JP2011015547A - Power device and method for driving the same - Google Patents

Power device and method for driving the same Download PDF

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JP2011015547A
JP2011015547A JP2009157958A JP2009157958A JP2011015547A JP 2011015547 A JP2011015547 A JP 2011015547A JP 2009157958 A JP2009157958 A JP 2009157958A JP 2009157958 A JP2009157958 A JP 2009157958A JP 2011015547 A JP2011015547 A JP 2011015547A
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secondary battery
power
fuel cell
external electronic
electronic device
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Hideaki Tanaka
秀明 田中
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Toshiba Corp
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    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
    • Y02E60/50—Fuel cells

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a power device for being miniaturized without lowering an output and a method for driving the power device.SOLUTION: The power device 100 includes an output terminal for connecting external electronic equipment 200, a secondary battery 106 supplying the external electronic equipment 200 with a power through the output terminal, and a fuel battery 102 charging the secondary battery 106 while supplying the external electronic equipment 200 with the power. The power device further includes a control means 104 supplying the external electronic equipment 200 with the power from at least one of the fuel battery 102 and the secondary battery 106 when the charging capacity of the secondary battery 106 is higher than or equal to a first value C-high and stopping power supply to the external electronic equipment 200 when the charging capacity of the secondary battery 106 is lower than or equal to a second value C-low.

Description

本発明は電源装置および電源装置の駆動方法に関し、特に、燃料電池と二次電池とを備えた電源装置およびその駆動方法に関する。   The present invention relates to a power supply device and a driving method of the power supply device, and more particularly to a power supply device including a fuel cell and a secondary battery and a driving method thereof.

近年、燃料電池、二次電池等の蓄電手段の高電圧、高エネルギー密度の実現が可能となり、携帯型電子機器等の電源として注目されている。燃料電池は、燃料を供給することにより、電力を出力することができる。そのため、屋外での使用が想定される電子機器や、電力の周波数等が異なる国や地域での使用が想定される電子機器の電源として、燃料電池が注目されている。   In recent years, it has become possible to achieve high voltage and high energy density of power storage means such as fuel cells and secondary batteries, and has attracted attention as a power source for portable electronic devices and the like. The fuel cell can output electric power by supplying fuel. For this reason, fuel cells are attracting attention as power sources for electronic devices that are expected to be used outdoors and electronic devices that are expected to be used in countries or regions with different power frequencies.

例えば、直接メタノール燃料電池（DMFC : Direct Methanol Fuel Cell）は、エネルギー密度の高いメタノールを燃料に用い、メタノールから電極触媒上で直接電流を取り出す方式を採用した比較的安全性の高い燃料電池であって、電子機器の電源として搭載することが検討されている。   For example, a direct methanol fuel cell (DMFC) is a relatively safe fuel cell that uses methanol with high energy density as the fuel and directly draws current from the methanol on the electrode catalyst. Therefore, mounting as a power source for electronic devices is being studied.

従来、二次電池あるいは燃料電池によって構成されたバッテリを制御する制御装置であって、バッテリから間欠的に電力を供給することによって、平滑化して給電する制御装置が提案されている（特許文献１参照）。   2. Description of the Related Art Conventionally, there has been proposed a control device that controls a battery constituted by a secondary battery or a fuel cell, and smoothes and supplies power by intermittently supplying power from the battery (Patent Document 1). reference).

特開２００１−３１４０４３号公報JP 2001-314043 A

しかし、燃料電池を電源として用いる場合には、電子機器の最大消費電を出力可能なサイズの燃料電池が必要となるため、燃料電池を小さくすることが難しく、電子機器を小型化することが困難であった。また、燃料電池の製造に用いられる白金等の材料の使用量が多くなるため、燃料電池の製造コストを低減させることが困難であった。   However, when a fuel cell is used as a power source, a fuel cell having a size that can output the maximum power consumption of the electronic device is required. Therefore, it is difficult to reduce the size of the fuel cell and to reduce the size of the electronic device. Met. In addition, since the amount of materials such as platinum used for manufacturing the fuel cell is increased, it is difficult to reduce the manufacturing cost of the fuel cell.

本発明は、上記事情に鑑みて成されたものであって、出力を低下させることなく小型化可能な電源装置および電源装置の駆動方法を提供することを目的とする。   The present invention has been made in view of the above circumstances, and an object of the present invention is to provide a power supply device and a driving method of the power supply device that can be reduced in size without reducing output.

本発明の第１態様による電源装置は、外部電子機器を接続可能な出力端子と、前記出力端子を介して前記外部電子機器に電力を供給する二次電池と、前記二次電池を充電するとともに、前記外部電子機器に電力を供給する燃料電池と、前記二次電池の充電電力が第１の値以上であれば、前記燃料電池および前記二次電池の少なくとも一方からの電力を前記外部電子機器に供給し、前記二次電池の充電電力が第２の値以下となれば、前記外部電子機器への電力供給を停止する制御手段を備える電源装置である。   The power supply apparatus according to the first aspect of the present invention includes an output terminal to which an external electronic device can be connected, a secondary battery that supplies power to the external electronic device through the output terminal, and charging the secondary battery. If the charging power of the fuel cell for supplying power to the external electronic device and the secondary battery is equal to or higher than a first value, power from at least one of the fuel cell and the secondary battery is supplied to the external electronic device. When the charging power of the secondary battery is equal to or lower than a second value, the power supply device includes a control unit that stops power supply to the external electronic device.

