JP2011010087A - Encoding apparatus, determination apparatus, determination system, encoding method and determination method - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a determination system capable of determining whether a group of tags is proper by writing to and reading from tags.SOLUTION: In the determination system including an encoding apparatus and a determination apparatus, the encoding apparatus generates additional code words, on the basis of all identification code words in a group and writes the additional code words, by making the identification code words associated. On the basis of all the identification code words in a readable region, the determination apparatus generates a determination-side additional code word through the same arithmetic operations as that of the encoding apparatus and determines whether a group of tags is proper, according to whether additional code word is the same as the determination-side additional code word.

Description

  The present invention relates to an encoding device, a determination device, a determination system, an encoding method, and a determination method for determining the appropriateness of a group including one or more tags.

  In recent years, tag readers have been used for various purposes such as traffic systems and article management. In particular, in an RFID (Radio Frequency Identification) system including a reader and an electronic tag, a plurality of electronic tags can be read substantially simultaneously, and information can be written to the electronic tag. Recently, not only product numbers but also additional information can be added to barcodes. Two-dimensional codes have also been proposed and used. In the following, an electronic tag, an optical tag on which a barcode or a two-dimensional code is displayed on a hologram or a liquid crystal panel or a barcode or a two-dimensional code is printed on paper, a magnetic tag such as a magnetic sheet, etc. Are collectively referred to as tags.

Improvements in tag reading technology have enabled individual tags to be read efficiently, and various applications have been proposed using the reading technology.
For example, Patent Document 1 discloses a technology in which a short-distance transceiver and a long-distance transceiver function are provided in an electronic tag, and a predetermined container is searched from a group of containers by the electronic tags communicating with each other.

  On the other hand, from the viewpoint of information security of electronic tags, a technique for confirming the appropriateness of the combination of tags has been proposed. In Non-Patent Document 1, a plurality of electronic tags finally generate a single value indicating a group by transmitting information between the tags via a reader, and the appropriateness is separately installed. It is proposed to check by function. Further, in the method of Non-Patent Document 2, by setting a time limit until group confirmation, when there is a shortage of tags, a malicious reading device generates a value indicating that all tags are present, This prevents reporting that all tags are available.

Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 10-506357

A. Juels, “Strengthening EPC tags against cloning”, 4th ACM Workshop on Wireless Security, 2005, p. 67-p. 76 J. Saito and 1 other, "Grouping proof for RFID Tags", 19th IEEE International Conference on Advanced Information Networking and Applications, 2005, p. 621-p. 624

However, the conventional technology cannot detect the suitability of a tag group, such as a shortage of tags belonging to a group or the mixing of tags outside the group, by simply reading individual tags. For example, 50 items each with a tag should be packed as a group, and even if only 48 items are packed, the presence or absence of a missing item can be determined from the tag attached to the item. It was not possible to determine the presence or absence of missing items using other means such as a delivery list.
The method of Patent Document 1 uses a plurality of tags that communicate with each other to discover other tags, or improves reading reliability, and since tags do not have group information, the tag group is not appropriate. Sex cannot be determined.
In addition, since the methods of Non-Patent Document 1 and Non-Patent Document 2 are based on the premise that the reading device is not reliable, the method has a function of generating information for information input by an electronic tag. And that the secret key can be distributed to the grouped electronic tags. That is, the suitability of a tag group cannot be determined from the tag alone.

  The present invention has been made in view of the above circumstances, and its purpose is to determine the appropriateness of a tag group by reading / writing data from / to a tag without requiring the tag to have a special function other than reading / writing data. An encoding device, a determination device, a determination system, an encoding method, and a determination method are provided.

[1] The present invention has been made to solve the above-described problems, and an encoding device according to an aspect of the present invention includes a reading unit that reads an identification codeword from each tag included in a tag group, and an arbitrary number. An additional codeword generation unit for generating an additional codeword for identifying the group of tags by performing, on the identification codeword, an operation in which an identification codeword is input and an exchange rule for the identification codeword is satisfied. And a writing unit that writes a code word to each tag included in the tag group in association with each identification code word.
Here, the medium holding the identification codeword and the additional codeword is called a tag.
This encoding device generates an additional codeword from the read identification codeword. Using this additional codeword, the determination device can determine the appropriateness of a set (group) of tags.
[2] An encoding device according to an aspect of the present invention is the encoding device described above, and the operation performed by the additional codeword generation unit generates a cyclic code from each of the identification codewords and generates the cyclic It is an operation for calculating an exclusive OR for each bit of the code.
This encoding device generates an additional codeword from an identification codeword read by generating a cyclic code and calculating an exclusive OR. Using this additional codeword, the determination device can determine the suitability of the tag group.
[3] The encoding device according to one aspect of the present invention is the encoding device described above, and the operation performed by the additional codeword generation unit is performed by performing a hash operation on each of the identification codewords. It is an operation for calculating an exclusive OR for each bit of the hash value.
This encoding device generates an additional codeword from the identification codeword read by hash operation and exclusive OR operation. Using this additional codeword, the determination device can determine the suitability of the tag group.
[4] In addition, the determination device according to an aspect of the present invention includes a reading unit that reads an additional codeword for identifying a tag group and an identification codeword from the tag, and the additional codeword for all of the read identification codewords. The determination-side additional codeword generation unit that generates the determination-side additional codeword by performing the same operation as that used for generating the read-out additional codeword and the generated determination-side additional codeword are the same If there is a tag group at the time of generating the additional codeword and the group of the read tag are the same, if the read additional codeword and the generated determination side additional codeword are different, It is characterized by comprising a determination unit that determines that the tag group at the time of codeword generation and the read tag group are different.
This determination apparatus can determine the suitability of a group of tags by generating a determination side additional codeword from the read identification codeword and determining the identity with the read additional codeword.
[5] A determination device according to an aspect of the present invention is the determination device described above, wherein the identification codewords are grouped based on whether or not the additional codeword read from the tag by the reading unit is the same. The determination side additional codeword generation unit further performs the same operation as the operation used to generate the additional codeword on all the identification codewords belonging to the same group. To generate a determination side additional codeword, and the determination unit, if the read additional codeword and the generated determination side additional codeword are the same, a group of tags at the time of additional codeword generation, and a group If it is determined that the tag group included in the group classified by the acquisition unit is the same, and the read additional codeword is different from the generated determination side additional codeword, the tag group at the time of additional codeword generation Characterized in that the the group of tags group acquiring unit is included in the group classified determines different.
Since this determination device classifies the read identification codewords into groups, even when the identification codewords of a plurality of groups are read, it is possible to determine the appropriateness of the tag group.
[6] Moreover, the determination apparatus according to an aspect of the present invention is the determination apparatus described above, and the calculation performed by the determination side additional codeword generation unit generates a cyclic code from each of the identification codewords, and generates the cyclic It is an operation for calculating an exclusive OR for each bit of the code.
The determination device generates a determination side additional codeword from the identification codeword read by the cyclic code generation and the exclusive OR operation that are the same operations as the encoding device generates the additional codeword, and reads the determination side additional codeword. The suitability of the tag group can be determined by determining the identity with the added codeword.
[7] Moreover, the determination device according to an aspect of the present invention is the determination device described above, and the calculation performed by the determination side additional codeword generation unit is performed by performing a hash operation on each of the identification codewords. It is an operation for calculating an exclusive OR for each bit of the hash value.
This determination device generates a determination-side additional codeword from an identification codeword read by a hash operation and an exclusive OR operation, which are the same operations that the encoding device generates an additional codeword, and reads the added The suitability of the tag group can be determined by determining the identity with the codeword.
[8] In addition, the determination system according to one aspect of the present invention includes a reading unit that reads an identification codeword from each tag included in a tag group, an arbitrary number of identification codewords as input, and an exchange rule for the identification codeword. An additional codeword generation unit that performs an operation on the identification codeword to generate an additional codeword for identifying the tag group, and associates the additional codeword with each of the identification codewords A coding unit including a writing unit for writing to each tag included in the group, a reading unit for reading an additional codeword and an identification codeword for identifying the tag group from the tag, and all of the read identification codewords A determination-side additional codeword generation unit that generates a determination-side additional codeword by performing the same operation as that used to generate the additional codeword, and generates the read additional codeword. If the determination side additional codeword is the same, the tag group at the time of additional codeword generation and the read tag group are determined to be the same, and the read additional codeword and the generated determination If the side additional codeword is different, a determination apparatus including a determination unit that determines that the tag group at the time of additional codeword generation and the read tag group is different is provided.
In this determination system, the encoding device generates an additional codeword from the read identification codeword. The determination device can determine the suitability of the tag group by generating a determination-side additional codeword from the read identification codeword and determining the identity with the additional codeword generated by the encoding device.
[9] Also, in the encoding method according to one aspect of the present invention, the encoding device reads the identification codeword from each tag included in the tag group, and the encoding device includes any number of identification codewords. And an additional codeword generation step for generating an additional codeword for identifying the group of tags by performing an operation on the identification codeword and performing an operation that satisfies an exchange rule for the identification codeword, and the encoding device includes: A write step of writing an additional codeword to each tag included in the tag group in association with each of the identification codewords.
In this encoding method, an additional codeword is generated from the read identification codeword. Using this additional codeword, the determination device can determine the suitability of the tag group.
[10] In the determination method according to an aspect of the present invention, the determination device reads the additional codeword and the identification codeword for identifying the tag group from the tag, and the identification code read by the determination device A determination-side additional codeword generation step for generating a determination-side additional codeword by performing the same operation as that used for generating the additional codeword for all words; and the determination device reads the additional codeword If the generated determination side additional codeword is the same, the tag group at the time of generating the additional codeword is determined to be the same as the read tag group, and the read additional codeword is generated. If the determination side additional codeword is different, a determination step of determining that the tag group at the time of generating the additional codeword is different from the read tag group is provided.
In this determination method, it is possible to determine the suitability of the tag group by generating a determination-side additional codeword from the read identification codeword and determining the identity with the read additional codeword.

