JP2011011129A - Hydrolysis treatment apparatus - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a hydrolysis treatment apparatus capable of efficiently treating organic waste (processed product residue) in large amounts, moreover, facilitating the attenuation of poison and easily obtaining valuable material such as liquid fertilizer.SOLUTION: The hydrolysis treatment apparatus is used for hydrolyzing the organic waste (object to be treated). The hydrolysis treatment apparatus includes: a hydrolysis treatment element 15 formed with a heating jacket 18 and a treatment vessel 17 which is provided with an agitating machine 21 such as a screw on the inside, and connected to an exhaust pipe; a heating medium boiler 23 which is connected such that a heating medium can be supplied into the heating jacket 18; and a steam boiler 22 connected such that steam can be supplied into the treatment vessel 17.

Description

  The present invention relates to an apparatus for hydrolyzing organic waste (usually having a hydrolysis point). In particular, as a result of the food chain, residues such as viscera and ara that occur in the marine processing site of benthic organisms (benthos) in the sea, which are prone to bioconcentration of harmful substances such as heavy metals, pesticides and dioxins It is an invention relating to a hydrolysis treatment apparatus suitable for the hydrolysis treatment of wastes.

  Here, as organic waste, we will explain mainly by using seafood processed product residues of benthic organisms such as squid and scallops, but other fishery processed product residues such as other seafood internal organs and larvae are of course listed below. Of course, the present invention can also be applied to the hydrolysis treatment of organic waste such as.

・ Sludge: Sludge activated sludge, food factory wastewater sludge, grease trap extraction sludge, etc.
・ Agricultural crops and processed crop residues: Over-produced waste vegetables, vegetable scraps, cut vegetable scraps, okara, roadside tree cuttings, thinned wood, sawdust, wheat straw, rice straw, rice husks, etc.
・ Sake brewing, brewing, and beverage residue: shochu squeezed rice cake, sake squeezed rice cake, wine squeezed rice wine, soy sauce squeezed rice cake, tea leaves, fruit juice squeezed rice cake, etc.
・ Others: Infectious medical residues, waste plastics, etc.

Residual fishery product residue from benthic organisms such as squid and scallops
1) Processing factories are concentrated (from northern Tohoku to around Hokkaido).

    2) The catching time of benthic organisms such as squid and scallops is concentrated in 3-6 months.

  For this reason, a large amount of processed fishery product residue is generated at a certain time.

  Furthermore, it is known that benthic marine products (particularly viscera) contain a large amount of toxic substances such as Cd and As due to bioconcentration.

For this reason, when processing those fishery product residue,
1) A large amount of processing is required in a short time.

    2) After the treatment, it is necessary to dissolve and separate harmful metals such as Cd and As to attenuate the residue.

  It is necessary to satisfy these conditions.

  However, the present inventors have not heard of a processing method that easily satisfies the above conditions.

  That is, these processed fishery product residues have conventionally been treated by methods such as incineration, landfilling or drying. However, these methods have the following problems.

1) Incineration requires large-scale incineration equipment, high energy costs, and a large amount of CO ₂ that is strongly demanded for reduction from the standpoint of recent global warming control.

  2) When landfilling (residue as it is), it is very difficult to secure a disposal site because it is concentrated in the region.

  3) In the case of drying, in the drying using the normal pressure / reduced pressure dryer, only moisture is removed, and harmful substances in the dryer remain. For this reason, recycling (fertilizer and feed) is impossible, and dry matter has only incineration and landfill treatment methods.

  Although it does not affect the patentability of the present invention, Patent Document 1 describes that the thermal load and pressure load for initial temperature rise / pressure increase of the atmosphere in the vessel are reduced and the reaction vessel is made large. A waste treatment apparatus (hydrolysis treatment apparatus) having the following configuration has been proposed for the purpose of increasing the amount of residue treatment without conversion (see claim 1).

