JP2011042001A - Machining device and machining method of metallic material - Google Patents

Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a machining device and a machining method of a metallic material which properly supply a working liquid to a periphery of a working part, including a cutting edge of a working tool, and obtain proper lubricating ability and cooling effect, and imposes less adverse effects on the working environment. <P>SOLUTION: The machining device for a metallic material includes the working tool 12 for working a work W, an injection nozzle 14 for injecting the working liquid C to the periphery of the a working part, and a working liquid supply device 30 for supplying the working liquid C to the injection nozzle 14. The working liquid C is injected together with compressed air from the injection nozzle 14. The working liquid C is semi-wet working liquid, in which the liquid droplets an average particle diameter of which is 50 to 300 μm are injected in the form of shower. The working liquid C is, preferably, supplied in a cooled state. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2011,JPO&INPIT

Description

  The present invention has a processing tool for cutting or grinding a metal material, an injection nozzle for injecting a processing liquid for lubrication or cooling, and a processing liquid supply device for supplying the processing liquid to the injection nozzle. In particular, the present invention relates to a metal material processing apparatus and a processing method for injecting a processing liquid onto a metal material or a processing tool, and more particularly to a metal material processing apparatus and a processing method for injecting a processing liquid together with compressed air.

  Conventionally, in cutting and grinding of metal materials, an oily or water-soluble machining fluid (cutting fluid, grinding fluid) is applied to the workpiece (workpiece) during machining in order to improve machining efficiency, quality, tool life, etc. Is supplied to metal materials and processing tools. Specifically, frictional heat generated between the workpiece and the machining tool causes work burning or thermal deformation of the workpiece, a decrease in the hardness of the machined surface due to the annealing effect, a chipping or shortening of the machining tool, and cutting around the machining area. Various problems occur, such as scrap welding. Therefore, in order to obtain a cooling effect while improving lubricity when machining a workpiece, a machining fluid (coolant) is supplied to the periphery of the machining portion. Further, the supply of the coolant also has an effect such as chip removal. Conventional machining processes such as cutting and grinding are generally wet machining in which a large amount of coolant is supplied in a liquid state by a circulation pump.

  On the other hand, dry processing (dry processing) that does not use any coolant is also employed because of problems such as environmental pollution due to processing fluid and disposal costs. In dry processing, the periphery of the processed part is often cooled by air blow or the like instead of using coolant. However, dry processing has poor lubricity, and air blow causes problems such as insufficient cooling of workpieces and processing tools. Therefore, in recent years, a semi-dry process in which a coolant is sprayed together with compressed air and sprayed into a mist (mist) with a fine particle diameter has attracted attention. For example, in Patent Document 1 below, in a broaching machine that cuts the inner surface of the hole of the workpiece by moving the broach relative to the workpiece in the longitudinal direction with the broach (working tool) inserted into the hole of the workpiece, It is possible to easily switch between wet processing, dry processing, and semi-dry processing.

  Further, Patent Document 2 and Patent Document 3 described below have been proposed as techniques to which semi-dry processing is applied in cutting processing in a machining center (composite machine tool). In these machining centers, an air line (air pipe) and a coolant line (coolant pipe) are respectively connected to an injection nozzle, and the coolant is sprayed from the injection nozzle together with compressed air as a mist having a fine particle diameter. Specifically, in Patent Document 2, the average particle diameter of the coolant is about 1 μm, and in Patent Document 3, the average particle diameter of the coolant is about 3 to 10 μm.

JP 2002-103133 A JP 2002-66871 A JP 2000-84790 A

  High wet lubrication and cooling effects can be expected in wet machining where the machining fluid is supplied directly to the periphery of the machining area, but in reality, it is not uniformly supplied to the periphery of the machining area due to the flow of machining liquid, and there are parts with much and little machining liquid May occur. For this reason, there is a problem that it is difficult for the machining fluid to reach the cutting edge of the machining tool. In dry processing, the lubricity and cooling are not sufficient, and high-temperature chips are easily scattered around. In this case, there is a safety problem such as a fire hazard if there is a flammable material in the vicinity.