本発明の第２態様による電源装置の駆動方法は、外部電子機器を接続する出力端子と、前記出力端子を介して前記外部電子機器に電力を供給可能な二次電池と、前記二次電池と前記外部電子機器とに電力を供給可能な燃料電池と、前記出力端子と、前記燃料電池および前記二次電池と、の間に配置されたスイッチと、前記二次電池、前記燃料電池、および前記スイッチの動作を制御する制御手段と、を備えた電源装置の駆動方法であって、前記燃料電池で発電した電力を前記二次電池に充電し、前記二次電池の充電容量が第１の値以上となったときに、前記スイッチを導通させて前記燃料電池および前記二次電池のうち、何れか少なくとも一方からの電力を前記外部電子機器に供給し、前記二次電池の残容量が第２の値以下になったときに、前記スイッチを開いて前記外部電子機器への電力供給を停止する電源装置の駆動方法である。   The driving method of the power supply device according to the second aspect of the present invention includes an output terminal for connecting an external electronic device, a secondary battery capable of supplying power to the external electronic device via the output terminal, and the secondary battery. A fuel cell capable of supplying power to the external electronic device; the output terminal; a switch disposed between the fuel cell and the secondary battery; the secondary battery; the fuel cell; And a control means for controlling the operation of the switch, wherein the power generated by the fuel cell is charged into the secondary battery, and the charge capacity of the secondary battery is a first value. When this occurs, the switch is turned on to supply power from at least one of the fuel cell and the secondary battery to the external electronic device, and the remaining capacity of the secondary battery is the second. When the value falls below Open the serial switch is a driving method of a power supply device stops the power supply to the external electronic device.

本発明によれば、出力を低下させることなく小型化可能な電源装置および電源装置の駆動方法を提供することを目的とする。   An object of the present invention is to provide a power supply device and a driving method of the power supply device that can be reduced in size without lowering the output.

本発明の一実施形態に係る電源装置と、その電源装置から電力供給される電子機器との一構成例を説明するための図である。It is a figure for demonstrating one structural example of the power supply device which concerns on one Embodiment of this invention, and the electronic device which is supplied with electric power from the power supply device. 図１に示す電源装置の一構成例を説明するための図である。It is a figure for demonstrating the example of 1 structure of the power supply device shown in FIG. 図１に示す電源装置の動作の一例を説明するための図である。It is a figure for demonstrating an example of operation | movement of the power supply device shown in FIG.

以下、本発明の一実施形態に係る電源装置について、図面を参照して説明する。本実施形態に係る電源装置は、二次電池と、外部電子機器を接続可能な出力端子（図示せず）と、二次電池と外部電子機器とに電力を供給する燃料電池と、出力端子と、燃料電池および二次電池と、の間に配置されたスイッチ手段と、二次電池、燃料電池、およびスイッチ手段の動作を制御する制御手段と、を備えている。   Hereinafter, a power supply device according to an embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings. The power supply device according to the present embodiment includes a secondary battery, an output terminal (not shown) that can connect an external electronic device, a fuel cell that supplies power to the secondary battery and the external electronic device, an output terminal, , A switch means disposed between the fuel cell and the secondary battery, and a control means for controlling operations of the secondary battery, the fuel cell, and the switch means.

制御手段は、燃料電池で発電した電力を二次電池に充電し、二次電池に所定の電力が充電された時点で、スイッチ手段を導通させて燃料電池および／または二次電池から外部電子機器に電力を供給し、二次電池の残容量が一定量以下になった時に、スイッチ手段を開いて外部電子機器への電力供給を停止する充電専用回路を備えている。   The control means charges the power generated by the fuel cell to the secondary battery, and when the secondary battery is charged with predetermined power, the control means is turned on to connect the external electronic device from the fuel cell and / or the secondary battery. When the remaining capacity of the secondary battery becomes equal to or less than a certain amount, a dedicated charging circuit is provided to open the switch means and stop the power supply to the external electronic device.

図１に示すように、本実施形態に係る電源装置１００は、例えばパーソナルコンピュータ（ＰＣ）等の外部電子機器に電源電力を供給する電源装置である。図１および図２に示すように、電源装置１００は、燃料電池１０２と、充電専用回路１０４と、二次電池１０６と、燃料電池１０２、充電専用回路１０４および二次電池１０６を収容する外部筐体１１０を、を備えている。   As shown in FIG. 1, the power supply apparatus 100 according to the present embodiment is a power supply apparatus that supplies power to an external electronic device such as a personal computer (PC). As shown in FIGS. 1 and 2, the power supply device 100 includes a fuel cell 102, a dedicated charging circuit 104, a secondary battery 106, and an external housing that houses the fuel cell 102, the dedicated charging circuit 104, and the secondary battery 106. A body 110 is provided.

燃料電池１０２は、燃料極（図示せず）と空気極（図示せず）と燃料極と空気極との間に挟持された電解質膜（図示せず）とを備えている。本実施形態に係る電源装置１００の燃料電池１０２は、例えば直接メタノール方式の燃料電池（ＤＭＦＣ）を含み、燃料電池１０２の近傍には、メタノール燃料を収納するための燃料カートリッジ１０２Ｔが配置されている。   The fuel cell 102 includes a fuel electrode (not shown), an air electrode (not shown), and an electrolyte membrane (not shown) sandwiched between the fuel electrode and the air electrode. The fuel cell 102 of the power supply apparatus 100 according to the present embodiment includes, for example, a direct methanol fuel cell (DMFC), and a fuel cartridge 102T for storing methanol fuel is disposed in the vicinity of the fuel cell 102. .

燃料カートリッジ１０２Ｔから排出されたメタノール燃料は、例えばポンプ等の送液手段によって燃料電池１０２の燃料極に供給される、あるいは、燃料電池１０２内の燃料収容部を介して燃料極に供給される。   The methanol fuel discharged from the fuel cartridge 102T is supplied to the fuel electrode of the fuel cell 102 by liquid feeding means such as a pump, or is supplied to the fuel electrode via the fuel storage portion in the fuel cell 102.

燃料電池１０２から出力された電力は、二次電池１０６、および／または、スイッチ手段１０８を介して外部電子機器の二次電池モジュール２００に供給可能である。燃料電池１０２の出力端子と充電専用回路１０４の入力端子との間には、ダイオードＤ１が配置されている。燃料電池１０２の出力端子とスイッチ手段１０８との間にはダイオードＤ２が配置されている。ダイオードＤ１およびダイオードＤ２によって、燃料電池１０２から出力された電力が整流される。   The electric power output from the fuel cell 102 can be supplied to the secondary battery module 200 of the external electronic device via the secondary battery 106 and / or the switch means 108. A diode D <b> 1 is disposed between the output terminal of the fuel cell 102 and the input terminal of the dedicated charging circuit 104. A diode D2 is disposed between the output terminal of the fuel cell 102 and the switch means. The power output from the fuel cell 102 is rectified by the diode D1 and the diode D2.