  According to the present invention, the suitability of a tag group can be determined by reading and writing to the tag without requiring a special function such as the distribution of a secret key. Also, even when tags belonging to a plurality of groups are present, it is possible to determine the appropriateness of the tag group.

It is the schematic which shows schematic structure of the determination system by the 1st Embodiment of this invention. It is the schematic which shows the outline | summary of operation | movement of the determination system in the embodiment. It is a functional block diagram which shows schematic structure of the encoding apparatus 1 in the embodiment. It is a functional block diagram which shows schematic structure of the determination apparatus 6 in the embodiment. It is a data block diagram which shows the structure of the data which the identification codeword memory | storage part 14 in the same embodiment memorize | stores. It is a data block diagram which shows the structure of the data which the codeword memory | storage part 65 memorize | stores in the same embodiment. It is a data block diagram which shows the structure of the data which the group memory | storage part 66 memorize | stores in the embodiment. It is a data structure figure which shows the structure of the data which the determination side additional codeword memory | storage part 67 memorize | stores in the same embodiment. It is a functional block diagram which shows schematic structure of the additional codeword production | generation part 12 in the embodiment. It is a functional block diagram which shows schematic structure of the determination side additional codeword production | generation part 63 in the embodiment. It is a flowchart which shows the procedure of the process which the encoding apparatus 1 in the embodiment performs. It is a flowchart which shows the procedure in which the determination side additional codeword production | generation part 63 in the same embodiment produces | generates a determination side additional codeword. It is a figure which shows the example in which one electronic tag memorize | stores a some additional codeword in the same embodiment. It is a figure which shows the example in which the codeword memory | storage part 65 memorize | stores a some additional codeword in the same embodiment. It is a functional block diagram which shows schematic structure of the additional codeword production | generation part 12 of the encoding apparatus 2 by the 2nd Embodiment of this invention. It is a functional block diagram which shows schematic structure of the determination apparatus 7 determination side additional codeword production | generation part 63 in the embodiment. It is a flowchart which shows the procedure in which the additional codeword production | generation part 12 of the encoding apparatus 2 produces | generates an additional codeword in the same embodiment. It is a flowchart which shows the procedure in which the determination side additional codeword production | generation part 63 of the determination apparatus 7 produces | generates a determination side additional codeword in the same embodiment.

<First Embodiment>
The first embodiment of the present invention will be described below with reference to the drawings.
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram illustrating a schematic configuration of a determination system 100 according to the present embodiment.
The determination system 100 according to the present embodiment includes an encoding device 1 and a determination device 6. The encoding device 1 and the determination device 6 read / write data from / to n tags.
The determination system 100 determines whether the identity of the tag group has been lost due to a lack of tags belonging to the group, mixing of tags outside the group, or replacement of some tags belonging to the group with tags outside the group. If the identity group is not lost, the tag group is determined to be appropriate. If the identity is lost, the tag group is incorrect. It is determined that Here, the medium holding the identification codeword and the additional codeword is referred to as a tag, and the tag includes an electronic tag, an optical tag, and a magnetic tag, but is not limited thereto. The identification code word is data for identifying a tag, and different identification code words are stored in advance in each tag. Therefore, the tag can be uniquely identified using the identification code word. The additional codeword is data for identifying a tag group, and is generated by the determination device 1 and written to the tag.
The process of determining the appropriateness of a tag group can be broadly divided into a process performed by the encoding device 1 and a process performed by the determination device 6. Here, the adequacy of the tag group is a group of tags in which the encoding device 1 reads the identification codeword and writes the additional codeword, and a group of tags in which the determination device 6 reads the identification codeword and the additional codeword. Are the same.
The encoding device 1 reads the identification codeword from the tag to generate an additional codeword, and writes the generated additional codeword to the tag. The outline of the process is as follows.
(1) First, the encoding apparatus 1 reads all the tags in the readable area as one group from all the tags belonging to the group all at once or sequentially.
(2) Next, the encoding device 1 generates an additional codeword from the read identification codeword. The encoding device 1 generates a CRC (Cyclic Redundancy Code, a cyclic code or a shortened cyclic code) from each identification codeword. The encoding device 1 generates an additional codeword by taking an exclusive OR of CRCs generated from all the read identification codewords. Note that the encoding apparatus 1 may generate a CRC from a part of each identification codeword. The encoding device 1 may generate the additional codeword using another method such as a hash function.
(3) Next, the encoding device 1 writes the generated additional codeword to each tag belonging to the group. The encoding device 1 writes the same additional codeword to each tag belonging to the group. That is, the additional codeword indicates a group of tags. The storage area in which the additional codeword is written is determined in advance, and the encoding device 1 writes the additional codeword in this predetermined storage area.