  On the other hand, in the semi-dry process, the lubricity of the processed part is ensured to some extent by the coolant mist. However, since the particle size of the coolant mist is as fine as several μm, the mass is small and there is a problem in the cooling effect. In addition, the coolant mist having a fine particle size is easily scattered to the surroundings during the processing, and the scattered coolant mist causes deterioration of the working environment such as bad odor and dirt in the factory. Further, the scattered coolant mist adheres to the wall surface of the processing apparatus, causing problems such as stickiness and chips sticking.

  Therefore, the present invention solves the above-mentioned problems, the purpose of which is to provide a good lubricity and cooling effect by accurately supplying the machining fluid to the periphery of the machining part including the cutting edge of the machining tool, It is an object of the present invention to provide a processing apparatus and a processing method for metal materials that have little adverse effects on the environment.

  In order to solve the above problems, the present invention employs the following means. Specifically, a processing tool that cuts or grinds a metal material, a processing liquid is injected around the processing portion, that is, the metal material and / or the processing tool, and the processing liquid is supplied to the injection nozzle. A processing apparatus for a metal material, wherein the processing liquid is injected together with compressed air from the injection nozzle, and the processing liquid is in a state where an average particle diameter of droplets is 50 to 300 μm It is characterized by being injected at That is, the point that the present invention is the “semi-wet processing” in which the processing liquid is not in the form of mist (mist) but is ejected in a shower shape having a larger droplet diameter than that is noted as the greatest feature.

  At this time, it is preferable that the machining liquid is sprayed in a state cooled by the cooling means after the cooling liquid is provided in the machining liquid supply device. Furthermore, a sub-tank is provided in the processing liquid supply device, and when the metal material is not processed, the processing liquid cooled by the cooling means is stored in the sub tank, and when the metal material is processed, the processing liquid is supplied from the sub tank. It is preferable to do so. In this case, the machining liquid supply device is provided with a pump for pumping the machining liquid from the sub tank. Then, it is preferable that the pumping pump is an air-driven pump, and the processing liquid stored in the sub-tank is supplied by the air-driven pump.

  In addition, a metal material processing method in which, when cutting or grinding a metal material, the processing liquid is sprayed to the metal material and / or the processing tool together with compressed air from the processing liquid supply device via an injection nozzle, the processing liquid Is also proposed in which the average particle size of the droplets is ejected in a state of 50 to 300 μm.

  According to the processing apparatus and the processing method of the present invention, since the processing liquid is semi-wet processing that is sprayed in a so-called shower shape with an average particle diameter of 50 to 300 μm, the processing liquid splash method wet processing, dry processing that does not use the processing liquid, In addition, it has an effect superior to any of the semi-dry processing methods in which the processing liquid is sprayed in a mist form. Specifically, unevenness in the supply of the machining fluid is unlikely to occur as in wet machining, and the machining fluid can be accurately supplied to the periphery of the machining portion including the cutting edge of the machining tool. There is also an advantage that the amount of processing liquid used can be reduced compared to wet processing. Moreover, there is no problem of lack of lubricity and cooling unlike dry processing. Further, unlike the semi-dry processing, the machining liquid is less likely to scatter to the surroundings, and adverse effects on the work environment can be reduced. In addition, since the droplets are larger than the semi-dry process, the cooling effect can be ensured accurately.

  If the machining liquid is sprayed in a state cooled by the cooling means, the cooling effect is improved. In particular, when the environmental temperature is relatively high, such as in summer, the cooling fluid is inferior because the machining fluid is also warmed by the environmental temperature. Can be avoided.

  When the metal material is not machined, the cooled machining fluid is stored in the sub-tank, and if the machining fluid is supplied from the sub-tank when the metal material is machined, the liquid temperature of the machining fluid can be adjusted and the coolant can be cooled reliably. Since the processed fluid is supplied, the cooling effect can be reliably enhanced.

  When an electric pump is used as the pumping pump, the machining fluid may be heated by the driving heat of the electric pump. On the other hand, if an air-driven pump is used as the pumping pump, the driving heat of the pump is low and the machining fluid is avoided from being heated, so that the machining fluid can be efficiently cooled.