“In a waste treatment device that hydrolyzes organic residue containing solids in a high-temperature, high-pressure container area to make it fine or fine,
A first container having a high-temperature and high-pressure container area capable of introducing an organic residue, and stirring and hydrolyzing the residue in the container area;
A high-temperature and low-pressure container region having a pressure lower than the pressure in the container region of the first container;
A second container for drying the residue hydrolyzed in the first container in a high-temperature, low-pressure container region;
A residue supply device for introducing the residue into a region in the container of the first container without releasing the atmosphere in the first container;
A waste treatment apparatus, comprising: a residue moving device that moves the residue in the first container to a region in the container of the second container without releasing an atmosphere in the first container. "

  Furthermore, Patent Documents 2 and 3 are introduced as prior art documents related to the hydrolysis apparatus in the section <Background Art> of Patent Document 1 above.

JP 2008-246300 A JP 2003-306825 A JP 2003-47409 A

  In view of the above, an object of the present invention is to provide a hydrolysis treatment apparatus that can efficiently process a large amount of organic waste (processed product residue), is easily attenuated, and easily obtains valuable materials such as liquid fertilizer. There is.

  In order to solve the above-mentioned problems, the present inventors have made extensive efforts for development, and as a result, have come up with a hydrolysis treatment apparatus having the following configuration.

A hydrolysis treatment apparatus for hydrolyzing organic waste (object to be treated),
A hydrolysis jacket formed of a heating jacket and a processing vessel provided with stirring means inside and connected to an exhaust pipe,
A heating medium boiler is connected to the heating jacket so as to be able to supply a heating medium, and a steam boiler is connected to be able to supply steam into the processing vessel.
It is characterized by comprising.

When the residue generated during marine processing of benthic organisms such as squid and scallops is treated with the hydrolysis treatment apparatus of the present invention,
1) One processing time is short.

    2) It is easy to separate harmful metals such as Cd and As.

    3) It can be converted into valuable resources (fertilizer, fuel, etc.).

  There are effects such as.

It is a flow sheet which shows the hydrolysis processing method of the polymer residue using the hydrolysis processing device of the present invention.

  The hydrolysis treatment apparatus and the hydrolysis treatment method of the present invention will be described with reference to the flowchart of FIG.

  When crushing is necessary depending on the state of the raw material (processed product), crushing is performed using the crusher 11. The size of the crushed material is 100 mm or less on each side, preferably 10 mm or less.

  The crusher 11 can use a conventional one. When using seafood processed residue such as squid viscera or scallop viscera as a raw material (processed material), a uniaxial rotating crusher is sufficient because it is soft.

The crushed raw material is quantitatively measured and temporarily stored in the raw material charging silo 13 according to the internal volume of the processing container 17 of the hydrolysis processor 15. The size (internal volume) of the raw material charging silo 13 depends on the internal volume of the processing container 17 and is usually 1.1 to 1.2 times that of the processing container 17. Here, the internal volume of the processing chamber 17, as described later, 10 m ³ or less, preferably set as appropriate from the range of 1 to 10 m ^3.

  The processed fishery product residue often contains acidic and basic substances. For this reason, it is preferable that the raw material charging silo 13 has corrosion resistance. The material is preferably a steel material (SS400 or the like) whose inner side is lined with a corrosion-resistant metal such as stainless steel (SUS316) or a silicone-based or fluorine-based chemical-resistant polymer.

  Further, the processing vessel 17 of the hydrolysis processor 15 needs to be certified as a first type pressure vessel in order to make the inside of the processing vessel 17 high pressure as will be described later.

  The hydrolysis processor 15 may be either a vertical type or a horizontal type, but is set to a horizontal type from the viewpoints of operability and ease of manufacturing the hydrolyzer.

The internal volume, diameter, plate thickness, and material of the processing vessel 17 of the hydrolysis processor 15 are defined by the requirements of the first type pressure vessel. Combinations satisfying the regulations can be determined and designed according to the amount of processed material. However, the Type 1 pressure vessel must be transported to the site in an assembled state at an authorized factory. Considering transportation costs, the internal volume of the hydrolyzer is preferably 10 m ³ or less.

