: manufactured by Tokyo Seimitsu Co., Ltd.). As the measurement conditions, based on JIS B0601-1994, the evaluation length Ln = 4 mm, the reference length L = 0.8 mm, and the cutoff value = 0.8 mm.

（実施例１）
上記保護層付き像保持体１を、富士ゼロックス社製ＤｏｃｕＰｒｉｎｔ５０５に像保持体として取り付けた。また、上記磁力発生装置を、図１に示すように、転写装置より像保持体の回転方向上流側で、現像装置より像保持体の回転方向下流側で、記録媒体が像保持体に対して非接触の状態で、該記録媒体を介して像保持体に向かって磁力を発生する位置に取り付けた。なお、このときの、記録媒体（記録媒体の搬送経路）と、磁力発生装置のネオジム磁石までの最短距離は１．５ｍｍとした。
設置した状態の磁力発生装置から、記録媒体を介して像保持体に向かって磁力を発生させたときに、像保持体表面にかかる磁力の最大値を電子磁気工業(株)ＧＭ−５３０７によって測定したところ、４８０ｍＴであった。 Example 1
The image carrier 1 with the protective layer was attached to DocuPrint 505 manufactured by Fuji Xerox Co., Ltd. as an image carrier. In addition, as shown in FIG. 1, the magnetic force generator is arranged on the upstream side in the rotation direction of the image carrier from the transfer device and on the downstream side in the rotation direction of the image carrier from the developing device. In a non-contact state, it was attached to a position where a magnetic force was generated toward the image carrier through the recording medium. At this time, the shortest distance between the recording medium (recording medium conveyance path) and the neodymium magnet of the magnetic force generator was 1.5 mm.
When a magnetic force is generated from the installed magnetic force generator toward the image carrier via a recording medium, the maximum value of the magnetic force applied to the surface of the image carrier is measured by GM-5307. As a result, it was 480 mT.

＜評価＞
次に、下記条件にて像保持体上のキャリア痕を評価した。
・環境：２８℃、８０％ＲＨ
・プロセススピード：１７３ｍｍ／秒
・現像剤担持体と感光ドラムとの周速比：１．０３：１
・現像剤担持体と感光ドラムとの間隔：２００μｍ
・感光ドラムの電位：Ｖｈ＝−４２０Ｖ、Ｖｌ＝−１００Ｖ
・現像バイアス：直流−３００Ｖに、１．８ｋＶｐ−ｐ２．１ｋＨｚの交流電圧を重畳させた電圧
・転写部材の材質：発泡ウレタン
・転写部材の径 ：２０ｍｍ
・転写部材が記録媒体を像保持体に押しつける押しつけ圧：０．２Ｎ／ｃｍ
・磁力発生装置 <Evaluation>
Next, carrier marks on the image carrier were evaluated under the following conditions.
・ Environment: 28 ℃, 80% RH
Process speed: 173 mm / sec. Peripheral speed ratio between developer carrier and photosensitive drum: 1.03: 1
-Distance between developer carrier and photosensitive drum: 200 μm
-Potential of photosensitive drum: Vh = -420V, Vl = -100V
・ Development bias: Voltage obtained by superimposing an AC voltage of 1.8 kVp-p2.1 kHz on DC-300 V. Transfer material: urethane foam. Transfer member diameter: 20 mm.
A pressing pressure at which the transfer member presses the recording medium against the image carrier: 0.2 N / cm
・ Magnetic force generator

上記条件下で、１０％のハーフトーン画像を上記記録媒体に連続して２万枚形成する画像形成試験を行い、該画像形成試験の後の像保持体の表面の、記録媒体が通過した領域（通紙部）、及び通過しなかった領域（非通紙部）の各々について、キャリア痕の数を調べた。なお、像保持体上に生じた傷の内、平均差し渡し径が２μm以上の孤立斑状に観察されるものを、「キャリア痕」として認定した。
そして、像保持体の表面の任意の１０点の各々について「１ｍｍ２あたりの、５μｍ未満の大きさのキャリア痕の数」、「１ｍｍ２あたりの、５μｍ以上１０μｍ未満の大きさのキャリア痕の数」、「１ｍｍ２あたりの、１０μｍ以上１５μｍ未満のキャリア痕の数」の各々を求め、各大きさの範囲のキャリア痕の数について、計測した１０点の平均値を求めた。計測結果を表１に示した。 Under the above-mentioned conditions, an image forming test was performed in which 20,000 sheets of 10% halftone images were continuously formed on the recording medium, and the area on the surface of the image carrier after the image forming test through which the recording medium passed The number of carrier marks was examined for each of the (paper passing portion) and the area that did not pass (non-paper passing portion). Of the scratches generated on the image carrier, those observed as isolated spots with an average diameter of 2 μm or more were recognized as “carrier marks”.
Then, for each of any 10 points on the surface of the image carrier "per 1 mm 2, less than 5 [mu] m the number of carriers mark size", per "1 mm 2, less than 5 [mu] m 10 [mu] m size of carrier scars Each of “number” and “the number of carrier traces of 10 μm or more and less than 15 μm per 1 mm 2 ” was obtained, and the average value of 10 points measured for the number of carrier traces in each size range was obtained. The measurement results are shown in Table 1.

