JP2011062572A - Natural implant system - Google Patents

Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a natural implant system which promotes tissue adhesion between a dental prosthesis and a gingival tissue of a patient. <P>SOLUTION: A dental implant has: a body portion 102 disposed on the distal end part and configured so as to be substantially lower than a jaw bone top of a patient; an abutment tooth part 108 disposed on the proximal end part and configured so as to be extended above an gingival surface of a patient to support a dental prosthesis; and a collar portion 106 provided between the body portion and the abutment tooth portion and having an outside surface including a roughly finished part extended above the jaw bone top when the dental implant is set. The roughly finished part includes a top periphery part 152' almost matching the outline of the jaw bone top of the patient and is in a bent shape or wave shape. The dental implant has a smooth surface above the top periphery part. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2011,JPO&INPIT

Description

  The present invention relates generally to dental implants, and more particularly to an improved implant having a zone for attachment to soft tissue.

  Implant dentistry involves the restoration of one or more teeth in a patient's mouth using artificial parts. Such artificial parts typically have a dental implant and a prosthetic tooth and / or a final abutment secured to the dental implant. Generally, the dental restoration process is performed in three stages.

  Stage I involves implanting a dental implant into the patient's alveolar bone (ie, the jawbone). The oral surgeon first cuts through the patient's gingival tissue to reach the alveolar bone and removes the remainder of the tooth to be removed. Next, the specific site of the alveolar bone to which the implant is secured is expanded with a drill and / or reamer so as to accommodate the width of the dental implant to be implanted. The dental implant is then inserted into the hole, typically by screwing. However, other techniques for inserting dental implants into the jawbone are also known.

  When the implant is first implanted in the bone, a temporary healing cap is secured over the exposed proximal end of the implant to plug the internal hole of the implant. The patient's gingiva is then sutured over the implant so that the site of the implant heals and the desired integration of the implant and bone occurs. Complete bone integration typically takes about 4 to 10 months.

  In stage II, the surgeon dissects the patient's gingival tissue and reaches the implant fixture again. The healing cap is then removed to expose the proximal end of the implant. Typically, an impression coping is attached to the implant and a mold or impression in the patient's mouth is taken to accurately record the position and orientation of the implant in the mouth. This mold or impression is used to create a plaster model or the like of the oral and / or implant site and provide the information necessary to make a prosthetic replacement tooth and any necessary intermediate prosthetic teeth. Phase II is typically terminated by attaching a temporary healing abutment or other mucosal penetration to the implant to control the healing and growth of the patient's gingival tissue around the implant site. In the modified procedure, an abutment tooth or other mucosal penetration is formed integrally with the implant or attached to the implant during stage I. In such a procedure, stages I and II are effectively integrated into one stage.

  Stage III involves making a cosmetic prosthetic tooth and attaching it to the implant fixture. The plaster analog provides the dental technician with a model in the patient's mouth, including the orientation of the implant fixture and / or the abutment teeth relative to the surrounding teeth. The engineer makes a final restoration tooth based on this model. The final stage of the restoration process is to replace the temporary abutment with the final abutment and attach the final restoration tooth to the final abutment.

  Dental implants are typically made from pure titanium or a titanium alloy. A dental implant typically has a body and a collar. The trunk is formed so as to extend through the alveolar bone and be integrated with the alveolar bone. The top surface of the collar is typically at the same height as the top of the jawbone. The final abutment is typically mounted on the top surface of the collar and extends through the soft tissue above the alveolar bone. As described above, the abutment tooth supports the final prosthetic tooth. Typically, the crown or crest of the collar and the portion of the final abutment that extends through soft tissue have a machined or polished surface. This configuration is believed in the art to prevent plaque and calculus accumulation and facilitate cleaning.

U.S. Pat. No. 4,826,434 International Publication No. 99/55249

  One aspect of the present invention includes the recognition that the natural defense mechanism of the body tends to produce a soft tissue band of about 2-3 millimeters between the abutment / implant interface (ie, the microgap) and the alveolar crest. It is out. This zone is called "biological width" and exists not only for dental implants but also around natural teeth. The biological width typically extends 360 ° around the implant, lies over the alveolar crest and is at a position that is at the tip of the prosthetic crown edge (about 2.5-3 millimeters). ). The biological width consists of about 1 millimeter gingival sulcus, about 1 millimeter epithelial attachment, and about 1 millimeter connective tissue attachment. In conventional implants, the abutment / implant interface is typically at the same height as the alveolar crest. In such a case, the bone tissue is resorbed and the alveolar crest is retracted to a position where the appropriate biological width is re-established. This bone loss is undesirable in terms of aesthetics and strength.

