JP2011017499A - Planar-structure heating structure for building and method of constructing the planar-structure heating structure - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a planar-structure heating structure for a building enabled in stable heating and excellent in execution performance.SOLUTION: The planar-structure heating structure is constituted by installing a heating function in planar structures (floors) of the building and includes a sheet-shaped electric heater 8 attached to back faces of the planar structures 1A, 2A, 3 and a field foamed polyuretane layer 15 sprayed and foamed from the upper side of the electric heater 8 to back faces of the planar structures 1A, 2A, 3. In the heating structure, the field foamed polyuretane layer 15 serving as a heat insulating layer is formed with almost no clearance regardless of irregularities on the back faces of the planar structures 1A, 2A, 3 including the electric heater 8 so as to suppress deterioration in heating efficiency caused by clearances. Thus, the thickness of the field foamed polyuretane layer 15 can be adjusted easily in accordance with a work execution place such as a cold place and a warm place so as to achieve favorable heating efficiency.

Description

  The present invention relates to a heating structure of a surface structure such as a floor, a wall, or a ceiling of a building, and a construction method thereof.

  In order to heat a room in a building, there is a method of installing a heating device in the room or installing a heating device outside the room and introducing hot air into the room. On the other hand, a heating device may be incorporated into a surface structure itself such as a floor, a wall, or a ceiling constituting the room (Patent Documents 1 and 2 below). As such, floor heating in which a heating function is assembled under the floor is well known. As used herein, the term “surface structure” includes all parts having a planar structure such as a floor, wall, ceiling, etc. It is not limited to “bearing wall / structural wall in wall type structure”. The surface structure referred to here is not only a plate member such as a floor plate or a wall plate, but also a surface structure including members for constructing the structure such as joists, studs, and trunk edges.

  In the conventional heating structure, the heating function unit may be constructed by sequentially placing the heat insulating material 5, the planar electric heater 4, the discarded plywood 2B, and the flooring material 1B on the floor surface (see FIG. 6). ). The edge of the heating function part is processed by the frame 6. In addition, since the heating function part is installed on the floor surface, a thin heat insulating material 5 is used in order to suppress the height of the heating function part. If the heat generation temperature of the electric heater 4 becomes too high, deterioration of the discarded plywood and the flooring material will be accelerated. Moreover, when the floor surface is 45 ° C. or higher, the risk of low-temperature burns increases rapidly.

JP-A-2005-221106 Japanese Patent No. 3872272

  A sectional view of a typical residential floor structure is shown in FIG. As shown in FIG. 5, the discarded plywood 2 </ b> A and the flooring material 1 </ b> A are laid on the joists 3 arranged at intervals of about 30 cm. When it is intended to add a heating function to the floor structure as shown in FIG. 5 later, even if it is desired to peel off the expensive flooring material 1A and reuse it, the flooring material 1A is discarded and adhered to the laminated plywood 2A. It may not be peeled off. For this reason, as FIG. 6 shows, the heat insulating material 5, the sheet-like electric heater 4, the discarded plywood 2B, and the flooring material 1B are mounted in order on the flooring material 1A, and a heating function is provided. In this way, it is necessary to further lay the waste plywood 2B and the flooring material 1B for receiving a load of furniture or the like on the electric heater 4, which increases the cost.

  In addition, as described above, when a heating function is to be added to an existing floor structure later, the heating function unit is installed on the existing floor structure, so that the floor surface is higher than the adjacent room or hallway. End up. Such a step is not desirable nowadays in an aging society where barrier-free is required. It is difficult to reduce the thickness of the discarded plywood 2B and the flooring material 1B because it is necessary to withstand the weight of the furniture and walking, and the thickness of the heat insulating material 5 is required to suppress the height of the heating function unit. The current situation is that the thickness is reduced. However, if the thickness of the heat insulating material 5 is reduced, the amount of heat generated by the electric heater 4 to the floor is increased. Therefore, in order to obtain a large amount of heat generation in a small area, the electric heater 4 having a heat generation temperature of 60 to 80 ° C. It is necessary to supplement the heat dissipation using

  However, if the heat generation temperature of the electric heater 4 is increased by 10 ° C., the chemical reaction proceeds twice as fast, and therefore the deterioration of the discarded plywood 2B and the flooring material 1B is accelerated as described above. Furthermore, as shown in FIG. 6, when heating work is performed on the floor, it takes time and effort to remove furniture in the room and return it to the original state after the work, which is an obstacle to cost reduction. Also, the residents of the room are inconvenient because they are forced to live in other places during the construction.