The determination device 6 determines the appropriateness of the tag group for the tags in the readable area. The outline of the process is as follows.
(4) First, the determination device 6 reads the identification codeword and the additional codeword from all the tags in the readable area at once or in order.
(5) Next, the determination device 6 generates a determination side additional codeword from the read identification codeword. The determination device 6 performs the same operation as that performed by the encoding device 1 to generate a determination-side additional codeword.
(6) Next, the determination device 6 determines whether or not the determination-side additional codeword is the same as the additional codeword. When the determination-side additional codeword is the same as the additional codeword, all tags included in the tag group in which the encoding device 1 has generated the additional codeword and a group of tags in an area readable by the determination device 6 It is determined that all the tags included in the tag are the same, and the tag group is determined to be appropriate. On the other hand, when the determination side additional codeword is different from the additional codeword, all the tags included in the tag group in which the encoding device 1 has generated the additional codeword and the tags in the region readable by the determination device 6 are included. It is determined that all the tags included in the group are different, and it is determined that the tag group is inappropriate.

The determination system 100 determines whether all the articles are available when, for example, a group of rental or leased articles is returned. Alternatively, the determination system 100 determines whether all the articles are available when a group of shipped articles is received.
A tag is attached in advance to each article, and each tag stores an identification code word in advance. The encoding device 1 writes the additional codeword in the tag of the article belonging to the group at the time of rental lease or shipment. The determination device 6 generates a determination side additional codeword from the identification codeword when the rental / lease product is returned or received, and determines whether or not it is the same as the additional codeword generated by the encoding device 1. Determine the adequacy of the tag group. The suitability of the tag group indicates the suitability of the article group.
Note that the encoding device 1 and the determination device 6 may be separate devices, or may be a single device having both functions. For example, when a group of rental or leased items is returned, when it is determined whether all the items are available, one device having both the function of the encoding device 1 and the function of the determination device 6 is used. be able to. On the other hand, when it is determined whether all the articles are available when the group of shipped articles is received, it is preferable that the encoding device 1 and the determination device 6 are separate devices.
In addition, the determination apparatus 6 can also determine whether the articles | goods of each group are prepared for the group of several tags. Details will be described later.

In the present embodiment, the determination system 100 uses an electronic tag as a tag.
When the encoding device 1 or the determination device 6 transmits a read request signal to the electronic tag by high-frequency radio, the electronic tag receives the signal, reads data from the built-in semiconductor memory according to this signal, and performs high-frequency radio Send the data. In addition, when the encoding device 1 transmits a write request signal including data to be written to the electronic tag by high-frequency radio, the electronic tag receives the signal, extracts data from the received signal, and writes the data to the semiconductor memory.

Next, reading and writing of an identification codeword and an additional codeword from an electronic tag performed by the encoding device 1 and the determination device 6 will be described.
FIG. 2 is a diagram illustrating a state in which the encoding device 1 and the determination device 6 read and write the identification codeword and the additional codeword from the electronic tag.

FIG. 4A shows a state where the encoding device 1 is reading an identification code word from the electronic tag.
In the figure, a predetermined storage area ma1, an encoding apparatus 1 and a radio signal rf1 on a semiconductor memory included in n electronic tags in an area readable by the encoding apparatus 1 are shown. A storage area in which each electronic tag stores an identification code word and an additional code word is predetermined. Different identification code words (identification code word 1, identification code word 2,... Identification code word n) are stored in advance in the storage area of the identification code word of each electronic tag. On the other hand, FIG. 5A shows a state where no additional codeword is written in the tag.
The encoding device 1 transmits an identification codeword read request signal to each electronic tag, and each electronic tag that has received this signal reads out the identification codeword from the semiconductor memory and returns it as a radio signal rf1. The encoding apparatus 1 reads the identification code word by receiving this radio signal.

FIG. 5B shows a state where the encoding device 1 has written an additional code word on the electronic tag.
In the figure, a predetermined area ma2 on a semiconductor memory included in n electronic tags in an area readable by the encoding apparatus 1 and the encoding apparatus 1 are shown. The encoding device 1 transmits a request for writing an additional codeword and an additional codeword to each electronic tag by a wireless signal, and each electronic tag that has received the request writes the additional codeword in the semiconductor memory. In the storage area of the identification code word, the identification code word stored in FIG. Further, the additional codeword written by the encoding device 1 is stored in the additional codeword storage area.
All of the electronic tags in the area that can be read by the encoding device 1 constitute one group of tags. The additional codeword identifies this group of tags.

FIG. 5C shows a state where the determination device 6 is reading the identification code word and the additional code word from the electronic tag.
In the figure, a predetermined area ma2 on the semiconductor memory included in the n electronic tags in the area readable by the encoding apparatus 1, the encoding apparatus 1, and the radio signal rf2 are shown. In the storage area of the identification code word, the identification code word stored in FIG. Further, the additional codeword stored by the encoding device 1 is held in the additional codeword storage area.
The determination device 6 transmits an identification codeword and additional codeword read request signal to each electronic tag, and each electronic tag that has received the readout reads the identification codeword and the additional codeword from the semiconductor memory and transmits the radio signal rf2. Reply with. The determination device 6 reads the identification code word by receiving this radio signal.

FIG. 3 is a functional block diagram illustrating a schematic configuration of the encoding device 1.
In FIG. 1, the encoding device 1 includes a reading unit 11, an additional code generation unit 12, a writing unit 13, an identification codeword storage unit 14, and an additional codeword storage unit 15.
The identification codeword storage unit 14 stores the identification codeword read by the reading unit 11. The additional codeword storage unit 15 stores the additional codeword generated by the additional codeword generation unit 12.
The reading unit 11 reads the identification code word from all the electronic tags in the readable area and writes it in the identification code word storage unit 14.
The additional codeword generation unit 12 reads the identification codeword from the identification codeword storage unit 14, generates an additional codeword, and writes it in the additional codeword storage unit 15. The writing unit 13 reads the additional codeword from the additional codeword storage unit 15 and writes the read additional codeword to each electronic tag.

FIG. 4 is a functional block diagram illustrating a schematic configuration of the determination device 6.
In the figure, a determination device 6 includes a reading unit 61, a group acquisition unit 62, a determination side additional codeword generation unit 63, a determination unit 64, an additional codeword storage unit 65, a group storage unit 66, and a determination side additional codeword storage unit. 67.
The code word storage unit 65 stores the identification code word and the additional code word read by the reading unit 61. The group storage unit 66 stores additional codewords written by the group acquisition unit 62. The determination side additional codeword storage unit 67 stores the determination side additional codeword generated by the determination side additional codeword generation unit 63 and the additional codeword read by the reading unit 61 in association with each other.

FIG. 5 is a data configuration diagram showing a configuration of data stored in the identification codeword storage unit 14.
As shown in the figure, the identification codeword storage unit 14 stores one or more identification codewords read by the reading unit 11 as one column of tabular data.