  Other aspects of the present invention include the recognition that smoother collar and abutment tooth surfaces tend to inhibit the attachment of connective soft tissue. Thus, the bone tissue is resorbed and the soft tissue and alveolar crest move downwardly from the smooth surface of the collar and / or the abutment, typically a distance of about 1-2 millimeters. As mentioned above, such bone loss is undesirable.

  Yet another aspect of the present invention is the recognition that the prior art typically provides a flat surface (ie, a micro-gap) between the abutment tooth and the collar of the implant. However, because the alveolar crest shape is irregular, it is difficult for a flat interface to ensure that the biological width extends at the proper width over the entire 360 ° circumference of the implant. If the biological width does not extend with the proper width over the entire 360 ° circumference of the implant, undesirable bone loss may occur.

  One embodiment of the present invention provides a one-piece dental implant having a roughened surface that extends above the alveolar crest. This roughened surface allows connective tissue to adhere to the implant. In one application of the present invention, the collar and the portion of the implant above the alveolar crest is naturally formed by forming an area of the surface that is roughened to at least about 2 millimeters above the alveolar crest over approximately 360 °. It is made to resemble the teeth of. The implant preferably comprises an area of the surface roughened to at least about 3 millimeters above the alveolar crest over approximately 360 °. More preferably, the implant comprises an area of the surface roughened to at least about 4 millimeters above the alveolar crest over approximately 360 °. In the modified configuration, the dental implant consists of two or more pieces and has a surface area roughened to about 2-4 millimeters or more above the alveolar crest over approximately 360 °.

  Another embodiment of the present invention is a method of placing a dental prosthetic tooth in a patient's oral cavity. A dental implant is provided. The dental implant has a main body provided at the far end, an abutment tooth provided at the near end, and a collar provided between the main body and the abutment tooth. is doing. The collar portion preferably includes an outer surface having a roughened tissue attachment. The dental implant is placed in the patient's jawbone so that the body portion is located substantially below the apex of the patient's jawbone and the tissue attachment portion of the collar portion extends to above the apex of the patient's jawbone. In some configurations, the tissue attachment extends from the top of the patient's gingiva to the top of the patient's jawbone. In some other configurations, the tissue attachment extends from the final repair to the crest of the patient's jawbone.

  The tissue attachment zone preferably covers at least about 50% of the surface between the crest of the patient's jawbone and the proximal end of the tissue attachment zone. More preferably, the tissue attachment zone covers at least 75% of this surface. In other applications, the tissue attachment zone covers at least 90% of this surface. More preferably, the soft tissue attachment zone covers 100% of the surface between the crest of the jawbone and the proximal end of the soft tissue attachment zone.

  In order to outline the advantages of the present invention and the prior art, certain objects and advantages of the present invention have been described above. Of course, it is to be understood that not necessarily all such objects and advantages may be realized by any particular embodiment of the invention. Thus, for example, those skilled in the art will realize or optimize one advantage or group of advantages taught herein without necessarily realizing the other objects or advantages taught or suggested herein. Thus, it will be appreciated that the present invention can be embodied or practiced.

  All these embodiments are within the scope of the invention disclosed herein. These and other embodiments of the present invention will be readily apparent to those skilled in the art from the following detailed description of the preferred embodiments with reference to the accompanying drawings. The invention is not limited to the specific embodiments disclosed.

  These and other features of the present invention will now be described with reference to the drawings of preferred embodiments, which are not intended to illustrate and limit the invention.

  According to the present invention, the problems to be solved by the above-described invention can be solved.

It is a conceptual sectional view seen from the front direction of normal teeth, gums, and alveolar bone. It is a conceptual sectional view of normal teeth, gingiva, and alveolar bone as seen from the midline. 1 is a side view of a prior art dental implant and abutment tooth. FIG. FIG. 3 is a side view of the dental implant and abutment tooth of FIG. 2 installed in a patient's jawbone. FIG. 3 is a side view of the dental implant and abutment of FIG. 2 installed in a patient's jawbone after a period of time. FIG. 6 is a side view of another dental implant of the prior art. 1 is a side view of a dental implant having several features and advantages according to the present invention. FIG. FIG. 5B is a plan view of the dental implant of FIG. 5A. FIG. 5B is a cross-sectional view of the dental implant and abutment tooth of FIG. 5A installed in the patient's jawbone as viewed from the front. FIG. 5B is a cross-sectional view of the dental implant and abutment tooth of FIG. 5A installed in the patient's jawbone as viewed from the midline. 1 is a side view of a modified configuration dental implant having several features and advantages according to the present invention. FIG. FIG. 6 is a side view of another dental implant with a modified configuration having several features and advantages according to the present invention. 7B is a front view of the dental implant of FIG. 7A rotated 90 °. FIG. FIG. 6 is a side view of another dental implant with a modified configuration having several features and advantages according to the present invention. FIG. 6 is a side view of yet another dental implant in a modified configuration having several features and advantages according to the present invention. FIG. 9B is a front view of the dental implant of FIG. 9A rotated 90 °.