It is a longitudinal cross-sectional view which shows the principal part structure of a processing apparatus. It is a principal part expansion longitudinal cross-sectional view of a processing apparatus. It is a top view of a nozzle holder. It is a schematic diagram of the processing liquid supply apparatus at the time of non-processing. It is a schematic diagram of the processing liquid supply apparatus at the time of a process.

  Hereinafter, representative examples of a processing apparatus and a processing method for a metal material according to the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings as appropriate. However, the present invention is not limited thereto and is within the scope not departing from the gist of the present invention. Various changes are possible. The present invention includes a processing tool for cutting or grinding a metal material, an injection nozzle for injecting a processing liquid to the periphery of the processing portion, and a processing liquid supply device for supplying the processing liquid to the injection nozzle. It is not particularly limited as long as it is configured to be jetted together with compressed air from a nozzle, and can be applied to various processing apparatuses. However, a hole of a metal material (hereinafter referred to as a workpiece) as a workpiece is described below. An example applied to a vertical broaching machine that inserts a broach and cuts the inner surface of the hole of the workpiece will be described.

  As shown in FIG. 1 and FIG. 2, the broaching machine 1 that is a processing apparatus includes a main body 11, a broach 12 that is a processing tool, a reference fitting 13 that is a jig, and a processing fluid (hereinafter referred to as coolant). An injection nozzle 14 that injects, a nozzle holder 15 that fixes the injection nozzle 14, a coolant supply device 30 that supplies coolant, and the like are provided. The broach 12 is a rod-shaped cutting tool, and a blade portion 12a for cutting the workpiece W is formed on the outer peripheral surface thereof. The broach 12 is inserted into the main body 11 while standing up and down, and its lower end is fixed by a pull head 18. The main body 11 can be moved up and down, and the workpiece W installed thereon can be moved relative to the broach 12 in the vertical direction.

  The reference metal fitting 13 is installed on the main body 11, and the broach 12 is inserted through the center in the radial direction. In addition, a workpiece installation recess 13a is formed in the upper surface of the central portion in the radial direction of the reference fitting 13, and the workpiece W is installed in the workpiece installation recess 13a. A work hole Wa is drilled in advance in the thickness direction in the workpiece W, and the inner peripheral surface of the work hole Wa is cut by the broach 12 moving up and down relative to the work hole Wa. .

  As shown in FIGS. 1 to 3, the nozzle holder 15 has an annular shape, and the broach 12 is inserted in the center in the radial direction thereof. The nozzle holder 15 is provided above the reference fitting 13 with the workpiece W interposed therebetween, and is fixed to the bracket 16. The base end of the bracket 16 is connected to a cylinder (not shown) and can be moved up and down by the cylinder. Thereby, the nozzle holder 15 and the injection nozzle 14 fixed to the nozzle holder 15 can be moved up and down via the bracket 16 as shown by an imaginary line (two-dot chain line) in FIG.

  The injection nozzles 14 are fixed to the nozzle holder 15 and are provided at a plurality of positions at equal intervals in the circumferential direction of the nozzle holder 15 so as to surround the broach 12. In the present embodiment, the injection nozzles 14 are provided at four locations. Each injection nozzle 14 is inclined downward at a predetermined angle so as to inject the coolant C toward the processed portion of the workpiece W. Further, as shown in FIG. 3, each injection nozzle 14 is arranged with a predetermined angle θ shifted in the plane direction with respect to the axial center of the broach 12. Accordingly, it is possible to avoid a collision with the broach 12 of the coolant C sprayed from each spray nozzle 14, and by spraying along the outer peripheral surface of the broach 12, the periphery of the processing portion including the blade portion 12 a. The coolant C can be accurately supplied.