FIG. 6 is a data configuration diagram illustrating a configuration of data stored in the codeword storage unit 65.
As shown in the figure, the codeword storage unit 65 stores one or more identification codewords read by the reading unit 61 and additional codewords in association with each other as tabular data in two columns.

FIG. 7 is a data configuration diagram showing a configuration of data stored in the group storage unit 66.
As shown in the figure, the group storage unit 66 stores different additional codewords acquired by the group acquisition unit 62 as one column of table format data, that is, with an order added. As described above, since the additional codeword indicates a group of tags, one additional codeword corresponds to one group of tags. The group storage unit 66 stores additional codewords in the order in which the group acquisition unit 62 acquires additional codewords.

FIG. 8 is a data structure diagram illustrating a configuration of data stored in the determination-side additional codeword storage unit 67.
As shown in the figure, the determination-side additional codeword storage unit 67 associates the determination-side additional codeword generated by the determination-side additional codeword generation unit 63 with the additional codeword as tabular data in two columns, that is, Memorize with order. The determination side additional codeword storage unit 67 stores the additional codeword and the determination side additional codeword in the order in which the determination side additional codeword generation unit 63 generates the determination side additional codeword.

  Returning to FIG. 4, the reading unit 61 reads the identification codeword and the additional codeword from the electronic tag in the readable area, and writes it in the codeword storage unit 65. The group acquisition unit 62 reads the additional codeword from the codeword storage unit 65, and if the read additional codeword is different from any of the additional codewords stored in the group storage unit 66, the group acquisition unit 62 groups the read additional codeword Write to the storage unit 66. The determination side additional code storage unit 63 reads one additional codeword from the group storage unit 66 one by one, and reads all identification codewords stored in association with the read additional codeword from the codeword storage unit 65 for determination. A side additional codeword is generated and written in the determination side additional codeword storage unit 67 in association with the additional codeword. The determination unit 64 determines for each additional codeword whether or not the determination-side additional codeword is the same as the additional codeword. When the determination-side additional codeword is the same as the additional codeword, the determination-side additional codeword generation unit 63 determines that the group of the tag that generated the additional codeword by the encoding device 1 is the same as the group. To do. On the other hand, if the determination side additional codeword is different from the additional codeword, the encoding apparatus 1 determines that the group of the tag that generated the additional codeword is different from the group.

FIG. 9 is a functional block diagram showing a schematic configuration of the additional codeword generation unit 12 of FIG.
In the figure, an additional codeword generation unit 12 is exclusive of an identification codeword reading unit 121, a remainder calculation unit 122, an exclusive OR calculation unit 123, an additional codeword writing unit 124, and a generator polynomial storage unit 125. And a logical sum storage unit 126.
The generator polynomial storage unit 125 stores a generator polynomial used by the residue calculation unit 122 for residue calculation. The exclusive OR storage unit 126 stores the calculation result of the exclusive OR calculation unit 123.
The identification code word reading unit 121 reads the identification code word represented by the formula (1) one by one from the identification code word storage unit 14 of FIG.

  The remainder calculation unit 122 generates a cyclic code from each identification codeword read by the identification codeword reading unit 121. Specifically, the remainder calculation unit 122 first reads the generator polynomial G (x) represented by Expression (2) from the generator polynomial storage unit 125.

  Next, the remainder calculation unit 122 calculates the remainder R (x) represented by Expression (3) from the identification codeword F (x) read by the identification codeword reading unit 121 and the generator polynomial G (x). .

The remainder calculation unit 122 combines the original identification codeword F (x) and the remainder R (x) to generate a cyclic code. In the above description, the generator polynomial and the identification codeword are shown in polynomial expression. However, the generator polynomial storage unit 125 stores the coefficient polynomial (g _k−1 , g _k−2 ,..., G _1). , G ₀ ). Further, the identification code word is a sequence of coefficients (f _m−1 , f _m−2 ,..., F ₁ , f ₀ ) of the above polynomial.

The exclusive OR calculator 123 calculates an exclusive OR for each bit of the cyclic codes s ₁ , s ₂ ,..., S _k generated by the remainder calculator 122 to generate an additional codeword. The calculation performed by the exclusive OR calculation unit 123 is shown in Expression (4).

  After the additional codeword is generated, the additional codeword writing unit 124 reads the generated additional codeword from the exclusive OR storage unit 126 and writes it in the additional codeword storage unit 15 of FIG.

FIG. 10 is a functional block diagram showing a schematic configuration of the determination side additional codeword generation unit 63 of FIG.
In the figure, the determination side additional codeword generation unit 63 includes a group reading unit 631, an identification codeword reading unit 632, a remainder calculation unit 633, an exclusive OR calculation unit 634, an additional codeword writing unit 635, and a generator polynomial storage unit. 636 and an exclusive OR storage unit 637.
The generator polynomial storage unit 636 stores the same generator polynomial as the generator polynomial storage unit 125 of FIG. 9 in the same format. The exclusive OR storage unit 637 corresponds to the exclusive OR storage unit 126 of FIG.
The group reading unit 631 reads additional codewords one by one from the group storage unit 66 of FIG. The identification codeword reading unit 632 reads the identification codeword associated with the additional codeword read by the group reading unit 631 one by one from the codeword storage unit 65 of FIG. The remainder calculation unit 633 corresponds to the residue calculation unit 122 in FIG. 9, reads the same generator polynomial g (x) as the generator polynomial used by the residue calculation unit 122 from the generator polynomial storage unit 636, and identifies the identification codeword reading unit 632. A cyclic code is generated for the identification codeword f (x) read out by. The exclusive OR operation unit 634 generates a determination-side additional codeword in the same manner as the exclusive OR operation unit 123 of FIG. The exclusive OR operation unit 634 generates a determination-side additional codeword for each additional codeword. The additional codeword writing unit 634 writes the determination side additional codeword generated by the exclusive OR operation unit 634 to the determination side additional codeword storage unit 67 of FIG. 4 in association with the additional codeword.

Next, the operation of the encoding device 1 will be described.
The encoding device 1 reads all of the electronic tags in the readable area as one group and reads the identification codeword from each electronic tag. Each electronic tag may be collectively in the readable area or may be sequentially in the readable area. For example, the encoding device 1 includes a reading instruction button (not shown). When the reading instruction button is pressed, the encoding device 1 reads the identification codeword from all readable electronic tags.
Alternatively, the encoding device 1 includes a reading start button (not shown) and a reading end button (not shown). The encoding device 1 reads the identification codeword from the electronic tag that is sequentially presented and can be read from when the reading start button is pressed to when the reading end button is pressed.

FIG. 11 is a flowchart showing a procedure of processing performed by the encoding device 1.
When the reading instruction button or the reading start button is pressed, the reading unit 11 starts reading the identification codeword from the tag.
In step S1, the reading unit 11 determines whether or not reading is finished. When the electronic tags are collectively in the readable area, the reading unit 11 determines that the reading is finished when it is determined that there is no unread electronic tag. When the electronic tags are sequentially within the readable area, the reading unit 11 determines that the reading is completed when the reading end button is pressed. If it is determined that the reading is completed (step S1: YES), the process proceeds to step S2, and if it is determined that the reading is not completed (step S1: NO), the process proceeds to step S3.
In step S2, the reading unit 11 outputs a signal indicating the completion of the reading process to the additional codeword generation unit 12, and the additional codeword generation unit 12 starts a process of generating the additional codeword.
In step S3, the reading unit 11 reads a read code word from the electronic tag. Thereafter, the reading unit 11 returns to Step S1.