二次電池１０６は、例えばリチウムイオン電池やニッケル水素電池等の二次電池であって、二次電池１０６には充電専用回路１０４を介して燃料電池１０２から出力された電力が供給されるとともに、スイッチ手段１０８を介して二次電池モジュール２００へ給電を行なう。二次電池１０６は、１つの二次電池セル（図示せず）を備えていてもよく、直列あるいは並列に接続された複数の二次電池セル（図示せず）を備えていてもよい。   The secondary battery 106 is, for example, a secondary battery such as a lithium ion battery or a nickel metal hydride battery, and the secondary battery 106 is supplied with power output from the fuel cell 102 via the dedicated charging circuit 104. Power is supplied to the secondary battery module 200 via the switch means 108. The secondary battery 106 may include one secondary battery cell (not shown), or may include a plurality of secondary battery cells (not shown) connected in series or in parallel.

充電専用回路１０４は、燃料電池１０２、二次電池１０６、およびスイッチ手段１０８の動作を制御する。充電専用回路１０４は、スイッチ手段１０８の動作を制御して、電源装置１００から二次電池モジュール２００への電力出力をオン／オフする。   The dedicated charging circuit 104 controls the operation of the fuel cell 102, the secondary battery 106, and the switch means 108. The dedicated charging circuit 104 controls the operation of the switch unit 108 to turn on / off the power output from the power supply apparatus 100 to the secondary battery module 200.

充電専用回路１０４は、燃料電池１０２で発電した電力を二次電池１０６に供給して二次電池１０６を充電し、二次電池１０６が所定の容量C-high（第１の値）まで充電された時点で、スイッチ手段１０８を導通させて（閉じて）燃料電池１０２と二次電池１０６とから二次電池モジュール２００に電力を供給（給電）するように構成されている。   The dedicated charging circuit 104 supplies the power generated by the fuel cell 102 to the secondary battery 106 to charge the secondary battery 106, and the secondary battery 106 is charged to a predetermined capacity C-high (first value). At this point, the switch means 108 is turned on (closed) to supply power to the secondary battery module 200 from the fuel cell 102 and the secondary battery 106 (power supply).

充電専用回路１０４は、電源装置１００から二次電池モジュール２００へ給電中に、二次電池１０６の残容量が一定量C-low（第２の値）以下になった時に、スイッチ手段１０８を開いて、二次電池モジュール２００への電力供給（給電）を停止するように構成されている。   The dedicated charging circuit 104 opens the switch means 108 when the remaining capacity of the secondary battery 106 falls below a certain amount C-low (second value) during power feeding from the power supply device 100 to the secondary battery module 200. Thus, the power supply (power feeding) to the secondary battery module 200 is stopped.

さらに、充電専用回路１０４は、燃料電池１０２から二次電池モジュール２００へ給電するとともに、余剰の電力を二次電池１０６に供給して二次電池１０６を充電することが可能に構成されている。したがって、燃料電池１０２から出力される電力が、二次電池モジュール２００で使用される電力よりも大きい場合には、二次電池モジュール２００への給電と二次電池１０６の充電とを併せて行なうことができる。   Further, the dedicated charging circuit 104 is configured to supply power from the fuel cell 102 to the secondary battery module 200 and to supply surplus power to the secondary battery 106 to charge the secondary battery 106. Therefore, when the electric power output from the fuel cell 102 is larger than the electric power used in the secondary battery module 200, the power supply to the secondary battery module 200 and the charging of the secondary battery 106 are performed together. Can do.

外部筐体１１０は、外部電源から二次電池１０６に電力を供給するための充電ポート１１０Ａと、外部電子機器に電力を供給するための出力電源ケーブル用コネクタ１１０Ｂ、電源装置１００の状態をモニタしたり、外部情報機器により燃料電池１０２の状態を省電力制御したりするための情報機器通信ポート１１０Ｃ、例えば携帯電話等の５Ｖ充電が必要な情報機器用の外部充電用ポート１１０Ｄ、および、燃料電池１０２から排出されたガスを排出する排気口１１０Ｗを備えている。また、外部筐体１１０には、電源装置１００を起動あるいは停止させるための電源スイッチＳＷが設けられている。   The external housing 110 monitors the state of the charging port 110A for supplying power to the secondary battery 106 from the external power source, the output power cable connector 110B for supplying power to the external electronic device, and the power supply device 100. Or an information device communication port 110C for power saving control of the state of the fuel cell 102 by an external information device, for example, an external charging port 110D for an information device that requires 5V charging, such as a mobile phone, and a fuel cell An exhaust port 110 </ b> W for discharging the gas discharged from 102 is provided. In addition, the external casing 110 is provided with a power switch SW for starting or stopping the power supply device 100.

例えば、二次電池１０６の充電量が所定値以下あるいはゼロの場合には、電源装置１００を起動することができない。このときには、充電ポート１１０Ａから外部電源が接続され、外部電源から二次電池１０６に電力が供給される。   For example, when the charge amount of the secondary battery 106 is equal to or less than a predetermined value or zero, the power supply device 100 cannot be activated. At this time, an external power source is connected from the charging port 110A, and power is supplied to the secondary battery 106 from the external power source.

また、外部筐体１１０には、電源装置１００の状態をユーザに通知するための表示装置が設けられている。本実施形態では、電源装置１００は表示装置として複数のＬＥＤ（Light Emitting Diode）１００Ｌを備えている。また、電源装置１００は、表示装置に電源装置１００の状態を表示させる表示手段をさらに備えている。本実施形態では、充電専用回路１０４は、複数のＬＥＤ１００Ｌの動作を制御して、電源装置１００の状態に応じて点灯あるいは消灯させる表示手段を備えている。   The external housing 110 is provided with a display device for notifying the user of the state of the power supply device 100. In the present embodiment, the power supply device 100 includes a plurality of LEDs (Light Emitting Diodes) 100L as a display device. The power supply device 100 further includes display means for displaying the state of the power supply device 100 on the display device. In the present embodiment, the charge-only circuit 104 includes a display unit that controls the operation of the plurality of LEDs 100 </ b> L and turns on or off according to the state of the power supply device 100.

