JP2011018867A - In-loading voltage adjusting machine by variable-winding-number transformer - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a voltage adjusting machine using a variable-winding-number transformer, which is made to have a lifetime of 30 years, of about 6,600V and 1,000 KVA by making a conventional variable-winding-number transformer 1/2 in weight, less than 1/400 in spark, and about 50 times in maximum manufacturable winding capacity.SOLUTION: A voltage is adjusted by rotating simultaneously in same direction two rotating spools fitted to legs of a core type transformer to mutually moving windings of the spools. Each winding is formed by putting belt-like conductors one on another to minimize bending and stretching of curing, and a large current is allowed to flow, and annular coils or current collecting rings are fitted to a frame so as to collect a current from a rotary portion to a fixed portion, and brushes are brought into contact with them.

Description

  The present invention relates to an on-load voltage regulator using a variable winding transformer intended for use in a distribution line for commercial power.

Conventionally, a load voltage regulator used for a commercial distribution line switches a transformer tap using a semiconductor or mechanical switch.
There is no practical example of a load voltage regulator for distribution lines that changes the number of turns at the time of load.
The literature includes the following.
Published, Sho 54-48033 (Japanese Patent Application No. 53-104480) Published, Sho 60-00717 (Japanese Patent Application No. 58-109639) Special table 2001-518700

Publication, Sho 54-48033 will be described.
In the present invention, the brushes 6a and 6b move on the slip rings 5a and 5b shown in FIGS. 1, 2, and 5 to take out the coil current to the outside. When the brush moves, the current of the reactor 19 in FIG. 5 is cut off and a spark is generated, so that the slip ring and the brush are worn, and when used in the insulating oil, the insulating oil is deteriorated.

In particular, the speed at which the brush moves through the separation point is not as high as 5 mS as in a tap changer of a transformer, but it takes about 0.5 to 5 seconds, so the duration of the spark becomes longer and wear and deterioration increase. .
If this problem is calculated using an actual load voltage regulator for the distribution line as an example, assuming that 6600V, 1000KVA, current 87A, and voltage 6V per turn, 87A, 6V power is prevented by the reactor to prevent short circuit current Then, while limiting the sparks, it opens and closes slowly with a frequency about 50 to 100 times that of the transformer tap changer.

Assuming that the voltage per turn of the variable winding transformer is 6V, and assuming that the tap voltage of the conventional transformer tap changer is 125V, the switching frequency is 125/6 times, and the switching voltage that causes the spark is reversed. Therefore, the magnitude of the spark due to the magnitude of the voltage is the same as the frequency.
However, since the method of switching taps actually suppresses sparks by attaching a resistor in the middle to prevent a short circuit, a difference of 10 times or more is generated compared to a method of directly cutting off the reactor current.
The tap switching method has an opening / closing time of about 5 mS, whereas in the case of a variable winding type transformer, the difference is 100 times because the time is about 0.5 seconds.

In this case, the degree of wear of the opening / closing part and deterioration of the insulating oil due to sparks exceeds the allowable limit for the load voltage regulator of the distribution line.
In the case of FIG. 1, since the diameter of the winding changes depending on the number of turns, it cannot be rotated by the gear 15a15b as shown in FIG.
When a thin strip-shaped insulated conductor is wound 40 to 100 times as shown in FIG. 1, the electric conductor moves downward due to its weight, and the lower part is deformed or worn.
In order to prevent this, it is necessary to place the entire apparatus horizontally, but if it is placed horizontally, the insulating oil and air cannot be circulated naturally, and the temperature rises.
In the case of FIG. 3, the coil can be wound, but since the coil is wound only on one side, the iron core is doubled compared to the present invention.

This drawback is common to all of the conventional inventions. The weight of the iron core is doubled compared to the present invention, the capacity of the tank is almost doubled, and the voltage per variable number of turns is the same. Doubled.
In FIG. 3, the end of the right coil is connected to the slip ring, but the end of the left coil is on the bottom, so it is not connected anywhere.
This is a simple mistake because the mistake can be solved if the slip ring on the left side of FIG.
Further, since the problem of curling is not solved, the capacity of about 3A is the limit in the case of FIG.

Next, Japanese Laid-Open Publication No. 60-00717 will be described.
As shown in FIG. 3 of Sho 60-00717, the current of the positive winding 4a and the negative winding 4b is taken out to the outside by the annular positive electrode 6c and the negative electrodes 7c and the contacts 10 and 11, but the annular Since an electrode becomes a short-circuited coil and burns out if an insulating part is not provided somewhere, the operation principle of this invention is not established.
If an insulating part is provided, the spark is large, and the same result as in the previous case cannot be obtained.

Even if the resistance of the annular electrode is increased to make the short-circuit current the same value as the load current, this heat generation is large, and in the case of a large capacity device, for example, 6600 V, 1000 KVA, V connection, adjustment voltage 400 V, variable number of turns 20 times In the case of the second device, when calculated with a load current of 87 A and a voltage of 10 V per turn, heat of 870 W is generated at the annular positive electrode and 870 W at the negative electrode, so that a total of 3480 W is generated in the V connection.
When the distribution line is short-circuited, the short-circuit current is 40 times larger, so the amount of heat generation is 1600 times larger and there is a risk of burning even for a short time.

Further, the secondary winding 4 wound on the positive bobbin 6 in FIG. 3 is rewinded from the positive bobbin 6 to the negative bobbin 7 by the rotation of the gears. The radius becomes smaller, and the 1A winding becomes the limit for the round wire.
Further, since the winding of the secondary winding is reversed, it is difficult to move a wire having a thickness capable of passing a large current of, for example, 87 A, even if a soft stranded wire is used. If this is the case, when the bent wire is wound in the opposite direction, the force concentrates on some of the thin strands.

Furthermore, there is a risk of wire breakage due to wear due to friction, and a wire that can be freely deformed and moved in the vertical and horizontal directions is deformed by winding and cannot be wound.
If the wire is a round wire as shown in the published figure of Sho 60-00717, the diameter of the wire is reduced and the allowable current is a small current of 3 A or less. In that case, the conventional slidac is more practical.

Since the positive winding changes only from 0V to the maximum and the negative winding also changes only from 0V to the maximum, the negative voltage is 0V when the positive maximum voltage is generated, and half of the iron core is not used. The efficiency is 1/2 or less of the invention of other companies and 1/4 or less of our invention.
Therefore, the iron core weight is more than four times that of the method of our invention.

Next, the special table 2001-518700 will be described.
In the present invention, one end of the winding 5 in FIG. 1 is wound around the storage means (12) and the other end is connected to the ground. Since the end is unwound, there is no change in the number of turns and voltage adjustment is not possible.
As a means for solving this, it is written in the sentence of FIG. 6 and the paragraph [0038] that current is taken out by a ring having a resistance of 100Ω to 1000Ω and a brush, but as described in the paragraph [0009] above. However, this method is not possible due to heat generation.
As shown in FIG. 3, the iron core (core) is divided into 18a and 18b, a disc 20 made of an insulating material is inserted between them, and passes through a radial lead wire 22a attached to the disc, from the lead wires 21 and 21a. Although it is written that the electric wire is drawn to the outside, if the radial direction lead wire 22a is a square, the wire that can flow 100A has a length of about 6 mm on one side. Will make.

Even if the radial conductor 22a is made of a conductor disk for the purpose of narrowing the space, it cannot be used because a large overflow loss occurs in the disk.
When a space is created as described above, the magnetic resistance increases and the exciting current of the transformer increases to become a reactor, which cannot be used as a transformer. Therefore, it is like 1000 MVA as described in the section [0002] of this specification. Large transformers cannot be manufactured.
It seems that even a small transformer cannot be manufactured due to excessive loss and increased excitation current.
Therefore, the operation principle of the present invention is not established.

Furthermore, when an electric wire is drawn out from the lead wires 21 and 21a, a hole is made in the center of the iron core and the wire is drawn out from here. However, there is a rotating part, and insulation is difficult.
In order to solve this problem, it is written that the iron core and the lead wire are grounded, but in this case, a voltage such as 6600 V of the distribution line cannot be applied.
Furthermore, since unnecessary electric wires are stored in the storage means (12), unnecessary things take up space in the present invention, and the outer shape increases and the weight increases.
The weight of the iron core is more than double that of our method.

When a right-handed electric wire is turned left-handed, a large amount of current causes a problem of winding habits. However, no means for solving this problem is described, and this is impossible.
Section 0014 states that an XLPE cable can have a radius of curvature of about 4 times, preferably 12 times the diameter of the cable, which is allowed to bend only once, It is not allowed.
If a wire with a diameter of 30 mm is bent with a radius of curvature of about 65 cm or stretched to a flat surface, the wire breaks within a short time.
If the generated voltage is set from zero to the maximum and the polarity of the voltage is not changed, the problem of winding will be alleviated. However, since the variable voltage is reduced to 1/4, the iron core weight is quadrupled.
Although it is described that it is air-cooled without using insulating oil, since there is no winding or other lubricating oil, smooth movement is impossible and deformation and wear occur.