  Each injection nozzle 14 includes an air port 14a into which compressed air is introduced, a coolant port 14c into which the coolant C is introduced, a flow path 14b through which the compressed air and the coolant C flow, and the coolant C from the flow path 14b. And an injection port 14d that is injected together with the compressed air. The coolant port 14c communicates at an intermediate portion of the flow path 14b so as to be orthogonal to the flow direction of the compressed air, and the coolant C is caused by the negative pressure due to the venturi effect when the compressed air flows in the flow path 14b. Venturi nozzle is sucked. Each injection nozzle 14 is provided with a needle 17 made of a ball screw so as to penetrate inside and outside. The tip of the needle 17 faces the communicating portion between the coolant port 14c and the flow path 14b. Then, by adjusting the protrusion amount of the needle 17 (the opening amount of the coolant port 14c), the introduction amount of the coolant C, and hence the droplet particle size when being injected together with the compressed air from the injection port 14d can be adjusted. It has become. An air line 20 (air piping) extending from the coolant supply device 30 is connected to the air port 14a, and a coolant line 21 (coolant piping) also extending from the coolant supply device 30 is connected to the coolant port 14c. ing.

  A coolant channel 11a is formed inside the main body 11, and a second coolant line 22 extending from the coolant supply device 30 is connected to the proximal end of the coolant channel 11a. An annular channel 11b formed in an annular shape so as to surround the broach 12 is connected to the tip of the coolant channel 11a. A plurality of injection ports 11c are drilled over the entire side wall of the annular channel 11b. Each injection port 11c is also inclined at a predetermined angle downward.

  As shown in FIGS. 4 and 5, an air introduction port 31 and a coolant introduction port 32 are connected to the coolant supply device 30. 4 shows a state when the broaching machine 1 is not used, that is, when it is not processed, and FIG. 5 shows a state when the workpiece W is processed. Compressed air is pumped from the air introduction port 31 by a pump (not shown). From the coolant introduction port 32, coolant is introduced from a coolant tank (not shown).

  The coolant that is the working fluid for lubrication and cooling may be oil-based cutting oil or water-soluble cutting oil, but water-soluble cutting oil is preferable. This is because oil-based cutting oil has high lubricity, but because of its high viscosity, there is a problem that the amount of adhesion to the workpiece is large, the consumption and cost are increased, and the environmental resistance is also deteriorated. A water-soluble cutting oil reduces these problems. Moreover, although lubricity is inferior, water can also be used as a coolant which is a working fluid.

  In addition, the coolant supply device 30 includes a sub tank 35 that stores the introduced coolant C, a pumping pump 36 that pumps up the coolant C stored in the sub tank 35, and a cooling device 37 that cools the coolant C. A coolant introduction line 23 is arranged between the coolant introduction port 32 and the sub tank 35. The sub tank 35 and the cooling device 37 are communicated with each other by a pumping line 24, and a pumping pump 36 is provided on the pumping line 24. The pumping line 24 can be alternatively communicated with the coolant line 21 and the reverse line 25. The coolant line 21 is branched in four directions along the way, and each tip is connected to each injection nozzle 14. The tip of the reverse line 25 communicates with the sub tank 35.

  On the coolant introduction line 23, a valve 40, a solenoid valve 41, and a filter 42 are provided in this order from the coolant introduction port 32 side. The valve 40 is a valve that manually switches between open and closed states. The solenoid valve 41 is controlled to be opened and closed by a control device (not shown). A second coolant line 22 is connected between the valve 40 and the electromagnetic valve 41. An electromagnetic valve 43 that is controlled to be opened and closed by a control device is also provided on the second coolant line 22.

  The sub tank 35 is provided with a liquid level switch 44 serving as a coolant level detection means for the coolant C stored in the sub tank 35 and a temperature sensor 45 serving as a coolant C temperature detection means. The liquid level switch 44 and the temperature sensor 45 are connected to a control device (not shown). Reference numeral 46 denotes a filter. The pumping pump 36 is an air-driven pump, and the pumping pump 26 branched from the upstream side of the air introduction port 31 is connected to the pumping pump 36. An electromagnetic valve 47 that is controlled to open and close by the control device is also provided on the pump drive line 26. Although it will not specifically limit if the cooling device 37 can cool the coolant C, For example, the thing using a Peltier device etc. can be illustrated.