複数のＬＥＤ１００Ｌは、例えば複数色のＬＥＤを含み、充電専用回路１０４は電源装置１００の状態に対応して各色のＬＥＤ１００Ｌを点灯させたり、所定のタイミングで点滅させたりして、ユーザに電源装置１００の状態をユーザに通知する。   The plurality of LEDs 100L include, for example, LEDs of a plurality of colors, and the dedicated charging circuit 104 turns on the LEDs 100L of each color corresponding to the state of the power supply device 100 or blinks them at a predetermined timing, thereby allowing the user to supply the power supply device 100. Notify the user of the status.

二次電池モジュール２００は、二次電池２０５と、充電専用回路２０４と、充電専用回路２０４と電源装置１００からの電力入力端子との間に配置されたスイッチ手段２０２と、二次電池２０５と外部電子機器の駆動手段（図示せず）との間に配置されたスイッチ手段２０６とを備えている。充電専用回路２０４は、二次電池２０５と、スイッチ手段２０２と、スイッチ手段２０６との動作を制御する。スイッチ手段２０２の前段には、ダイオードＤ４が配置されている。スイッチ手段２０２およびスイッチ手段２０６には、ダイオードがバイアス接続されている。   The secondary battery module 200 includes a secondary battery 205, a dedicated charging circuit 204, switch means 202 disposed between the dedicated charging circuit 204 and the power input terminal from the power supply device 100, the secondary battery 205, and the external And switch means 206 disposed between the drive means (not shown) of the electronic device. The dedicated charging circuit 204 controls operations of the secondary battery 205, the switch unit 202, and the switch unit 206. A diode D4 is disposed in front of the switch means 202. A diode is bias-connected to the switch unit 202 and the switch unit 206.

電源装置１００から供給された電力は、スイッチ手段２０２および充電専用回路２０４を介して二次電池２０５に供給される、あるいは、スイッチ手段２０２を介して外部電子機器の駆動手段に供給される。   The electric power supplied from the power supply apparatus 100 is supplied to the secondary battery 205 via the switch unit 202 and the dedicated charging circuit 204 or is supplied to the drive unit of the external electronic device via the switch unit 202.

次に、本実施形態に係る電源装置１００の動作の一例について図面を参照して説明する。本実施形態に係る電源装置１００では、燃料電池１０２で発電した電力を二次電池１０６に充電し、二次電池１０６に所定の電力が充電された時点で、スイッチ手段１０８を導通させて燃料電池１０２と二次電池１０６とからパーソナルコンピュータ等の外部電子機器に電力を供給し、二次電池１０６の残容量が一定量以下になった時に、スイッチ手段１０８を開いて外部電子機器への電力供給を停止する。   Next, an example of the operation of the power supply apparatus 100 according to the present embodiment will be described with reference to the drawings. In the power supply device 100 according to the present embodiment, the power generated by the fuel cell 102 is charged into the secondary battery 106, and when the secondary battery 106 is charged with predetermined power, the switch means 108 is turned on to turn on the fuel cell. 102 and the secondary battery 106 supply power to an external electronic device such as a personal computer. When the remaining capacity of the secondary battery 106 becomes a certain amount or less, the switch means 108 is opened to supply power to the external electronic device. To stop.

すなわち、図３に示すように、ユーザが電源スイッチＳＷを操作することによって、電源装置１００が起動され、スタンバイ（standby）状態となる。なお、スタンバイ状態とは、燃料電池１０２の定格電源での運転開始前および定格電源での運転停止後の、ウオーミング状態である。   That is, as shown in FIG. 3, when the user operates the power switch SW, the power supply device 100 is activated and enters a standby state. The standby state is a warming state before starting operation of the fuel cell 102 with the rated power source and after stopping operation with the rated power source.

スタンバイ状態が解除されると、充電専用回路１０４は、燃料電池１０２での発電電力により、二次電池１０６の充電を開始する。このとき、パーソナルコンピュータは、二次電池モジュール２００の二次電池２０５に蓄積された電力により駆動されている。   When the standby state is released, the dedicated charging circuit 104 starts charging the secondary battery 106 with the power generated by the fuel cell 102. At this time, the personal computer is driven by the electric power stored in the secondary battery 205 of the secondary battery module 200.

二次電池１０６の充電容量が所定値C-high（第１の値）に到達すると、充電専用回路１０４はスイッチ手段１０８を導通させ、燃料電池１０２および二次電池１０６から二次電池モジュール２００へ給電を開始する。ここで、充電専用回路１０４は、二次電池１０６の電圧値および電流値を測定して、二次電池１０６の充電容量を検出する。   When the charging capacity of the secondary battery 106 reaches a predetermined value C-high (first value), the dedicated charging circuit 104 causes the switch means 108 to conduct, and the fuel cell 102 and the secondary battery 106 to the secondary battery module 200. Start feeding. Here, the dedicated charging circuit 104 measures the voltage value and current value of the secondary battery 106 and detects the charge capacity of the secondary battery 106.

電源装置１００は、二次電池１０６の充電容量を確認する確認手段（図示せず）を更に具備している。充電専用回路１０４は、確認手段に二次電池１０６の充電容量を確認させて、確認された結果を取得する。   The power supply apparatus 100 further includes confirmation means (not shown) for confirming the charging capacity of the secondary battery 106. The dedicated charging circuit 104 causes the confirmation unit to confirm the charge capacity of the secondary battery 106 and obtains the confirmed result.

