JP2010279926A - Vertical crusher - Google Patents

Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a vertical crusher which is capable of following the variation of the thickness of a layer of a raw material on a rotary table on real time and crushes the raw material efficiently while preventing abnormal vibrations. <P>SOLUTION: In the vertical crusher which crushes the raw material loaded on the rotary table by using a crushing roller, the crushing roller is arranged at one end of a swing lever pivoted on a casing, and a hydraulic cylinder is connected to the other end of the swing lever. A spring expanding and contracting in the rotational direction of the swing lever is brought into contact with the crushing roller, and the force pressing the crushing roller toward the rotary table is adjusted according to the change of the amount of expansion and contraction of the spring. The configuration enables real-time adjustment of the force pressing the crushing roller toward the rotary table according to the status of the layer of the raw material on the rotary table without arrangement of a complicated controller. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2011,JPO&INPIT

Description

  The present invention mainly relates to a vertical crusher suitable for crushing coal, oil coke, slag, clinker, limestone, other inorganic raw materials, and organic raw materials such as biomass, and is particularly suitable for finely crushing raw materials. The present invention relates to a vertical crusher.

Conventionally, a crusher called a vertical crusher (sometimes called a vertical mill or a vertical roller mill) has been widely used as an apparatus for crushing coal or the like.
Here, the vertical crusher has an excellent characteristic that the raw material can be finely pulverized efficiently, but there is a possibility that abnormal vibration may occur depending on the type of raw material and the pulverizing conditions. Had a point. Abnormal vibrations that occur in the vertical crusher are induced by various causes, so it is necessary to take various measures according to the cause of the vibrations. Prevention measures have been proposed.

For example, as a situation where abnormal vibration is likely to occur, a case is known in which the height of the raw material layer changes when the raw material is pulverized in the machine.
Generally, the force (sometimes referred to as pressing force) for pressing the grinding roller in the direction of the rotary table is determined according to the type and amount of the raw material to be crushed by the vertical pulverizer. In a pulverizer, a crushing roller suitable for crushing a raw material having a thickness of the adjusted raw material layer by adjusting a thickness of the raw material layer staying on the rotary table by a dam called a dam ring usually arranged on the outer periphery of the rotary table Select the appropriate pressing force.

However, the properties of the raw material may change during operation of the vertical crusher. In such a case, the pulverization state in the machine may change, and the thickness of the raw material layer may change. . In such a case, the pressing force of the crushing roller may deviate from a value suitable for crushing, resulting in a problem that abnormal vibration occurs.

As one method for preventing such abnormal vibration, a conventional technique disclosed in Patent Document 1 is known. The prior art disclosed in Patent Document 1 is a technique of changing the rolling force (pressing force) of the crushing roller according to the state of the raw material layer on the rotary table.

Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 10-286477

Here, it is described that the conventional technique disclosed in Patent Document 1 can be expected to have a certain effect in terms of preventing abnormal vibration.
However, in the prior art disclosed in Patent Document 1, for example, the change in the raw material layer is detected by monitoring the raw material supply amount, and the reduction force of the crushing roller is changed based on the detected result. Yes.
In other words, the conventional method measures the status of the raw material supply amount with a sensor, etc., calculates the appropriate pressing force of the crushing roller based on the measured value, and reflects it in the hydraulic control of the hydraulic cylinder etc. I have to let it. Therefore, in the conventional method, there is a possibility that a control delay occurs after the raw material layer is changed until the rolling force of the grinding roller is adjusted. In addition, it may be possible to predict and control the change in the raw material layer based on the status of the raw material supply amount, but in many cases the predictive control cannot accurately predict the change in the raw material layer. There was also a concern that the pressing force would be adjusted too quickly.

In particular, under operating conditions where the raw material properties are uneven and the thickness of the raw material layer is repeatedly increased or decreased in a short cycle, the actual change in the thickness of the raw material layer and the grinding roller If there is a time lag between the adjustment of the pressing force, the control system causes hunting and returns to promote abnormal vibration.
The above-described conventional method requires a complicated control device to adjust the pressing force of the crushing roller, and in some cases, the control of the raw material layer cannot be accurately grasped. It may be defective.

  The present invention has been made in view of the above-described problems, and is suitable for efficiently dealing with a change in the thickness of the raw material layer in real time, preventing abnormal vibration, and efficiently pulverizing the raw material. The present invention relates to a vertical crusher.