  One aspect of the present invention is the recognition that a person's healthy teeth and corresponding gingiva exhibit a consistent anatomy. 1A and 1B show an example of a conceptual diagram of a healthy tooth 10. The soft tissue 12 adjacent to the root 14 and covering the alveolar bone 16 and periodontal ligament 17 comprises a gingival crevice 18 (depth about 1 millimeter), an epithelial attachment 20 (length about 1 millimeter), and a connective tissue attachment 22 (about length). 1 millimeter). This distance of about 3 millimeters of soft tissue is called the “biological width”. Biological width varies from individual to individual, but generally ranges from 2.5 to 3 millimeters.

  FIG. 2 shows a dental implant 30 and an abutment tooth 32. These are typical dental implants and abutments in the prior art. Typically, the dental implant 30 is made of a medical grade titanium alloy, although other suitable materials are also used. As is common in the art, the outer surface of the implant 30 includes a body portion 34 and a collar 36. The body portion 34 of the implant 30 is tapered and includes a threaded portion 38 that matches a pre-made threaded portion along the inner surface of the corresponding hole in the patient's jawbone (not shown). Is preferred. In other configurations of the prior art, the body 34 may be self-threading, may not have a thread, or may be cylindrical.

  The body portion 34 of the implant 30 is usually rough-finished to increase the surface area of the body portion 34 and promote bone integrity with the alveolar bone. The body 34 can be roughed in several different ways. The body portion is roughened, for example, by acid etching or sand spraying or by coating the body portion 34 with a material such as calcium phosphate ceramic (eg, tricalcium phosphate (TCP) or hydroxyapatite (HA)). be able to.

  In contrast, the collar 36, particularly the crown 40 (i.e., about 1-2 millimeters from the top surface 42 of the implant) typically has a smooth surface that is machined and / or polished. The machined and / or polished surface is considered in the art to prevent plaque buildup on the implant and make maintenance easier, so this machined and / or polished surface Is commonly found in dental implants.

  A typical abutment 32 of the prior art is provided on the top surface 42 of the implant 30. The joint between the top surface 42 and the abutment tooth 32 forms a microgap 37. The outer surface of the abutment tooth 32 typically includes a curved transition gingival region 44. The transition gingival region 44 is a portion of the region of the abutment tooth 32 that is below the gingival tissue surface and above the top surface 42 of the implant 30. The transitional gingival region 44 of the abutment 32, like the crown 40 of the implant 30, typically has a smooth surface that is machined and / or polished. The upper region 46 of the abutment tooth 32 is configured to receive a dental restoration (not shown).

  Attempts have been made to define and measure the surface roughness of prior art abutments and implants (eg, Wennerberg, Ann et al., Design and Surface Characteristics of 13 Commercially Available Oral Implant Systems, JOMI, Vol. 8, No. 6, pages 622-633, (1993)). In Wehnaberg's paper, (i) two surface roughnesses, Rt (see page 623), which is the maximum height between the top and bottom of the surface profile, and (ii) Ra, which is the average value between the top and bottom height Parameters are defined. Using the Wehnberg definition, smooth, machined and / or polished surfaces of prior art abutments and implants have an Rt of about 10 microns or less and an Ra of about 0.6 microns or less.

  FIG. 3A is a conceptual diagram of the implant 30 and the abutment 32 of FIG. 2 installed in the patient's oral cavity. Initially, the top surface 42 of the implant 30 is located at the same height as, or just below or above, the jaw crest 50. The soft tissue 12 extends above the jawbone 16 alongside the abutment tooth 32 and the final prosthetic tooth 52 attached to the abutment tooth 32. As described above, the soft tissue 12 is composed of the gingival crevice 18, the epithelial attachment 20, and the connective tissue attachment 22.