  The pressure resistance performance of the processing vessel 17 has various possibilities as it increases. However, when treating the residue, it is necessary to place importance on practicality and economy. Therefore, the pressure resistance performance of the processing container is usually 2 to 10 MPa, preferably 3 to 8 MPa.

  When the residue is processed in the processing container 17 of the hydrolysis processor 15, it is often processed under conditions of high temperature, high pressure, strong acidity, and strong basicity. For this reason, like the raw material charging silo 13, the processing container 17 is preferably one whose inner surface is lined with a thin plate of chemical resistant stainless steel (SUS316) or a fluorine-based or silicone-based polymer material inside the pressure-resistant structure.

  When the processing container 17 is the horizontal type shown in the figure, the raw material inlet 19 of the hydrolysis processor 15 is preferably at the top. Normally, when starting agitation at the same time as starting material supply, it is difficult to input from the side of the processing container 17 because the stirrer 21 becomes an obstacle.

  The raw material inlet 19 needs to be opened and closed by a pressure-resistant valve 20. Since the internal pressure is also applied to the opening when the raw material inlet 19 is closed, the pressure-resistant valve 20 is preferably 5 MPa or more.

  The opening diameter of the raw material inlet 19 is restricted by the inner diameter of the processing container 17. The opening diameter is 0.5 to 0.9 times, preferably 0.7 to 0.9 times the inner diameter of the processing container 17. For example, when the inner diameter of the processing container 17 is 100 cm, the opening diameter of the raw material inlet 19 is 70 to 90 cm.

  In addition, it is necessary to change the size of the inlet so that infectious medical residues that are difficult to pre-crush can be input as they are. At the same time, it is necessary to relatively increase the inner diameter of the processing container 17 so that the opening diameter can be secured.

  As the stirrer (disintegration and mixing means) 21 disposed in the processing container 17, a known type can be used. Among these, a paddle type or a screw type, particularly a screw type is preferable. These stirrers can stir and homogenize the processed fishery product residue, which is a high-viscosity and high-weight raw material, in the processing container. Further, when the screw type stirrer 21 is disposed in the horizontal processing container 17, the product (processed product: reaction product) can be easily transported to the one-end raw material discharge port 15a.

  For example, when the screw type stirrer 21 is disposed in a processing vessel having an inner diameter of 100 cm and an inner total length of 250 cm, the outer diameter of the stirring blade is 95 to 98 cm, the pitch is 5 to 8 rotations (30 to 50 cm), Blade shape: Fan-shaped or paddle-shaped.

  In the case of a screw type, the rotation speed of the stirrer 21 is appropriately set in the range of 0.1 to 50 rpm, preferably 0.5 to 10 rpm, depending on the form of the raw material. This is to perform crushing and shearing simultaneously with stirring and mixing. That is, this is because the stirring torque is more important than the stirring speed.

  Stirring is preferably started at the same time as starting material charging. Stirring can be appropriately set at the start and completion of the stirring operation as long as it is within the reaction time of the hydrolysis processor 15 depending on the state of the raw material, and the stirring operation may be either continuous or intermittent. In addition, it is desirable that the stirring operation be performed by controlling the rotation direction with a timer so that the rotation direction is normal / reverse rotation (for example, every 5 to 8 times) by predetermined time. This is because if the material is rotated only in a certain direction, the raw material is biased to one side, and uniform crushing and mixing by stirring becomes difficult.

In addition, since the moisture content of the raw material (humidity standard: the same shall apply hereinafter) is usually as high as 50% or more, the moisture adjusting material is added simultaneously with the raw material. As the moisture adjusting material, it is desirable to use an adsorbent capable of adsorbing water-absorbing and toxic metal ions (Cd ²⁺ , As ³⁺ ) eluted by hydrolysis. The adsorbent may be an inorganic adsorbent, but is preferably an organic adsorbent. This is because the organic adsorbent can be used for industrial waste and can be hydrolyzed, and furthermore, it is easy to incinerate solids produced by solid-liquid separation after the hydrolysis treatment. As the organic adsorbent, for example, sawdust, rice husk, wood chip, wheat straw, rice straw and the like are suitable. As the inorganic adsorbent, slaked lime, zeolite, pumice and the like are suitable.