（実施例２）
実施例１で用いた像保持体１に代えて、像保持体２を用いた以外は、実施例１と同じ条件で画像形成試験を行い、実施例１と同じ評価方法でキャリア痕の評価を行った。評価結果を表１に示した。 (Example 2)
An image forming test was performed under the same conditions as in Example 1 except that the image carrier 2 was used instead of the image carrier 1 used in Example 1, and the carrier marks were evaluated by the same evaluation method as in Example 1. went. The evaluation results are shown in Table 1.

（実施例３）
実施例１で用いた像保持体１に代えて、像保持体３を用いた以外は、実施例１と同じ条件で画像形成試験を行い、実施例１と同じ評価方法でキャリア痕の評価を行った。評価結果を表１に示した。 (Example 3)
An image forming test was performed under the same conditions as in Example 1 except that the image carrier 3 was used instead of the image carrier 1 used in Example 1, and the carrier marks were evaluated by the same evaluation method as in Example 1. went. The evaluation results are shown in Table 1.

（実施例４） 上記保護層付き像保持体１を、富士ゼロックス社製ＤｏｃｕＣｅｎｔｒｅ ｆ９００に像保持体として取り付けた。また、この富士ゼロックス社製ＤｏｃｕＣｅｎｔｒｅ ｆ９００を、図６に示す構成の画像形成装置に改造した。
詳細には、環状の部材（ベルト）を用意し、円柱状の複数の支持部材と転写装置によって内側から支持した。そして、この環状の部材が、転写装置によって像保持体に表面に押しつけられ、円筒状の支持部材によって該管状部材の外側の面が、該転写装置によって像保持体の外側の面に接する位置から、像保持体１の外側の面に沿って、像保持体１の回転方向の上流側に向かって４５ｍｍの距離まで面接触するように、複数の支持部材の内の１つを配置した。その他の支持部材については、搬送部材が撓まないように内側から支持する位置に配置した。 (Example 4) The image carrier 1 with a protective layer was attached to DocuCentre f900 manufactured by Fuji Xerox Co., Ltd. as an image carrier. Further, the DocuCentre f900 manufactured by Fuji Xerox Co., Ltd. was modified to an image forming apparatus having the configuration shown in FIG.
Specifically, an annular member (belt) was prepared and supported from the inside by a plurality of cylindrical support members and a transfer device. The annular member is pressed against the surface of the image carrier by the transfer device, and the cylindrical support member causes the outer surface of the tubular member to come into contact with the outer surface of the image carrier by the transfer device. Then, one of the plurality of support members was arranged so as to make surface contact along the outer surface of the image carrier 1 up to a distance of 45 mm toward the upstream side in the rotation direction of the image carrier 1. Other support members were arranged at positions where they were supported from the inside so that the conveying member would not bend.

そして、磁力発生装置を、図６に示すように、搬送部材（図６では搬送部材４７に相当）の内側の、転写装置より像保持体の回転方向上流側で、現像装置より像保持体の回転方向下流側で、且つ記録媒体が像保持体に接触した領域を介して像保持体に向かって磁力を発生する位置に設けた。なお、このときの、記録媒体（記録媒体の搬送経路）と、磁力発生装置のネオジム磁石までの最短距離は２ｍｍとした。
設置した状態の磁力発生装置から、記録媒体を介して像保持体に向かって磁力を発生させたときに、像保持体表面にかかる磁力の最大値を電子磁気工業(株)ＧＭ−５３０７ によって測定したところ、７６０ｍＴであった。 Then, as shown in FIG. 6, the magnetic force generator is arranged on the inner side of the conveying member (corresponding to the conveying member 47 in FIG. 6) on the upstream side in the rotational direction of the image carrier from the transfer device. The magnetic recording medium is provided at a position where the magnetic force is generated toward the image carrier through the area where the recording medium is in contact with the image carrier on the downstream side in the rotation direction. At this time, the shortest distance between the recording medium (recording medium conveyance path) and the neodymium magnet of the magnetic force generator was 2 mm.
When a magnetic force is generated from the installed magnetic force generator toward the image carrier through the recording medium, the maximum value of the magnetic force applied to the surface of the image carrier is measured by GM-5307. As a result, it was 760 mT.

次に、上記実施例１と同じ条件で画像形成試験を行い、実施例１と同じ評価方法でキャリア痕の評価を行った。評価結果を表１に示した。   Next, an image formation test was performed under the same conditions as in Example 1, and carrier marks were evaluated by the same evaluation method as in Example 1. The evaluation results are shown in Table 1.