  In addition, as described above, a sheet electric heater having a heat generation temperature of 60 to 80 ° C. is generally used, but at this temperature, an infant who cannot suffer pain due to low temperature burns in 10 minutes to 30 minutes at the longest. Elderly people with low sensation have dangerous temperatures that can not nap. The relationship between the temperature and time at which low temperature burns occur is as follows: 46 ° C. for 1.5 hours, 45 ° C. for about 3 hours, and 44 ° C. for about 6 hours. If it is within 3 hours, there is no worry of low temperature burns.

  Furthermore, if it is set as the structure as shown in FIG. 6, there is a discarded plywood 2 </ b> A and a flooring material 1 </ b> A that receive a load also below the heating function unit. For this reason, the load such as furniture placed on the floor surface (the upper surface of the upper flooring material 1B) compresses the electric heater 4. As the electric heater 4, one having a PTC characteristic (Positive Temperature Coefficient [positive temperature coefficient] characteristic) may be used. The PTC characteristic is a characteristic in which the electrical resistance increases as the temperature rises and becomes constant when the temperature reaches an appropriate temperature. More specifically, the electrical resistance increases due to thermal expansion as the temperature rises and the internal conductive particles are separated. When the electrical resistance increases, the current decreases, so the amount of heat generation is limited, and the temperature becomes constant when stable.

  However, as described above, a load such as furniture acts on the electric heater 4. If heavy furniture or the like is placed above the electric heater 4, the thermal expansion accompanying the temperature rise is suppressed, so that the conductive particles are difficult to separate and the electric resistance is difficult to increase. As a result, the temperature is locally increased. Immediately after installation, attention should be paid such as refraining from installing heavy furniture above the electric heater 4, but if you forget to place a heavy piece of furniture for a few years after changing the pattern, that part will be localized. It becomes high temperature. Even if several temperature sensors are installed to control the temperature or use a control device that suppresses the amount of heat generated by adjusting the voltage, the risk of temperature runaway due to malfunction or failure of the control device cannot be resolved.

  On the other hand, it may be possible to attach a heating function under the floor to the floor structure as shown in FIG. This may be the case when it is easy to construct a new building or under the floor, or when the existing floor structure is rebuilt by post-renovation. 7 and 8 show a conventional construction structure when a heating function is provided under the floor.

  As shown in FIG. 7, the flooring material 1 </ b> A and the discarded plywood 2 </ b> A are supported by joists 3 arranged in parallel at intervals of about 30 cm. For this reason, the electric heater 4 is installed in the space of 26 cm between the pair of joists 3 by the double-sided adhesive tape 7 or the like on the back surface of the discarded plywood 2A. Usually, the thickness of the flooring material 1A and the discarded plywood 2A is 12 mm, and the distance between the electric heater 4 and the floor surface is 24 mm. For this reason, since the distance between the electric heater 4 and the upper surface of the floor is not so large, the heat generated by the electric heater 4 (for example, even at 45 ° C.) is efficiently transmitted to the indoor space on the floor.

  However, in the state of FIG. 7, the heat generated by the electric heater 4 is transferred to the joists 3 via the flooring material 1 </ b> A and the discarded plywood 2 </ b> A, or directly radiated downward. For this reason, a heat insulating material is arrange | positioned so that the electric heater 4 and a floor back surface may be covered from the downward direction. An example is shown in FIG.

  In the example shown in FIG. 8, the foamed polystyrene plates 9 and 10 are used as the heat insulating material. In this construction method, a foamed polystyrene plate 9 that fills the space between the joists 3 is disposed, and further, the foamed polystyrene plate 10 is fixed to the joists 3 with screws 11 from below. However, in this construction method, it takes time and effort to cut the expanded polystyrene plate 9 in accordance with the dimension between the joists 3. In addition, the total thickness of the electric heater 4 and the polystyrene foam plate 9 often does not coincide with the height of the joist 3, and a gap 12 may be formed below the joist 3.

