JP2011080913A - Method and apparatus for sensing reinforcing bar when cutting to-be-cut object including cutting apparatus - Google Patents
Method and apparatus for sensing reinforcing bar when cutting to-be-cut object including cutting apparatus Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
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本発明は、鉄筋を含む被切削物を切削する際の鉄筋感知方法，及び鉄筋感知手段を備えた切削装置に関するものである。 The present invention relates to a reinforcing bar sensing method and a cutting apparatus provided with a reinforcing bar sensing means when a workpiece including a reinforcing bar is cut.
鉄筋コンクリート構造物の補修工事や改修工事では、コアドリルによる穿孔やウォールソーによる壁面の切断等が行われる。これらの工事においては、鉄筋コンクリート構造物全体の強度の低下を招くおそれがあるため、構造物中に既設の鉄筋を破壊しないように施工することが望まれる。 In repair work and repair work on reinforced concrete structures, drilling with a core drill or cutting of a wall surface with a wall saw is performed. In these constructions, there is a possibility that the strength of the entire reinforced concrete structure may be lowered. Therefore, it is desired to perform the construction so as not to destroy the existing reinforcing bars in the structure.
鉄筋コンクリート構造物中の鉄筋の位置が、図面等により明確にわかっている場合には、鉄筋を避けて工事を行うことが可能である。例えば、特許文献１に示す切削装置を用いて、鉄筋を的確に把握しながら施工することができる。 When the position of a reinforcing bar in a reinforced concrete structure is clearly known from a drawing or the like, it is possible to perform the work while avoiding the reinforcing bar. For example, using the cutting apparatus shown in Patent Document 1, it is possible to perform construction while accurately grasping the reinforcing bars.
しかし、図面が保管されていないことにより鉄筋コンクリート構造物中に既設の鉄筋の位置が明確に把握できない場合や、図面があっても必ずしも設計図通りに鉄筋が配筋されていない場合がある。このようなケースでは、補修工事や改修工事において誤って鉄筋を破壊してしまう場合や、鉄筋を破壊することを想定した施工をする場合もある。 However, there is a case where the position of the existing reinforcing bar cannot be clearly grasped in the reinforced concrete structure because the drawing is not stored, or the reinforcing bar is not necessarily arranged according to the design drawing even if there is a drawing. In such a case, there is a case where the reinforcing bar is accidentally destroyed in the repair work or the renovation work, or the construction is assumed to destroy the reinforcing bar.
本出願人らは、鉄筋の位置が不明である鉄筋コンクリート構造物に対しても鉄筋を破壊することのない鉄筋感知方法，及び鉄筋感知手段を備えた切削装置についての関連出願を行っている（特願２００８−０８００５４）。この先行出願では、被切削物中の鉄筋感知の手法として、切削手段と被切削物との間に交流電圧を印加して、その際に測定されるインピーダンスの変化を検出するものである。 The present applicants have filed a related application for a reinforcing bar detection method that does not destroy the reinforcing bar and a cutting device equipped with the reinforcing bar detection means even for a reinforced concrete structure in which the position of the reinforcing bar is unknown (specialty). Application 2008-080054). In this prior application, as a technique for detecting reinforcing bars in a workpiece, an AC voltage is applied between the cutting means and the workpiece, and a change in impedance measured at that time is detected.
この本出願人らによる鉄筋感知方法は、鉄筋の位置を特段に気にすることなく切削作業が可能であり、また、その原理、装置構成も比較的簡易であることから広く応用が期待できるものである。しかし、その後の検討から、対となる電極間距離の設定や、電極と測定装置間のケーブルの長さ、設置方法等の測定条件によっては、ケーブル自身のインダクタンスの影響等により感度が低下する場合があり、あらゆる切削作業に適応できないことが確認されている。 This rebar detection method by the present applicants is capable of cutting work without special attention to the position of the rebar, and its principle and device configuration are relatively simple, so that it can be widely applied. It is. However, if the sensitivity decreases due to the influence of the inductance of the cable itself, depending on the measurement conditions such as the distance between the paired electrodes, the length of the cable between the electrode and the measuring device, the installation method, etc. It has been confirmed that it cannot be applied to all cutting operations.
そこで、本発明は、以上のような背景のもとになされたものであり、鉄筋を含む被切削物の切削作業の際、鉄筋を損傷することなくこれを検知する方法において、より高感度で鉄筋を感知し得る方法及びそのための装置を提供することを目的とする。 Therefore, the present invention has been made based on the background as described above, and has a higher sensitivity in a method of detecting this without damaging the reinforcing bar in the cutting work of the workpiece including the reinforcing bar. It is an object of the present invention to provide a method capable of sensing a reinforcing bar and an apparatus therefor.
上記課題を解決するために、本出願人らは、切削手段に直流電圧を印加してその際の電圧変化を計測することで鉄筋を感知することとした。 In order to solve the above-mentioned problem, the present applicants have detected a reinforcing bar by applying a DC voltage to the cutting means and measuring a voltage change at that time.