  Applicants have determined that connective tissue attachment 22 does not adhere to the machined and / or polished smooth surfaces of collar 36 and abutment 32. Gingival connective tissue 22 must adhere to a biocompatible surface so as to prevent proliferation of the tip of epithelial attachment. As shown in FIG. 3B, over time, the human body exposes a rough, biocompatible surface underneath the implant 30 so that the connective tissue 22 can attach to the implant so that the tissue attachment surface React to not. This creates a gingival crevice that is about 4-5 millimeters deep (typically 1 millimeter versus this), and the length of epithelial attachment is 3-4 millimeters (relatively typically 1 millimeter). It often happens. Thus, when the gingival sulcus is deep and the epithelial attachment dimension is long, aesthetic and / or maintenance problems often occur with prior art dental implants and abutments. Furthermore, the loss of alveolar bone can lead to instability of the gingival tissue.

  Applicants have also identified that the protective mechanism of the human body tends to form a soft tissue with a biological width of 2-3 millimeters between the microgap 37 and the crest 50 of the jawbone 16. Thus, the human body tends to resorb bone tissue as shown in FIG. 3B until an appropriate distance for connective tissue and epithelial attachment is made between the bone 16 and the microgap 37.

  FIG. 4 shows another type of implant in the prior art. In this implant 70, the top surface 72 of the implant is configured to be well above the bone crest of the alveolar bone. For this purpose, the implant 70 includes a curved transition gingival region 74 formed integrally with the collar 76 and an implant body 78. The curved transition gingival region 74 typically has a smooth surface that has been machined and / or polished. This machined and / or polished smooth surface extends through the collar 76 to about 1 millimeter below the alveolar crest. The joint (ie, top surface 72) between the abutment tooth (not shown) and the implant 70 is located above the alveolar crest, but the smooth surface of the transitional gingival region 74 and collar 76 is the alveoli. The above-described increase in biological width and loss of alveolar bone are still observed as it extends approximately 1 millimeter below the bone crest.

  5A and 5B illustrate a dental implant 100 configuration having several features and advantages according to the present invention. The implant 100 is preferably made of a dental grade titanium alloy. However, other suitable materials may be used.

  As best seen in FIG. 5A, implant 100 preferably includes an implant body 101 that preferably includes a lower portion 102, a collar 106, and an abutment tooth portion 108. The body portion 102 of the implant 100 is preferably tapered and includes a screw portion 118 that matches a pre-made screw portion along the inner surface of the hole in the patient's jawbone (not shown). However, it should be understood that the body 102 can be configured as a self-threading system. In addition, although the illustrated main body 102 has a tapered shape, that is, a conical shape, it should be understood that the main body may have a substantially cylindrical shape. The body portion 102 may also not have a thread if the surgeon prefers to use an implant that does not have a thread.

  The main body 102 preferably has a roughened surface that increases the surface area of the main body 102. As known in the art, increased surface area promotes bone integrity. The body can be roughed in a number of different ways, such as, for example, acid etching, sand spraying, and / or machining. Alternatively, the main body 102 may be coated with a substance that increases the surface area of the main body 102. Calcium phosphate ceramics such as tricalcium phosphate (TCP) and hydroxyapatite (HA) are particularly suitable materials.

  As best seen in FIG. 5A, the collar 106 is preferably provided above the body 102 (ie, at the near end) and is integrally coupled to the body 102. The illustrated collar 106 is generally cylindrical, a portion of which is defined by a side wall 126 that preferably extends in a generally vertical direction. A collar / main body joint 109 is a boundary between the main body 102 and the collar 106. The collar 106 preferably has a height greater than 2 millimeters. More preferably, the height of the collar 106 is about 4 millimeters. In a modified embodiment, the side wall 126 of the collar 106 may be conically widened or narrowed, linearly or curvedly. The sidewall 126 may be curved to match or sufficiently approximate the natural tooth profile. Similarly, the collar 106 may have a cross section other than round.

  The abutment tooth 108 is preferably integrally coupled to the collar 106. The illustrated implant 100 is such that when the implant 100 is inserted into a patient's jawbone, the implant / abutment joint 130 (ie, the boundary between the collar 106 and the abutment 108) is about 2-4 of the crest of the jawbone. It is comprised so that it may become millimeter upper. The collar / body joint 109 is preferably about 1 millimeter below the crest of the jawbone.

  In the illustrated configuration, the surgeon may change the position of the implant / abutment joint 130 relative to the alveolar crest. For example, the implant / abutment joint 130 may be above the alveolar crest without exposing the threaded portion 118 of the body region 102. Alternatively, as described above, the surgeon may place the implant / abutment joint 130 2 millimeters above the alveolar crest for aesthetic reasons. In yet another configuration, the surgeon may implant the collar 106 in the jawbone so that the collar / body joint 109 is about 1 millimeter or more below the alveolar crest.

  It should be noted that some advantages of the present invention can be realized using a collar having a smaller dimension than the illustrated configuration, or using a collar having a larger dimension. However, the illustrated configuration is preferable because the above-described flexibility is best realized.