As mentioned above, in the conventional literature, there are no items that have been solved by any of the items such as winding, sparks, and iron core reduction. When a voltage regulator using this principle is actually completed, the target function is Despite being ideal, it is not commercially available at all.
In addition, all the documents are unreasonable in the principle of operation, and there is no trace of trial manufacture.

Indication of invention

Problems to be solved by the invention

According to the above-mentioned conventional documents, the variable winding type transformer does not satisfy the principle of operation as described above, becomes expensive economically due to the large iron core, reduces the capacity, and considers winding curl. It wasn't done, and a big spark came out from a switch, a brush, a slip ring, etc.
It is an object of the present invention to solve all of these problems. However, this is not the problem with the variable voltage winding transformer, but the problem with the on-load voltage regulator of the type that switches taps with the switch currently used for the distribution line. The problem is solved by the invention.

In the tap switching method, a semiconductor switch, a vacuum switch, a switching switch in insulating oil, or the like is used for the switch portion.
These are limited in the number of times of switching and the number of steps, and the control oil is not continuous and the insulating oil is deteriorated due to the sparks generated at the time of switching when the insulating oil is not used continuously.
Those that use semiconductor switches are not currently used because they are vulnerable to short-circuit currents during distribution line short-circuit accidents and excessive surge voltages of lightning, and frequent failures occur.

When a number of tap-switching voltage regulators are used for the distribution line, the voltage regulator at the end is affected by the voltage regulation of the first voltage regulator, so the number of times of switching increases. It is difficult to coordinate the integration time and the control amount, and it is necessary to give a large margin to the setting of the voltage regulator, which adversely affects the voltage adjustment result.
Furthermore, control that eliminates imbalance between the phases of the three-phase power supply is impossible.
The outline of the problem is to solve the problems of the conventional voltage regulator described above.
Here, problems unique to the variable winding voltage regulator of the present invention are listed.

1. The variable winding shall be wound with another leg winding on the unwound trace, and the weight of the iron core should be 1/2 to 1/4 of the conventional invention.
2. In large capacity devices, variable windings are used as bundles of strip-shaped conductors to increase the capacity and minimize the rate of bending and stretching of the winding rod, which can cause problems such as metal fatigue due to bending and bending, deformation due to winding weight, and frictional wear To flow a large current without difficulty.

3. When a strip-shaped conductor is used for the variable winding, a part or the whole is made of copper alloy to give elasticity, making it resistant to metal fatigue caused by bending and stretching. In addition to having a curl that swells out naturally, minimize the change in the radius of curvature to prevent metal fatigue, and use a copper alloy that is harder than mild copper to prevent wear due to friction.
4. Pull in with the same force that pushes out the conductor with the left and right reels rotating at the same rotation, and does not apply unnecessary force to the windings, and uses the winding force and springiness of the conductors away from the reels. Applying appropriate tension while naturally inflating the winding to the outside and guiding it into an ellipse with a guide plate, etc., and winding it in close contact with the winding frame without any gaps while making the change in the radius of curvature of the winding rod about 3 times.

5. Do not cause power loss or sparks at the slip ring (in our invention, a ring coil or current collecting ring).
6. In order to be strong against short circuit accidents and lightning in distribution lines, the reel is always stationary at a stationary position and rotated at high speeds at other locations, and all parts are sufficiently light and inexpensive while still withstanding lightning and short circuit accidents. Design to be.
7. The reel is an insulator, withstands the temperature of insulation oil of 100 degrees or more, withstands the weight of the wire, has little friction with the conductor, is easy to process gears and grooves, and has sufficient mechanical strength. .

8. Use metal while paying attention to insulation in places where mechanical strength is insufficient with insulation alone.
9. Overall life is 30 years or more.
10. Eliminate unbalance of 3 and 3 phases and perform continuous voltage adjustment at high speed.
11. Compared to the conventional tap-switching voltage regulator, the iron, copper, space, and tank size used are 2 to 4 times that of the conventional variable winding voltage regulator. To do.
13. Development of gear mechanisms and springs that rotate the reel, motor and motor rotation control circuit, stationary position detection, adjustment voltage control circuit, and other common-sense attachments.

Means to solve the problem

In the present invention, two winding frames respectively installed on the two main leg iron cores of the transformer are rotated in the same direction and moved between the winding frames (hereinafter this winding is referred to as a variable winding). The iron core is effectively used by rewinding from the right leg to the left leg immediately after the left leg is rolled from the right leg.
Compared to the one that changes from zero to the maximum because it generates twice the voltage and the voltage is changed from + maximum to-maximum if the size of the iron core is the same as the conventional variable winding voltage regulator. The adjustment voltage range is doubled and the change in the radius of curvature of the winding is minimized.
This reel has a protrusion for storing the wire, and is stored in a predetermined place while maintaining insulation with the protrusion.

  For example, if the voltage regulator of the distribution line is rated at 6600V and 1000KVA, the voltage rise is 300V and the voltage drop is 100V, the variable winding part has an adjustment range of 200V rise and 200V drop, Addition with 100V rise gives an adjustment range of 300V rise and 100V drop.

Next, means for moving the variable winding between the main legs will be described.
Considering the example of 6600V, 1000KVA, and rated current 87A as a voltage regulator for distribution lines, the rated current of the variable winding is 87A, and in order to flow such a large current, a large number of strip conductors are stacked. Use, so that the wire rod does not interfere with the part that goes out of the winding frame while rewinding the variable winding, and conversely, the winding path is actively used to inflate the path of the wire naturally outside, Wind the winding with the necessary tension.

The material used is an elastic phosphorus-deoxygenated copper plate with a low phosphorus content to improve conductivity. For example, in the case of a voltage regulator of 6600 V and 1000 KVA, the width is 7 to 9 mm and the thickness is 0 .. Eight strip conductors of 5 mm in length are used.
When the eight conductors are in close contact with each other, it becomes a trapezoid with a width of 7 to 9 mm, a thickness of 4 mm, and a phosphorus deoxidized copper plate with a cross-sectional area of 32 sq (square mm), and the allowable current is 87A.
If the conductor has elasticity, the part that protrudes from the reels 4 and 3 bulges outward by the curl and moves to the place where the minimum curvature radius changes through the elliptical trajectory with the least change in curl To do.

Both reels rotate in the same way, and as a result, there is no force applied to either one of the variable windings. The pushing force and the pulling force are the same, and the extruded winding is always drawn the same amount at the same time. In this way, the number of turns is changed.
In order to reduce the friction between the winding frame and the variable winding, a winding support plate is provided for supporting the weight of the portion protruding from the winding frames 3 and 4 from below.
In order for the conductor of the variable winding to have a phosphorus content sufficient to achieve both conductivity and elasticity, and to receive the force bulging outward due to a short-circuit current of about 4000 A that flows at the time of a short-circuit accident, a guide plate is placed on the winding support plate. Provide.

Since the diameter when the variable winding is wound around the reel and the diameter when it is outside the reel, the diameter when wound around the reel is small. Gives a margin to the way of the guide board so as to pass through a distant road.
Since the guide plate needs to have sufficient mechanical strength, it is made of metal, and the winding support plate is made of a hard and non-abrasive insulator such as artificial marble.
In addition, in order to receive the force that the variable winding bulges outward due to a short circuit accident of the distribution line, the guide plate is made as thick as possible to give it strength, and the diameter of the bar screw that moves the winding support plate up and down is increased. By enlarging and mechanically coupling the winding support plate through the gap between the main legs of the transformer, the swelling force can be offset and received.

This guide plate and winding support plate are moved up and down according to the vertical position of the variable winding, but the variable winding between the main legs has an inclination due to the vertical movement of the line position. And requires a vertical mechanism to ensure the vertical position.
The vertical mechanism is a combination of a nut and a bar screw, and the nut uses a precise ball nut using a ball bearing.
In order to secure a precise position, it is also necessary to use three or more bar screws to eliminate errors such as front / rear / left / right torsion of the vertical mechanism.

A spring is used for the winding support plate to support the entire variable winding with the same force, and the central portion is slightly inflated upward to reduce friction between the winding frame and the variable winding.
There is a concern about the wear of the winding support plate, but when using artificial marble for the winding support plate and it is used in insulating oil, there is little problem. Even if distortion occurs, it is solved by supporting a constant weight with a spring.
If the problem still occurs, the variable winding is moved by a roller bearing driven by a motor.

Next, the rotation of the reel will be described.
Since the reel is heavy, it uses a roller bearing to lightly rotate the part that receives rotation, and the lower part of the reel is reinforced with an insulator and metal to support the weight safely.
All rotating parts are in insulating oil and rotate about once per second, so there are few problems of vibration and lubrication.
In an actual variable winding voltage regulator, the voltage is rarely lowered and often raised. Therefore, the voltage is fixedly raised by the fixed winding, and the variable coil portion changes the voltage up and down by the same amount.