即ち、本発明は、鉄筋を含む被切削物を切削手段により切削する際、前記被切削物中の鉄筋を感知する方法であって、前記鉄筋がグランドに接地した状態で、前記切削手段に、感知抵抗（Ｒ１）を介して直流電圧（Ｅ）を印加し、前記感知抵抗（Ｒ１）における感知電圧（Ｅ１）を計測し、前記感知電圧の変化により切削手段の切削部分と鉄筋との接触を感知する鉄筋感知方法である。 That is, the present invention is a method for sensing a reinforcing bar in the workpiece when cutting a workpiece including a reinforcing bar with a cutting means, and in the state where the reinforcing bar is grounded to the ground, A direct current voltage (E) is applied through the sensing resistor (R1), a sensing voltage (E1) at the sensing resistor (R1) is measured, and contact between the cutting portion of the cutting means and the reinforcing bar is detected by a change in the sensing voltage. This is a method for detecting reinforcing bars.
本発明は、本出願人らによる上記従来技術が測定系に交流電圧を印加したのに対し、直流電圧を利用するものである。測定系を直流回路とすることで外部要因による影響を従来技術以上に排除することができ、より高感度での鉄筋感知が可能となる。 The present invention utilizes a DC voltage, whereas the above-mentioned prior art by the applicants applied an AC voltage to the measurement system. By using a DC circuit as the measurement system, the influence of external factors can be eliminated more than in the prior art, and rebar detection with higher sensitivity becomes possible.
本発明において形成される測定回路は、電源を起点とし切削手段、被切削物、鉄筋を経由するものである。そして、被切削物は抵抗を形成するが、切断手段による切削が進行し、鉄筋に接触する段階でこの抵抗は概ねゼロとなる。このとき、測定回路内の感知抵抗（Ｒ１）における感知電圧（Ｅ１）は急上昇することとなる。本発明は、この感知電圧の上昇をもとに鉄筋を感知するものである。本発明において、切削手段へ印加する直流電圧は、５Ｖ以上とするのが好ましい。鉄筋の接触に伴う感知電圧（Ｅ１）の変化量は、切削手段に印加する直流電圧（Ｅ）に比例するため、５Ｖ未満の低い印加電圧においては、前記感知電圧（Ｅ１）の変化量が相対的に小さくなり、感知情報が外乱ノイズに埋もれやすく正確な鉄筋感知ができないからである。尚、印加電圧の上限については、外乱ノイズへの耐性の点ではできるだけ高い印加電圧であるほうが好ましいが、感知抵抗（Ｒ１）の両端電圧を受ける後段回路の許容入力電圧範囲が多くの場合１５Ｖを上限としていることから、印加電圧の上限値を１５Ｖとするのが好ましい。但し、回路の工夫により、後段回路の許容入力電圧範囲の上限を高くすることが出来れば、印加電圧の上限値についてはこの限りではない。 The measurement circuit formed in the present invention starts from a power source and passes through a cutting means, an object to be cut, and a reinforcing bar. And although a to-be-cut object forms resistance, this resistance becomes substantially zero at the stage which cutting by a cutting | disconnection means advances and contacts a reinforcing bar. At this time, the sense voltage (E1) at the sense resistor (R1) in the measurement circuit increases rapidly. In the present invention, reinforcing bars are detected based on the increase in the sensing voltage. In the present invention, the DC voltage applied to the cutting means is preferably 5 V or more. Since the amount of change in the sensing voltage (E1) due to the contact of the reinforcing bar is proportional to the DC voltage (E) applied to the cutting means, the amount of change in the sensing voltage (E1) is relatively low at an applied voltage lower than 5V. This is because the detection information is likely to be buried in disturbance noise and accurate rebar detection is not possible. The upper limit of the applied voltage is preferably as high as possible from the viewpoint of resistance to disturbance noise. However, in many cases, the allowable input voltage range of the subsequent circuit receiving the voltage across the sensing resistor (R1) is 15V. Since the upper limit is set, the upper limit value of the applied voltage is preferably 15V. However, the upper limit value of the applied voltage is not limited as long as the upper limit of the allowable input voltage range of the subsequent circuit can be increased by devising the circuit.
ところで、本発明における測定系では、鉄筋が測定系のグランドに接地状態にあることが必要であり、そうでなければ測定回路を形成することができない。この点、被切削物である鉄筋コンクリート構造物は、その構築時に当初から鉄筋を接地させているものも多い。このような鉄筋が接地されている場合には、そのまま測定することができる。 By the way, in the measurement system in the present invention, it is necessary that the reinforcing bar is in a grounded state with respect to the ground of the measurement system. Otherwise, a measurement circuit cannot be formed. In this regard, many reinforced concrete structures, which are workpieces, have the rebar grounded from the beginning at the time of construction. When such a reinforcing bar is grounded, it can be measured as it is.
一方、場合によっては鉄筋が埋設されただけで外部への接地がなされていない構造物もある。このような鉄筋が接地状態にない被切削物への対応としては、被切削物上に電極を設置し、この電極をグランドに接地させることが好ましい。ただし、この場合には電極と鉄筋との間の被切削物が抵抗となり、これは測定系の感度に影響を大きく及ぼすこととなる。そこで、電極と鉄筋との間の抵抗を極限まで低下させるため電極と被切削物との間に水を含浸させた保水パッドを設置するのが好ましい。 On the other hand, depending on the case, there is a structure in which a reinforcing bar is buried and grounding to the outside is not performed. In order to deal with a workpiece in which such reinforcing bars are not in a grounded state, it is preferable to place an electrode on the workpiece and ground this electrode to the ground. However, in this case, the work to be cut between the electrode and the reinforcing bar becomes a resistance, which greatly affects the sensitivity of the measurement system. Therefore, it is preferable to install a water retaining pad impregnated with water between the electrode and the workpiece to reduce the resistance between the electrode and the reinforcing bar to the limit.