  The abutment tooth 108 preferably includes a tapered body 132. The tapered body 132 is preferably configured to extend over the patient's gingival tissue. It is desirable that a hexagonal boss 134 is provided on the top of the tapered main body 132. Hex boss 134 can be used with a tool (not shown) such as a wrench to screw implant 100 into the patient's jawbone. Although the illustrated configuration includes a hexagonal boss 134, the implant 100 includes a variety of other suitable symmetric or asymmetric bosses or indentations that are intended for torque transmission purposes. May be included. In the modified configuration, the abutment teeth 108 are formed without protrusions or depressions, and instead, the sides of the abutment teeth are provided with a plurality of flat surfaces or grooves for transmitting torque from the tool to the implant 100. Also good. Further, in other modified configurations, the dentist may use pliers or similar tools to form the abutment teeth 108 without protrusions or depressions and instead grasp and twist the abutment teeth directly. .

  The illustrated abutment tooth 108 also preferably includes a central hole 136 that is preferably threaded. The hole is configured to receive a bolt (not shown) that can be used to secure various dental parts, such as healing caps and / or final restorations, to the abutment 108. Of course, those skilled in the art will appreciate that the abutment tooth 108 can be configured without the central hole 136. In this configuration, the dental part can be attached to the abutment tooth 108 using, for example, dental cement or other suitable adhesive.

  Implant 100 preferably includes a soft tissue attachment zone, generally designated by reference numeral 150. The soft tissue attachment zone 150 is preferably roughened to promote attachment of connective soft tissue. The soft tissue attachment zone 150 has a roughness that is at least about twice that of a machined and / or polished smooth surface in the transitional gingival region of a prior art abutment tooth. More preferably, the soft tissue attachment zone 150 has a roughness that is at least about 5 times that of a smooth surface that has been machined and / or polished. In some embodiments, the soft tissue attachment zone 150 has a roughness that is at least about 10 times greater than these machined and / or polished smooth surfaces. The soft tissue attachment zone 150 of the implant 100 can be, for example, mechanical etching (eg, mechanical finishing, grinding, sandblasting), chemical etching (eg, acid etching), electrical discharge machine, laser etching, and / or surface roughening treatment. The surface can be formed by various methods such as adhesion of the surface (calcium phosphate ceramics such as tricalcium phosphate (TCP) and hydroxyapatite (HA)).

  When placing the implant 100 in the patient's oral cavity, the soft tissue attachment zone 150 preferably extends from the alveolar crest to at least about 2 millimeters above the alveolar crest. The soft tissue attachment zone 150 preferably extends at least about 3 millimeters above the alveolar crest. In other embodiments, the soft tissue attachment zone 150 extends at least about 4 millimeters above the alveolar crest. More preferably, the soft tissue attachment zone 150 extends from the alveolar crest to the end of the transgingival region. Most preferably, the soft tissue attachment zone 150 extends from the alveolar crest to the final restoration. Below the alveolar crest, the soft tissue attachment zone 150 preferably extends to the body portion 102.

  In the illustrated configuration, the implant 100 is configured such that the collar / body joint 109 is preferably about 1 millimeter below the alveolar crest. Thus, the soft tissue attachment zone 150 preferably extends at least about 2 millimeters above the collar / body junction 109. More preferably, the soft tissue attachment zone 150 extends at least about 3 millimeters above the collar / body junction 109. Most preferably, the soft tissue attachment zone 150 is at least about 4 millimeters above the collar / body junction 109. In a modified configuration, the position of the implant / abutment joint 130 and collar / body joint 109 relative to the alveolar crest may be modified. In such a configuration, the configuration and dimensions of the soft tissue attachment zone 150 may be adjusted accordingly. As described above, when the implant 100 is placed in the patient's oral cavity, the soft tissue attachment zone 150 has a surface below the alveolar crest, preferably configured to promote bone integration as described above. It is preferable to extend to the main body 102.

  The soft tissue attachment zone 150 preferably extends at least 300 ° along the circumference of the implant 100. More preferably, the soft tissue attachment zone 150 extends over at least 330 ° along the circumference of the implant. In other embodiments, the soft tissue attachment zone 150 extends over 360 ° along the circumference of the implant 100 as shown in FIG. 5A.

  The soft tissue attachment zone 150 preferably covers at least 50% of the surface between the alveolar crest and the proximal end of the soft tissue attachment zone 150. The soft tissue attachment zone 150 preferably covers at least 75% of this surface. In other applications, the soft tissue attachment zone 150 covers at least 90% of this surface. Most preferably, the soft tissue attachment zone 150 covers 100% of the surface between the alveolar crest and the proximal end of the soft tissue attachment zone 150, as shown in FIG. 5A.