The mechanism for rotating and moving the reel and guide plate can be easily designed by a mechanism expert, but in order to rotate a gear mainly composed of an insulator in a high-temperature insulating oil, a gear is used. It should be accelerated slowly so that no mechanical shock is applied to it, and the same force should be applied to the right and left reel gears.
For this reason, a spring is attached to the shaft of the gear that drives the gear of the reel, and a cushion is provided for rotation so that the same force is applied to the gear of the reel.

In the present invention, two means are invented in order to take out an electric current from a winding in a rotating reel to an external electric wire fixed.
Next, the first means will be described.
Winding an insulated wire around a ring-shaped (ring-shaped) iron core, attaching the parts that the brush contacts to bare conductors (hereinafter referred to as ring coils) to the upper and lower ends of the winding frame, and variable winding at one end of the ring coil Connect the end of the wire and collect current from the conductive part with a brush.

As a result, the voltage generated by winding the transformer core once is distributed between the windings of the ring coil (1 / the number of turns of the ring coil).
For example, if the voltage per turn of the transformer is 2.6 V and the number of turns of the annular coil is 40, a voltage of 0.065 V is distributed between the windings of the annular coil.
Here, in the present invention, the voltage per turn is 10V, whereas in the present invention, the voltage is 2.6V. In the present invention, the portion where the iron core is not used is eliminated, and the cross-sectional area of the iron core ( (Weight) is 1/2, and the same winding generates voltage in the + direction and-direction, so the voltage can be used twice. This is because the voltage per turn can be reduced to ¼.

A ring coil is a coil in which an insulated wire is wound around a ring-shaped iron core, and a portion where the brush contacts is a bare conductor like a commutator of a DC motor, and the start and end of winding are connected.
Therefore, this ring coil does not have a terminal part, and the terminal of the variable winding wound around the winding frame is connected to a part of the ring coil.
In the above, the expression that the insulated wire is wound around the ring-shaped iron core is an expression for easy understanding. In actual production, it is an insulator that can withstand a high temperature of 400 degrees so that it can withstand the soldering temperature. The iron core is insulated, and two L-shaped or short-shaped conductors are joined together, and the joint is compressed or soldered to form a winding.

These joints make a complex fit.
The wound coil is put into a vacuum tank and insulative adhesive material is impregnated with vacuum, and then the surface is made into a smooth circle and machined such as making vertical cuts.
A round iron core generates a voltage of about 2.6 V each time the silicon steel sheet that is the material is wound. Therefore, a suitable cut portion is provided to insulate between the silicon steel sheets, or a dust core (iron powder is compressed together with an adhesive). Or molded one).

Moreover, since the part which a brush contacts uses a copper alloy and is circularly finished with a lathe like the commutator of a direct current machine, the cross-section of the ring-shaped iron core is rectangular.
When the winding start and end of the ring coil are connected in this way, the voltage induced by the main leg iron core in the ring coil is reduced to (1 / the number of turns of the ring coil) and distributed evenly over the bare conductor portion of the ring coil. .
Therefore, the voltage that the brush cuts becomes (1 / the number of turns of the ring coil) as compared with the conventional method.

However, even if the switching voltage applied to the brush becomes 1/40 of the conventional case, if the brush opens and closes a current of about 87 A, a spark is generated and the brush is worn out. Since the voltage of 0.065V is short-circuited across the conductive portion, the short-circuit current flows so as not to flow the magnetic flux of the iron core of the annular coil.
In order to reduce this short-circuit current, it is necessary to provide resistance to the brush contact surface of the bare conductive part or to increase the resistance of the brush. If the resistance of the contact surface of the brush is 0.01Ω, 90 KW of heat is generated and damaged.

For this reason, resistance cannot be given to a bare conductive part of a brush or a ring coil.
Therefore, only in the part where the brush passes, even if the voltage distribution of the bare conductor of the ring coil is almost zero and the resistance of the brush or bare conductive part is almost zero, no short-circuit current flows through the ring coil and no sparks are generated. Must be.
Since the voltage distribution of the bare conductive part is generated because the magnetic flux passes through the iron core in the ring coil, only the part where the brush passes is bypassed by taking out the magnetic flux of the iron core of the ring coil to the outside and bypassing it. To zero only this part.
As a means for this, a U-shaped iron core is provided on a ring-shaped coil near the brush, the coil is wound around the iron core, and the magnetic flux of the ring-shaped coil near the brush is bypassed to the U-shaped iron core (hereinafter referred to as a bypass core). .

Then, the magnetic flux flowing in the iron core near the brush in the ring coil becomes close to zero, and the potential difference of the coil near the brush becomes almost zero, thus preventing the spark of the brush.
The magnetic flux in the ring-shaped coil becomes (magnetic flux of the main leg iron core / number of turns of the ring-shaped coil). In order to bypass this magnetic flux, the magnitude of the phase angle around the coil wound around the bypass iron core In order to determine whether the current should flow, the phase angle and the magnitude of the coil current are determined so that the voltage distribution of the bare conductive part where the brush straddles without the brush is zero.

Since the current flowing through the coil of the bypass iron core is required to be able to set the phase angle and magnitude, a three-phase power supply taken from the distribution line to which the variable winding voltage regulator is connected is used. The phase angle and its magnitude are adjusted by the impedance.
An eddy current flows through the bare conductive part of the bypass core where the magnetic flux passes, preventing the passage of the magnetic flux and generating heat, so a large number of cuts are made vertically in the bare conductor part to prevent the eddy current. The eddy current is reduced by using a narrow and thick conductor in parallel and insulating between them.

Even when the brush is straddling the adjacent bare conductive part, the voltage distribution of the bare conductive part is almost zero, so no short-circuit current flows and no sparks appear, so the resistance between the brush and the bare conductive part is 0.001Ω or less. Can be made.
When the resistance is 0.001Ω, 9 KW of heat is generated for about 0.1 seconds, but the heat is not damaged.
Make a bare conductive part with a width wider than the width of the brush, set this part as the rest position, and place the brush in the rest position when the voltage is not adjusted.

The conductive portion at the stationary position is cut and insulated so as not to become a coil, and the end of the variable winding is connected to this conductive portion.
In the state where the brush does not straddle the adjacent bare conductor, the ring coil is not short-circuited by the brush, so no short-circuit current flows and no sparks are generated, so that the current flowing through the coil of the bypass iron core can be made zero.
Thus, the loss caused by the magnetic flux of the coil wound around the U-shaped iron core passing through the ring coil and the loss of the ring coil are reduced to zero when the winding frame is stationary.

Therefore, the brush and the bare conductive part have low electrical resistance, and it is possible to use a brush with low resistance carbon on both sides centered on copper alloy and silver that can withstand wear, and it rotates at low speed in insulating oil. However, considering the use without a spark, there is little wear due to sliding between the ring coil and the brush.
When lightning enters the ring coil, lightning voltage concentrates on the nearby coil to which the brush is connected, and dielectric breakdown is likely to occur.

In order to prevent this, if the insulation of the ring coil is reinforced, the outer shape becomes larger.
As a countermeasure, a capacitor is connected between adjacent coils of the ring coil and lightning current is passed through the capacitor to distribute the potential evenly, or a metal foil shield is placed on the coil. Distribute lightning voltage evenly with capacitance.

At this time, it is necessary to make two cut surfaces in the vertical direction and the horizontal direction somewhere so that the shield forms a single-turn closed coil and does not short-circuit the magnetism.
In order to attach the completed ring coil to the winding frame made of an insulator, a protrusion entering the gap between the windings of the ring coil is made in the winding frame, and the ring coil is pushed into the winding frame together with an adhesive, and then further screwed The top of the stopper is further clamped with an insulator to fix it.

Next, the second means will be described.
In this means, a ring having a part as an insulator and another part as a conductor (hereinafter, this ring is referred to as a current collecting ring) is used instead of the above-described ring coil.
Two brushes are brought into contact with this current collecting ring. Normally, one brush passes through the insulation at the part where both brushes contact the conductor and the number of turns of the variable winding changes, and the other brush is continuous with the conductor. To touch.
The process up to this point is the same as that of JP-A-54-48033.
The end of the variable winding is connected to the central portion of the conductor on the opposite side of the insulator of the current collecting ring, and this portion is set as a rest position.

In order to make it easier to understand, an example of a three-phase variable winding voltage regulator with 6600 V, 1000 KVA, rated current 87 A, and V connection will be described together with specific numerical values.
A small transformer is connected between the brush and a terminal for taking out current, and the primary side of the small transformer is, for example, 2.6V, 87A / 2 winding, and the secondary side is 100V, 1.1A. To do.
The above numerical values are the secondary current when the voltage per turn of the main winding, the rated current / 2, and the secondary side voltage are set to appropriate values, for example, 100V.

A semiconductor switch is connected to the secondary side (100V side) of the small transformer, the secondary winding is short-circuited or opened, and the brush is connected to this just before entering the insulating part from the conductive part of the current collecting ring. Shut off the brush current.
When the two brushes both exit the current collecting ring insulation and are in the conductive part, the two semiconductor switches are closed.
A semiconductor switch in which a resistor and a capacitor are connected in series is connected in parallel to reduce the surge voltage applied to the semiconductor.