本発明における測定回路において、感知電圧（Ｅ１）の計測は感知抵抗（Ｒ１）における電圧をそのまま計測しても良いが、この場合、鉄筋のグランド接地の有無、切削手段のサイズ、切削深さ等といった測定条件により、検出される感知電圧の値に幅があり、それが検出装置の限界を超える場合には適切な処理ができないことがある。そこで、測定条件の相違による感知電圧値の幅を補正するため、感知抵抗両端の電圧波形（ｐ１、ｐ２）に基づく第１の電圧信号（ｐ３）を検出した後、第１の電圧信号（ｐ３）を２つの電圧信号（ｐ４、ｐ５）に分岐し、一方の電圧信号を遅延回路に通過させた後、前記一方の電圧信号と他方の電圧信号との差分である第２の電圧信号を検出し、このように補正されたものを感知電圧（Ｅ１）として計測するのが好ましい。 In the measurement circuit according to the present invention, the sense voltage (E1) may be measured by measuring the voltage at the sense resistor (R1) as it is. In this case, the presence / absence of grounding of the reinforcing bar, the size of the cutting means, the cutting depth, etc. Depending on the measurement conditions, there is a range in the value of the sensed voltage to be detected, and if it exceeds the limit of the detection device, appropriate processing may not be possible. Therefore, in order to correct the width of the sensing voltage value due to the difference in measurement conditions, the first voltage signal (p3) is detected after detecting the first voltage signal (p3) based on the voltage waveforms (p1, p2) across the sensing resistor. ) Is branched into two voltage signals (p4, p5), one of the voltage signals is passed through the delay circuit, and then the second voltage signal that is the difference between the one voltage signal and the other voltage signal is detected. However, it is preferable to measure the corrected voltage as the sense voltage (E1).
以上説明した鉄筋感知方法で使用される鉄筋感知装置としては、切削手段に直流電圧を印加するための印加電圧発生源、切削手段に電気的に接続される印加電圧線、前記印加電圧発生源と前記印加電圧線との間に設けられる感知抵抗、前記感知抵抗における感知電圧を測定する感知電圧測定部、を備えるものである。 The reinforcing bar sensing device used in the reinforcing bar sensing method described above includes an applied voltage generation source for applying a DC voltage to the cutting means, an applied voltage line electrically connected to the cutting means, the applied voltage generation source, A sensing resistor provided between the applied voltage line and a sensing voltage measuring unit that measures a sensing voltage at the sensing resistor is provided.
このとき、感知電圧測定部は、上記のような補正処理を行うため、感知抵抗両端の電圧波形（ｐ１、ｐ２）から第１の電圧信号（ｐ３）を計測する第１の検出手段（ＩＣ１）と、前記第１の電圧信号（ｐ３）を２つの電圧信号（ｐ４、ｐ５）に分岐し、一方の電圧信号（ｐ４）が通過する遅延回路を有し、前記一方の電圧信号（ｐ４）と他方の電圧信号（ｐ５）との差分を検出する第２の検出手段（ＩＣ２）を備える補正回路を有することが好ましい。 At this time, in order to perform the correction process as described above, the sense voltage measurement unit measures the first voltage signal (p3) from the voltage waveforms (p1, p2) across the sense resistor, and first detection means (IC1). A delay circuit that branches the first voltage signal (p3) into two voltage signals (p4, p5) through which one voltage signal (p4) passes, and the one voltage signal (p4) It is preferable to have a correction circuit including second detection means (IC2) for detecting a difference from the other voltage signal (p5).
また、この鉄筋感知装置においては、感知電圧測定部に接続され、感知電圧の電圧信号の変化を検出する判定部と、前記判定部と切削手段の電源に接続された切削手段制御部とを備えたものが好ましく、この切削手段制御部は、前記判定部からの信号により切削手段の電源をオン・オフするようになっているのが良い。 The reinforcing bar sensing device includes a determination unit that is connected to the detection voltage measurement unit and detects a change in the voltage signal of the detection voltage, and a cutting unit control unit that is connected to the determination unit and a power source of the cutting unit. It is preferable that the cutting means control section turn on / off the power of the cutting means in accordance with a signal from the determination section.
また、切削手段制御部は、更に、切削手段の駆動電流を検出し、その信号を判定部へ出力する動作信号出力部を備えるものが好ましい。 Moreover, it is preferable that the cutting means control unit further includes an operation signal output unit that detects a driving current of the cutting means and outputs the signal to the determination unit.
以上説明した本発明に係る鉄筋感知方法、鉄筋感知装置によれば、対象となる被切削物の鉄筋の位置が不明な場合であっても、鉄筋を破壊することがなく補修工事や改修工事を施工することができる。 According to the reinforcing bar detection method and the reinforcing bar detection apparatus according to the present invention described above, even when the position of the reinforcing bar of the target workpiece is unknown, the repair work or the repair work can be performed without destroying the reinforcing bar. Can be constructed.
