JP2010514142A5 - - Google Patents

Claims (34)

A separator having a first surface defining at least a portion of a first chamber and a second surface defining a second chamber, the first chamber passing through the separator through the second chamber Said separator in ion communication with,
A plurality of cathode materials including at least a first cathode material and a second cathode material, wherein both cathode materials are in electrical communication with the separator, and both cathode materials include a reduced state and a metal halide; A plurality of cathode materials having a non-reducing state, wherein the first cathode material has a first potential, wherein the first potential is different from a second potential of the second cathode material;
An energy storage device comprising:
The energy storage device charges from the first potential to the second potential when the first cathode material is in a fully reduced state;
When either the first cathode material or the second cathode material is a transition metal, the cathode material other than the first cathode material and the second cathode material is not iron, arsenic, or tin;
An energy storage device characterized by that.   The energy storage device of claim 1, wherein the first cathode material comprises zinc and the second cathode material comprises copper.   The energy storage device of claim 1, wherein the first cathode material comprises nickel and the second cathode material comprises copper.   The energy storage device of claim 1, wherein the first cathode material comprises nickel and the second cathode material comprises zinc.   The energy storage device of claim 1, wherein the first cathode material comprises nickel, the second cathode material comprises zinc, and the plurality of cathode materials further comprises a third cathode material comprising copper.   The energy storage device of claim 1, wherein the first cathode material comprises nickel, the second cathode material comprises zinc or copper, and the plurality of cathode materials further comprises a third cathode material comprising molybdenum or tungsten. .   The energy storage device of claim 1, wherein the first cathode material comprises nickel, the second cathode material comprises zinc or copper, and the plurality of cathode materials further comprises a third cathode material comprising tin or arsenic. .   The energy storage device of claim 1, wherein the first cathode material comprises zinc, the second cathode material comprises copper, and the plurality of cathode materials further comprises a third cathode material comprising molybdenum or tungsten.   The first cathode material comprises zinc, the second cathode material comprises copper, and the plurality of cathode materials further comprises a third cathode material comprising nickel and a fourth cathode material comprising tin or arsenic. 2. The energy storage device according to 1.   The energy storage device according to claim 1, wherein the plurality of cathode materials include two or more metals selected from the group consisting of nickel, zinc, copper, chromium, and iron, provided that a proviso is provided.   The energy storage device of claim 1, wherein the first cathode material comprises nickel and the second cathode material comprises aluminum or chromium.   The energy storage device of claim 1, wherein the first cathode material comprises copper and the second cathode material comprises aluminum or chromium.   The energy storage device according to claim 1, wherein the plurality of cathode materials include three or more metals selected from the group consisting of nickel, zinc, copper, chromium, and iron.   The energy storage device of claim 1, wherein the plurality of cathode materials comprises nickel, zinc, copper, chromium and iron.   The energy storage device according to claim 1, wherein the plurality of cathode materials are substantially composed of two metals selected from the group consisting of nickel, zinc, copper, chromium, tungsten, molybdenum, and iron, subject to proviso. .   The plurality of cathode materials are substantially composed of three metals selected from the group consisting of aluminum, nickel, zinc, copper, chromium, tin, arsenic, tungsten, molybdenum, and iron, subject to proviso. The energy storage device described in 1.   The energy storage device of claim 1, wherein the first cathode material is present in an amount ranging from about 1: 1 to about 5: 1 relative to the second cathode material.   The energy storage device of claim 1, wherein the first cathode material is present in an amount ranging from about 5: 1 to about 20: 1 relative to the second cathode material.   The energy storage device of claim 1, wherein the first cathode material is present in an amount ranging from about 20: 1 to about 50: 1 relative to the second cathode material.   The energy storage device of claim 1, wherein the plurality of cathode materials comprise one or more halides selected from the group consisting of chlorine, fluorine, bromine and iodine.   The energy storage device of claim 1, wherein the plurality of cathode materials includes a supporting electrolyte that melts at an operating temperature in the range of greater than about 150 degrees Celsius.   The energy storage device according to claim 21, wherein the molten supporting electrolyte comprises a ternary melt.   The energy storage device of claim 21, wherein the molten supporting electrolyte comprises a binary melt.   The energy storage device according to claim 1, wherein the molten supporting electrolyte comprises sulfur or phosphorus.   The energy storage device of claim 1, further comprising an anode material comprising sodium.   26. The energy storage device according to claim 25, wherein the anode material further comprises aluminum or titanium. The energy storage device of claim 1, wherein the separator comprises β ″ alumina and at least one stabilizer that is an alkali metal oxide, alkaline metal oxide, transition metal oxide, or rare earth oxide.   28. The energy storage device of claim 27, wherein the stabilizer comprises a doped metal oxide that transports oxygen or a mixed metal oxide that transports oxygen.   The energy storage device according to claim 1, wherein the separator includes at least one of zirconia, yttria, hafnia, ceria, and tria.   An energy storage system comprising the energy storage device according to claim 1.   31. The energy storage system of claim 30, wherein the energy storage system is capable of storing an amount of energy greater than 10 kWh.   31. The energy storage system of claim 30, wherein the energy storage device has an energy / weight rating greater than 100 Wh / kg and an energy / volume rating greater than 160 Wh / liter.   31. The energy storage system according to claim 30, wherein the energy storage device has a specific power rating greater than 150 W / kg. 32. The energy storage system of claim 30, wherein the energy storage device has a power / energy ratio in the range of about 1 h ⁻¹ to about 10 h ⁻¹ .