（比較例１〜比較例３）
上記実施例１〜実施例３の各々について、磁力発生装置を取り外した以外は、同じ条件で画像形成試験を行い、同じ評価方法でキャリア痕の評価を行ったものを、各々比較例１〜比較例３とした。評価結果を表１に示した。 (Comparative Examples 1 to 3)
For each of the above Examples 1 to 3, except that the magnetic force generator was removed, the image formation test was performed under the same conditions, and the carrier marks were evaluated by the same evaluation method. Example 3 was used. The evaluation results are shown in Table 1.

表１に示すように、磁力発生装置を設けた実施例１〜実施例４では、磁力発生装置を備えていない比較例１〜比較例３に比べて、像保持体の表面のキャリア痕の抑制がはかれていた。
また、保護層を備えた像保持体１を備えた実施例１と、保護層を設けていない以外は同じ構成の像保持体３を備えた実施例３と、の何れについても、比較例１〜比較例３に比べてキャリア痕の抑制が図れていた。 As shown in Table 1, in Examples 1 to 4 provided with a magnetic force generation device, carrier traces on the surface of the image carrier are suppressed compared to Comparative Examples 1 to 3 that do not include the magnetic force generation device. Had been removed.
Comparative Example 1 includes both Example 1 including the image carrier 1 including the protective layer and Example 3 including the image carrier 3 having the same configuration except that the protective layer is not provided. Compared with Comparative Example 3, carrier traces were suppressed.

１０，１０Ａ，１０Ｂ，１０Ｃ 画像形成装置、１２ 像保持体、１５ 帯電装置、１６ 露光装置、１８ 現像装置、２０ 転写装置、２６ 定着装置、４０，４０Ａ，４０Ｂ 磁力発生装置，１ 基体，２ 感光層，３，５３，６３ 保護層 10, 10A, 10B, 10C Image forming device, 12 Image carrier, 15 Charging device, 16 Exposure device, 18 Developing device, 20 Transfer device, 26 Fixing device, 40, 40A, 40B Magnetic force generator, 1 Substrate, 2 Photosensitive Layer, 3, 53, 63 Protective layer

Claims (3)

像保持体と、
前記像保持体を帯電させる帯電装置と、
前記帯電装置によって帯電された前記像保持体に静電潜像を形成する潜像形成装置と、
トナー及びキャリアを含む二成分現像剤によって、前記像保持体上に形成された前記静電潜像を現像する現像装置と、
前記前記現像装置によって前記像保持体上に形成されたトナー像を記録媒体へ転写する転写装置と、
前記現像装置より前記像保持体の回転方向下流側で、且つ前記転写装置より前記像保持体の回転方向上流側に設けられ、前記記録媒体を介して前記像保持体に向かって磁力を発生する磁力発生装置と、
を備えた画像形成装置。 An image carrier,
A charging device for charging the image carrier;
A latent image forming device that forms an electrostatic latent image on the image carrier charged by the charging device;
A developing device for developing the electrostatic latent image formed on the image carrier with a two-component developer containing toner and a carrier;
A transfer device for transferring a toner image formed on the image carrier by the developing device to a recording medium;
Provided downstream of the developing device in the rotation direction of the image carrier and upstream of the transfer device in the rotation direction of the image carrier, and generates magnetic force toward the image carrier through the recording medium. A magnetic force generator,
An image forming apparatus. 前記像保持体は、
円柱状の基体と、
前記基体上に設けられた感光層と、
前記感光層上に設けられ、酸素及びガリウムを含有し、外側に存在する第1の領域、及び該第１の領域よりも前記基体に近い側に存在し、前記第1の領域に比べてガリウムに対する酸素の原子数比が大きい第２の領域を有する保護層と、
を有する請求項１に記載の画像形成装置。 The image carrier is
A cylindrical substrate;
A photosensitive layer provided on the substrate;
A first region which is provided on the photosensitive layer and contains oxygen and gallium and which is present on the outer side, and is present on a side closer to the substrate than the first region, and is more gallium than the first region; A protective layer having a second region with a large atomic ratio of oxygen to
The image forming apparatus according to claim 1, comprising: 前記転写装置より前記記録媒体の搬送方向上流側に配置され、前記転写装置より前記像保持体の回転方向上流側で前記記録媒体を該像保持体の表面に接触させる接触部材と、
を有し、
前記磁力発生装置は、前記記録媒体の、前記接触部材によって前記像保持体に接触した領域を介して、前記像保持体に向かって磁力を発生する請求項１または請求項２に記載の画像形成装置。 A contact member disposed upstream of the transfer device in the conveyance direction of the recording medium, and contacting the recording medium with the surface of the image carrier on the upstream side of the transfer device in the rotation direction of the image carrier;
Have
3. The image formation according to claim 1, wherein the magnetic force generator generates a magnetic force toward the image carrier through an area of the recording medium that is in contact with the image carrier by the contact member. apparatus.
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