このとき、パーソナルコンピュータ等の外部電子機器は電源装置１００から供給される電力により駆動されている。外部電子機器（ＰＣ）での負荷が、燃料電池１０２での発電電力よりも大きい場合、充電専用回路１０４は、二次電池１０６の放電電力と燃料電池１０２での発電電力との両方で給電させる。   At this time, an external electronic device such as a personal computer is driven by power supplied from the power supply device 100. When the load on the external electronic device (PC) is larger than the generated power in the fuel cell 102, the charge-only circuit 104 supplies power using both the discharged power of the secondary battery 106 and the generated power in the fuel cell 102. .

外部電子機器（ＰＣ）での負荷が、燃料電池１０２での発電電力よりも小さい場合、充電専用回路１０４は、外部電子機器（ＰＣ）で使用される電力のみを給電し、燃料電池１０２における発電電力のうちで二次電池モジュール２００に供給されない余剰の電力によって二次電池１０６を充電する。   When the load on the external electronic device (PC) is smaller than the generated power in the fuel cell 102, the charge-only circuit 104 supplies only the power used in the external electronic device (PC) and generates power in the fuel cell 102. The secondary battery 106 is charged with surplus power that is not supplied to the secondary battery module 200 among the power.

すなわち、充電専用回路１０４は、外部電子機器（ＰＣ）の負荷が燃料電池１０２における発電電力よりも大きいか否かを判別する判別手段（図示せず）と、この判別手段によって外部電子機器（ＰＣ）の負荷が燃料電池１０２における発電電力よりも大きいと判別された場合に、燃料電池１０２と二次電池１０６とから外部電子機器へ電力を供給する手段と、判別手段によって外部電子機器（ＰＣ）の負荷が燃料電池１０２における発電電力よりも小さいと判別された場合に、燃料電池１０２における発電電力の一部（余剰分）により二次電池１０６を充電させる手段と、を備えている。   That is, the dedicated charging circuit 104 includes a determining unit (not shown) that determines whether or not the load of the external electronic device (PC) is larger than the generated power in the fuel cell 102, and the external electronic device (PC) by this determining unit. ) Is larger than the generated power in the fuel cell 102, a means for supplying power from the fuel cell 102 and the secondary battery 106 to the external electronic device, and an external electronic device (PC) by the discrimination means Means for charging the secondary battery 106 with a part (surplus) of the generated power in the fuel cell 102 when it is determined that the load is smaller than the generated power in the fuel cell 102.

なお、外部電子機器（ＰＣ）の負荷の大きさについて、予め充電専用回路１０４内で設定されていてもよい。その場合には、電源装置１００は、電源装置１００および／または外部電子機器（ＰＣ）の運転状況に応じて外部電子機器（ＰＣ）の負荷の大きさを判別し、外部電子機器（ＰＣ）の負荷に対応した給電方法に切り替える。   Note that the magnitude of the load on the external electronic device (PC) may be set in advance in the dedicated charging circuit 104. In this case, the power supply device 100 determines the load size of the external electronic device (PC) according to the operation status of the power supply device 100 and / or the external electronic device (PC), and the external electronic device (PC) Switch to a power supply method corresponding to the load.

また、電源装置１００から二次電池モジュール２００への給電時に、供給された電力全てが外部電子機器（ＰＣ）で用いられない場合、充電専用回路２０４は、余剰の電力により二次電池２０５を充電することもできる。また、外部電子機器（ＰＣ）の駆動電力が外部電源（図示せず）から供給されている場合には、充電専用回路２０４は、電源装置１００からの給電電力を二次電池２０５にのみ供給して二次電池２０５を充電することもできる。   In addition, when all the supplied power is not used in the external electronic device (PC) when power is supplied from the power supply apparatus 100 to the secondary battery module 200, the charging dedicated circuit 204 charges the secondary battery 205 with surplus power. You can also In addition, when the driving power of the external electronic device (PC) is supplied from an external power source (not shown), the dedicated charging circuit 204 supplies the power supplied from the power supply device 100 only to the secondary battery 205. The secondary battery 205 can also be charged.

二次電池１０６の残容量が所定値C-low（第２の値）以下となると、充電専用回路１０４は、スイッチ手段１０８を開いて二次電池モジュール２００への給電を停止するとともに、二次電池１０６の充電を開始する。このとき、外部電子機器（ＰＣ）の駆動部には、二次電池２０５から電力が供給される。   When the remaining capacity of the secondary battery 106 becomes equal to or less than the predetermined value C-low (second value), the charge-only circuit 104 opens the switch means 108 to stop the power supply to the secondary battery module 200 and Charging of the battery 106 is started. At this time, power is supplied from the secondary battery 205 to the drive unit of the external electronic device (PC).

充電専用回路１０４は、上記のように、二次電池モジュール２００への給電と、二次電池１０６の充電とを繰り返す。ユーザが電源スイッチＳＷを操作することにより、電源装置１００の動作が停止されると、電源装置１００はスタンバイ状態となった後に動作が停止される。   As described above, the dedicated charging circuit 104 repeats power feeding to the secondary battery module 200 and charging of the secondary battery 106. When the operation of the power supply apparatus 100 is stopped by the user operating the power switch SW, the operation of the power supply apparatus 100 is stopped after entering the standby state.

充電専用回路１０４は、電源装置１００の上記状態に応じて、ＬＥＤ１００Ｌを点灯あるいは消灯させて、ユーザに電源装置１００の状態（スタンバイ状態、充電状態、給電状態等）を知らせる。なお、充電状態とは、燃料電池１０２における発電電力によって二次電池１０６を充電している状態であって、給電状態とは、燃料電池１０２における発電電力を外部電子機器へ給電している状態である。   The dedicated charging circuit 104 turns on or turns off the LED 100L according to the above-described state of the power supply apparatus 100 to inform the user of the state of the power supply apparatus 100 (standby state, charge state, power supply state, etc.). The charged state is a state in which the secondary battery 106 is charged with the generated power in the fuel cell 102, and the power supply state is a state in which the generated power in the fuel cell 102 is supplied to an external electronic device. is there.