In step S4, the exclusive OR operation unit 123 initializes the data in the exclusive OR storage unit 126 to (0, 0,..., 0).
In step S5, the identification code word reading unit 121 reads one identification code word in the order stored in the identification code word storage unit 14 of FIG.
In step S <b> 6, the identification codeword reading unit 121 determines whether there is an unread identification codeword in the identification codeword storage unit 14. If there is a remaining identification code word (step S6: YES), the process proceeds to step S7, and if not (step S6: NO), the process proceeds to step S9.

In step S7, the identification codeword reading unit 121 outputs the read identification codeword to the remainder calculation unit 122, and the remainder calculation unit 122 generates a cyclic code from the input identification codeword identification codeword. Specifically, the generator polynomial is read from the generator polynomial storage unit 125, a remainder obtained by dividing the identification codeword input from the identification codeword reading unit 121 by the generator polynomial is calculated, and the original identification codeword and the remainder are combined. Thus, a cyclic code is generated. The remainder calculation unit 122 outputs the generated cyclic code to the exclusive OR calculation unit 123.
In step S <b> 8, the exclusive OR operation unit 123 calculates an exclusive OR for each bit of each cyclic code input from the remainder operation unit 122. Specifically, the exclusive OR operation unit 123 reads data from the exclusive OR storage unit 126, calculates the bitwise exclusive OR of the read data and the input cyclic code, and calculates the operation result. Write to exclusive OR storage unit 126. Thereafter, the additional codeword generation unit 12 returns to Step S5.

In step S 9, the identification codeword reading unit 121 outputs a signal indicating that there is no remaining identification codeword to the additional codeword writing unit 124, and the additional codeword writing unit 124 stores the data from the exclusive OR storage unit 126. Read and write to the additional codeword storage unit 15 of FIG. Here, the data that the additional codeword writing unit 124 reads from the exclusive OR storage unit 126 is an additional codeword. The additional codeword generation unit 12 outputs a signal indicating the completion of processing to the writing unit 13, and proceeds to step S10.
In step S10, the writing unit 13 determines whether or not the writing of the additional codeword to the tag is finished. When the electronic tags are collectively in the writable area, the writing unit 13 determines that the reading is completed when it is determined that there is no unwritten electronic tag. When the electronic tags are sequentially in the writable area, the writing unit 13 determines that the writing is finished when the writing end button is pressed. If it is determined that the writing has ended (step S10: YES), the encoding device 1 ends the process. If it is determined in step S10 that writing has not ended (step S10: NO), the writing unit 13 proceeds to step S11.
In step S11, the writing unit 13 writes the additional code word in the electronic tag. Thereafter, the writing unit 13 returns to Step S10.

As described above, the additional codeword generation unit 12 determines whether or not there are remaining identification codewords in step S6, and performs the processes in and after step S7 until there are no remaining identification codewords. On the other hand, cyclic code generation and exclusive OR operation are performed. That is, the calculation performed by the additional codeword generation unit 12 is a calculation corresponding to an arbitrary number of identification codewords. Therefore, the encoding apparatus 1 generates an additional codeword for a group of tags including an arbitrary number of tags.
In addition, since the cyclic code generation performed by the additional codeword generation unit 12 is an independent process for each identification codeword, the order of the identification codewords does not affect the generated cyclic code. In addition, the additional codeword generation unit 12 performs an operation for obtaining an exclusive OR for each bit with respect to the cyclic code. This exclusive OR operation is commutative. As described above, even if the order in which the identification codewords are input to the additional codeword generation unit 12 is changed, the same additional codeword is generated. That is, an exchange rule is established for the identification codeword. Therefore, the encoding device 1 generates the same additional codeword for the same group of tags regardless of the order in which the identification codewords are read.

Next, the operation of the determination device 6 will be described.
The reading unit 61 reads the identification codeword and the additional codeword from all the electronic tags in the readable area and writes them in the codeword storage unit 65. As in the case of the reading unit 11 of the encoding device, each electronic tag may be given all at once or may be given sequentially. When the identification code word is read from all the electronic tags in the readable area, the reading unit 61 outputs a signal indicating the completion of processing to the group acquisition unit 62.
When a signal indicating processing completion is input from the reading unit 61, the group acquisition unit 62 reads the additional codeword from the codeword storage unit 65 and writes different additional codewords to the group storage unit 66. Specifically, first, the group acquisition unit 62 initializes the group storage unit 66 to a state in which nothing is stored. Next, the group acquisition unit 62 reads out additional codewords one by one in the order stored in the codeword storage unit 65. The group acquisition unit 62 determines whether or not the read additional codeword is stored in the group storage unit 66. If not stored, the group acquisition unit 62 writes the additional codeword into the group storage unit 66. After performing this process for all the additional codewords stored in the codeword storage unit 65, the group acquisition unit 62 outputs a signal indicating the completion of the process to the determination side additional codeword generation unit 63. As described above, since the additional codeword indicates a group of tags, the group acquisition unit 62 classifies the identification codeword into a group using the additional codeword by a process of acquiring different additional codewords.

When a signal indicating processing completion is input from the group acquisition unit 62, the determination-side additional code generation unit 63 reads additional codewords one by one from the group storage unit 66, and stores them in association with the read additional codewords. Are read from the codeword storage unit 65 to generate a determination side additional codeword, and are written in the determination side additional codeword storage unit in association with the additional codeword. The operation of the determination side additional codeword generation unit 63 will be described later. When the generation of the determination side additional codeword is completed for all the groups, the determination side additional codeword generation unit 63 outputs a signal indicating the completion of processing to the determination unit 64.
When a signal indicating processing completion is input from the determination-side additional codeword generation unit 63, the determination unit 64 determines for each additional codeword whether the determination-side additional codeword is the same as the additional codeword. When the determination-side additional codeword is the same as the additional codeword, the determination-side additional codeword generation unit 63 determines that the group of the tag that generated the additional codeword by the encoding device 1 is the same as the group. To do. On the other hand, if the determination side additional codeword is different from the additional codeword, the encoding apparatus 1 determines that the group of the tag that generated the additional codeword is different from the group.

Next, the operation of the determination side additional codeword generation unit 63 will be described.
FIG. 12 is a flowchart showing a procedure in which the determination-side additional codeword generation unit 63 in FIG. 10 generates a determination-side additional codeword.
When the reading instruction button or the reading start button is pressed, the reading unit 11 starts reading the identification codeword from the tag.
When the group acquisition unit 62 completes the writing of all the additional codewords, it outputs a signal indicating processing completion to the determination side additional codeword generation unit 63, and the determination side additional codeword generation unit 63 generates the determination side additional codeword. Start processing.
In step S21, the additional codeword writing unit 635 initializes the value of the exclusive OR storage unit 637 in a sequence of 0 bits.
In step S <b> 22, the group reading unit 631 reads one additional codeword in the order stored in the group storage unit 66.
In step S <b> 23, the group reading unit 631 determines whether there is an unread additional codeword in the group storage unit 66. When there is an unread additional codeword (step S23: YES), the process proceeds to step S24. When there is no additional codeword (step S23: NO), the determination side additional codeword generation unit 63 generates a determination side additional codeword. Exit.