図１は、本発明に係る鉄筋感知方法の一例を示すものである。ここでは、切削手段としてコアドリルを適用する。図１に示すように、本発明では、コアドリルに印加電圧線を接続し、電源から印加電圧Ｅを印加する。コアドリルへの印加電圧線の接続は、ドリルの刃に直接するよりも、その筐体に接続するのが好ましい。図１の測定回路においては、電源とドリルとの間に感知抵抗Ｒ１が設置される。また、コンクリート中の鉄筋は測定系グランドに接地されている。 FIG. 1 shows an example of a reinforcing bar sensing method according to the present invention. Here, a core drill is applied as a cutting means. As shown in FIG. 1, in the present invention, an applied voltage line is connected to a core drill, and an applied voltage E is applied from a power source. The connection of the applied voltage line to the core drill is preferably connected to the casing rather than directly to the drill blade. In the measurement circuit of FIG. 1, a sensing resistor R1 is installed between the power source and the drill. Moreover, the reinforcing bars in the concrete are grounded to the measurement system ground.
図１の測定回路において、コアドリルによる切断作業中、コアドリルと鉄筋との間のコンクリートは抵抗体（Ｒｄ）として作用し、その抵抗値は比較的大きいことから、感知抵抗Ｒ１における電流は小さく、感知電圧Ｅ１も低い値を示す。そして、コアドリルの進行に伴い鉄筋への距離は小さくなることから、抵抗Ｒｄも小さくなる。そして。コアドリルと鉄筋とが接触するとき、抵抗Ｒｄは極小となることから、感知抵抗Ｒ１に流れる電流が急激に大きくなり、感知電圧Ｅ１も急上昇する。従って、この感知電圧Ｅ１の変化を監視し、その急上昇が生じた時点でコアドリルを停止することで、鉄筋の損傷を防止することができる。 In the measurement circuit of FIG. 1, during the cutting operation by the core drill, the concrete between the core drill and the reinforcing bar acts as a resistor (Rd), and since the resistance value is relatively large, the current in the sensing resistor R1 is small and sensing is performed. The voltage E1 also shows a low value. As the core drill progresses, the distance to the reinforcing bar decreases, so the resistance Rd also decreases. And then. When the core drill and the reinforcing bar come into contact with each other, the resistance Rd is minimized, so that the current flowing through the sensing resistance R1 increases rapidly and the sensing voltage E1 also increases rapidly. Therefore, the change in the sense voltage E1 is monitored, and the core drill is stopped when the rapid increase occurs, thereby preventing the reinforcing bar from being damaged.
一方、上記したように、コンクリート中の鉄筋が接地されていない場合、図２のようにコンクリート上に電極を配置することが好ましい。このとき、電極と鉄筋との間のコンクリートは抵抗体（Ｒｅ）を形成するが、その抵抗値を極小化するため電極と被切削物との間に水を含浸させた保水パッドを設置するのが好ましい。この保水パッドは、紙、不織布、スポンジ等の材質からなる保水性に優れた多孔質パッドである。 On the other hand, as described above, when the reinforcing bars in the concrete are not grounded, it is preferable to arrange the electrodes on the concrete as shown in FIG. At this time, the concrete between the electrode and the reinforcing bar forms a resistor (Re), but in order to minimize the resistance value, a water retaining pad impregnated with water is installed between the electrode and the workpiece. Is preferred. This water retention pad is a porous pad excellent in water retention, made of a material such as paper, non-woven fabric, or sponge.
また、この場合の鉄筋感知方法では、少なくとも１つの電極を使用する。図３(Ａ)に示すように、被切削物を切削する部位に対して鉄筋が一方向にのみ配置されている場合は、電極は１つあれば足りる。一方、図３(Ｂ)に示すように、被切削物を切削する部位に対して鉄筋が二方向に配置されて重なり合っている場合は、切削部分がいずれの鉄筋に接触するか不明であることから、鉄筋に対応させるために電極も２つ必要となる。また、被切削物を切削する部位に対して鉄筋が複数配置されて重なり合っている場合は、図３(Ｂ)と同様に切削部分がいずれの鉄筋に接触するか不明である。加えて、切削物中の鉄筋の位置が明確に把握できない場合もある。これらの場合は、鉄筋に対応させるために電極を複数用いてもよいが、図４(Ｃ)、図４(Ｄ)に示すように、円状又は弓形の電極を用いてもよい。 In this case, in the reinforcing bar sensing method, at least one electrode is used. As shown in FIG. 3A, when the reinforcing bars are arranged only in one direction with respect to the part where the workpiece is cut, only one electrode is sufficient. On the other hand, as shown in FIG. 3 (B), when the reinforcing bars are arranged in two directions with respect to the part where the workpiece is cut, it is unclear which reinforcing bar the cutting part contacts. Therefore, two electrodes are required to correspond to the reinforcing bars. In addition, when a plurality of reinforcing bars are arranged and overlapped with respect to a portion to cut the workpiece, it is unclear which reinforcing bar the cutting portion contacts in the same manner as in FIG. In addition, the position of the reinforcing bar in the cut object may not be clearly understood. In these cases, a plurality of electrodes may be used to correspond to the reinforcing bars, but as shown in FIGS. 4C and 4D, circular or arcuate electrodes may be used.