  If such a gap 12 is formed, heat escapes through the gap 12 from the joints between the adjacent polystyrene foam plates 10 or wind enters the inside from the joints and the gap 12, and the heat insulation effect. Will fall. Alternatively, as shown in FIG. 9, a gap 13 may be formed between the electric heater 4 and the polystyrene foam plate 9. If such a gap 13 is formed, the adhesion of the electric heater 4 to the floor plate (the back surface of the discarded plywood 2A) is lowered, and the heat transfer efficiency is lowered.

  It is difficult to adjust the thickness of the polystyrene foam plate 9 in accordance with the height of the joist 3. In a narrow work space such as under the floor, work such as cutting the thickness of the foamed polystyrene plate 9 to match the height of the joist 3 is not practical, and even if it can be done, the number of work steps increases. For this reason, a structure as shown in FIG. 10 may be considered. In the structure shown in FIG. 10, a soft foam heat insulating material 14 is used instead of the foamed polystyrene plate 9 so that the gaps 12 and 13 described above are not formed. The soft foam heat insulating material 14 has elasticity, is formed of polyethylene or the like, and has a size that is thicker than the height of the joist 3. At the time of attachment, the foamed polystyrene board 10 is fixed by the screws 11 in a state where the soft foam heat insulating material 14 is somewhat compressed.

  However, in order to hold down the soft foam heat insulating material 14 in a compressed state, the fixing points of the screw 11 must be increased, and the number of construction steps increases. Moreover, since stress acts on the fixing point of the screw 11 by the elastic restoring force of the soft foam heat insulating material 14, if the foamed polystyrene plate 10 is damaged at this fixing point, the heat insulating performance is deteriorated. Moreover, when the heat generation of the electric heater 4 is repeatedly applied to the foamed polystyrene board 10 compressing the soft foamed heat insulating material 14, the foamed polystyrene board 10 is deformed, and a gap is generated, resulting in a reduction in heat insulation effect and heating efficiency. As the expanded polystyrene plate 10, one having an appropriate heat resistance is selected in consideration of the heat generation temperature of the electric heater. However, it is mounted as shown in FIG. If it receives, it will also cause a gap.

  The object of the present invention is to solve the above-described problems, to realize a stable heating efficiency, and to provide a surface structure heating structure excellent in workability and a construction method thereof.

  The surface structure heating structure for a building according to claim 1, wherein a heating function is imparted to the surface structure of the building, and the sheet-like electric heater attached to the back surface of the surface structure; And an in-situ foamed polyurethane layer that is blown and foamed from above the electric heater to the back surface of the planar structure.

  According to a second aspect of the present invention, in the surface structure heating structure according to the first aspect, the electric heater has a positive temperature coefficient characteristic (PTC [Positive Temperature Coefficient] characteristic) at which the temperature rise stops at 45 ° C. It is characterized by that.

  The invention according to claim 3 is the surface structure heating structure according to claim 1 or 2, wherein one end is located in the vicinity between the back surface of the surface structure and the electric heater, and the other end is the in-situ foaming. It is further characterized by further comprising a tube protruding outside the polyurethane layer.

  Invention of Claim 4 is the surface structure heating structure as described in any one of Claims 1-3. WHEREIN: The said surface structure is a floor, The said electric heater is arrange | positioned under the floor. It is characterized by that.

  The construction method of the building surface structure heating structure according to claim 5 is to construct a surface structure heating structure by imparting a heating function to the building surface structure, wherein the sheet-like electric heater is disposed on the surface. It is affixed on the back surface of the structure, and an in-situ foamed polyurethane layer is blown and foamed from above the electric heater to the back surface of the surface structure.

  A sixth aspect of the present invention is the construction method of the surface structure heating structure according to the fifth aspect, wherein the electric heater has a positive temperature coefficient characteristic (PTC [Positive Temperature Coefficient] characteristic) at which the temperature rise stops at 45 ° C. It is characterized in that it is constructed using what has

  The invention according to claim 7 is the construction method of the surface structure heating structure according to claim 5 or 6, wherein one end of the surface structure and the electric heater has one end prior to spraying the in-situ foamed polyurethane layer. The tube is disposed so as to be positioned in the vicinity of the tube, and after the tube is disposed, the in-situ foamed polyurethane layer is sprayed so that the other end of the tube protrudes to the outside of the in-situ foamed polyurethane layer. Yes.