In step S24, the group reading unit 631 outputs the read additional codeword to the identification codeword reading unit 632, and the identification codeword reading unit 632 corresponds to the additional codeword from the group reading unit 631 in the codeword storage unit 65. One identification code word is read out in the order stored.
In step S <b> 25, the identification codeword reading unit 632 determines whether there is a remaining identification codeword that is associated with the additional codeword from the group reading unit 631 in the codeword storage unit 65 and has not been read out. When there is a remaining identification code word (step S25: YES), the process proceeds to step S26, and when there is not (step S25: NO), the process proceeds to step S28.
In step S26, the identification codeword reading unit 632 outputs the read identification codeword to the remainder calculation unit 633, and the remainder calculation unit 633 generates a cyclic code from the input identification codeword identification codeword. Specifically, the generator polynomial is read from the generator polynomial storage unit 636, a remainder obtained by dividing the identification codeword input from the identification codeword reading unit 632 by the generator polynomial is calculated, and the original identification codeword and the remainder are combined. Thus, a cyclic code is generated. The remainder calculation unit 633 outputs the generated cyclic code to the exclusive OR calculation unit 634.

In step S <b> 27, the exclusive OR operation unit 634 calculates the exclusive OR for each bit of each cyclic code input from the remainder operation unit 633 to generate a determination side additional codeword. Specifically, the exclusive OR operation unit 633 reads the data from the exclusive OR storage unit 637, calculates the bitwise exclusive OR of the read data and the input cyclic code, and calculates the operation result. Write to the exclusive OR storage unit 637. Thereafter, the determination side additional codeword generation unit 63 returns to Step S24.
In step S <b> 28, the identification codeword reading unit 632 outputs the additional codeword to the additional codeword writing unit 635. The additional codeword writing unit 635 reads the data (determination side additional codeword) from the exclusive OR storage unit 637 and associates the read determination side additional codeword with the additional codeword from the identification codeword reading unit 632. Write to the determination side additional codeword storage unit 67. Here, the data that the additional codeword writing unit 635 reads from the exclusive OR storage unit 637 is the determination side additional codeword. Thereafter, the determination side additional codeword generation unit 63 returns to Step S21.

As described above, the determination device 6 determines the adequacy of the tag group by generating the determination side additional codeword in the same process as the encoding device 1 generates the additional codeword. Therefore, it is possible to determine whether there is a missing item or replacement of an article without preparing information other than the identification code word. The electronic tag only needs to be able to read the identification codeword and read / write the additional codeword, and does not require any special function such as communication between the electronic tags. Further, since the group classification is indicated by the additional codeword, the determination device 6 can classify the identification codeword for each group and determine even if a plurality of groups of electronic tags are given.
Note that the encoding device 1 or the determination device 6 may generate the same additional codeword or determination-side additional codeword for different tag groups. Therefore, the determination system 100 may determine different tag groups as the same tag group. In this case, a determination error occurs in which the determination system 100 determines that a group of tags that should be determined as inappropriate is appropriate. However, by using an appropriate identification codeword or cyclic code, it is possible to reduce or prevent the occurrence of determination errors.

The code length of the identification code word is desirably 202 bits or less. In particular, in the case of an active tag, a collision of tag transmission waves may occur, so 64 bits or less are desirable. This is because it takes time to read and write as the code length increases.
The code length of the additional codeword is desirably 202 bits or less, as in the case of the identification codeword, and particularly desirably 64 bits or less in the case of an active tag.
The code length of the identification code word is preferably 10 bits or more. This is because the determination system 100 reduces determination errors that determine that different tag groups are the same tag group.
The code length of the additional codeword is preferably 10 bits or more. This is because, as in the case of the identification codeword, the determination system 100 reduces determination errors that determine that different tag groups are the same tag group. In order to reduce the above-described determination error, the code length of the additional codeword is preferably longer than the code length of the identification codeword.
Note that the encoding device 1 may write the identification codeword in the tag. In this case, the encoding apparatus 1 includes an identification code generation unit, and the identification code generation unit generates a unique identification code word for each tag, writes the identification code word in the identification code word storage unit 14, and outputs the identification code word to the writing unit 13. The writing unit 13 writes the identification code word in the tag. After writing the identification codeword to all the tags, the additional codeword generation unit 12 generates the additional codeword as described above, and the writing unit 13 writes the additional codeword to each tag.

One electronic tag may belong to a plurality of groups. In this case, the electronic tags belonging to a plurality of groups store a plurality of additional codewords.
FIG. 13 is a diagram illustrating an example in which one electronic tag stores a plurality of additional codewords. In the figure, the storage unit of the electronic tag includes a plurality of additional codeword storage areas.
First, tag 1, tag 2, and tag 5 are included in tag group 1. When these tags are placed in a readable area, the encoding device 1 writes the additional codeword 1 to these tags. Next, tag 3, tag 4, and tag 5 are included in tag group 2. When these tags are placed in a readable area, the encoding device 1 writes the additional codeword 2 to these tags. Thereby, as shown in the figure, the tag 5 stores a plurality of additional codewords.

The determination device 6 reads the identification codeword and all the additional codewords from the electronic tag, stores them in the codeword storage unit 65, and performs the above-described processing for each additional codeword.
FIG. 14 is a diagram illustrating a data structure of the codeword storage unit 65 that stores a plurality of additional codewords. In the figure, a codeword storage unit 65 stores an identification codeword and an additional codeword read from one electronic tag as data for one row. When a plurality of additional codewords are read from one electronic tag, the codeword storage unit 65 stores the identification codeword and the plurality of additional codewords as data for one row as shown in the row L1.
Thereby, the determination apparatus 6 can generate a determination-side additional codeword in which the identification codeword of the electronic tag is included in each of the plurality of groups, and perform appropriate determination.