尚、電極の面積については、少なくとも０．００１ｍ２以上であることが好ましい。かかる面積が０．００１ｍ２よりも小さいと、電極と鉄筋間のコンクリート抵抗（Ｒｅ）の値が十分に低下せず、感知電圧の変化が小さくなるだけでなく、外来ノイズの影響も受けやすくなり、鉄筋接触の検知が困難となるからである。また、上記のように電極を用いて鉄筋を接地するとき、電極の設置位置は、切削手段から１０ｃｍ以上１０ｍ以下程度の距離を置くことが好ましい。 Note that the area of the electrode is preferably at least 0.001 m 2 or more. If the area is less than 0.001 m 2, the value of the concrete resistance (Re) between the electrode and the reinforcing bar will not be sufficiently reduced, and the change in the sensing voltage will be small, and it will be susceptible to external noise. This is because it is difficult to detect rebar contact. Moreover, when grounding a reinforcing bar using an electrode as mentioned above, it is preferable to set the electrode installation position at a distance of about 10 cm to 10 m from the cutting means.
感知電圧Ｅ１の監視は、その測定・記録が自動化された鉄筋感知装置を用いるのが好ましい。図５は、この鉄筋感知装置を備えた鉄筋感知システムの概略構成を示すものである。図５の鉄筋感知システムにおける鉄筋感知装置は、切削手段に直流電圧を印加するための印加電圧発生源、切削手段に電気的に接続される印加電圧線、前記印加電圧発生源と前記印加電圧線との間に設けられる感知抵抗、前記感知抵抗における感知電圧を測定する感知電圧測定部を備える。また、鉄筋感知装置により計測される感知電圧Ｅ１等の情報は、鉄筋感知装置の出力端子から出力することができ、これをパーソナルコンピュータ等でモニタリングできるようにすることが好ましい。尚、本実施形態の鉄筋感知装置は、図６の写真のように印加電圧発生源等の各構成が筐体に一体的に組み込まれたものである。この鉄筋感知装置は、コアドリルとその電源との間に割り込んで接続させて使用するようになっている。 For monitoring the sensing voltage E1, it is preferable to use a reinforcing bar sensing device whose measurement and recording are automated. FIG. 5 shows a schematic configuration of a reinforcing bar sensing system provided with the reinforcing bar sensing device. The reinforcing bar sensing device in the reinforcing bar sensing system of FIG. 5 includes an applied voltage generating source for applying a DC voltage to the cutting means, an applied voltage line electrically connected to the cutting means, the applied voltage generating source and the applied voltage line. And a sensing voltage measuring unit for measuring a sensing voltage at the sensing resistor. Moreover, it is preferable that information such as the sensing voltage E1 measured by the reinforcing bar sensing device can be output from the output terminal of the reinforcing bar sensing device and can be monitored by a personal computer or the like. In the reinforcing bar sensing device of the present embodiment, the components such as the applied voltage generation source are integrally incorporated in the housing as shown in the photograph of FIG. This reinforcing bar sensing device is used by being interrupted and connected between the core drill and its power source.
鉄筋感知装置の各構成について、まず、図７は、印加電圧発生源及び感知電圧測定部の回路図を示すものである。印加電圧発生源は、鉄筋感知装置外部の交流電源を直流化リニア電源等により変換された直流電圧が入力され、これを三端子レギュレータ（Ｕ１）により電圧調整をして、印加電圧Ｅを感知電圧測定部へ供給する。 First, FIG. 7 shows a circuit diagram of an applied voltage generation source and a sense voltage measurement unit for each configuration of the reinforcing bar sensing device. The applied voltage generation source receives a DC voltage obtained by converting an AC power supply external to the reinforcing bar sensing device by a DC linear power supply, etc., adjusts the voltage by a three-terminal regulator (U1), and detects the applied voltage E as a sense voltage. Supply to the measuring unit.
感知電圧測定部は、印加電圧線を介してコアドリルに接続されるものであり、感知抵抗Ｒ１を備え、その電圧を感知電圧Ｅ１として出力する。ここで、感知電圧の計測は、感知抵抗Ｒ１の両端電圧（ｐ１、ｐ２）を第１の検出手段である計装アンプ（ＩＣ１）に経由させて電圧ｐ３として出力させる。上記の通り、この電圧ｐ３をそのまま計測機器（後述の判定部）に出力すると、測定条件による出力レンジの相違により計測不可となる場合がある。 The sense voltage measuring unit is connected to the core drill via an applied voltage line, and includes a sense resistor R1 and outputs the voltage as the sense voltage E1. Here, in the measurement of the sense voltage, the voltage (p1, p2) across the sense resistor R1 is output as the voltage p3 via the instrumentation amplifier (IC1) which is the first detection means. As described above, if this voltage p3 is output as it is to a measurement device (determination unit described later), measurement may be impossible due to a difference in output range depending on measurement conditions.