  Invention of Claim 8 is the construction method of the surface structure heating structure as described in any one of Claims 5-7, The said surface structure is an existing floor, The said electric heater and the said on-site foaming It is characterized in that the polyurethane layer is constructed as an additional heating function.

  Since the surface structure heating structure for a building according to claim 1 is constructed on the back side of the surface structure, it does not have any influence on the front space. The in-situ foamed polyurethane layer, which becomes the heat insulation layer, is formed by blowing foam, so it can be formed almost without gaps regardless of the unevenness of the back and inner surfaces of the surface structure including the electric heater. Can be suppressed. Since the in-situ foamed polyurethane layer is formed by blowing and foaming, there is no need for a cutting process such as a heat insulating material panel according to the installation location, and the number of construction steps can be reduced. The thickness of the polyurethane foam layer can be easily adjusted according to the construction site, such as in cold or warm regions, and good heating efficiency can be realized. Since the in-situ foamed polyurethane layer is formed by spray foaming, construction is easy even when a large space cannot be secured as a construction space.

  According to the second aspect of the present invention, in addition to the above-described effect of the surface structure heating structure according to the first aspect, since the electric heater has PTC characteristics, a temperature sensor and a thermostat are separately provided and the temperature is increased. There is no need to control, and the installation cost can be reduced. Moreover, since temperature rise stops at 45 degreeC, it cannot become an excessively high temperature. The exothermic temperature up to 45 ° C. is sufficient because of the structure with excellent heating efficiency according to claim 1. Since it is heat_generation | fever to 45 degreeC, deterioration of a surface structure or an in-situ polyurethane foam layer can be suppressed. In addition, the electric heater is a type having PCT characteristics, but even when a load is applied from the surface of the surface structure (when the surface structure is on the floor and heavy furniture is placed on the floor, etc.) Since there is no surface to receive the load, the thermal expansion of the electric heater is not restricted, so that stable PCT characteristics are maintained.

  According to invention of Claim 3, in addition to the said effect by the surface structure heating structure of Claim 1 or 2, the air which remains slightly between an electric heater and the back surface of a surface structure is passed through a tube. By letting it escape to the back side of the surface structure, it is possible to prevent the pressure caused by the thermal expansion of the air from acting on the in-situ foamed polyurethane layer. For this reason, the fall of the heating efficiency by formation of a clearance gap can be suppressed, and peeling of the in-situ polyurethane foam layer by the repeated expansion by a pressure can be suppressed.

  According to the invention of claim 4, in addition to the above effect by the surface structure heating structure according to any one of claims 1 to 3, as described above, a step or the like is not formed on the floor surface. Barrier-free can be realized. In addition, even when a heating function is added to the existing floor (surface structure) as a post-renovation, it is possible to construct an electric heater and an in-situ foamed polyurethane layer from under the floor, thereby reducing construction costs. In addition, there is no effect on the space on the floor during construction.

  According to the construction method of the surface structure heating structure for a building according to claim 5, since it is constructed on the back side of the surface structure, there is no influence on the front side. Since the in-situ foamed polyurethane layer, which becomes the heat insulation layer, is formed by spraying foaming, it can be formed almost without gaps regardless of the irregularities on the back and inner surfaces of the surface structure including the electric heater, and the heating efficiency is reduced by the gap Can be suppressed. Since the in-situ polyurethane foam layer is formed by spraying foaming, there is no need for a cutting process such as a heat insulating material panel according to the installation location, and the number of construction steps can be reduced. The thickness of the polyurethane foam layer can be easily adjusted according to the construction site, such as in cold or warm regions, and good heating efficiency can be realized. Since the in-situ foamed polyurethane layer is formed by spray foaming, construction is easy even when a large space cannot be secured as a construction space. Since the heating function unit is not further installed on the surface structure, barrier-free operation can be realized without any step on the surface structure (particularly when the surface structure is a floor or the like).