However, since the current of about 2.5 A flows through the brush by the exciting current of the small transformer, the tertiary winding is provided in the small transformer and the exciting current is supplied from another power source through the impedance of the reactor or the like.
The same result can be obtained by applying an excitation current to the secondary winding without using the tertiary winding.
The reactor may be a resistor, a capacitor, or the like, but the voltage magnitude and phase angle are set so that the current flowing through the brush is minimized by adjusting the voltage magnitude and phase angle of the power supply.

As described above, the current flowing through the brush when cut off by the semiconductor switch can be reduced from 2.5 A to about 0.1 A.
When an SCR (thyristor) is used for a semiconductor switch, it is difficult to stably pass the passing current when the passing current is smaller than the holding current. Therefore, a small DC current continues to flow through the gate while the SCR is energized. Keep the SCR energized.
As described above, the voltage applied to the brush is reduced to 2.6 V and the current is reduced to about 0.1 A, so that damage due to sparks is almost eliminated and the life is extended.

The small transformer is put in insulating oil, the primary winding has dielectric strength against lightning voltage, and the secondary and tertiary windings are grounded at one end to lower the ground voltage, Is connected to the electronic device in the control box.
Since the material hardness and the degree of wear are different at the boundary between the insulator and the conductor of the current collecting ring, it tends to be stepped when used for many years, and it becomes an obstacle when the brush passes through it.
In order to prevent this, if a groove having a smooth slope is formed at the boundary of the ring and this groove is inclined, even if there is a slight step between the two, it can easily pass.
The overcurrent due to a short circuit fault in the distribution line is assumed to be 40 times the load current. At this time, the voltage drop caused by the current passing through the primary winding of the small transformer is the simple calculation of the current flowing in the other brush. Therefore, when it is zero, it becomes about 5V.

In this case, the two small transformers become magnetically saturated, but 40 times the rated load current flows through the conductive semiconductor switch for about 0.1 second, and up to about 4 times the open semiconductor switch. Peak voltage is applied.
Therefore, the semiconductor switch must endure the voltage and current of AC400V, 50A for 0.1 second, but there is an inexpensive commercial product of 1600V, 50A at this level.
Lightning voltage can be dealt with with resistors, capacitors, surge absorbers, etc.
Since the iron cores of the two transformers are saturated due to an excessive current caused by a short-circuit accident, two brushes are in contact with the conductor, and even if one of the semiconductor switches is open, 1/3 the open-side brush and the semiconductor switch is short-circuited A current of about 2/3 flows through the brush.

At this time, when the brush on the side where the semiconductor switch is open passes through the boundary between the conductor and the insulating portion, and the brush cuts off this current, the cut-off current is 1160 A, for example, and the voltage is about 5V.
In order to minimize the damage caused by sparks at this time and reduce the number of times the brush cuts off the short-circuit current, the brush must pass through the boundary between the insulator and the conductor quickly.
Therefore, the conductor on the opposite side of the insulator of the current collecting ring is set to the stationary position, and the terminal end of the variable winding is connected here. The winding frame gradually accelerates from the stationary position and reaches the maximum speed in the insulating section. Gradually decelerate to return to the rest position.

Since the reel is an insulator and its mechanical strength is weak, the part that supports the gear part and the roller bearing is partially reinforced with iron.
In this case, in order not to short-circuit the magnetic flux of the transformer main leg as a single turn coil, insulation is made by making a cut in the iron part or using iron only on the contact surface of the gear.
It is necessary to put an insulating part in the roller bearing.
When sufficient mechanical strength can be obtained with only an insulator, there is no need for reinforcement.
The speed course from the rest position to the stop at the rest position is the same for the ring coil.

The frequency at which short-circuit accidents are cut off is about once every 10 years, so it is not a problem if it is minor.
For this reason, a copper alloy is used for the conductor near the boundary between the insulator and the conductor, and the brush uses carbon on the outside and copper or silver on the inside.
If the condition that the end of the variable winding is at the stationary position and the brush is at the stationary position is satisfied, any position on the reel may be set at the stationary position.
When using a current collecting ring, the middle of the two brushes is the stationary position of the reel.

This completes the description of the two means for extracting current from the winding in the rotating winding frame to the fixed external electric wire.
Next, an apparatus for driving these apparatuses will be described.
Two or four AC motors with a gear group driven by a power source whose voltage, frequency, and phase rotation direction can be freely changed by an inverter (hereinafter, this AC motor with a gear group is referred to as a motor). Install it near the bottom of the tank.
The reason why the motor is at the bottom of the tank is that the temperature is low, but it is necessary to place the motor and the gear group directly connected to the motor in the air.

Since oil is heavier than air, mount the motor shaft downwards, fill it with nitrogen instead of air, attach a packing to the shaft that rotates at low speed, and push back the oil that passes through the packing and exits to the gear side with the pressure of nitrogen. .
Nitrogen is stored in a large bellows and installed at the bottom of the tank to balance the oil pressure at the bottom of the tank with the nitrogen pressure.
When not in the air, use a low-speed motor with many poles to eliminate rotors and gears that rotate at high speed in oil.

A single motor is sufficient, but there are many gears. When driven by one motor, mechanical loss increases until the force is transmitted to the gears at the end, causing a failure and the torque of two or more motors. In order to insulate a part of the gear, two or more units are used so that the iron teeth are always in contact with somewhere.
The rotation of the motor is transmitted to the gears one after another to rotate the reel and the bar screw.
If the rotation of the gear is suddenly transmitted to the reel, since the reel is an insulator, it may be damaged mechanically, so the motor gradually increases the torque and the number of rotations.

Looking at the rotation of the reel, it starts rotating at a very low speed from the stationary position, gradually accelerates, reaches the maximum speed on the opposite side of the stationary position, and stops at the stationary position while decelerating.
In order to move the guide plate up and down in proportion to the rotation of the reel, the rod screw is rotated by a gear coupled to the gear that rotates the reel, and the female screw (ball screw like a nut) attached to the rod screw is moved up and down. The winding support plate and the guide plate are attached to this.
The stationary position is detected using a high-frequency induction coil that meets the conditions of long life, no failure, and resistance to high-temperature insulating oil.

A piece of metal is embedded in a part of the winding frame, and the stationary position is detected by a change in the reactance of the induction coil.
The distribution line voltage is measured separately for each phase, and the motor is controlled for each phase.
The control dead width is set to 1% and the time constant is set to about 10 seconds. The operation frequency is measured by a microcomputer or the like. If the frequency is high, the dead width and the time constant are automatically increased.

The invention's effect

A winding frame is provided on both legs of the inner iron core, and the variable winding coming out of the winding frame enters the adjacent winding frame without a gap. When moving to the winding frame, the polarity of the voltage is reversed and the voltage adjustment width is doubled, so that the amount of the iron core is reduced to 1/2 to 1/4 as compared with the conventional variable winding transformer.
If the iron core is made smaller, there is an effect of reducing copper.

  To rotate the winding frame with two variable windings on the left and right at the same time in the same direction so that the variable winding coming out of the winding enters the adjacent winding frame without any gap. It is an absolute condition that the part closest to the center line of the protrusion transformer is always on the same horizontal line, that the striped conductor is overlapped with the variable winding, and that all the above three items are possessed. Since all the inventions of the items have been made, there is an effect that a large-sized variable winding transformer can be manufactured and a voltage regulator using the same can be manufactured.

1. When the terminal end of the variable winding is in the stationary position, any position on the reel may be in the stationary position as long as the brush is also in the stationary position.
2. When using a current collecting ring, the middle of the two brushes is the stationary position of the brush.
With the discovery of these two conditions, the right and left two reels can be made in the same shape, and the part with no windings on the reel can be designed to be minimal, so the iron core is minimized. There is an effect.
The same applies to a ring coil.

  We have developed two means to reduce the spark to about 1/400 to 1/1000 of the conventional way to extract current from the reel.

The effect of the first means (ring coil) will be described.
Compared to the case where the reactor current of 2.6V and 87A is conventionally opened and closed by a brush and a switch, the resistance current of 0.0065V and 87A is opened and closed, and the spark of the brush is 1/400 that of the conventional.

The effect of the second means (current collecting ring) will be described.
In this means, a current collecting ring having a part as an insulator and the other part as a conductor is used instead of the above-described ring coil.

  Compared with the conventional mechanical switch that directly opens and closes the reactor passing current of 10V, 87A, in the present invention, the secondary side of the small transformer is opened and closed by the semiconductor switch to compensate for the exciting current of the small transformer. The open / close voltage of the brush was 2.6 V and the current was 0.1 A.

As a result, when the sparks of the conventional switch opening and closing and the sparks of the brush by passing the brush of the present invention are considered by multiplying the voltage and current, the reactor will be 1/33000 if the spark is 10 times larger than the resistance. There is an effect.
Furthermore, while the conventional method of switching the tap of the transformer by the semiconductor switch was weak against a lightning short-circuit accident, the present invention provides a sufficient safety factor against lightning and short-circuit current while using a small and inexpensive semiconductor switch. Both have the effect of stabilizing the passage of minute currents.