例えば、パーソナルコンピュータ等の高負荷の電子機器では、電子機器内に容量の大きい二次電池を内蔵しているため、その二次電池の充電のために略３０Ｗ程度の定格電源が必要である。低消費型の電子機器であれば、平均略１０Ｗ程度の電力で駆動が可能であるが、低消費型の電子機器にも二次電池が内蔵されているため、略３０Ｗ程度の定格電源が必要となる。   For example, in a high-load electronic device such as a personal computer, a secondary battery having a large capacity is built in the electronic device, and thus a rated power supply of about 30 W is required for charging the secondary battery. If it is a low consumption type electronic device, it can be driven with an average power of about 10W. However, since the low consumption type electronic device also has a built-in secondary battery, a rated power supply of about 30W is required. It becomes.

ここで、例えば電源装置１００が二次電池１０６を備えず、燃料電池１０２における発電電力のみによって給電する場合、燃料電池の方式の中で例えばＤＭＦＣ方式はメタノールを燃料として使用する比較低安全性が高い方式であるが、発電効率が略３５％以下であるため、パーソナルコンピュータ等の外部電子機器の定格に合わせて燃料電池１０２を構成すると、燃料電池１０２の発電部が大きくなってしまうことがある。したがって、電源装置１００全体も大きくなってしまう。   Here, for example, when the power supply apparatus 100 does not include the secondary battery 106 and the power is supplied only by the generated power in the fuel cell 102, among the fuel cell methods, for example, the DMFC method has relatively low safety using methanol as fuel. Although it is a high method, since the power generation efficiency is about 35% or less, if the fuel cell 102 is configured in accordance with the rating of an external electronic device such as a personal computer, the power generation unit of the fuel cell 102 may become large. . Accordingly, the entire power supply apparatus 100 is also increased.

また、燃料電池１０２において発電された電力のうち、電力として取り出されないエネルギーは、熱エネルギーとして外部筐体１１０表面や排気の形で外部へ放熱される。   Further, of the electric power generated in the fuel cell 102, energy that is not extracted as electric power is radiated to the outside as heat energy in the form of the surface of the external housing 110 or exhaust.

例えば、燃料電池１０２における発電電力だけでパーソナルコンピュータ等の外部電子機器の定格電力３０Ｗの電力を供給するためは、略７０Ｗ乃至略８０Ｗの放熱をするための、大きな放熱フィンを内蔵させる必要がある。したがって、電源装置１００全体も大きくなってしまう。   For example, in order to supply power of rated electric power of 30 W of an external electronic device such as a personal computer only with the generated electric power in the fuel cell 102, it is necessary to incorporate a large heat radiation fin for radiating about 70 W to about 80 W. . Accordingly, the entire power supply apparatus 100 is also increased.

これに対し、本実施形態に係る電源装置１００のように燃料電池１０２だけでなく二次電池１０６も備える場合には、二次電池１０６を燃料電池１０２における発電電力を蓄積するバッファとして利用することができる。   On the other hand, when the secondary battery 106 is provided in addition to the fuel cell 102 as in the power supply device 100 according to the present embodiment, the secondary battery 106 is used as a buffer for accumulating the generated power in the fuel cell 102. Can do.

すなわち、略１０Ｗ程度の発電が可能な燃料電池１０２と、略２０Ｗ程度の放電能力がある二次電池１０６とを内蔵した電源装置１００において、図３に示すように間欠給電を行なうと、電源装置１００からの給電により定格電力が略３０Ｗの外部電子機器（ＰＣ）を駆動させることが可能である。   That is, when intermittent power feeding is performed as shown in FIG. 3 in the power supply apparatus 100 including the fuel cell 102 capable of generating power of about 10 W and the secondary battery 106 having a discharge capacity of about 20 W, the power supply apparatus It is possible to drive an external electronic device (PC) having a rated power of approximately 30 W by feeding from 100.

本実施形態では燃料電池１０２を小型化することにより、燃料電池１０２における発電電力は小さくなるが、燃料電池１０２における発電電力により二次電池１０６を充電し、燃料電池１０２の発電電力と二次電池１０６の放電電力とを合わせて出力させることにより、パーソナルコンピュータ等の外部電子機器の駆動を可能にしている。   In this embodiment, the power generated in the fuel cell 102 is reduced by downsizing the fuel cell 102, but the secondary battery 106 is charged by the power generated in the fuel cell 102, and the generated power of the fuel cell 102 and the secondary battery By outputting together with the discharge power of 106, it is possible to drive an external electronic device such as a personal computer.

上記のように、二次電池１０６を搭載しない電源装置１００と比較すると、本実施形態に係る電源装置１００では燃料電池発電部体積を大幅に小さくすることができる。さらに、燃料電池１０２における発熱によるエネルギーロスが削減できるので、放熱フィンの体積も大幅に削減ができ、電源装置１００の小型化が容易となる。また、二次電池１０６を搭載しない電源装置１００と比較すると、本実施形態に係る電源装置１００では燃料消費率も大幅に削減することができる。さらに、本実施形態に係る電源装置１００では、燃料電池発電部体積が大幅に小さくなるため、触媒に使用する白金などの貴金属の量を大幅に削減でき製造コスト削減を実現することができる。   As described above, as compared with the power supply device 100 that does not include the secondary battery 106, the power supply device 100 according to the present embodiment can significantly reduce the volume of the fuel cell power generation unit. Furthermore, since the energy loss due to heat generation in the fuel cell 102 can be reduced, the volume of the radiating fin can be greatly reduced, and the power supply device 100 can be easily downsized. Further, in comparison with the power supply device 100 that does not include the secondary battery 106, the fuel consumption rate can be significantly reduced in the power supply device 100 according to the present embodiment. Furthermore, in the power supply device 100 according to the present embodiment, the volume of the fuel cell power generation unit is significantly reduced, so that the amount of noble metals such as platinum used for the catalyst can be greatly reduced, and the manufacturing cost can be reduced.

