JP2010533390A5 - - Google Patents

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JP2010533390A5
JP2010533390A5 JP2010513633A JP2010513633A JP2010533390A5 JP 2010533390 A5 JP2010533390 A5 JP 2010533390A5 JP 2010513633 A JP2010513633 A JP 2010513633A JP 2010513633 A JP2010513633 A JP 2010513633A JP 2010533390 A5 JP2010533390 A5 JP 2010533390A5
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key
mme
nas
authentication vector
security algorithm
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JP2010513633A
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JP4976548B2 (ja
JP2010533390A (ja
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JP2010513633A 2007-08-31 2008-08-27 端末が移動するときにセキュリティ機能を折衝するための方法、システム、および装置 Active JP4976548B2 (ja)

Applications Claiming Priority (5)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
CN200710145703 2007-08-31
CN200710145703.3 2007-08-31
CN200710151700.0 2007-09-26
CN2007101517000A CN101378591B (zh) 2007-08-31 2007-09-26 终端移动时安全能力协商的方法、系统及装置
PCT/CN2008/072165 WO2009030155A1 (fr) 2007-08-31 2008-08-27 Procédé, système et appareil pour négocier les capacités de sécurité lors du déplacement d'un terminal

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JP2010533390A JP2010533390A (ja) 2010-10-21
JP2010533390A5 true JP2010533390A5 (enExample) 2012-04-19
JP4976548B2 JP4976548B2 (ja) 2012-07-18

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JP2010513633A Active JP4976548B2 (ja) 2007-08-31 2008-08-27 端末が移動するときにセキュリティ機能を折衝するための方法、システム、および装置

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US (7) US8656169B2 (enExample)
EP (2) EP2139175B3 (enExample)
JP (1) JP4976548B2 (enExample)
CN (1) CN101378591B (enExample)
ES (1) ES2401039T7 (enExample)
PL (1) PL2139175T6 (enExample)
RU (1) RU2435319C2 (enExample)
WO (1) WO2009030155A1 (enExample)

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