  As shown in FIGS. 5C and 5D, the soft tissue attachment zone 150 of the implant 100 described above allows the connective tissue 22 to adhere to the collar 106 of the implant 100. Thus, as the patient's oral cavity heals, the soft tissue structure overlying the alveolar bone 16 becomes similar to that of natural teeth. That is, soft tissue is composed of gingival crevice 18 (about 1 millimeter deep), epithelial attachment 20 (about 1 millimeter long), and connective tissue attachment 22 (about 1 millimeter long). This reduces bone loss and improves the aesthetics of the restoration.

  Note that the physician typically modifies the abutment 108 of the implant 100 with a bar as shown in FIGS. 5C and 5D. Thus, the size of the abutment tooth can be reduced to form a smooth transition to the center of the implant. Of course, in other configurations, the abutment portion 108 can be configured so that the physician does not need to modify it.

  In the configuration described above in connection with FIG. 5A, the top edge 152 of the soft tissue attachment zone 150 is generally flat or planar. FIG. 6 shows a modified configuration where the top edge 152 ′ of the soft tissue attachment zone 150 ′ is a curved or corrugated shape having about two peaks 153 and two valleys 155. In this configuration, the apical edge 152 'preferably follows or at least sufficiently approximates the overall shape of the naturally occurring contours of the patient's gingiva and alveolar crest.

  In other modified configurations, the soft tissue attachment zone 150 is configured so that it can be reshaped by the surgeon or dentist to biologically and aesthetically fit the patient's specific gingival and alveolar crest contours. Has been. As shown in FIG. 7A, the implant 100 is preferably placed in the patient's jawbone 16. Initially, the apex edge 152a of the soft tissue attachment zone does not conform to the curved or corrugated shape of the patient's gingiva and alveolar crest. The surgeon or dentist uses, for example, a suitable tool (not shown), such as an abrasive tool or an ultrasonic cleaning instrument, to smooth the upper portion 160 of the soft tissue attachment zone 150 ″ and the top of the soft tissue attachment zone 150 ″. The shape of the edge 152a can be corrected. In this manner, the soft tissue attachment zone 150 can be formed such that its apical edge 152b extends substantially uniformly at least 2-4 millimeters above the corrugated alveolar crest. The upper portion 160, after being smoothed, preferably has a surface roughness comparable to that of natural teeth adjacent to the gingival sulcus.

  In the configuration described above, the abutment tooth 108 is formed integrally with the implant 100, but the abutment tooth is a separate member that can be attached to the implant before, during, or after surgery (ie, 2 It will be appreciated that several features and advantages of the present invention may be realized in a configuration formed as a piece system. In such a configuration, the abutment can be attached to the implant in a variety of ways, for example, by a central hole formed in the abutment and a bolt extending through the implant and / or by application of an adhesive. .

  FIG. 8 illustrates one configuration of such a dental implant 200 having several features and advantages according to the present invention. In this configuration, the implant 200 is a two-piece implant that includes an implant body 202 and an abutment tooth 204. The implant body 202 preferably includes a lower portion 208 configured as described above. The implant body 202 preferably also includes a threaded hole 209. A post receiving chamber 210 is provided on the threaded hole 209. The post receiving chamber 210 may be configured to include anti-rotation features such as, for example, flat surfaces, grooves, and / or indentations.

  The collar 206 is provided above the implant body 202 and is preferably configured as described above. The collar 206 supports an abutment tooth 204 provided on the top of the implant body 202. In the illustrated configuration, the abutment teeth 204 are configured to fit at least partially within the collar 206. Specifically, in the illustrated configuration, the abutment tooth includes a post 222 configured to fit within the post receiving chamber 210. As described above, the post receiving chamber 210 may include an anti-rotation function. If the post receiving chamber 210 includes such an anti-rotation feature, the post 222 may include a corresponding configuration to prevent the abutment teeth 204 from rotating relative to the implant body 202. preferable.

  The abutment tooth 204 preferably includes a central hole 230 having a shoulder 232. Central hole 230 and shoulder 232 are configured to receive bolts (not shown). On the other hand, the bolt is configured such that one end thereof extends through the abutment teeth 204 into the threaded hole 209 of the implant body 208. In this way, the abutment teeth 204 can be fixed to the implant body 208 using bolts.