  The moisture content of the moisture adjusting material is 30% or less, preferably 15% or less.

  After introducing the raw material and the moisture adjusting material, steam is sent from the once-through boiler (steam boiler) 22 into the processing vessel 17, and the inside of the processing vessel is pressurized and heated to a predetermined pressure and temperature, and then the processing vessel 17 from the once-through boiler 22. The steam supply to the inside is stopped (preheating and pressurizing step). The conditions at that time are, for example, 0.198 to 1.55 MPa × 120 to 200 ° C.

  The once-through boiler 22 is one of water tube boilers that generate steam by passing a bellows tube through a heating source, and various types of boilers can be used. There is no particular limitation as long as it has the ability to adjust the inside of the processing vessel 17 to the internal pressure and temperature. The capacity of the once-through boiler 22 depends on the capacity of the processing container 17 and the temperature raising time. Preferably, the generated steam amount is 1 ton / hour or more. The steam boiler may be attached as shown in the figure, but it can also be directly introduced from the factory boiler if it has a high capacity.

  Next, the heating medium is fed into the heating jacket 18 from the heating medium boiler 23, and the temperature inside the processing vessel 17 is increased to 200 to 300 ° C. × 1.55 to 8.59 MPa (desirably 220 to 280 ° C. × 2.32 to 6.41 MPa). (Main heating and pressing step). The set temperature of the heat medium is 250 ° C. or higher, preferably 300 ° C. or higher. By indirect heating from the outside, it is possible to achieve the predetermined temperature and the predetermined pressure in the processing container 17 in a short time (for example, within 30 minutes).

  A conventional heat medium can be used for the heat medium boiler 23. The heating medium has a boiling point of 200 ° C or higher, preferably 250 ° C or higher, more preferably 300 ° C or higher. Specific examples include those mainly composed of biphenyl / diphenyl ether, alkylbiphenyl, alkylnaphthalene, silicone oil and the like.

  As described above, since the inside of the processing container 17 needs to be 200 ° C. or higher, preferably 220 ° C. or higher, the heating medium needs to be heated to a set temperature or higher. At this time, if it is below the boiling point of the heat medium, no pressure other than the transport pressure is applied to the jacket 18 of the hydrolysis processor 15. For this reason, the pressure resistance performance of the jacket can be designed and manufactured at 1 MPa or less. This greatly reduces the manufacturing cost of the container.

  For the above reason, the heating jacket 18 does not need to satisfy the standard of the first type pressure vessel like the processing vessel 17. However, it is necessary to ensure airtightness and pressure resistance necessary for the heat medium circulation.

  The internal volume of the heating jacket 18 is 0.1 to 20 times the internal volume of the processing container 17. Preferably 0.8 to 5 times. If the internal volume of the heating jacket 18 is small, the amount of heat supplied is insufficient, and a problem that the time for raising the temperature of the container to a predetermined temperature is likely to occur. On the other hand, as the inner volume of the heating jacket 18 increases, the outer diameter of the heating jacket 18 increases and the hydrolysis processor 15 itself increases, so that the heating jacket 18 can be supplied as much as possible within the range in which the necessary amount of heat can be supplied. It is desirable that the internal volume of is small.

  An existing heat medium boiler 23 for heating the heat medium can be used. The heat generation capacity of the heat medium boiler varies depending on the capacity of the hydrolyzer, but preferably has a capacity of 400,000 kcal or more.

  After the processing container 17 reaches a predetermined temperature and pressure (for example, 200 ° C. × 1.55 MPa), the supply of the heating medium to the heating jacket 18 is temporarily stopped, and then the heating medium (for example, 250 ° C.) is intermittently supplied. Maintain the set temperature and set pressure for 30 to 120 minutes.

  Thus, the hydrolysis process is completed. By the hydrolysis treatment, the raw material is hydrolyzed (when the moisture adjusting material is organic, the moisture adjusting material is also dissolved), and Cd, As, etc. are eluted in the liquid component, but adsorbed to the unhydrolyzed adsorbent. And move to the solid content side. For this reason, the liquid component is attenuated and becomes valuable as liquid fertilizer.