In the present embodiment, the determination system 100 uses an electronic tag as a tag. However, any tag can be used as long as the encoding device 1 can read and write and the determination device 6 can read, and the determination system 100 is not limited to an electronic tag.
For example, the tag used by the determination system 100 may be a magnetic recording medium. In this case, the magnetic tag holds the identification code word and the additional code word with the magnetic pole of the magnetic recording medium. Further, both the encoding device 1 and the determination device 6 are provided with magnetic reading means such as a magnetic head to read the identification codeword and the additional codeword. The encoding device 1 includes writing means such as a magnetic head, and writes additional codewords by changing the magnetic poles of the magnetic recording medium.
Alternatively, the tag used by the determination system 100 may be an optical tag in which a barcode, a two-dimensional code, or a sequence of numbers (hereinafter also referred to as a barcode) is printed on paper or the like. In this case, the optical tag holds an identification code word and an additional code word by optical display such as a barcode. In addition, the encoding device 1 and the determination device 6 both include an optical reading means such as a camera or a barcode reader for reading, and the barcode or the like is pattern-recognized or character-recognized for identification codewords or additional codewords. Read. The encoding apparatus 1 includes a printing unit, and writes an additional codeword by printing a barcode or the like on a tag. The optical tag may be a thin film on which a barcode or the like is printed with a hologram. Alternatively, a bar code or the like may be printed on an article that is the target of determining the suitability of the group as a tag.
Alternatively, the tag used by the determination system 100 may be an optical tag in which a barcode or the like is displayed on the liquid crystal panel. In this case, the optical tag stores the identification codeword and the additional codeword in a storage unit such as a built-in semiconductor memory. The liquid crystal panel displays the identification code word and the additional code word stored in the storage unit as a barcode or the like. The encoding device 1 and the judgment difference 6 are both read by providing an optical reading means such as a camera or a barcode reader, and the barcode or the like is subjected to pattern recognition or character recognition to read an identification codeword or an additional codeword. . Also, the encoding device 1 includes a communication means for the optical tag and transmits an additional codeword to the optical tag, and the optical tag stores the received additional codeword in the storage unit.

<Second Embodiment>
The encoding device 1 and the determination device 6 of the first embodiment generate the additional codeword and the determination side additional code by generating the cyclic code and calculating the exclusive OR, respectively. The encoding device 2 and the determination device 7 that generate the additional codeword and the determination side additional codeword by calculation and exclusive OR operation will be described.
The schematic configuration of the encoding apparatus 2 of the present embodiment is the same as that described with reference to FIG. 3 except for the processing performed by the additional codeword generation unit 12, and the illustration and description thereof will be omitted. The additional codeword generation unit 12 generates an additional codeword by a hash operation and an exclusive OR operation.

FIG. 15 is a functional block diagram illustrating a schematic configuration of the additional codeword generation unit 12 of the encoding device 2.
In the figure, the additional codeword generation unit 12 includes an identification codeword reading unit 121, a hash calculation unit 122, an exclusive OR calculation unit 123, an additional codeword writing unit 124, and an exclusive OR storage unit 126. Is done. The identification codeword reading unit 121, the exclusive OR 123, the additional codeword writing unit 124, and the exclusive OR storage unit 126 are the same as the corresponding parts in FIG.
The hash calculation unit 222 reads identification codewords one by one from the identification codeword storage unit 14. The hash calculation unit 122 performs a hash calculation on each identification codeword read by the identification codeword reading unit 121 to generate a hash value. The hash calculation unit 222 performs a hash calculation using MD5 which is a known hash function. Alternatively, the hash calculator 222 may perform a hash calculation using another hash function such as SHA1.

  The schematic configuration of the determination device 7 is the same as that described with reference to FIG. 4 except for the processing performed by the determination-side additional codeword generation unit 63, and the illustration and description thereof are omitted. The determination side additional codeword generation unit 63 generates a determination side additional codeword by a hash operation and an exclusive OR operation.

FIG. 16 is a functional block diagram illustrating a schematic configuration of the determination device 7 determination side additional codeword generation unit 63.
In the figure, the determination side additional codeword generation unit 63 includes a group reading unit 631, an identification codeword reading unit 632, a hash operation unit 733, an exclusive OR operation unit 634, and an additional codeword writing unit 635. And a storage unit 637.
The group reading unit 631, the identification codeword reading unit 632, the exclusive OR operation unit 634, the additional codeword writing unit 635, and the exclusive OR storage unit 637 are the same as the corresponding parts in FIG. Omitted.
The hash calculator 733 performs the same hash calculation as the hash calculator 122 to generate a hash value.
As described with reference to FIG. 11, the operation performed by the additional codeword generation unit 12 is an operation corresponding to an arbitrary number of identification codewords, and an exchange rule is established for the identification codeword. Therefore, the encoding device 2 generates an additional codeword for a group of tags including an arbitrary number of tags. Also, the encoding device 2 generates the same additional codeword for the same group of tags regardless of the order in which the identification codewords are read.

Regarding the operation of the encoding device 2, the operations other than the additional codeword generation unit 12 are the same as the operations of the corresponding units of the encoding device 1 (FIG. 3), and a description thereof will be omitted.
FIG. 17 is a flowchart illustrating a procedure in which the additional codeword generation unit 12 of the encoding device 2 generates an additional codeword.
As in the case of the encoding device 1, the reading unit 11 outputs a signal indicating the completion of processing to the additional codeword generation unit 12 when the reading of all the identification codewords in the readable area is completed, and generates the additional codeword. The unit 12 starts processing for generating an additional codeword.
In the figure, steps S31 to S33, S35, and S36 correspond to steps S4 to S6, S8, and S9 of FIG. 11, respectively, and description thereof is omitted.
In step S34, the identification codeword reading unit 121 outputs the read identification codeword to the hash calculation unit 222, and the hash calculation unit 222 performs a hash calculation to generate a hash value from the input identification codeword identification codeword. . The hash calculator 222 outputs the generated hash value to the exclusive OR calculator 123.

Regarding the operation of the determination device 7, the operations other than the determination-side additional codeword generation unit 63 are the same as the operations of the corresponding units of the determination device 6 (FIG. 4), and a description thereof will be omitted.
FIG. 18 is a flowchart illustrating a procedure in which the determination-side additional codeword generation unit 63 of the determination device 7 generates the determination-side additional codeword.
As in the case of the determination device 6, when the group acquisition unit 62 completes the writing of all the additional codewords, the group acquisition unit 62 outputs a signal indicating processing completion to the determination side additional codeword generation unit 63. The process of generating the determination side additional codeword is started.
In the figure, steps S41 to S45 and S47 and S48 correspond to steps S21 to S25 and S27 and S28 of FIG. 12, respectively, and description thereof is omitted.
In step S46, the identification codeword reading unit 632 outputs the read identification codeword to the hash calculation unit 733, and the hash calculation unit 733 performs the same hash calculation as the hash calculation unit 222 (FIG. 15) and is input. A hash value is generated from the identification codeword identification codeword. The hash calculator 733 outputs the generated hash value to the exclusive OR calculator 634.

  As described above, like the encoding device 1 and the determination device 6 of the first embodiment, the determination device 7 generates the determination side additional codeword by the same process as the encoding device 2 generates the additional codeword. Thus, whether or not the tag group is appropriate is determined, so that the same effect as in the first embodiment can be obtained.

Note that the operation of generating the additional codeword from the identification codeword by the additional codeword generation unit 12 of the first embodiment is an operation that satisfies the exchange rule for the identification codeword as described above. Similarly, the operation in which the additional codeword generation unit 12 of the second embodiment generates an additional codeword from the identification codeword is also an operation in which an exchange rule is established for the identification codeword as described above. Thus, the same additional codeword is generated from the same tag group regardless of the order of reading the identification codeword.
In addition, the calculation for generating the cyclic code performed by the additional codeword generation unit 12 of the first embodiment is a calculation for increasing the distance (Hamming distance) between codewords. Similarly, the hash calculation performed by the additional codeword generation unit 12 of the second embodiment is also a calculation that makes the code length longer than the identification codeword and increases the distance between the codewords.
Further, the additional codeword generation unit 12 of the first embodiment and the additional codeword 12 of the second embodiment perform an operation of taking an exclusive OR. This exclusive logical sum is a reduced amount of information (increased entropy) compared to other operations (logical sum, logical product, etc.) while maintaining the length of the additional codeword constant regardless of the number of arguments. There is a feature that there is little degree of.
As described above, the additional codeword generation unit 12 of the first embodiment and the additional codeword generation unit 12 of the second embodiment can be obtained by increasing the distance between codewords and reducing the amount of information. The collision of additional codewords that give the same additional codeword to different tag groups is unlikely to occur.