  Similar to the configuration described above, the implant 200 preferably includes a soft tissue attachment zone 250. When the implant 200 is placed in the patient's oral cavity, the top edge 252 of the soft tissue attachment zone 250 preferably extends at least about 2 millimeters above the alveolar crest. More preferably, the soft tissue attachment zone extends at least about 3 millimeters above the alveolar crest. Most preferably, the soft tissue attachment zone extends at least about 4 millimeters above the alveolar crest. Further, the soft tissue attachment zone 250 preferably extends completely from the top surface 252 to the implant body 208. In the modified implant 200 configuration, the top edge of the soft tissue attachment zone may be curved or corrugated as described above.

  Figures 9A and 9B show another modified configuration of a two-piece dental implant system. In this configuration, the dental implant body 202 and the abutment teeth 204 are configured substantially as described above. However, in this configuration, the soft tissue attachment zone 250 is configured such that it can be reshaped by the surgeon or dentist to biologically and aesthetically fit the patient's specific gingival and alveolar crest contours. Yes. As shown in FIG. 9A, the implant 200 is preferably placed in the patient's jawbone 16. Initially, the apex edge 252a of the soft tissue attachment zone does not conform to the curved or corrugated shape of the patient's gingiva and alveolar crest. The surgeon or dentist uses an appropriate tool (not shown), such as an ultrasonic cleaning instrument, to smooth the top 260 of the soft tissue attachment zone 250 and modify the shape of the top edge 252a of the soft tissue attachment zone 250. be able to. In this manner, the soft tissue attachment zone 250 can be formed such that the apical edge 252b extends substantially uniformly at least 2-4 millimeters above the corrugated alveolar crest. The upper portion 260, after being smoothed, preferably has a surface roughness comparable to that of natural teeth adjacent to the gingival sulcus.

  In the modified configuration, the surgeon or dentist can reshape the top edge 252 by, for example, cutting the top of the abutment 108 and the collar 106 with a bar. In this way, the surgeon or dentist can form a continuous and smooth transition from the implant to the dental restoration.

  A method for attaching a dental implant having several features and advantages according to the present invention will now be described. The method preferably includes placing an analog of the abutment 108 of the implant 100 on a mold at a desired location in the patient's oral cavity. The analogue is temporarily attached to the mold, for example by wax or adhesive. A surgical stent is formed around the analog, for example, by self-curing acrylic or other similar material. This aligns the stent with the model and adjacent teeth in the patient's mouth. The stent is placed in the patient's mouth for surgery and used as a surgical guide.

  Through the stent, pilot holes are made in the tissue and bone, and then the stent is removed. A tissue punch guide is placed in the pilot hole and the tissue punch is drilled using the tissue punch. This hole preferably has a diameter and shape that closely corresponds to the diameter and shape of the collar portion 106 of the dental implant 100. The tissue plug (ie, the tissue corresponding to the hole) is then removed. The surgeon can add a surgical gingival flap (ie, a cut) that preferably divides the hole through the tissue into two, depending on the surgeon's assessment of the size and shape of the underlying jawbone.

  The implant is then placed through the hole. When a cut is made, the tissue is sutured. This method can tightly seal the gingival tissue around the implant 100. In contrast, when only the cut is provided, the gingival tissue may not fit into the implant when the gingival tissue is re-stitched around the implant, and the epithelium grows downward along the gap around the implant. there's a possibility that.

  Although the invention has been disclosed in the context of several preferred embodiments and examples, the invention is not limited to the specifically disclosed embodiments, and other embodiments and / or the invention and its obvious Those skilled in the art will appreciate that modifications and use of their equivalents are covered. Also, while several variations of the invention have been shown and described in detail, other modifications within the scope of the invention will be readily apparent to those skilled in the art based on this disclosure. I want you to understand. Various combinations and partial combinations of the unique features and aspects of each embodiment are possible and still fall within the scope of the present invention. Accordingly, it should be understood that various features and aspects of the disclosed embodiments can be combined with or substituted for each other to form various forms of the disclosed invention. Thus, the scope of the invention disclosed herein should not be limited to the specifically disclosed embodiments described above, but should be determined only by fair reading of the claims. Is intended.