Since the reel is mainly an insulator, we developed a mechanism that reinforces the gear with metal, lightens the rotation with a roller bearing, and rotates the two reels with the same force without applying an impact. There is an effect that the frame is hard to break.
Since the voltage of the distribution line is continuously adjusted separately for each phase, there is no step in the adjustment result, and there is an effect of eliminating the three-phase voltage imbalance.

  Designed with less wear parts, metal fatigue due to bending and stretching of variable windings over 30 years, size and weight will be about 1/2 to 1/4 compared to other variable winding transformer related inventions effective.

Hereinafter, embodiments of the present invention will be described with reference to FIGS.
1, 2, 3, and 4 are schematic diagrams of the structure for explaining the basic principle of the variable winding transformer of the present invention, and are examples using a ring coil.
For the sake of easy understanding, those parts not directly related to the principle explanation are omitted.
In particular, FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram for understanding the principle of variable winding movement.
1 is a side view, FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view taken along the line A-A, and FIG. 3 is a side view of FIG.
FIG. 4 is a cross-sectional view of the BB plane of FIG.

1-4 together, it is possible to understand in detail the structure of the path and winding frame of the variable winding left 9 and the variable winding right 10.
The ring-shaped coil 2 is attached to the top and bottom of the winding frames 3 and 4 and rotates together with the winding frames 3 and 4.
Each of the winding frames 3 and 4 is wound with a variable winding left 9 and a variable winding right 10, and the ends of the windings are connected to the stationary position 7 of the ring coil 2 in FIG.

When the reels 3 and 4 are simultaneously rotated in the same direction, the brush 8 draws out the current while being in close contact with the ring coil 2 and simultaneously the variable winding left 9 and the variable winding right 10 move between the reels. To do.
Although the upper insulator 5 and the lower insulator 6 are fixed to the main leg iron core 1, FIGS. 1 to 4 are schematic diagrams and are omitted except for the portions necessary for explaining the movement of the variable winding.

FIG. 2 shows a structure in which a primary winding 11 and a secondary winding 12 are wound around a main leg iron core 1, winding frames 3 and 4 are provided on the outer side, and a ring coil 2 is installed on the outer side.
As shown in FIG. 1, the stationary positions 7 of the two upper and lower ring coils 2 are at the same position in the vertical direction, and the brushes at the two upper and lower positions are also written at the same position in the vertical direction.
This is to make the explanation easy to understand. Actually, when the reels 3 and 4 are stopped, the brush position is free if all the brushes are in the stationary position (variable winding terminal).

Regardless of the position of the brush 8 and the rest position 7 and the position of the reels 3 and 4, the position of the right end of the protrusion 3a of the reel 3 and the left end of the protrusion 4a of the reel 4 Must be on the same horizontal line as shown in FIGS.
If they are not on the same horizontal line, the variable winding left 9 and the variable winding right 10 cannot enter the frames 3 and 4.
1 and 3, it seems that the variable winding does not enter the reel unless the position of both of them changes in the vertical direction by the inclination of the winding, but where the variable winding enters and exits the reel. Only when the variable winding bulges outside the center line and the protrusion of the right end of the reel 3 and the protrusion of the left foot of the reel 4 are on the same horizontal line at each stage, the variable winding can be comfortably You can move between.
This completes the description of the principle of movement of the winding frame and variable winding and the location of the brush and stationary position.

FIG. 5 is a principle diagram showing the direction of magnetic flux and the direction of voltage.
FIG. 5 is a principle diagram for explaining the operation principle, and the iron core, the primary winding, the secondary winding, and the winding frame are omitted for easy understanding of the movement of the variable winding.
In FIG. 5, the brush 8 and the rest position 7 are all written before for the sake of clarity. However, in the real variable winding voltage regulator, the winding frame 3 and the winding frame 4 have the same shape so that the variable winding can be changed. The line 9 and the variable winding 10 are different in the positions of the brush 8 and the stationary position 7.
However, since the principle description is the same, the description will be made with the state written before as shown in FIG.

The arrows in FIG. 5 indicate the direction of the magnetic flux of the main leg and the induced voltage of the variable winding.
If the variable winding is wound so that the direction of the magnetic flux and the direction of the voltage are the same, the winding wound on the left side becomes an upward vector, and the winding wound on the right side is a downward vector. Voltage.
This is because the right winding and the left winding are wound in the same winding direction, and the direction of the magnetic flux is reversed between the right and left of the main leg.
FIG. 5 shows a state in which the variable winding left 9 is all on the left and the variable winding right is all on the right, and this induced voltage is added and taken out between the terminals 14 and 13.
When the frame is rotated and the left winding 12 is turned to the right side and the right winding 13 is turned to the left side, the voltage between the terminal 14 and the terminal 15 decreases, and when it rotates further, the direction is reversed.

If this voltage is a maximum of 200V, a voltage in the forward direction and the reverse direction can be output, and the voltage change is + -200V. Therefore, if the voltage of the secondary winding shown in FIG. Are added in series, and the voltage adjustment range is from + 300V to -100V.
In FIGS. 1, 3, 4 and 5, an insulated wire is wound around a ring-shaped (ring-shaped) iron core, and the portion in contact with the brush is a bare conductor (hereinafter referred to as a ring coil). An example of collecting current with a brush from the conductive portion is described, but the same applies even when a current collecting ring is used.

Next, the structure of the ring coil as the first means will be described with reference to FIGS.
6 is a side view of the ring-shaped coil 2 and the brush 8, the bypass coil 16, and the bypass iron core 17, and FIG. 7 is an enlarged cross-sectional view of FIG.
The annular coil is formed by spirally winding a coil around a ring-shaped iron core, and a bare copper alloy 22 is used outside the winding 21 of the annular coil.
If the cross-sectional area of the circular iron core 20 is represented by (the cross-sectional area of the main leg iron core 1) in FIG. 2 / the number of turns of the ring coil, the magnetic flux densities of the two are equal.

The circumference of the circular iron core 20 of the ring coil is insulated by an insulator 19, and the copper alloy 22 has a structure like a commutator of a DC motor.
Since the circular iron core 20 generates a voltage in the same manner as the coil wound around the main leg iron core 1, the iron core is appropriately cut and insulated so that the voltage generated by the circular iron core 20 is not short-circuited.
When the circular iron core 20 is not cut, it is necessary to consider the circular iron core 20 as a winding wound around the main leg 1 and to insulate the entire circumference of the circular iron core to ensure sufficient withstand voltage.

If the thickness of the silicon steel plate used for the circular core 20 is increased, the number of turns of the iron core is reduced and the eddy current loss of the iron core is increased, but insulation is facilitated.
This problem can be solved by using a dust core (iron powder compression-molded with an adhesive) for the circular iron core 20, but those having a high maximum allowable magnetic flux density tend to have low electrical resistance and large eddy current loss.
The winding of the ring-shaped coil is combined and combined into two parts, and finished into a coil wound in a spiral shape by compression or soldering.
Since the ring coil 2 is connected at the beginning and end of winding, it seems that there is no potential difference between the copper alloy 22 and the adjacent one, but in reality, the potential difference appears because the magnetic flux of the main leg core 1 passes through. .

Since the brush 8 short-circuits the potential difference (about 0.065 V) adjacent to the copper alloy 22, a short-circuit current flows, and the magnetic flux of the circular iron core 20 is canceled to interrupt the flow of magnetic flux.
In order to prevent this, as shown in FIG. 6, a bypass iron core 17 is provided near the brush 8 so that the magnetic flux of the ring coil 2 is returned to the ring coil 2 through the bypass iron core 17.
Magnetic flux passing through the circular iron core 20 is bypassed to the bypass iron core 17, and the potential difference between the adjacent conductors near the brush 8 is zeroed to prevent the spark of the brush 8.

At this time, since there is no iron between the circular iron core 20 of the ring coil and the bypass iron core 17, the magnetic resistance increases, and in order to prevent the magnetic flux from being completely bypassed, a current is passed through the bypass coil 16 to force it. The magnetic flux of the ring coil 2 is passed through the bypass iron core 17 to eliminate the influence of the magnetic resistance.
The stationary position 7 in FIG. 6 is a part in which the wide coil 2 is provided with a wide conductive portion. The ends of the variable windings 9 and 10 are connected to the annular coil, and the brush 8 is always stationary. It stops at the position 7, the current flowing through the bypass coil 16 is cut, the magnetic flux of the bypass iron core 17 is made zero, and the power loss of the bypass portion is made zero.

The conductive portion at the stationary position 7 is a one-turn coil, and a cut portion is formed and insulated so as not to prevent passage of the magnetic flux of the circular core 20.
Since the overflow loss occurs where the bypass magnetic flux passes in FIG. 7, all the conductors in the portion through which the magnetic flux passes are cut finely vertically to reduce the overflow loss through the bypass magnetic flux while flowing the load current.
Next, the second means (current collecting ring) will be described.
The current collecting ring has a part as an insulator and the other part as a conductor. The structure of the current collecting ring and the attached electric circuit will be described with reference to FIGS. 8, 9, 10, 11, 12 and 13.