また、本実施形態では、外部電子機器が高負荷時の定格電力を、燃料電池１０２での発電電力と、二次電池１０６の放電電力とにより賄うことが可能な小型の電源装置１００を提供することができる。さらに、上記のように燃料電池１０２と二次電池１０６とを備える電源装置１００により間欠給電を行なうことによって、外部電子機器内の二次電池のみで駆動する場合よりも、外部電子機器の駆動時間を大幅に延長することができる。   In addition, in the present embodiment, a small power supply device 100 is provided in which the external electronic device can supply the rated power when the load is high with the power generated by the fuel cell 102 and the discharge power of the secondary battery 106. be able to. Further, by performing intermittent power feeding by the power supply device 100 including the fuel cell 102 and the secondary battery 106 as described above, the driving time of the external electronic device is more than when driving only with the secondary battery in the external electronic device. Can be extended significantly.

すなわち、本実施形態に係る電源装置１００および電源装置１００の駆動方法によれば、出力を低下させることなく小型化可能な電源装置および電源装置の駆動方法を提供することができる。   That is, according to the power supply device 100 and the driving method of the power supply device 100 according to the present embodiment, it is possible to provide a power supply device and a driving method of the power supply device that can be miniaturized without lowering the output.

なお、この発明は、上記実施形態そのままに限定されるものではなく、実施段階ではその要旨を逸脱しない範囲で構成要素を変形して具体化できる。上記実施形態では、外部電子機器としてパーソナルコンピュータを例に説明をしたが、外部電子機器は例えば、携帯電話、無線機、ＤＶＤ再生装置、プロジェクター、電子手帳、電子手帳、カーナビゲーションシステム等の、電子機器に適用することができ、特に、二次電池を備えた携帯可能な電子機器を外部電子機器として適用することができる。   Note that the present invention is not limited to the above-described embodiment as it is, and can be embodied by modifying the constituent elements without departing from the scope of the invention in the implementation stage. In the above embodiment, a personal computer has been described as an example of the external electronic device. However, the external electronic device is an electronic device such as a mobile phone, a wireless device, a DVD player, a projector, an electronic notebook, an electronic notebook, a car navigation system, or the like. In particular, a portable electronic device including a secondary battery can be used as an external electronic device.

また、上記実施形態では、ユーザに電源装置１００の状態を知らせる複数のＬＥＤ１００Ｌを備えていたが、表示装置はＬＥＤ１００Ｌに限定されない。例えば、電源装置１００の外部筐体１１０から露出した液晶表示部、有機ＥＬ表示部等の表示装置に電源装置１００の状態を表示させる表示装置およびその表示装置に電源装置１００の状態を表示させる表示手段を具備していてもよい。   Moreover, in the said embodiment, although several LED100L which notifies a user of the state of the power supply device 100 was provided, a display apparatus is not limited to LED100L. For example, a display device that displays the state of the power supply device 100 on a display device such as a liquid crystal display unit or an organic EL display unit exposed from the external housing 110 of the power supply device 100 and a display that displays the state of the power supply device 100 on the display device. Means may be provided.

また、上記実施形態では、充電専用回路１０４は、確認手段に二次電池１０６の充電容量を確認させて二次電池１０６の充電容量を検出し、検出された充電容量の値に応じて、電源装置１００を制御していたが、例えば、充電専用回路１０４は二次電池１０６の充電あるいは放電電圧、又は、充電あるいは放電電流を検出して、その検出結果に応じて電源装１００を制御してもよい。   In the above-described embodiment, the charge-only circuit 104 causes the confirmation unit to confirm the charge capacity of the secondary battery 106 to detect the charge capacity of the secondary battery 106, and the power supply according to the detected charge capacity value. For example, the charge-only circuit 104 detects the charge or discharge voltage or the charge or discharge current of the secondary battery 106, and controls the power supply 100 according to the detection result. Also good.

なお、上記実施形態に記載された電源装置１００が具備する様々な手段は、ハードウェアとして構成されてもよくソフトウェアとして構成されていてもよく、さらにハードウェアとソフトウェアとを組み合わせて構成されてもよい。   Note that various means included in the power supply device 100 described in the above embodiment may be configured as hardware or software, or may be configured by combining hardware and software. Good.

また、上記実施形態に開示されている複数の構成要素の適宜な組み合せにより種々の発明を形成できる。例えば、実施形態に示される全構成要素から幾つかの構成要素を削除してもよい。更に、異なる実施形態に亘る構成要素を適宜組み合わせてもよい。   Further, various inventions can be formed by appropriately combining a plurality of constituent elements disclosed in the embodiment. For example, some components may be deleted from all the components shown in the embodiment. Furthermore, you may combine the component covering different embodiment suitably.

１００…電源装置、１０２…燃料電池、１０４…充電専用回路（制御手段）、１０６…二次電池、２００…二次電池モジュール。   DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 100 ... Power supply device, 102 ... Fuel cell, 104 ... Dedicated circuit (control means), 106 ... Secondary battery, 200 ... Secondary battery module.

Claims (10)