3, 4, 9, and 10 are recorded on a computer-readable recording medium, and the program recorded on the recording medium is read into a computer system. The processing of each unit may be performed by executing. Here, the “computer system” includes an OS and hardware such as peripheral devices.
Further, the “computer system” includes a homepage providing environment (or display environment) if a WWW system is used.
The “computer-readable recording medium” refers to a storage device such as a flexible medium, a magneto-optical disk, a portable medium such as a ROM and a CD-ROM, and a hard disk incorporated in a computer system. Furthermore, the “computer-readable recording medium” dynamically holds a program for a short time like a communication line when transmitting a program via a network such as the Internet or a communication line such as a telephone line. In this case, a volatile memory in a computer system serving as a server or a client in that case, and a program that holds a program for a certain period of time are also included. The program may be a program for realizing a part of the functions described above, and may be a program capable of realizing the functions described above in combination with a program already recorded in a computer system.

The additional codeword generation unit 12 (FIG. 3) generates the additional codeword in the above-described cyclic code generation and exclusive OR operation, hash value generation and exclusive OR operation. However, the present invention is not limited to this, and other operations that take an arbitrary number of identification code words as input and satisfy an exchange rule for the identification code word may be used.
For example, the additional codeword generation unit 12 may calculate the exclusive OR of all the identification codewords included in the tag group. Alternatively, an exclusive OR may be calculated by extracting a predetermined part from each identification codeword included in the tag group. Alternatively, before or after calculating the exclusive OR of the cyclic codes generated from the identification codewords, NOT of the bit at a specific position may be taken.

  The embodiment of the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the drawings. However, the specific configuration is not limited to this embodiment, and includes design changes and the like within a scope not departing from the gist of the present invention.

As described above, the present invention is suitable for use in a determination system that determines the appropriateness of a group of tags.
For example, by using the present invention, a plurality of parties, such as logistics, such as manufacturers, wholesalers, retailers, consumers, etc. can inspect whether there is a shortage of goods. In addition, as in the rental lease system, it is possible to properly check whether all the items sent out have returned.

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1, 2 Encoding apparatus 6, 7 Judgment apparatus 11, 61 Reading part 12 Additional code production | generation part 13 Writing part 62 Group acquisition part 63 Determination side additional code production | generation part 64 Judgment part 121,632 Identification codeword reading part 122,633 Surplus Calculation unit 123, 634 Exclusive OR calculation unit 124, 635 Additional codeword writing unit 222, 733 Hash calculation unit 631 Group reading unit

Claims (10)

A reading unit that reads an identification codeword from each tag included in the tag group;
An additional codeword generating unit that inputs an arbitrary number of identification codewords and performs an operation on the identification codeword with respect to the identification codeword to generate an additional codeword that identifies the group of tags;
And a writing unit that writes the additional codeword to each tag included in the tag group in association with each of the identification codewords.   The operation performed by the additional codeword generation unit is an operation that generates a cyclic code from each of the identification codewords and calculates an exclusive OR for each bit of the generated cyclic code. The encoding device described.   2. The operation performed by the additional codeword generation unit is an operation of performing a hash operation on each of the identification codewords and calculating an exclusive OR for each bit of the generated hash value. The encoding device described in 1. A reading unit that reads an additional codeword for identifying a group of tags and an identification codeword from the tag;
A determination-side additional codeword generation unit that generates a determination-side additional codeword by performing the same operation as that used for generating the additional codeword on all of the read identification codewords;
If the read additional codeword and the generated determination-side additional codeword are the same, it is determined that the tag group at the time of additional codeword generation and the read tag group are the same, and read A determination unit that determines that if the additional codeword is different from the generated determination-side additional codeword, the tag group at the time of generating the additional codeword and the read tag group are different from each other. Judgment device. A group acquisition unit that classifies the identification codewords into groups based on whether the additional codewords read from the tag by the reading unit are the same;
The determination side additional codeword generation unit generates a determination side additional codeword by performing the same operation as that used for generating the additional codeword on all the identification codewords belonging to the same group,
If the read additional codeword and the generated determination side additional codeword are the same, the determination unit includes a tag group included in the group classified by the group acquisition unit and a group of tags when the additional codeword is generated. If it is determined that the group is the same, and the read additional codeword is different from the generated determination side additional codeword, it is included in the group of tags at the time of additional codeword generation and the group classified by the group acquisition unit The determination device according to claim 4, wherein the determination unit determines that the tag group is different.   The calculation performed by the determination side additional codeword generation unit is a calculation that generates a cyclic code from each of the identification codewords and calculates an exclusive OR for each bit of the generated cyclic code. The determination apparatus according to claim 4 or 5.   The operation performed by the determination side additional codeword generation unit is an operation that performs a hash operation on each of the identification codewords and calculates an exclusive OR for each bit of the generated hash value. The determination device according to claim 4 or 5. A reading unit that reads an identification codeword from each tag included in the tag group;
An additional codeword generating unit that inputs an arbitrary number of identification codewords and performs an operation on the identification codeword with respect to the identification codeword to generate an additional codeword that identifies the group of tags;
An encoding device comprising: a writing unit that associates the additional codeword with each of the identification codewords and writes the additional codeword to each tag included in the tag group;
A reading unit that reads an additional codeword and an identification codeword for identifying a group of tags from the tag;
A determination-side additional codeword generation unit that generates a determination-side additional codeword by performing the same operation as that used for generating the additional codeword on all of the read identification codewords;
If the read additional codeword and the generated determination-side additional codeword are the same, it is determined that the tag group at the time of additional codeword generation and the read tag group are the same, and read A determination device comprising: a determination unit configured to determine that if the additional codeword is different from the generated determination-side additional codeword, the tag group at the time of additional codeword generation is different from the read tag group; A determination system comprising: A reading step in which an encoding device reads an identification codeword from each tag included in the group of tags;
An additional code for generating an additional codeword for identifying the group of tags by performing an operation on the identification codeword with an arbitrary number of identification codewords as input and an exchange rule for the identification codeword. A word generation step;
The encoding method includes: a writing step of writing the additional codeword to each tag included in the tag group in association with each of the identification codewords. A reading step for reading an additional codeword and an identification codeword for identifying a group of tags from the tag;
A determination side additional codeword generation step for generating a determination side additional codeword by performing the same operation as that used for generating the additional codeword on all of the read identification codewords by the determination device;
If the read additional codeword and the generated determination-side additional codeword are the same, the determination device determines that the tag group at the time of additional codeword generation and the read tag group are the same And, if the read additional codeword is different from the generated determination side additional codeword, a determination step of determining that the tag group at the time of generating the additional codeword is different from the read tag group is provided. The determination method characterized by this.

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