As shown in FIG. 8, two brush sets (hereinafter referred to as two brush sets are referred to as brush sets) 25 and 26 are brought into contact with the current collecting ring formed by the insulator 29 and the conductive portion 30. Normally, both brush sets 25 and 26 are in contact with the conductor portion 30 and in the portion where the number of turns of the variable winding is changed, the inner one side of the brush sets 25 and 26 passes through the insulator 29 and the other brush is in contact with the conductor portion 30. To do.
On the opposite side of the insulating portion 29 of the current collecting ring, there is a variable winding connecting portion 31 which is a stationary position.

FIG. 9 is an enlarged view showing the structure of the brush set 25 in detail.
The contact portion of the brush assembly 25 is made of carbon 38 on the outside and silver 37 on the inside. The silver portion has conductivity and the carbon portion has the property of reducing damage caused by sparks. Do not wear the current collector ring.
The spring 36 always has sufficient contact pressure with the current collecting ring even if the silver 37 and the carbon 38 of the brush sets 25 and 26 are worn, and the AMP terminal 34 is passed through the braided wire 35 and the terminal bolt 33. Current is passed through.

FIG. 10 is an enlarged cross-sectional view of the brush contact portion.
FIG. 11 is a top view of the brush contact surface of FIG.
As shown in these figures, an obliquely inclined groove 42 is provided at the boundary between the insulator 29 and the conductive portion 30 of the current collecting ring so that the brush can pass even if there is a step between them.
Although it is difficult to join the insulator 29 and the conductive portion 30, the assembly 29 is assembled using the combination bond 40, and then tightened together with the adhesive with the bolt 41 and stopped.
After that, it is machined to finish the surface and grooves smoothly.

FIG. 12 shows that one of the brush sets 25 and 26 is damaged by the sparks of the brush by opening the switch S1 or S2 connected in series before passing through the insulator of the current collecting ring so that no current flows through the brush. It is a circuit to prevent.
Assuming that the rating of the variable winding transformer is 6600 V, 1000 KVA, and rated current 87 A, currents of about 44 A respectively flow in the brush sets 25 and 26 in the normal state (stationary state).

FIG. 13 is a detailed circuit diagram showing the inside of the switches S1 and S2 of FIG.
The voltage that the switches S1 and S2 open and close is about 2.6V, and the current is about half of the rated current, about 44A, so that it can be easily opened and closed with a commercially available semiconductor switch. In order to make the ground potential about 100V, it is converted to 100V, 1.1A by the small transformers T1, T2.
SCR1, SCR2, C3, R3, C4, and R4 are connected to the 100V side as shown in FIG. 13, and SCR1 and SCR2 are opened and closed, and switches S1 and S2 shown in FIG. 12 are opened and closed. However, any element may be used.

When the SCR is used, two 1600 V, 30 A SCRs are used in antiparallel, and the holding current is about 10 mA. Therefore, a DC current of about 20 mA is constantly supplied to the gate to make the holding current zero.
In order to supply a stable power supply for 3 seconds from the moment of power failure, including the power supply of the motor, which will be described later, power is constantly stored in a large-capacitance capacitor and converted into a constant voltage by an inverter.

In this state, the excitation current of the small transformer flows about 2.5A through the 2.6V winding, so the ineffective portion of the excitation current is absorbed by the capacitors C1, C2, C3 and C4, and the effective portion is supplied to the 25V winding by 100V power The current is forcibly applied to compensate, and the excitation current 2.5A is reduced to about 0.1A.
Since the resistors R1 and R2 generate power loss, they can be replaced with reactors, and the magnitude and phase angle of the 100V power supply can be adjusted to compensate for the effective component.
As a result, the brush always opens and closes at about 2.6V and 0.1A, so there is little damage caused by sparks.

FIG. 14 is a graph showing the relationship between the rotation speed of the reel and the rotation angle.
In this figure, the positions at the rotation angles of 0 degrees and 360 degrees are the same place. In the case of a ring coil, this is the brush stationary position, and in the case of a current collecting ring, the connecting portion 31 of the variable winding shown in FIG. In the rest state, the middle of the brush sets 25 and 26 is the center of the rest position.

As shown in the figure, the rotational speed is increased in a sine curve shape, reaches a maximum speed in the vicinity of 180 degrees, decelerates in a sine curve shape, and stops at the stationary position detected by the induction coil.
When it rotates continuously, it stops at the maximum speed and when it stops, it decelerates to a sine curve and stops.
Next, as an example, production drawings of variable winding type transformers with 6600V, 87A, voltage rise 300V, voltage drop 100V, capacity 1000KVA are shown in each direction by FIGS. 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22. Explain what you did.

This production drawing is a drawing for making as it is, and it is not suitable for understanding the principle of operation, but it proves that the invention can be easily produced, and it has been designed in detail to investigate the shortcomings of the invention. It is for confirming that all can be solved.
These figures are used in insulating oil. The place where a voltage of 6600 V is applied has a ground insulation distance of a minimum of 21 mm, and the variable winding is 2.2 A per square mm.
15 and 16 are cross-sectional views as seen from the side where the legs of the main leg iron core 1 are arranged side by side, FIG. 15 is an EE cross-sectional view, and FIG. 16 is a DD cross-sectional view.
In these drawings, a cross section of the gear is drawn as a side view, but this is for easy understanding of the drawings.

15 and 16, a primary winding 11 and a secondary winding 12 are wound around both legs of an inner iron type main leg iron core 1, and winding frames 3 and 4 are provided outside the windings.
In the grooves formed by the projections 3a and 4a of the winding frames 3 and 4, the variable winding left 9 and the variable winding right 10 are housed. When the winding frames 3 and 4 are rotated, the variable winding is guided to the guide plate 44. It passes through and passes through different reels 3 and 4 respectively.
15, 16, 17, and 18 show an example in which a current collecting ring 48 is used, and the same applies even when a ring coil is used.
A total of four current collecting rings 48 are attached to the top and bottom of the reels 3 and 4, and are fixed to the reels 3 and 4 by an insulating ring 49.
The mounting hardware 50 is firmly fastened and fixed to the main leg iron core 1 with a thick bolt, and the winding frames 3 and 4, a gear group, a motor, and the like are attached thereto.
17 and 18 are cross-sectional views as seen from the place where the legs of the main leg iron core 1 are arranged vertically, FIG. 17 is a GG cross-sectional view, and FIG. 18 is a FF cross-sectional view.
As shown in the enlarged view of FIG. 18, the variable winding is a trapezoid having a width of 9 to 7 mm, a thickness of 4 mm, and a cross-sectional area of 32 sq (square mm) when eight conductors are in close contact with each other, and using a phosphorus-deoxygenated copper plate. The allowable current is 87A.

The reason for the trapezoidal shape is that the variable windings can easily enter the winding frames 3 and 4, and the roots of the groove projections 3a and 4a for accommodating the variable windings of the winding frames 3 and 4 are enlarged to increase the strength. It is.
The upper part of the lower insulating ring 49 is made of an insulating material and has a pressure resistance. The lower part of the insulating ring 49 is fitted with a metal gear G9 and a metal for the roller bearing 47. Eliminates mechanically weak defects.
Since the upper insulating ring 49 does not require a large weight, only the insulator is used.

In FIG. 15, the brush is not shown because it is not on the cross section GG, but in FIG. 17, the positions 53, 54, 55, and 56 of the brush used for the current collecting ring 48 are shown for easy understanding. is there.
When the annular coil 2 is used instead of the current collecting ring 48, the brush position is at one place in the middle of the brush set.
The positions of the bar screws 45 and 46 in FIG. 18 are deviated from the sectional line FF, but are drawn as side views for easy understanding.

Since the variable windings 9 and 10 intersect in the winding frame, the sectional line GG in FIG. 18 is not horizontal.
The ball nut 57 moves the support plate 52 up and down to lift the variable winding so that it does not bend at the bottom when the variable winding enters the winding frames 3 and 4.
The guide plate 44 attached to the support plate 57 guides the variable winding to a predetermined place, and receives the force bulging out of the variable winding due to a short-circuit current of about 5000 A flowing due to a short-circuit accident.
If this force is received only by the rod screw 45, it is weak, so the two support plates 52 are coupled by the insulating rod 51, and the force is offset and received.

FIG. 19 is a diagram in which the lower part of FIG. 18 is taken out and shows the positional relationship with FIGS.
20 and 21 show the arrangement and engagement of gears.
In these drawings, when the motors M1 and M2 are rotated, the gears G2 and G4 are rotated through the gears G1 and G5, and the rotation is transmitted to the gears G7 and G10 through the spring SP, and the reels 3 and 4 are rotated by the gear G9. At the same time, the rod screws 45 and 46 are rotated through the gears G8 and G11, and the ball nut 57 is moved up and down.
Since the gears G8, G11, G13, and G15 in FIG. 21 rotate the bar screw 45, two sets of three bar screws are rotated, and a total of six bar screws 45 are rotated.