  According to the sixth aspect of the present invention, in addition to the above-described effect of the construction method of the surface structure heating structure according to the fifth aspect, since the PTC characteristic is provided, a temperature sensor and a thermostat are separately provided and the temperature is increased. There is no need to control, and the installation cost can be reduced. Further, since the temperature rise stops at 45 ° C., overheating cannot occur. The exothermic temperature up to 45 ° C. is sufficient because of the structure with excellent heating efficiency according to claim 1. Since the heat generation is up to 45 ° C., the deterioration of the surface structure and the in-situ foamed polyurethane layer can be suppressed. In addition, although it is an electric heater having PCT characteristics, even if a load is applied from the surface of the surface structure (when the surface structure is on the floor and heavy furniture is placed on the floor, etc.), the load is applied to the opposite side. Since there is no surface, the electric heater is not crushed and stable PCT characteristics are maintained.

  According to the seventh aspect of the present invention, in addition to the above effect by the construction method for the surface structure heating structure according to the fifth or sixth aspect, the air remaining slightly between the electric heater and the back surface of the surface structure. Is allowed to escape to the back side of the surface structure through the tube, so that pressure due to thermal expansion of air due to heat is prevented from acting on the in-situ foamed polyurethane layer. For this reason, the fall of the heating efficiency by formation of a clearance gap can be suppressed, and peeling of the in-situ polyurethane foam layer by the repeated expansion by a pressure can be suppressed.

  According to invention of Claim 8, in addition to the said effect by the construction method of the surface structure heating structure as described in any one of Claims 5-7, a level | step difference etc. are formed in a floor surface as mentioned above. Therefore, barrier-free can be realized. Moreover, even when attaching a heating function part as an after-renovation with respect to the existing floor (surface structure), construction of an electric heater and an in-situ polyurethane foam layer is possible from under the floor, and construction cost can be reduced. In addition, there is no effect on the space on the floor during construction.

It is sectional drawing of one Embodiment of the surface structure heating structure of the building of this invention. It is sectional drawing explaining the internal air expansion | swelling in the structure of FIG. It is sectional drawing in the tube arrangement | positioning part in the structure of FIG. It is a disassembled perspective view which shows the other form of tube arrangement | positioning. It is sectional drawing of the common floor structure (surface structure) which does not have a heating function. It is sectional drawing of the conventional surface structure heating structure which has a heating function part on a floor. It is sectional drawing explaining the construction procedure of the surface structure heating structure which has a heating function part under a floor. It is sectional drawing of the conventional surface structure heating structure which has a heating function part under a floor. It is sectional drawing which shows the other form of the conventional surface structure heating structure which has a heating function part under a floor. It is sectional drawing which shows the further another form of the conventional surface structure heating structure which has a heating function part under a floor.

  FIG. 1 shows a cross-sectional view of an embodiment of a building surface structure heating structure of the present invention. In the present embodiment, the case where the surface structure is a floor will be described as an example, but the surface structure is not limited to the floor. However, the advantages of using the floor will be explained later. Further, the surface structure itself of the present embodiment is the same as the conventional surface structure shown in FIG. 5, and is constituted by a discarded plywood 2 </ b> A and a flooring material 1 </ b> A laid on the joists 3. For this reason, the description of the schematic structure of the surface structure is omitted. It should be noted that a detailed explanation of the details of the surface structure is added each time.

  Hereinafter, the characteristic structure of the surface structure heating structure of this embodiment is demonstrated below with the construction method. First, the sheet-like electric heater 8 is attached by the double-sided adhesive tape 7 to the back surface of the discarded laminated plywood 2 </ b> A between the pair of joists 3 of the surface structure described above. A plurality of electric heaters 8 are attached in the heating area on the floor (in this embodiment, a plurality of electric heaters 8 are provided, but there may be one). Note that the electric heater 8 may be attached to the rear surface of the discarded plywood 2 </ b> A by using something other than the double-sided adhesive tape 7. For example, the insulating film covering the electric heater 8 may be discarded and screwed to the back surface of the plywood 2A.