この点をより詳細に説明すると、図８は、図７の検知システムにおいて、コンクリート中の鉄筋自体が接地状態にある場合（図１）、鉄筋に接地がなされておらず、電極及び保水パッドを使用することで鉄筋を接地させた場合（図２）の各条件で、電圧ｐ３をそのまま計測したときの変化を示すものである（試験条件は後述の実施例と同様）。ここで、鉄筋が接地されているとき（図８（ａ））、感知抵抗両端の電圧ｐ３の変化は、切削開始時の６．５Ｖから鉄筋接触時には１２Ｖに急上昇するが、鉄筋が接地されていない場合（図８（ｂ））、電圧ｐ３の変化は３．２Ｖから５．２Ｖとなる。従って、測定条件の相違により電圧ｐ３の範囲が大きく相違し、これを考慮した計測機器を選択する必要があるが、それは困難といえる。 To explain this point in more detail, FIG. 8 shows that in the detection system of FIG. 7, when the reinforcing bar in the concrete is in a grounded state (FIG. 1), the reinforcing bar is not grounded, and the electrode and the water retaining pad are not connected. It shows changes when the voltage p3 is measured as it is under the respective conditions when the reinforcing bars are grounded by use (FIG. 2) (test conditions are the same as those in the examples described later). Here, when the reinforcing bar is grounded (FIG. 8 (a)), the change in the voltage p3 across the sensing resistor increases rapidly from 6.5V at the start of cutting to 12V when the reinforcing bar contacts, but the reinforcing bar is grounded. When there is no voltage (FIG. 8B), the change of the voltage p3 is from 3.2V to 5.2V. Therefore, the range of the voltage p3 is greatly different due to the difference in measurement conditions, and it is necessary to select a measurement device that takes this into account, but this is difficult.
そこで、本発明では、電圧ｐ３について、遅延回路を備える補正回路を通過させることとする。この補正回路においては、分岐された一方の電圧ｐ４を遅延回路に通過させる一方で、他方の電圧ｐ５を第２の検出手段である計装アンプ（ＩＣ２）に入力する。そして、計装アンプＩＣ２が、電圧ｐ４、ｐ５の差分をとり、これを電圧ｐ６として出力する。このようにして補正された電圧ｐ６について、上記と同じ２つの条件下で測定した結果が図９である。この図９からわかるように、本発明のように補正回路を設けることで、測定条件の相違による出力幅を狭くすることができる。これにより、測定条件によらずに計測機器を統一させて鉄筋検知装置を構成することができるようになる。 Therefore, in the present invention, the voltage p3 is passed through a correction circuit including a delay circuit. In this correction circuit, one branched voltage p4 is passed through the delay circuit, while the other voltage p5 is input to the instrumentation amplifier (IC2) as the second detecting means. The instrumentation amplifier IC2 takes the difference between the voltages p4 and p5 and outputs this as the voltage p6. FIG. 9 shows the result of measuring the voltage p6 corrected in this way under the same two conditions as described above. As can be seen from FIG. 9, by providing a correction circuit as in the present invention, the output width due to the difference in measurement conditions can be reduced. As a result, it is possible to configure the reinforcing bar detection apparatus by unifying the measurement equipment regardless of the measurement conditions.
本実施形態における鉄筋感知装置は、感知電圧測定部で測定された電圧信号（ｐ６）の変化を検出する判定部を備える（図５）。ここでの判定部は、予め感知電圧が急上昇した場合の閾値を設定・算出し、これと実測の電圧値とを対比するプログラムが格納されたマイコンである。マイコンは、格納されたプログラムに従い、Ａ／Ｄ端子を通じて入力された感知電圧が閾値を超えたとき、切削手段の電源をオフにするための信号を出力する。 The reinforcing bar sensing device in the present embodiment includes a determination unit that detects a change in the voltage signal (p6) measured by the sense voltage measurement unit (FIG. 5). Here, the determination unit is a microcomputer in which a program for setting and calculating a threshold value in the case where the sense voltage rapidly rises and comparing the measured voltage value with the actually measured voltage value is stored. The microcomputer outputs a signal for turning off the power of the cutting means when the sensed voltage input through the A / D terminal exceeds a threshold according to the stored program.
そして、本実施形態における鉄筋感知装置は、判定部及び切削手段の電源に接続された切削手段制御部を備える。図１０は、この切削手段制御部の回路図である。切削手段制御部は、前記判定部からのオン・オフ信号によりソリッドステートリレー（ＳＳＲ）を介して切削手段の電源オン・オフを制御する。 And the reinforcing bar detection apparatus in this embodiment is provided with the cutting means control part connected to the determination part and the power supply of the cutting means. FIG. 10 is a circuit diagram of the cutting means control unit. The cutting means control unit controls the power on / off of the cutting means via a solid state relay (SSR) according to an on / off signal from the determination unit.
また、切削手段制御部は、切削手段の駆動電流を検出し、その信号を判定部へ出力する動作信号出力部を備える。この動作信号出力部は、コアドリルの駆動電流を検知するカレントトランスＣＴからの信号を検波回路及び非反転増幅回路を経由させて判定部（マイコン）へ出力する。この動作信号出力部を設けることにより、コアドリルの負荷変化を判定部からモニタすることができ、また、そのプログラムによりコアドリルがコンクリートに接触したとき（負荷増大時）に自動的に感知電圧の検出・監視を開始させることができる。 Further, the cutting means control unit includes an operation signal output unit that detects a driving current of the cutting means and outputs the signal to the determination unit. The operation signal output unit outputs a signal from the current transformer CT that detects the drive current of the core drill to the determination unit (microcomputer) via the detection circuit and the non-inverting amplifier circuit. By providing this operation signal output unit, it is possible to monitor the load change of the core drill from the judgment unit, and automatically detect the sensing voltage when the core drill comes into contact with the concrete (when the load increases) by the program. Monitoring can be started.