The gears G6, G12, and G14 seem unnecessary. However, if two or more motors are used, the rotational positions of the winding frames 3 and 4 may be shifted.
Since the gear G9 penetrates the magnetic flux of the main leg 1, it is cut at some point and insulated so that it does not become a one-turn coil.
The same applies to all roller bearings 47.
The lower side of the gear G9 also serves as a metal part of the roller bearing 47.
A large number of induction coils 58 are attached to the periphery of the upper part of the upper insulating ring 49 to detect a stationary position or a high-speed rotation location.

Instead of induction coils, mechanical switches, photoelectric switches, reed switches that open and close magnetically, and those that use Hall effect elements can be considered, but they can be used in high-temperature insulating oil for 30 years without failure. What is an induction coil 58.
FIG. 22 is an enlarged view of FIG. 18, and details that are difficult to understand in FIG. 18 are easily understood.

  Assuming that the reel 3 is rotating from the left to the right, the variable winding left 9 is connected to the current collector ring 48 at the point P1, and enters the reel 3 from here. Through (the variable winding passing through the table is indicated by a one-dot chain line in FIG. 22) and passing through the back (the variable winding passing through the back is indicated by a dotted line in FIG. 22) and enters one level.

The variable winding left 9 wound by one stage in this way is separated from the reel 3 at the point P2 and enters the reel 4.
The variable winding 10 enters the reel 3 at the point P3, passes through the front of the reel 3 and then goes up one step through the back.
The terminal end of the variable winding 10 thus wound is connected to the current collecting ring 48 at a point P4.
When the reels 3 and 4 are stationary, the installation location of the brush is determined so that the end of the variable winding is connected to the current collecting ring 48 and the middle of the two brushes.
The reels 3 and 4, the insulating ring 49, and the mounting hardware 50 are appropriately perforated to ensure a path for the insulating oil.

The side view which shows the principle of the coil | winding which shows a part of structure of the variable winding transformer of this invention AA sectional view of FIG. 1 of the present invention 1 is a perspective view showing the back side of FIG. 1 of the present invention. BB sectional view of FIG. Principle diagram showing the direction of magnetic flux and the direction of voltage induction of the variable winding transformer of the present invention Side view of ring coil among current collecting means attached to the top and bottom of the transformer reel CC sectional view of FIG. Cross-sectional view of current collecting ring among current collecting means attached to the top and bottom of the transformer's reel Enlarged view of the brush assembly 25 used in the current collecting ring The expanded sectional view which took out the brush contact part further from the enlarged view of the brush set 25 View of the brush contact part from above Principle diagram of a switch that cuts off the current of the brush of the current collector ring Detailed circuit diagram of the switch that cuts off the current Curve showing the relationship between the rotation angle and the rotation speed of the winding frame of the variable winding transformer of the present invention EE sectional view of FIG. 16 which shows the Example of the variable winding transformer of this invention DD sectional view of FIG. GG sectional view of FIG. FF sectional view of FIG. The figure which shows the lower part of FF sectional drawing of the same FIG. II sectional view of FIG. HH sectional view of FIG. Enlarged view of Fig. 16

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Main leg core 2 Ring coil 3, 4 Reel 5 Upper insulator 6 Lower insulator 7 Rest position 8 Brush 9 Variable winding left 10 Variable winding right 11 Primary winding 12 Secondary winding 13 Electric wire 14 Terminal 15 Terminal 16 Bypass coil 17 Bypass iron core 18 Cross section 19 moving to adjacent winding 19 Insulator 20 Circular iron core 21 Ring coil winding 22 Copper alloy 23 Cut surface 24 Shield 25, 26 Brush assembly 27 Fixing bracket 28 Insulator 29 Insulator 30 Conductive portion 31 of current collecting ring Connection portion 32 of variable winding Terminal nut 33 Terminal bolt 34 AMP terminal 35 Braided wire 36 Spring 37 Silver 38 Carbon 39 Frame 40 Combination coupling 41 Bolt 42 Groove 43 Brush contact Surface 44 Guide plate 45, 46 Bar screw 47 Roller bearing 48 Current collecting ring 49 Insulating ring 50 Mounting hardware 51 Insulating bar 52 Support plate 53, 54, 55, 56 Brush position 57 Ball nut 58 Inductive coil R1... R4 Resistance C1... C4 Capacitor T1, T2 Small transformer SCR Thyristor G1... G15 Gear SP Spring M1, M2 Motor

2 is a cross-sectional view taken along the line AA of FIG. 1. A primary winding 11 and a secondary winding 12 are wound around the main leg iron core 1, and winding frames 3 and 4 are provided on the outer side, and the ring coil 2 is provided on the outer side. The structure to install is shown.
As shown in FIG. 1, the stationary positions 7 of the two upper and lower ring coils 2 are at the same position in the vertical direction, and the brushes at the two upper and lower positions are also written at the same position in the vertical direction.
This is to make the explanation easy to understand. Actually, when the reels 3 and 4 are stopped, the brush position is free if all the brushes are in the stationary position (variable winding terminal).

FIG. 3 is a perspective view of the back side from the front side of FIG. 1, and is a reverse view of the normal view, and is for understanding the passing position of the variable winding together with FIG. 1. 1 and 3, it seems that the variable winding does not enter the reel unless the position of both of them changes in the vertical direction by the inclination of the winding, but where the variable winding enters and exits the reel. Only when the variable winding bulges outside the center line and the protrusion of the right end of the reel 3 and the protrusion of the left foot of the reel 4 are on the same horizontal line at each stage, the variable winding can be comfortably You can move between.
This completes the description of the principle of movement of the winding frame and variable winding and the location of the brush and stationary position.

If this voltage is a maximum of 200V, a voltage in the forward direction and the reverse direction can be output, and the voltage change is + -200V. Therefore, if the voltage of the secondary winding 12 shown in FIG. The voltage is added in series, and the voltage adjustment range is from + 300V to -100V.
In FIGS. 1, 3, 4 and 5, an insulated wire is wound around a ring-shaped (ring-shaped) iron core, and the portion in contact with the brush is a bare conductor (hereinafter referred to as a ring coil). An example of collecting current with a brush from the conductive portion is described, but the same applies even when a current collecting ring is used.

Since the variable windings 9 and 10 intersect in the winding frame, the sectional line GG in FIG. 18 is not horizontal.
The ball nut 57 moves the support plate 52 up and down to lift the variable winding so that it does not bend at the bottom when the variable winding enters the winding frames 3 and 4.
The guide plate 44 attached to the support plate 52 guides the variable winding to a predetermined place, and receives the force bulging out of the variable winding due to a short-circuit current of about 5000 A flowing due to a short-circuit accident.
If this force is received only by the rod screw 45, it is weak, so the two support plates 52 are coupled by the insulating rod 51, and the force is offset and received.

Thus, the variable winding left 9 wound step by step is separated from the reel 3 at the point P2 and enters the reel 4 shown in FIG.
The variable winding 10 enters the reel 3 from the reel 4 at the point P3, passes through the front of the reel 3 and then goes up one step through the back.
The terminal end of the variable winding 10 thus wound is connected to the current collecting ring 48 at a point P4.
When the reels 3 and 4 are stationary, the installation location of the brush is determined so that the end of the variable winding 10 is connected to the current collecting ring 48 and the middle of the two brushes.
The reels 3 and 4, the insulating ring 49, and the mounting hardware 50 are appropriately perforated to ensure a path for the insulating oil.

[0107]
[Brief description of the drawings]
FIG. 1 is a side view showing the principle of a winding showing a part of the structure of a variable winding transformer of the present invention. FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view taken along line AA of FIG. 1 of the present invention. FIG. 4 is a cross-sectional view taken along the line BB in FIG. 1. FIG. 5 is a principle diagram showing the direction of magnetic flux and the direction of voltage induction in the variable winding transformer of the present invention. FIG. 7 is a side view of a ring coil and a bypass coil among current collecting means attached to the top and bottom of the winding frame. FIG. 7 is a cross-sectional view taken along the line CC of FIG. Fig. 9 is a cross-sectional view of the current collecting ring and the brush set. Fig. 9 is an enlarged view of the brush set 25 used in the current collecting ring and the current collecting ring. Fig. 10 is a brush contact in the enlarged view of the brush set 25. Enlarged cross-sectional view of the extracted part [Fig. 11] View of the brush contact part from above [Fig. 12] Cut off the current of the brush of the current collecting ring Principle diagram of the switch [FIG. 13] Detailed circuit diagram of the switch that cuts off the current [FIG. 14] Curve showing the relationship between the rotation angle and the rotation speed of the winding frame of the variable winding transformer of the present invention [FIG. 15] Variable of the present invention 16 is a cross-sectional view taken along line EE in FIG. 16 showing an embodiment of the winding transformer. FIG. 16 is a cross-sectional view taken along line DD in FIG. 15. FIG. 17 is a cross-sectional view taken along line GG in FIG. FF cross section [FIG. 19] The figure which shows the lower part of the FF cross section of FIG. 17 [FIG. 20] II cross section of FIG. 19 [FIG. 21] HH cross section of FIG. FIG. 22 is an enlarged view of FIG.