  The electric heater 8 is a heat generating sheet having PTC characteristics in which the temperature rise stops at 45 ° C. The heat generating portion of the electric heater 8 is configured by dispersing conductive particles such as carbon black, graphite, and metal powder in a resin such as polyethylene and arranging conductive wires at both ends. Although the heat generating part generates heat by energization, the resin thermally expands as the temperature rises, and the conductive particles that are in contact with each other are separated to increase the electrical resistance of the heat generating part. As the electrical resistance increases, the current value decreases and the amount of heat generation decreases. In the electric heater 8 of the present embodiment, the conductive wire interval, the heating portion thickness, and the blending ratio of the conductive particles are adjusted so that when the temperature reaches 45 ° C., the electric resistance suddenly increases and becomes almost insulated. .

  Since the above-described PTC characteristic of the electric heater 8 is used, the adjustment of the heat generation temperature basically requires only energization on / off. Moreover, although it is necessary to let the switch wiring of the electric heater 8 pass in the room, expensive temperature control devices such as a temperature sensor and a thermostat are not required. Note that it is easy to control the heat generation area by energizing only a part of the plurality of electric heaters 8 and de-energizing the rest. Moreover, since the electric heater 8 of this embodiment does not generate heat of 45 ° C. or higher, it can maintain a comfortable heating temperature without being overheated.

  When the heating temperature of the electric heater 8 is high (as described above, conventionally, the one having a temperature of 60 to 80 ° C. is used), the portions of the discarded plywood 2A and the flooring material 1A that are in contact with the electric heater 8 are thermally expanded. Becomes larger. On the other hand, the portion of the discarded plywood 2A and the flooring material 1A that is not in contact with the electric heater 8 does not have a large thermal expansion, and the expansion difference between the two portions is large. Deterioration due to thermal expansion difference and fatigue failure are easily promoted by repeated thermal loads on the discarded plywood 2A and flooring material 1A. However, the electric heater 8 of this embodiment stops heat generation at 45 ° C. Is prevented and such deterioration and fatigue failure are suppressed. Moreover, since the electric heater 8 of this embodiment does not have a high heat generation temperature, it consumes less power and contributes to energy saving.

  After the electric heater 8 is discarded and attached to the back surface of the laminated plywood 2A, the in-situ foamed polyurethane layer 15 is formed by blowing and foaming, and the tube 17 is disposed prior to that (see FIG. 3). At least one tube 17 is arranged for each electric heater 8. The tube 17 of the present embodiment has an inner diameter of about 5 mm, is bent and installed in an L shape, and one end of the tube 17 is disposed between the electric heater 8 and the discarded plywood 2A (inside or edge). The tube 17 is disposed so that one end thereof is in contact with the back surface of the discard plywood 2A and the other end is straightly extended downward using a fixing tool such as a staple, saddle, or tape. Fixed to the back. The tube 17 may be made of metal or resin, may hold its shape, or may have flexibility. However, it is required to be able to maintain the fixed state of the discarded plywood 2A on the back surface and to have heat resistance against the heat generated by the electric heater 8. The function of the tube 17 will be described later.

  After disposing the tube 17, the material of the in-situ foamed polyurethane layer 15 is sprayed and foamed on site to form a heat insulating material layer. An existing spray gun can be used for spraying. When the two liquids as raw materials are stirred and mixed by a spray gun and blown by air pressure and applied to the spraying surface, the applied material is foamed and solidified after spraying to form the in-situ foamed polyurethane layer 15. It is also possible to perform spraying using a spray gun that stirs and mixes the two liquids as raw materials and sprays “mixing air”. However, when the airless type spray gun is used, there is less loss that the coated material scatters around, and the air pressure is low and the coated surface is easy to finish. In the case of a spray gun that sprays “while mixing air”, there was a tendency for the applied material to scatter slightly.

  In the heating structure installed as described above, a small amount of air remains between the electric heater 8 and the discarded plywood 2A. The air expands as shown in FIG. 2 due to heat generated by the electric heater 8 to form a gap 16 (in FIG. 2, the expanded state is exaggerated for easy understanding). Note that the air layer in the gap 16 serves as a heat insulating material to prevent heat transfer from the electric heater 18 to the room. Since the in-situ foamed polyurethane layer 15 is formed without a gap, the expanded air has no escape space in the state of FIG. 2 and deforms the in-situ foamed polyurethane layer 15. If there is even a gap in the joint between the discarded plywood 2A and the flooring material 1A, the expansion air escapes from this portion, but construction is performed without leaving a slight gap on the floor surface from the viewpoint of high airtightness and high heat insulation. In addition, in order to prevent the squeaking noise of the floor board or to prevent the liquid spilled on the floor from penetrating into the floor, a gap is formed in the joist 3 by discarding the laminated plywood 2A and the flooring material 1A using a bond or a silicone caulking agent. Fix it so that it does not occur. For this reason, it will be in a state like FIG.