  The air line 20 is connected to the air introduction port 31. The air line 20 branches in four directions along the way, and each tip is connected to each injection nozzle 14. On the air line 20, a valve 54 and an electromagnetic valve 55 are provided in this order from the air introduction port 31 side. The valve 54 is a valve that manually switches the open / close state, and the electromagnetic valve 55 is controlled to open / close by a control device (not shown).

  A solenoid valve 48 is also provided at the connecting portion between the pumping line 24, the coolant line 21, and the reverse line 25, and a switching line 27 reaching the solenoid valve 48 is connected to the air line 20. The communication state of the solenoid valve 48 is switched by the air pressure supplied through the switching line 27. By switching the electromagnetic valve 48 by the air pressure, the communication state between the pumping line 24 and the coolant line 21 or the reverse line 25 is selectively switched. A temperature sensor 50, a flow rate sensor 51, and a flow rate adjustment valve 52 are provided on the coolant line 21. The temperature sensor 50 and the flow sensor 51 are connected to a control device (not shown). The flow rate adjusting valve 52 is a so-called throttle.

  Next, a processing procedure (method) and an operation of the workpiece W will be described. First, as shown by an imaginary line in FIG. 1, a workpiece W, which is a workpiece, is placed on the reference metal fitting 13 with the nozzle holder 15 and the injection nozzle 14 retracted upward. When the workpiece W is installed, as shown by the solid line in FIG. 1, the spray nozzle 14 is lowered to the periphery of the processing portion so that the nozzle holder 15 is in contact with or close to the workpiece W, and is set in the processing state. When the broaching machine 1 is stopped (when the workpiece W is not applied), each injection nozzle 14 faces the blade portion 12a of the broach 12 as shown in FIG. Then, the broaching machine 1 is turned on and the work hole Wa of the work W is cut by the broach 12 while supplying the coolant C together with the compressed air from the coolant supply device 30 to the periphery of the processing part. Therefore, the coolant supply device 30 will be described in detail.

  When the broaching machine 1 is stopped (when the workpiece W is not processed), the valve 40 on the coolant introduction line 23 and the valve 54 on the air line 20 are closed. As shown in FIG. 4, the solenoid valve 41 on the coolant introduction line 23, the solenoid valve 43 on the second coolant line 22, the solenoid valve 47 on the pump drive line 26, and the solenoid valve 55 on the air line 20 are also provided. , Each is closed. Thereby, even if the valve 40 on the coolant introduction line 23 and the valve 54 on the air line 20 are opened due to forgetting to close, coolant or compressed air is inadvertently introduced into the coolant supply device 30. There is no. The valve 40 on the coolant introduction line 23 and the valve 54 on the air line 20 are elements as main plugs. In addition, when the broaching machine 1 is stopped (when the workpiece W is not processed), the pumping line 24 and the reverse line 25 are communicated with each other via the electromagnetic valve 48, and the pumping line 24 and the coolant line 21 are connected to the electromagnetic valve 48. Is in a non-communication state.

  From the state shown in FIG. 4, the valve 40 and the valve 54 are manually opened, and the broaching machine 1 is turned on. Then, as shown in FIG. 5, the electromagnetic valve 43 on the second coolant line 22 is opened, and the coolant introduced from the coolant introduction port 32 is introduced into the coolant channel 11 a of the main body 11 through the second coolant line 22. Is done. Further, the electromagnetic valve 55 on the air line 20 is also opened at the same time. Thereby, the compressed air introduced from the air introduction port 31 is introduced to each injection nozzle 14 through the air line 20 and is also supplied to the electromagnetic valve 48 through the switching line 27. Then, the solenoid valve 48 is activated by the pressure of the compressed air supplied through the switching line 27, and the pumping line 24 and the coolant line 21 are in communication with each other. On the other hand, the pumping line 24 and the reverse line 25 are not in communication. The electromagnetic valve 47 on the pump drive line 26 is also opened at the same time, and compressed air is supplied to the pumping pump 36 through the pump drive line 26. Then, the pumping pump 36 is driven by the compressed air supplied through the pump driving line 26, and the coolant C stored in advance in the sub tank 35 is pumped up through the pumping line 24. Since the coolant C stored in the sub tank 35 is cooled to a predetermined temperature in advance (details will be described later), the cooling device 37 is not operated immediately after the broaching machine 1 is turned on. Immediately after the power of the broaching machine 1 is turned on, the electromagnetic valve 41 on the coolant introduction line 23 remains closed.