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Main leg iron core 2 Ring coil 3, 4 Winding frame 3a, 4a Groove protrusion which accommodates the variable winding of winding frames 3, 4 5 Upper insulator 6 Lower insulator 7 Rest position 8 Brush 9 Variable winding left 10 Variable Winding right 11 Primary winding 12 Secondary winding 13 Electric wire 14 Terminal 15 Terminal 16 Bypass coil 17 Bypass iron core 18 Cross section 19 moving to next winding of ring coil Insulator 20 Circular iron core 21 Ring coil winding 22 Copper alloy 23 Shield cut surface 24 Shield 25, 26 Brush assembly 27 Fixing bracket 28 Insulator 29 Insulator 30 Conducting portion 31 of current collecting ring Connection portion 32 of variable winding Terminal nut 33 Terminal bolt 34 AMP terminal 35 Wire 36 Spring 37 Silver 38 Carbon 39 Frame 40 Combination coupling 41 Bolt 42 Groove 43 Brush contact surface 44 Guide plate 45, 46 Bar screw 47 Roller bearing 48 Electrical ring 49 Insulating ring 50 Mounting hardware 51 Insulating rod 52 Support plate 53, 54, 55, 56 Position of brush 57 Ball nut 58 Inductive coil R1... R4 Resistor C1... C4 Capacitors T1 and T2 Small transformer SCR Thyristor G1... G15 Gear SP Spring M1, M2 Motor

FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view taken along the line AA of FIG. The structure to install is shown.
As shown in FIG. 1, the stationary positions 7 of the two upper and lower ring coils 2 are at the same position in the vertical direction, and the brushes at the two upper and lower positions are also written at the same position in the vertical direction.
This is to make the explanation easy to understand. Actually, when the reels 3 and 4 are stopped, the brush position is free if all the brushes are in the stationary position (variable winding terminal).

Regardless of the position of the brush 8 and the rest position 7 and the position of the reels 3 and 4, the position of the right end of the protrusion 3a of the reel 3 and the left end of the protrusion 4a of the reel 4 Must be on the same horizontal line as shown in FIGS.
If they are not on the same horizontal line, the variable winding left 9 and the variable winding right 10 cannot enter the frames 3 and 4.
FIG. 3 is a perspective view of FIG. 1, and when looking at FIG. 1 and FIG. 3, it seems that the variable winding does not enter the winding frame unless the position of both of them changes in the vertical direction by the inclination of the winding. The place where the variable winding enters and exits the winding frame bulges outside the center line so that the right end protrusion of the winding frame 3 and the protrusion position of the left foot of the winding frame 4 are on the same horizontal line in each stage. Only when the variable winding can be moved between the winding frames without difficulty.
This completes the description of the principle of movement of the winding frame and variable winding and the location of the brush and stationary position.

If this voltage is a maximum of 200V, a voltage in the forward direction and the reverse direction can be output, and the voltage change is + -200V. Therefore, if the voltage of the secondary winding 12 shown in FIG. The voltage is added in series, and the voltage adjustment range is from + 300V to -100V.
In FIGS. 1, 3, 4 and 5, an insulated wire is wound around a ring-shaped (ring-shaped) iron core, and the portion in contact with the brush is a bare conductor (hereinafter referred to as a ring coil). An example of collecting current with a brush from the conductive portion is described, but the same applies even when a current collecting ring is used.

Since the variable windings 9 and 10 intersect in the winding frame, the sectional line GG in FIG. 18 is not horizontal.
The ball nut 57 moves the support plate 52 up and down to lift the variable winding so that it does not bend at the bottom when the variable winding enters the winding frames 3 and 4.
The guide plate 44 attached to the support plate 52 guides the variable winding to a predetermined place, and receives the force bulging out of the variable winding due to a short-circuit current of about 5000 A flowing due to a short-circuit accident.
If this force is received only by the rod screw 45, it is weak, so the two support plates 52 are coupled by the insulating rod 51, and the force is offset and received.

Thus, the variable winding left 9 wound step by step is separated from the reel 3 at the point P2 and enters the reel 4 shown in FIG.
The variable winding 10 enters from the winding frame 4 through the front surface of the winding frame 3 and then up through the back at the point P3.
The terminal end of the variable winding 10 thus wound is connected to the current collecting ring 48 at a point P4.
When the reels 3 and 4 are stationary, the installation location of the brush is determined so that the end of the variable winding is connected to the current collecting ring 48 and the middle of the two brushes.
The reels 3 and 4, the insulating ring 49, and the mounting hardware 50 are appropriately perforated to ensure a path for the insulating oil.

[0107]
[Brief description of the drawings]
FIG. 1 is a side view showing the principle of a winding showing a part of the structure of a variable winding transformer of the present invention. FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view taken along line AA of FIG. 1 of the present invention. FIG. 4 is a cross-sectional view taken along the line BB in FIG. 1. FIG. 5 is a principle diagram showing the direction of magnetic flux and the direction of voltage induction in the variable winding transformer of the present invention. FIG. 7 is a side view of a ring coil and a bypass coil among current collecting means attached to the top and bottom of the winding frame. FIG. 7 is a cross-sectional view taken along the line CC of FIG. Fig. 9 is a cross-sectional view of the current collecting ring and the brush set. Fig. 9 is an enlarged view of the brush set 25 used in the current collecting ring and the current collecting ring. Fig. 10 is a brush contact in the enlarged view of the brush set 25. Enlarged cross-sectional view of the extracted part [Fig. 11] View of the same brush contact portion from above [Fig. 12] Cut off the current of the current collecting ring brush Principle diagram of the switch [FIG. 13] Detailed circuit diagram of the switch that cuts off the current [FIG. 14] Curve showing the relationship between the rotation angle and the rotation speed of the winding frame of the variable winding transformer of the present invention [FIG. 15] Variable of the present invention 16 is a cross-sectional view taken along line EE in FIG. 16 showing an embodiment of the winding transformer. FIG. 16 is a cross-sectional view taken along line DD in FIG. 15. FIG. 17 is a cross-sectional view taken along line GG in FIG. FF cross section [FIG. 19] The figure which shows the lower part of the FF cross section of FIG. 17 [FIG. 20] II cross section of FIG. 19 [FIG. 21] HH cross section of FIG. FIG. 22 is an enlarged view of FIG.

[0108]
[Explanation of symbols]
DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Main leg iron core 2 Ring coil 3, 4 Winding frame 3a, 4a Groove protrusion which accommodates the variable winding of winding frames 3 and 4 Upper insulator 6 Lower insulator 7 Rest position 8 Brush 9 Variable winding left 10 Variable Winding right 11 Primary winding 12 Secondary winding 13 Electric wire 14 Terminal 15 Terminal 16 Bypass coil 17 Bypass iron core 18 Cross section 19 moving to next winding of ring coil Insulator 20 Circular iron core 21 Ring coil winding 22 Copper alloy 23 Shield cut surface 24 Shield 25, 26 Brush assembly 27 Fixing bracket 28 Insulator 29 Insulator 30 Conducting portion 31 of current collecting ring 32 Connection portion of variable winding 32 Terminal nut 33 Terminal bolt 34 AMP terminal 35 Wire 36 Spring 37 Silver 38 Carbon 39 Frame 40 Combination coupling 41 Bolt 42 Groove 43 Brush contact surface 44 Guide plate 45, 46 Bar screw 47 Roller bearing 48 Electrical ring 49 Insulating ring 50 Mounting hardware 51 Insulating rod 52 Support plate 53, 54, 55, 56 Position of brush 57 Ball nut 58 Inductive coil R1... R4 Resistance C1... C4 Capacitors T1 and T2 Small transformer SCR Thyristor G1... G15 Gear SP Spring M1, M2 Motor

Claims (1)

1. The fixed winding is wound inside the two main leg cores on the right and left of the ironless transformer, and two rotatable frames are attached to the outside of the fixed winding. The winding of the right reel (hereinafter referred to as variable winding) is wound on the left reel, and at the same time, the variable winding on the left reel is wound on the right reel. Winding and having a structure to wind the winding in the space of the winding frame unwinding each other.
2. Use 6 to 15 belt-shaped conductors for the variable winding.
3. Attach the ring coil or current collector ring above and below the reel, and connect the terminal end of the variable winding to the conductive part of the ring coil or current collector ring.
4. The above ring coil has an iron core in the center, and has a structure in which a winding is wound around the iron core 30 to 60 times, and its terminal portion is connected to the ring coil.
5. The current collector ring shall have an annular shape with one part being an insulator and the other part being a conductor.
6. Attach two brushes to the current collector ring, connect the primary side of the small transformer between the brush and the power supply, and connect the semiconductor switch to the 2 o'clock side.
7. A variable-turn transformer characterized by using the structure of the above six items simultaneously.

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