尚、以上の各構成を有する鉄筋感知装置は、上記実施形態のように切削手段とは別の筐体に収納されたものでも良いが、切削手段の筐体に内蔵されていても良い。 The reinforcing bar sensing device having the above-described configurations may be housed in a housing different from the cutting means as in the above embodiment, but may be incorporated in the housing of the cutting means.
上記実施形態で説明した鉄筋感知装置を適用して試験用の鉄筋コンクリート（幅１１０ｃｍ×奥行３５ｃｍ×高さ２５ｃｍ）の切削を行い、鉄筋感知可否を検討した。ここでの切削試験は、鉄筋コンクリートにアース線を接続し、グランドに接地させた場合と、コンクリート上に保水性パッド（材質：紙タオル）及び電極を設置しこれを測定系のグランドに接地させた場合の２つの条件で行った。使用したコアドリルは湿式ドリル（型式名：ＴＳ−１３２）を用い、切削中は水を供給しつつ使用した。 By applying the reinforcing bar sensing device described in the above embodiment, cutting of reinforced concrete for test (width 110 cm × depth 35 cm × height 25 cm) was conducted to examine whether or not the reinforcing bar could be detected. In this cutting test, a ground wire was connected to reinforced concrete and grounded, and a water retention pad (material: paper towel) and electrodes were placed on the concrete and grounded to the ground of the measurement system. The case was performed under two conditions. The core drill used was a wet drill (model name: TS-132), and was used while supplying water during cutting.
鉄筋感知装置における感知抵抗Ｒ１は２００Ωとし、印加電圧発生源においては、交流電源（ＡＣ１００Ｖ）を直流（ＤＣ）１５Ｖに変換したものを三端子レギュレータにより１２Ｖに調整しドリルへの印加電圧としている。 The sensing resistor R1 in the reinforcing bar sensing device is 200Ω, and in the applied voltage generation source, an AC power supply (AC100V) converted to a direct current (DC) 15V is adjusted to 12V by a three-terminal regulator to be an applied voltage to the drill.
切削時の感知電圧Ｅ１の測定・監視は、鉄筋感知装置の判定部であるマイコンのプログラムに基づく。このプログラムは、順次測定される測定値の履歴から最小二乗法による一次近似式に基づき電圧の推定値を計算し、更に、その標準偏差の５倍（５σ）の値を閾値として計算する。そして、測定値が閾値を超えたか否かを判定し、閾値を所定回数超えたときにドリルが鉄筋に接触したと判断する。この実施例では、測定間隔を０．１秒とし、測定値が閾値を３回連続して超えた場合を鉄筋接触と判定した。尚、この実施例では、鉄筋感知装置にパーソナルコンピュータを接続し測定値等を出力・モニタリングした。 The measurement / monitoring of the sensing voltage E1 at the time of cutting is based on a program of a microcomputer that is a determination unit of the reinforcing bar sensing device. This program calculates an estimated voltage value from a history of measured values measured sequentially based on a first-order approximation formula using the least square method, and further calculates a value five times (5σ) the standard deviation as a threshold value. Then, it is determined whether or not the measured value exceeds a threshold value, and it is determined that the drill has contacted the reinforcing bar when the threshold value is exceeded a predetermined number of times. In this example, the measurement interval was 0.1 seconds, and the case where the measured value exceeded the threshold value three times in succession was determined as the reinforcing bar contact. In this embodiment, a personal computer is connected to the reinforcing bar sensing device, and measured values are output and monitored.
図１１は、鉄筋の接地状態を変更しつつ行った切削試験の際の電圧変化を示すものである。図１１からわかるように、切削作業を開始してから感知電圧の値には大きな変化は認められないが、一定時間経過した際に電圧値が急上昇した。この段階で、切削作業を停止したところ、切削により生じた空洞の底部から鉄筋が目視にて確認された。 FIG. 11 shows a voltage change during a cutting test performed while changing the grounding state of the reinforcing bar. As can be seen from FIG. 11, no significant change was observed in the value of the sensed voltage after the start of the cutting operation, but the voltage value increased rapidly when a certain time had elapsed. At this stage, when the cutting operation was stopped, the reinforcing bars were visually confirmed from the bottom of the cavity generated by the cutting.
この試験から、感知電圧の値の上昇は、コアドリルの切削部分が鉄筋に接触したことに対応したものである。この結果は、鉄筋の接地状態（鉄筋自体が接地しているか、又は、鉄筋コンクリートに電極を設置したか）によらず得られるものである。本発明によれば、感知電圧の値が変化することで、鉄筋コンクリート構造物中の鉄筋を感知することができることを確認された。 From this test, the increase in the value of the sensing voltage corresponds to the cutting portion of the core drill contacting the reinforcing bar. This result is obtained regardless of the grounding state of the reinforcing bars (whether the reinforcing bars themselves are grounded or electrodes are installed on the reinforced concrete). According to the present invention, it has been confirmed that the reinforcing bar in the reinforced concrete structure can be detected by changing the value of the sensing voltage.