  The coolant C pumped up by the pumping pump 36 reaches the coolant line 21 from the pumping line 24 and is introduced into each injection nozzle 14 while the flow rate is adjusted via the flow rate adjusting valve 52. At this time, since the pumping pump 36 and the solenoid valve 48 are both air-driven, the coolant C can be prevented from being heated by electric heat. Further, the temperature of the coolant C flowing through the coolant line 21 is detected by the temperature sensor 50 provided on the coolant line 21. When the temperature sensor 50 detects that the temperature of the coolant C is equal to or higher than a predetermined temperature, the cooling device 37 is controlled to operate. Therefore, even if the temperature of the coolant C in the sub-tank 35 is not sufficiently cooled, the coolant C is supplied to each injection nozzle 14 while being cooled by the cooling device 37, so that a reduction in the cooling effect can be avoided. Further, the flow rate of the coolant C flowing through the coolant line 21 is also detected by the flow rate sensor 51 provided on the coolant line 21. The flow rate of the coolant C flowing in the coolant line 21 is less than or equal to a predetermined value due to excessive cooling of the coolant C to decrease fluidity or the amount of coolant C in the sub tank 35 is extremely decreased. Is detected, the solenoid valve 47 on the pump drive line 26 is closed, and the pumping pump 36 is controlled to stop. As described above, the temperature sensor 50 and the flow rate sensor 51 are provided for checking the supply state of the coolant C.

As shown in FIG. 2, the compressed air supplied to each injection nozzle 14 is injected from the injection port 14d through the air port 14a through the flow path 14b. In this embodiment, the compressed air is set to be injected at about 0.2 to 0.5 MPa ( ^{2 to 5} kg / cm ² ). At the same time, the compressed air flows through the flow path 14b, so that a negative pressure is generated in the coolant port 14c, and the coolant C is sucked from the coolant port 14c. Then, the sucked coolant C is mixed with the compressed air in the flow path 14b, and is injected together with the compressed air from the injection port 14d.

  At this time, by adjusting the protrusion amount of the needle 17 (the opening amount of the coolant port 14c) while taking into consideration the air pressure of the compressed air, the average particle diameter of the coolant C is jetted at about 50 to 300 μm. Set it. Thereby, it becomes the semi-wet process in which the coolant C is injected in the shower shape. If the average particle diameter of the coolant C to be injected is less than 50 μm, the state is close to semi-dry processing, and there is a high possibility that problems such as reduction of the cooling effect of the workpiece W and the deterioration of the work environment will occur. On the other hand, when the average particle diameter of the injected coolant C exceeds 300 μm, it becomes a state close to wet processing, and cannot be uniformly supplied to the periphery of the processing portion, or the usage amount increases. The average droplet diameter of the coolant C is preferably about 50 to 250 μm, more preferably about 80 to 200 μm.

  The coolant C sprayed from each spray nozzle 14 in the form of a shower is supplied toward the periphery of the workpiece W, that is, the upper surface of the work W and the broach 12. At this time, each injection nozzle 14 is inclined downward, is inclined by a predetermined angle θ in the plane direction with respect to the axial center of the broach 12, and the coolant C is injected in a shower shape. The coolant C supplied to the outer periphery of 12 is unlikely to flow, and is supplied uniformly to the periphery of the processing portion. Therefore, even when the blade portion 12a of the broach 12 faces the processing hole Wa of the workpiece W during the processing of the workpiece W, the coolant C is accurately supplied to the blade portion 12a of the broach 12.

  On the other hand, the coolant C flowing in the second coolant line 22 reaches from the coolant channel 11a drilled in the main body 11 to the annular channel 11b, and is supplied from each injection port 11c to the broach 12 in a liquid state. Is done. Thereby, the chip | piece which cut the workpiece | work W with the broach 12 is washed away.