  The amount of air that thermally expands is small, and a small hole that penetrates the flooring material 1A and the discarding plywood 2A is provided before the electric heater 8 is installed, and an air passage is provided so that the electric heater 8 and the discarding tension are provided. The air remaining between the plywood 2A can escape the volume of air expanded as the temperature of the electric heater 8 rises, no pressure is generated, and the in-situ foamed polyurethane layer 15 is not pushed off. However, there was also a risk that water spilled on the floor penetrated into the electric heater 8 and its electric wire connecting portion through this hole and caused a leakage accident.

  When such expansion is repeatedly generated, the pressure generated by the thermal expansion of air causes a force of (pressure) × (area) to act on the in-situ foamed polyurethane layer 15 and the in-situ foamed polyurethane layer 15 is peeled off. Although it is conceivable to increase the thickness of the in-situ foamed polyurethane layer 15 so that it does not deform even if air expansion occurs, the thickness of the in-situ foamed polyurethane layer 15 may be determined in consideration of the heat insulating performance. Necessary for heating efficiency. For this reason, in this embodiment, the tube 17 mentioned above is attached. When pressure due to air expansion due to heat as shown in FIG. 2 is generated, the pressure due to the internal air expanded through the tube 17 can be released to the outside of the in-situ foamed polyurethane layer 15. Deformation can be prevented. By using the tube 17, it is possible to reliably prevent the in-situ foamed polyurethane layer 15 from being peeled off, and to form the in-situ foamed polyurethane layer 15 having an appropriate thickness in terms of heating efficiency.

  In addition, it is necessary to also lead out the conducting wire 18 to the electric heater 4 from the inside of the in-situ foamed polyurethane layer 15 to the outside. Therefore, as shown in FIG. 4, the conductor 18 may be taken out of the in-situ foamed polyurethane layer 15 through the inside of the tube. If it does in this way, what is derived | led-out from the inside of the in-situ foaming polyurethane layer 15 will be put together. Moreover, the repeated stress load to the conducting wire 18 due to the repeated heat load can also be suppressed. In the case of FIG. 4, the inner diameter of the tube 17 is determined in consideration of the outer diameter of the conducting wire 18.

  In order to quantitatively show the effect of the above-described embodiment, a comparison with the conventional heating structure shown in FIG. 6 was performed. Specifically, the ratio of heat dissipation loss of the electric heaters 4 and 8 was calculated.

First, regarding the conventional heating structure of FIG. 6, the following numerical values were used.
Flooring material 1A, 2A thickness, thermal conductivity: 12 mm, 0.16 W / (m · K)
Thickness of discarded plywood 2A, 2B, thermal conductivity: 12mm, 0.16W / (m · K)
Thickness of heat insulating material 5, thermal conductivity: 6 mm, 0.035 W / (m · K)
Heat generation temperature of the electric heater 4: 60-80 (average 70) ° C

The amount of heat per unit area used for heating under the conditions that the heating temperature of the electric heater 4 is 70 ° C., the room temperature is 20 ° C., and the outside air temperature is 10 ° C., per unit area radiated to the outside air The amount of heat is shown in equation (2).
(1): (70-20) × 0.16 / (0.012 + 0.012) = 333.3 [W / m ² ]
(2): (70-10) / ((0.012 + 0.012) /0.16+0.006/0.035) = 186.7 [W / m ² ]

  The amount of heat per unit area used for indoor heating is (333.3 / (333.3 + 186.7)) = 64%, and 36% is a heat loss to the outside air under the floor.