本発明によれば、鉄筋を含む被切削物の切削作業において、鉄筋の損傷を回避することができ、従来技術よりも高感度で鉄筋を感知可能である。本発明は、鉄筋コンクリート構造物の補修工事や改修工事、特に最近需要が増加している耐震補強工事において、その作業性を大きく改善することができる。 ADVANTAGE OF THE INVENTION According to this invention, in the cutting operation | work of the to-be-cut object containing a reinforcing bar, damage to a reinforcing bar can be avoided and a reinforcing bar can be sensed with higher sensitivity than a prior art. INDUSTRIAL APPLICABILITY The present invention can greatly improve the workability in repair work and repair work for reinforced concrete structures, particularly in seismic reinforcement work for which demand has recently increased.
Claims (10)
前記鉄筋がグランドに接地した状態で、
前記切削手段に、感知抵抗（Ｒ１）を介して直流電圧（Ｅ）を印加し、
前記感知抵抗（Ｒ１）における感知電圧（Ｅ１）を計測し、
前記感知電圧の変化により切削手段の切削部分と鉄筋との接触を感知する鉄筋感知方法。 A method of sensing a reinforcing bar in the workpiece when cutting the workpiece including the reinforcing bar with a cutting means,
With the rebar grounded to the ground,
A DC voltage (E) is applied to the cutting means via a sensing resistor (R1),
Measure the sensing voltage (E1) at the sensing resistor (R1),
A reinforcing bar sensing method for sensing contact between a cutting portion of a cutting means and a reinforcing bar by a change in the sensing voltage.
切削手段に直流電圧を印加するための印加電圧発生源、
切削手段に電気的に接続される印加電圧線、
前記印加電圧発生源と前記印加電圧線との間に設けられる感知抵抗、
前記感知抵抗における感知電圧を測定する感知電圧測定部、
を備える鉄筋感知装置。 A reinforcing bar sensing device used in the reinforcing bar sensing method according to claim 1,
An applied voltage source for applying a DC voltage to the cutting means;
An applied voltage line electrically connected to the cutting means,
A sensing resistor provided between the applied voltage generation source and the applied voltage line;
A sensing voltage measuring unit for measuring a sensing voltage in the sensing resistor;
Reinforcing bar sensing device.
前記保水パッド上に載置され、測定系のグランドに接地状態にある電極を備える請求項４記載の鉄筋感知装置。 A water retention pad installed on the workpiece,
The reinforcing bar sensing device according to claim 4, further comprising an electrode placed on the water retention pad and in a grounded state on a ground of the measurement system.
前記第１の電圧信号（ｐ３）を２つの電圧信号（ｐ４、ｐ５）に分岐し、一方の電圧信号（ｐ４）が通過する遅延回路を有し、前記一方の電圧信号（ｐ４）と他方の電圧信号（ｐ５）との差分を検出する第２の検出手段（ＩＣ２）を備える補正回路と、
を有する請求項４又は請求項５記載の鉄筋感知装置。 The sensing voltage measurement unit includes first detection means (IC1) that measures a first voltage signal (p3) from voltage waveforms (p1, p2) across the sensing resistor,
The first voltage signal (p3) is branched into two voltage signals (p4, p5), and has a delay circuit through which one voltage signal (p4) passes, the one voltage signal (p4) and the other voltage signal (p4) A correction circuit comprising second detection means (IC2) for detecting a difference from the voltage signal (p5);
The reinforcing bar sensing device according to claim 4 or 5, wherein:
前記判定部と切削手段の電源に接続された切削手段制御部と、
を備え、
前記切削手段制御部は、前記判定部からの信号により切削手段の電源をオン・オフするようになっている請求項４〜請求項６のいずれか記載の鉄筋感知装置。 A determination unit connected to the sensing voltage measuring unit and detecting a change in the voltage signal of the sensing voltage;
A cutting means control section connected to the power source of the determination section and the cutting means;
With
The reinforcing bar sensing device according to any one of claims 4 to 6, wherein the cutting means control section is configured to turn on and off the power of the cutting means based on a signal from the determination section.
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|---|---|---|---|---|
| JP2014174029A (en) * | 2013-03-11 | 2014-09-22 | East Japan Railway Co | Reinforcing steel bar detector |
| CN109387141A (en) * | 2018-11-13 | 2019-02-26 | 中建安装工程有限公司 | A kind of full grout sleeve anchorage length of steel bar detection device |
| CN109579679A (en) * | 2018-11-13 | 2019-04-05 | 中建安装工程有限公司 | A kind of half grout sleeve anchorage length of steel bar detection device |
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Cited By (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| JP2014174029A (en) * | 2013-03-11 | 2014-09-22 | East Japan Railway Co | Reinforcing steel bar detector |
| CN109387141A (en) * | 2018-11-13 | 2019-02-26 | 中建安装工程有限公司 | A kind of full grout sleeve anchorage length of steel bar detection device |
| CN109579679A (en) * | 2018-11-13 | 2019-04-05 | 中建安装工程有限公司 | A kind of half grout sleeve anchorage length of steel bar detection device |
| CN109579679B (en) * | 2018-11-13 | 2024-03-05 | 中建安装工程有限公司 | Half grout sleeve reinforcing bar anchor length detection device |
| CN109387141B (en) * | 2018-11-13 | 2024-03-08 | 中建安装工程有限公司 | Full grouting sleeve steel bar anchoring length detection device |
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|---|---|
| JP5414113B2 (en) | 2014-02-12 |
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