  When the amount of coolant stored in the sub-tank 35 decreases due to the consumption of the coolant C and the liquid level of the coolant C becomes lower than the liquid level switch 44, the electromagnetic valve 41 on the coolant introduction line 23 is opened and passed through the filter 42. Control is performed so that new coolant C is replenished into the sub tank 35. When the coolant level in the sub tank 35 becomes higher than the level switch 44, the solenoid valve 41 is closed. During the processing of the workpiece W, the electromagnetic valve 41 is repeatedly opened and closed.

  When the cutting of the workpiece W is completed and the broaching machine 1 is stopped, the electromagnetic valve 55 on the air line 20 and the electromagnetic valve 43 on the second coolant line 22 are closed. Thereby, the air supply to the solenoid valve 48 for switching the communication state of the pumping line 24 is also stopped. Then, the solenoid valve 48 is switched to the initial state, the pumping line 24 and the reverse line 25 communicate with each other, and the pumping line 24 and the coolant line 21 are disconnected. On the other hand, the electromagnetic valve 47 on the pump drive line 26 is kept open for a predetermined time after the broaching machine 1 is stopped. Further, the electromagnetic valve 41 on the coolant introduction line 23 is also maintained in a valve open state for a predetermined time after the broaching machine 1 is stopped, if necessary. That is, when the coolant C is consumed during the processing of the workpiece W and the liquid level of the coolant C in the sub tank 35 is lower than the liquid level switch 44, the coolant C liquid level in the sub tank 35 even after the broaching machine 1 is stopped. Until the liquid level switch 44 becomes higher than the liquid level switch 44, the solenoid valve 41 on the coolant introduction line 23 is opened, and new coolant C is replenished into the sub tank 35. If the coolant C liquid level in the sub tank 35 becomes higher than the liquid level switch 44, the solenoid valve 41 on the coolant introduction line 23 is closed.

  In this way, the coolant that is replenished sequentially during the processing of the workpiece W and, if necessary, even after the broaching machine 1 is stopped, is supplied from the coolant tank outside the broaching machine 1. Therefore, the temperature of the coolant C stored in the sub tank 35 is increased by the replenishing coolant. Therefore, even when the broaching machine 1 is stopped and the pumping line 24 and the reverse line 25 communicate with each other, the pumping pump 36 continues to be driven because the electromagnetic valve 47 on the pump driving line 26 is open. . On the other hand, if the cooling device 37 continues to operate for a predetermined time after the broaching machine 1 is stopped or does not operate during the processing of the workpiece W, the cooling device 37 is operated as the broaching machine 1 is stopped.

  Then, the coolant C in the sub-tank 35 pumped up by the pumping pump 36 is reversely returned to the sub-tank 35 through the reverse line 25 while being cooled from the pumping line 24 via the cooling device 37. In this way, the coolant C circulates through the cooling device 37, so that the temperature of the entire coolant C stored in the sub tank 35 decreases, and the coolant C that has been cooled in advance is always stored in the sub tank 35. Will be. When the temperature sensor 45 detects that the temperature of the coolant C in the sub tank 35 has become equal to or lower than a predetermined temperature, the solenoid valve 47 and the cooling device 37 on the pump drive line 26 are controlled to stop. The circulating cooling is controlled to start again when the broaching machine 1 is not used for a long period of time and the temperature of the coolant C in the sub-tank 35 becomes a predetermined temperature or more during that period.

  The set temperature of the temperature sensor 45 provided in the sub tank 35, that is, the cooling temperature of the coolant C stored in the sub tank 35 is not particularly limited as long as it is lower than room temperature. In order to increase the cooling efficiency of the workpiece W and the broach 12, it is preferable to keep the temperature as low as possible. However, when it cools too much, there exists a possibility that the fluidity | liquidity of the coolant C may deteriorate or it may solidify. Therefore, the lower limit of the set temperature of the temperature sensor 45 provided in the sub tank 35, that is, the cooling temperature of the coolant C stored in the sub tank 35 is set to a temperature at which the fluidity of the coolant C does not decrease. For example, it may be set as appropriate in the range of about 3 to 20 ° C. according to the indoor environment such as season and air conditioning.