  After completion of the hydrolysis treatment, the pressure in the processing container 17 is released to normal pressure (0.1 MPa) through the exhaust pipe 26 connected to the exhaust port 17b over 30 to 60 minutes. The release steam also carries dust in a partly entrained manner. For this reason, in the middle of the exhaust system, after the aggregate (aggregated liquid and dust) is collected by a centrifugal cyclone (aggregate / gas separator) 24, deodorization by the deodorizer 25 is performed if necessary. And release to the outside as steam. If the outer periphery of the cyclone 24 is heated, the condensed liquid is vaporized and recovered from the lower part of the cyclone 24 is almost a powdered solid (dust).

  As the cyclone, a tangential cyclone having a simple structure is usually used, but an axial flow cyclone may be used. Moreover, it is good also considering a cyclone in parallel as a multi-clone.

  The cyclone (aggregate / gas separator) 24 needs to have the ability to depressurize steam at 230 ° C. × 2.79 MPa to about 150 ° C. × 0.476 MPa. For this reason, the pressure release capacity is preferably 0.5 to 1.5 times the capacity of the processing container 17. This is the capacity required to have the decompression capability.

  The deodorizer 25 can use an existing adsorption type device. The adsorbent is selected according to the odor component such as activated carbon, lime, zeolite, and the like.

  The product (reaction product) is carried out by rotating the stirrer (screw) 21 in the reverse direction from the take-out lid 17a of the product take-out opening at the front of the processing container 17 (product collection step).

  When the reaction product (product) is a solid-liquid mixed system, solid-liquid separation is performed by a general-purpose solid-liquid separation means. Examples of the solid-liquid separation means include flotation / sediment separation, filter press, and centrifugal separation.

  When the moisture adjusting material is organic, the solid content is disposed of in landfill in a managed final disposal site as it is when the incinerated ash is incinerated.

  When the amount of moisture remaining in the processed product is large, it can be dried in the processing container 17 by feeding a heating medium into the heating jacket 18 and heating it.

  In addition, when the moisture content of the raw material is low and no adsorbent is added as a moisture adjusting material when the raw material is charged, the hydrolysis product is substantially substantially liquid only. In this case, since it is considered that harmful heavy metals are dissolved in the liquid component, the adsorbent exemplified above is added, and after adsorbing and separating the harmful heavy metals to the adsorbent, solid-liquid separation means (floating / sedimentation separation, It is possible to use it as liquid fertilizer or the like by solid-liquid separation by a filter press, centrifugation, etc. to attenuate the liquid component.

  Examples 1 and 2 performed for further understanding of the present invention will be described below.

<Example 1>
70 kg (70 dm ³ ) of squid internal organs (raw material) and 70 kg of sawdust (100 dm ³ ) were added to a treatment vessel (capacity 200 dm ³ ) 17 of a hydrolysis processor 15 equipped with a heating jacket 18 while stirring. After the charging, steam was fed from the once-through boiler (oil-fired, generated steam 2 ton / hour) 22 into the processing container 17 so that the inside of the processing container 17 was set to 0.9 MPa and 170 ° C. Next, a heating medium (280 ° C.) was fed from the heating medium boiler 23 to the heating jacket 18 to heat the inside of the processing container 17. When the inside of the processing container 17 reached 200 ° C. (1.55 MPa), the supply of the heating medium to the heating jacket 18 was temporarily stopped. Thereafter, the heating medium (250 ° C.) was intermittently supplied to maintain the temperature inside the processing container 17 at 220 ° C. The hydrolysis reaction retention time was 30 minutes. After the hydrolysis treatment (reaction completion), the inside of the treatment vessel 17 was reduced to atmospheric pressure, and the product (treated product, reaction product) was taken out.

  As a product (reaction product), 90 kg of solid content (moisture content moisture content: 30%) and 50 kg of liquid content were obtained. When the Cd and As contents of the obtained solid and liquid contents were measured, most of them were detected from the solid contents and were not detectable from the liquid contents.