30,100 Dental implant 32,108 Abutment tooth 34,102 Body 36,106 Color

Claims (32)

A dental implant for supporting a dental prosthetic tooth,
A body portion provided at the distal end of the dental implant and configured to be at least substantially below the crest of the patient's jawbone;
An abutment tooth portion provided at a proximal end of the dental implant, extending above a patient's gingival surface and configured to support the dental prosthetic tooth;
A collar portion provided between the body portion and the abutment tooth portion, the outer surface including a rough finish portion extending to above the crest of the jawbone when the dental implant is installed; Having a color part;
Have
The rough finish has a crest that generally conforms to a contour of the crest of the patient's jawbone, the crest being curved or corrugated;
A dental implant having a smooth surface above the top edge.   The dental implant according to claim 1, wherein the rough finish extends at least about 2 millimeters above the crest of the jawbone.   The dental implant according to claim 1, wherein the rough finish extends at least about 3 millimeters above the crest of the jawbone.   The dental implant of claim 1, wherein the rough finish extends at least about 4 millimeters above the crest of the jawbone.   The dental implant according to claim 1, wherein the collar portion is formed integrally with the main body portion.   The dental implant according to claim 1, wherein the collar portion has a length greater than about 2 millimeters.   The dental implant according to claim 1, wherein the collar portion has a length greater than about 4 millimeters.   The dental implant according to claim 1, wherein the collar portion extends in a substantially vertical direction.   The dental implant according to claim 1, wherein the collar portion extends conically.   The dental implant according to claim 1, wherein the rough finish has a roughness that is at least twice that of a smooth machined surface.   The dental implant according to claim 1, wherein the rough finish has a roughness that is at least five times that of a smooth machined surface.   The dental implant of claim 1, wherein the rough finish has a roughness that is at least 10 times that of a smooth machined surface. The rough finish has a top edge;
The roughened surface extends from the top edge to the implant body;
The dental implant according to claim 1.   The dental implant according to claim 1, wherein the rough finish has a top edge and covers at least 50% of the outer surface between the top edge and the crest of the jawbone.   The dental implant according to claim 1, wherein the rough finish has a top edge and covers at least 75% of the outer surface between the top edge and the crest of the jawbone.   The dental implant of claim 1, wherein the rough finish has a top edge and covers at least 90% of the outer surface between the top edge and the crest of the jawbone.   The dental implant of claim 1, wherein the rough finish has a top edge and covers 100% of the outer surface between the top edge and the crest of the jawbone.   The rough finish extends at least about 2 millimeters above the crest of the jawbone, has a crest edge, and covers at least 50% of the outer surface between the crest edge and the crest of the jawbone. The dental implant according to claim 1.   The rough finish extends at least about 2 millimeters above the crest of the jawbone, has a crest edge, and covers at least 75% of the outer surface between the crest edge and the crest of the jawbone. The dental implant according to claim 1.   The rough finish extends at least about 2 millimeters above the crest of the jawbone, has a crest edge, and covers at least 90% of the outer surface between the crest edge and the crest of the jawbone. The dental implant according to claim 1.   The rough finish extends at least about 2 millimeters above the crest of the jawbone, has a crest edge, and covers 100% of the outer surface between the crest edge and the crest of the jawbone. The dental implant according to claim 1.   The dental implant according to claim 1, wherein the abutment tooth portion is formed integrally with the collar portion.   The dental implant of claim 1, wherein the top edge has two peaks and two valleys. A method of manufacturing a dental implant that promotes tissue adhesion between a dental prosthetic tooth and a patient's gingival tissue,
Providing a dental implant having a body portion, a collar portion, and an abutment tooth portion;
Roughening at least a portion of the transition region of the dental implant from the jawbone to gingival tissue;
The rough finish has a top edge generally matching the contour of the apex of the patient's jawbone, the top edge is curved or corrugated, and the dental implant is the top edge A method for manufacturing a dental implant having a smooth surface above the surface.   25. The method of manufacturing a dental implant according to claim 24, wherein the step of roughing at least a portion of the transition region includes roughing at least 50% of the transition region.   25. The method of manufacturing a dental implant according to claim 24, wherein the step of roughing at least a portion of the transition region includes roughing at least 75% of the transition region.   25. The method of manufacturing a dental implant according to claim 24, wherein the step of roughing at least a portion of the transition region includes roughing at least 90% of the transition region.   25. The method of manufacturing a dental implant according to claim 24, wherein the step of roughing at least a portion of the transition region includes roughing 100% of the transition region.   The step of roughing at least a portion of the transition region includes roughing the transition region to have a roughness that is at least twice that of a smooth machined surface. 25. A method for producing a dental implant according to 24.   The step of roughing at least a portion of the transition region includes roughing the transition region to have a roughness that is at least five times that of a smooth machined surface. 25. A method for producing a dental implant according to 24.   The step of roughing at least a portion of the transition region includes roughing the transition region to have a roughness that is at least 10 times that of a smooth machined surface. 25. A method for producing a dental implant according to 24.   The method for manufacturing a dental implant according to claim 24, wherein the abutment tooth portion is formed integrally with the collar portion.

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