(Modification)
As mentioned above, although the typical Example of this invention was described, various other deformation | transformation are possible. For example, in the above embodiment, four injection nozzles are provided around the broach (processing tool). However, the present invention is not limited to this, and only one location may be used, or about 2 to 6 locations. Preferably, it is 3-5 places. Also in this case, it is preferable that the spray nozzles are installed at equal intervals around the processing tool. In the above embodiment, the present invention is applied to a broaching machine for cutting a workpiece, but it can also be applied to a machining center or a grinding apparatus.

  The processing liquid supply device does not necessarily need to be provided with a sub-tank and a pumping pump, and the processing liquid supplied from the processing liquid tank outside the processing apparatus may be directly injected while being cooled through the cooling means. Further, the valves 40 and 54 that are manually switched are not necessarily provided.

  Although the cooling efficiency of the machining fluid is lowered, the pumping pump may be an electric pump, or an air-switching electromagnetic valve that switches the communication state between the pumping line, the coolant line, and the reverse line may be an electric valve. Further, the air-switching solenoid valve can be opened and closed by electronic control in the same manner as other solenoid valves.

  The temperature sensor 45 provided in the sub tank 35 may be a thermometer. In this case, the temperature of the coolant C stored in the sub-tank 35 is visually confirmed, and when the temperature of the coolant C becomes equal to or lower than a predetermined temperature, the circulation cooling may be manually stopped.

  When the temperature sensor 50 provided on the coolant line 21 detects that the temperature of the coolant C is higher than a predetermined temperature, the cooling device 37 is operated as in the above embodiment, and the solenoid valve on the pump drive line 26 is operated. It is also possible to control so that the pumping pump 36 is stopped by closing the valve 47.

1 Broaching machine (processing equipment)
11 Body 12 Brooch (processing tool)
13 Reference fitting 14 Injection nozzle 15 Nozzle holder 17 Needle 20 Air line 21 Coolant line 23 Coolant introduction line 24 Pumping line 25 Reverse line 26 Pump drive line 27 Switching line 30 Coolant supply device 35 Sub tank 36 Pumping pump 37 Cooling devices 41, 43, 47/55 Solenoid valve 44 Liquid level switch 45/50 Temperature sensor 48 Air switching solenoid valve 51 Flow rate sensor 52 Flow rate adjustment valve C Coolant W Workpiece

Claims (8)

A processing tool for cutting or grinding a metal material, an injection nozzle for injecting a processing liquid to the metal material and / or the processing tool, and a processing liquid supply device for supplying the processing liquid to the injection nozzle, A processing apparatus for a metal material in which a processing liquid is jetted together with compressed air from the jet nozzle,
An apparatus for processing a metal material, wherein the processing liquid is ejected in a state where an average particle diameter of droplets is 50 to 300 μm. The working fluid supply device includes a cooling means,
The metal material processing apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the processing liquid is sprayed in a state of being cooled by the cooling unit. The machining fluid supply device includes a sub tank,
The processing liquid cooled by the cooling unit is stored in the sub tank when the metal material is not processed, and the processing liquid is supplied from the sub tank when the metal material is processed. Metal material processing equipment. The machining fluid supply device includes a pump for pumping machining fluid from the sub tank,
The metal material processing apparatus according to claim 3, wherein the pumping pump is an air-driven pump. A metal material processing method for injecting a processing liquid from a processing liquid supply device together with compressed air onto a metal material and / or a processing tool during cutting or grinding of the metal material,
A processing method of a metal material, wherein the processing liquid is sprayed in a state where an average particle diameter of droplets is 50 to 300 μm. A cooling means is provided in the machining fluid supply device,
The metal material processing method according to claim 5, wherein the processing liquid is sprayed in a state cooled by the cooling means. A sub-tank is provided in the processing liquid supply device,
The metal according to claim 6, wherein when the metal material is not processed, the processing liquid cooled by the cooling means is stored in the sub tank, and when the metal material is processed, the processing liquid is supplied from the sub tank. Material processing method. 8. The method for processing a metal material according to claim 7, wherein the processing liquid stored in the sub tank is supplied by an air-driven pumping pump provided in the processing liquid supply device.

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