  When the solid content was subjected to a combustion test, it had a combustion heat of about 3000 kcal / kg and was found to be self-combustible. It is considered useful as an auxiliary fuel.

  The liquid contains a large amount of squid visceral hydrolyzate and is considered useful as liquid fertilizer.

<Example 2>
Using the same hydrolysis treatment equipment as in Example 1, the processing container 17, while stirring the Squid (raw material) 70kg (70 dm ³⁾ and slaked lime 70 kg (70 dm ^3), it was charged. The slaked lime used was granular (average particle size: 0.5 mm). After the addition, the hydrolysis treatment was performed by heating and pressurizing under the same conditions as in Example 1. After the hydrolysis treatment, the inside of the treatment container 17 was decompressed to atmospheric pressure, and the product (treated product, reaction product) was taken out.

  As a reaction product, 100 kg of solid content (moisture content moisture content: 20%) and 40 kg of liquid content were obtained. When the Cd and As contents of the obtained solid and liquid components were measured, most of them were detected from the solid components, but were not detectable from the liquid components.

  When the solid content was subjected to a combustion test, it had a combustion heat of about 3000 kcal / kg and was found to be self-combustible. It is considered useful as an auxiliary fuel.

  The liquid contains a large amount of squid visceral hydrolyzate and is considered useful as liquid fertilizer.

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 11 Crusher 13 Raw material charging silo 15 Hydrolysis processor 17 Processing vessel 18 Heating jacket 19 Raw material inlet 21 Stirrer (crushing and mixing means)
23 Cyclone (aggregate / gas separator)
25 Deodorizer

Claims (10)

A hydrolysis treatment apparatus for hydrolyzing organic waste (raw material),
A hydrolysis jacket formed of a heating jacket and a processing vessel provided with stirring means inside and connected to an exhaust pipe,
A heating medium boiler is connected to be able to supply a heating medium in the heating jacket, and a steam boiler is connected to be able to supply steam in the processing vessel,
A hydrolysis treatment apparatus characterized by that.   The hydrolysis apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the heating medium boiler circulates a high-temperature heating medium having a boiling point of 200 ° C or higher.   The hydrolysis treatment apparatus according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the stirring means is a screw type stirrer.   The hydrolysis apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the exhaust pipe includes a dust collector.   The hydrolysis treatment apparatus according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein a raw material charging silo connected to a crusher is connected to the raw material charging port of the processing container.   The hydrolysis apparatus according to any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein the exhaust pipe includes an agglomerate / gas separator and can be exhausted through a deodorizer.   7. The hydrolysis apparatus according to claim 6, wherein the aggregate / gas separator is a cyclone type. A method for hydrolyzing organic waste (raw material) using the hydrolysis treatment apparatus according to any one of claims 1 to 7,
1) A raw material charging step in which the raw material (object to be processed) is charged into the processing container, and the processing container is sealed.
2) A preheating and pressurizing step in which steam is fed into the processing vessel, and the temperature is raised to 120-200 ° C. and the pressure is raised to 0.198-1.55 MPa.
3) Continuously with the preheating / pressurizing step, a high-temperature heating medium at 200 ° C. or higher is circulated in the heating jacket to raise the temperature in the processing vessel to 200 to 300 ° C. × pressure 1.55 to 8.59 MPa. This heating and pressurizing step to pressurize,
4) A product recovery step for discharging the product (processed product) after discharging the water vapor in the processing container after the main heating and pressurizing step,
The organic waste is characterized in that the material to be treated is crushed and mixed in any one or more of the raw material charging step, the preheating and pressing step, and the main heating and pressing step. Hydrolysis process.   9. The organic material according to claim 8, wherein in the raw material charging step, an adsorbent is added as a moisture adjusting material so that the water content of the raw material (humidity standard; the same shall apply hereinafter) is 50% or lower. A method for hydrolyzing waste.   The organic waste according to claim 8 or 9, wherein, prior to the product recovery step, a process of maintaining the water vapor discharge state of the processing container and circulating the high-temperature heat medium through the jacket to dry is performed. Hydrolysis method of product.

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