On the other hand, although it is about the heating structure of the said embodiment of FIG. 1, each following numerical value was used.
Flooring material 1A, 2A thickness, thermal conductivity: 12 mm, 0.16 W / (m · K)
In-situ foamed polyurethane layer 15 thickness, thermal conductivity: 50 mm, 0.035 W / (m · K)
Heat generation temperature of electric heater 8: 45 ° C

The amount of heat per unit area used for heating under the conditions of the heating temperature of the electric heater 8 = 45 ° C., the room temperature = 20 ° C., and the under-floor outside air temperature = 10 ° C. per unit area radiated to the under-floor outside air The amount of heat is shown in equation (4).
(3): (45-20) × 0.16 / (0.012 + 0.012) = 166.7 [W / m ² ]
(4): (45-10) × 0.035 / 0.050 = 24.5 [W / m ² ]

  The amount of heat per unit area used for room heating is (166.7 / (166.7 + 24.5)) = 87% of the whole, and 13% is a heat radiation loss to the outside air under the floor. In the heating structure of the present embodiment, the rate of heat dissipation loss is reduced and the heating efficiency is improved as compared with the conventional heating structure of FIG. 6 described above. In addition, since the heat generation temperature itself of the electric heater 8 is also lowered, the absolute energy consumption itself is also reduced.

  In the above embodiment, the case where the surface structure is a floor has been described as an example. However, the surface structure is not limited to the floor, and may be a side wall or a ceiling. However, when the surface structure is a floor, there is often a space below the floor, and the above construction can be easily performed without dismantling a part of the building. In particular, even when a heating function is added to the existing floor as a post-renovation, construction is performed without disassembling part of the building and without moving the fittings inside the building (room). be able to. Installation of the operation panel (switch) of the heating function unit in the room and wiring to the operation panel are necessary, but it can be basically performed without affecting the inside of the building.

  The surface structure heating structure of the present invention is assembled to a surface structure such as a floor, wall, or ceiling of a building and can be used when heating the inside of the building. Moreover, the construction method of the surface structure heating structure of this invention can be utilized for construction of the heating structure mentioned above.

1A, 1B Flooring material (surface structure)
2A, 2B Discarded plywood (surface structure)
3 joist (plane structure)
4,8 Electric heater 5 Insulation (sheet)
6 Frame 7 Adhesive tape 9,10 Heat insulation material (Styrofoam panel)
11 Screw 12, 13, 16 Clearance 14 Soft foam insulation (polyethylene)
15 On-site polyurethane foam layer 17 Tube 18 Conductor

Claims (8)

In the surface structure heating structure by giving a heating function to the surface structure of the building,
A sheet-like electric heater attached to the back surface of the surface structure;
An in-situ foamed polyurethane layer that is blown and foamed from above the electric heater against the back surface of the surface structure.   2. The surface structure heating structure for a building according to claim 1, wherein the electric heater has a positive temperature coefficient characteristic in which the temperature rise stops at 45 ° C.   The tube according to claim 1, further comprising: a tube having one end positioned in the vicinity between the back surface of the surface structure and the electric heater, and the other end protruding outside the in-situ foamed polyurethane layer. 2. A surface structure heating structure of a building according to 2.   The surface structure heating structure for a building according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the surface structure is a floor, and the electric heater is disposed below the floor. In the construction method of the surface structure heating structure, which provides a heating function to the surface structure of the building to construct the surface structure heating structure,
A sheet-like electric heater is attached to the back surface of the surface structure,
A construction method of a surface structure heating structure for a building, wherein an in-situ foamed polyurethane layer is blown and foamed from above the electric heater to the back surface of the surface structure.   The construction of the surface structure heating structure for a building according to claim 5, wherein the construction is performed using the electric heater having a positive temperature coefficient characteristic that stops temperature rise at 45 ° C. Method. Prior to spraying the in-situ foamed polyurethane layer, the tube is arranged so that one end is located in the vicinity between the back surface of the surface structure and the electric heater,
The surface structure of a building according to claim 5 or 6, wherein after the placement of the tube, the in-situ foamed polyurethane layer is sprayed so that the other end of the tube protrudes outside the in-situ foamed polyurethane layer. Construction method of body heating structure.   The building according to any one of claims 5 to 7, wherein the surface structure is an existing floor, and the electric heater and the in-situ foamed polyurethane layer are constructed as an additional heating function by post-renovation. Construction method for surface heating structure of objects.

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