外部電子機器を接続可能な出力端子と、
前記出力端子を介して前記外部電子機器に電力を供給する二次電池と、
前記二次電池を充電するとともに、前記外部電子機器に電力を供給する燃料電池と、
前記二次電池の充電容量が第１の値以上であれば、前記燃料電池および前記二次電池の少なくとも一方からの電力を前記外部電子機器に供給し、前記二次電池の充電容量が第２の値以下となれば、前記外部電子機器への電力供給を停止する制御手段を備える電源装置。 An output terminal to which an external electronic device can be connected;
A secondary battery for supplying power to the external electronic device via the output terminal;
A fuel cell for charging the secondary battery and supplying power to the external electronic device;
If the charging capacity of the secondary battery is greater than or equal to a first value, power from at least one of the fuel cell and the secondary battery is supplied to the external electronic device, and the charging capacity of the secondary battery is second. A power supply device comprising control means for stopping the power supply to the external electronic device if the value is equal to or less than the value of. 前記外部電子機器の負荷が前記燃料電池の発電電力よりも大きいか否か判別する判別手段を更に具備し、
前記制御手段は、前記判別手段で前記外部電子機器の負荷が前記燃料電池の発電電力よりも大きいと判別された場合に、前記燃料電池と前記二次電池とから前記外部電子機器に電力を供給することを特徴とする請求項１記載の電源装置。 Further comprising a determining means for determining whether or not the load of the external electronic device is larger than the generated power of the fuel cell;
The control unit supplies power to the external electronic device from the fuel cell and the secondary battery when the determination unit determines that the load of the external electronic device is larger than the generated power of the fuel cell. The power supply device according to claim 1, wherein: 前記制御手段は、前記判別手段で前記外部電子機器の負荷が前記燃料電池の発電電力よりも小さいと判別された場合に、前記燃料電池から前記外部電子機器と前記二次電池とに電力を供給することを特徴とする請求項２記載の電源装置。   The control unit supplies power from the fuel cell to the external electronic device and the secondary battery when the determination unit determines that the load of the external electronic device is smaller than the generated power of the fuel cell. The power supply device according to claim 2, wherein: 前記制御手段は、前記判別手段で前記外部電子機器の負荷が前記燃料電池の発電電力よりも小さいと判別された場合に、前記燃料電池から前記外部電子機器に電力供給する際に余剰する電力を前記二次電池に供給することを特徴とする請求項３記載の電源装置。   The control means, when the determination means determines that the load of the external electronic device is smaller than the generated power of the fuel cell, generates excess power when supplying power from the fuel cell to the external electronic device. The power supply device according to claim 3, wherein the power supply device is supplied to the secondary battery. 前記出力端子と、前記燃料電池および前記二次電池と、の間に配置されたスイッチを具備し、
前記制御手段は、前記スイッチを開閉することにより、前記燃料電池の電力供給を制御するように構成されたことを特徴とする請求項１乃至請求項４のいずれか１項記載の電源装置。 A switch disposed between the output terminal, the fuel cell and the secondary battery;
5. The power supply device according to claim 1, wherein the control unit is configured to control power supply of the fuel cell by opening and closing the switch. 6. 前記二次電池の充電容量を確認する確認手段を更に具備し、
前記制御手段は、前記確認手段で前記二次電池の充電容量が前記第１の値以上であると確認させた場合、前記燃料電池および前記二次電池の少なくとも一方から前記外部電子機器に電力供給を開始し、前記確認手段で前記二次電池の充電容量が前記第２の値以下であると確認させた場合、前記外部電子機器への電力供給を停止するように構成されたことを特徴とする請求項１乃至請求項５のいずれか１項記載の電源装置。 Further comprising confirmation means for confirming the charge capacity of the secondary battery,
The control means supplies power to the external electronic device from at least one of the fuel cell and the secondary battery when the confirmation means confirms that the charge capacity of the secondary battery is not less than the first value. And when the confirmation means confirms that the charge capacity of the secondary battery is equal to or less than the second value, the power supply to the external electronic device is stopped. The power supply device according to any one of claims 1 to 5. 前記制御手段は、前記確認手段で前記二次電池の充電容量が前記第１の値以上であると確認させた場合、前記スイッチを閉じて前記燃料電池および前記二次電池のうち、少なくとも一方からの電力を前記外部電子機器に供給し、前記確認手段で前記二次電池の充電容量が前記第２の値以下であると確認させた場合、前記スイッチを開いて前記外部電子機器への電力供給を停止するように構成されたことを特徴とする請求項５記載の電源装置。   When the confirming means confirms that the charge capacity of the secondary battery is greater than or equal to the first value, the control means closes the switch and starts from at least one of the fuel cell and the secondary battery. Power is supplied to the external electronic device, and when the confirmation means confirms that the charge capacity of the secondary battery is equal to or less than the second value, the switch is opened to supply power to the external electronic device. The power supply device according to claim 5, wherein the power supply device is configured to stop. 表示装置と、
前記燃料電池から前記二次電池への充電開始に伴い、前記表示装置を表示させる表示手段と、を更に具備することを特徴とする請求項１乃至請求項６のいずれか１項記載の電源装置。 A display device;
The power supply device according to any one of claims 1 to 6, further comprising display means for displaying the display device when charging from the fuel cell to the secondary battery is started. . 前記表示手段は、前記燃料電池の定格電源での運転開始前および定格電源での運転停止後に前記表示装置を表示させることを特徴とする請求項８記載の電源装置。   9. The power supply device according to claim 8, wherein the display means displays the display device before the operation of the fuel cell with the rated power source is started and after the operation with the rated power source is stopped. 外部電子機器を接続する出力端子と、前記出力端子を介して前記外部電子機器に電力を供給可能な二次電池と、前記二次電池と前記外部電子機器とに電力を供給可能な燃料電池と、前記出力端子と、前記燃料電池および前記二次電池と、の間に配置されたスイッチと、前記二次電池、前記燃料電池、および前記スイッチの動作を制御する制御手段と、を備えた電源装置の駆動方法であって、
前記燃料電池で発電した電力を前記二次電池に充電し、
前記二次電池の充電容量が第１の値以上となったときに、前記スイッチを導通させて前記燃料電池および前記二次電池のうち、何れか少なくとも一方からの電力を前記外部電子機器に供給し、
前記二次電池の充電容量が第２の値以下になったときに、前記スイッチを開いて前記外部電子機器への電力供給を停止する電源装置の駆動方法。 An output terminal for connecting an external electronic device, a secondary battery capable of supplying power to the external electronic device via the output terminal, and a fuel cell capable of supplying power to the secondary battery and the external electronic device; A power source comprising: a switch disposed between the output terminal; the fuel cell and the secondary battery; and a control means for controlling the operation of the secondary battery, the fuel cell, and the switch. A method for driving an apparatus, comprising:
Charging the secondary battery with the power generated by the fuel cell;
When the charge capacity of the secondary battery exceeds a first value, the switch is turned on to supply power from at least one of the fuel cell and the secondary battery to the external electronic device. And
A method for driving a power supply apparatus, wherein when the charge capacity of the secondary battery becomes equal to or less than a second value, the switch is opened to stop power supply to the external electronic device.
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