In order to achieve the above object, a vertical crusher according to the present invention comprises:
(1) In a vertical crusher that crushes raw materials charged on a rotary table with a crushing roller, a crushing roller is arranged on one end side of a swing lever pivotally supported on the casing, and a hydraulic cylinder is installed on the other end side. In addition to being connected, a spring that expands and contracts with respect to the rotational direction of the swing lever is brought into contact, and the force for pressing the grinding roller in the direction of the rotary table is adjusted by changing the expansion and contraction amount of the spring.

(2) In the vertical pulverizer according to (1), a cylindrical fixed tube fixed to a casing of the vertical pulverizer and having a threaded portion formed on an inner periphery thereof, and an inner peripheral portion of the fixed tube A spring case that moves back and forth in the direction of the swing lever by screwing into the formed screw part and rotating,
An adjustment rod that is screwed through a screw hole formed in an adjustment plate provided in the spring case, moves forward and backward in the direction of the swing lever by rotating, and is inserted into the spring case, A spring that has one end abutting against the adjustment plate and the other end abutting against a pedestal disposed on the swing lever, and changing the amount of expansion and contraction of the spring by rotating the spring case to rotate the adjustment rod Thus, the distance between the adjustment rod and the pedestal is changed.

(3) In the vertical crusher according to (2), a handle is provided at one end of the adjusting rod.

  According to the present invention, the force for pressing the pulverizing roller against the rotary table can be adjusted in real time in accordance with the state of the raw material layer on the rotary table without providing a complicated control device.

According to the second invention, the pressing force of the crushing roller can be adjusted by a simple operation of rotating the spring case, and the swing lever can be rotated by a simple operation of rotating the adjusting rod. By limiting the range, metal touch between the grinding roller and the rotary table can be surely prevented.

It is a figure explaining the whole structure of a vertical grinder related to this embodiment. It is a figure explaining the arrangement | positioning and structure of a swing lever adjuster in connection with this embodiment. It is a figure explaining the relationship between the position of a swing lever and roller pressing force. It is a figure explaining the whole structure of the vertical crusher by a prior art.

Hereinafter, an example of a preferred embodiment of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the drawings.
1 and 2 relate to the present embodiment, FIG. 1 is a conceptual diagram illustrating the overall configuration of the vertical crusher, and FIG. 2 is a diagram illustrating the arrangement and structure of the swing lever adjuster. FIG. 3 is a diagram for explaining the relationship between the position of the swing lever and the roller pressing force, where (1) relates to the prior art and (2) relates to the present embodiment. FIG. 4 is a conceptual diagram illustrating the overall configuration of a vertical crusher according to the prior art.

Hereinafter, the preferable structure of the vertical crusher 1 by this invention is demonstrated.
The vertical pulverizer 1 used in the present embodiment is driven by a casing 1B and 1A that form the outline of the vertical pulverizer 1, a speed reducer 2B installed at the lower portion of the vertical pulverizer 1, as shown in FIG. A rotary table 2 driven by a motor 2M, a conical crushing roller 3 and the like are provided.
The vertical crusher 1 used in the present embodiment includes an inverter power supply as a driving power source for the drive motor 2M, and a variable speed vertical crusher in which the rotation speed of the rotary table can be arbitrarily changed during operation. Machine 1. Further, the vertical crusher 1 of the embodiment shown in FIG. 1 includes a rotary classifier 14 above the rotary table 2, and is disposed above the rotary table 2 as a classification mechanism of the classifier 14. The rotating classifying blade 14A is driven by a drive motor (not shown) installed on the top of the vertical crusher 1 so as to rotate freely.

  Further, in the vertical crusher 1 shown in FIG. 1, a gas supply port 33 for introducing gas is provided below the rotary table 2, and an upper intake for taking out the product together with the gas is further provided above the rotary table. An outlet 39 is provided. The vertical crusher 1 shown in FIG. 1 passes through the classifier 14 from below the rotary table 2 by introducing gas (air in this embodiment) from the gas supply port 33 during operation by the above-described configuration. Thus, a gas flow that flows to the upper outlet 39 is generated.

The raw material pulverized on the turntable 2 is blown up by the gas and rises in the casing and flows in the direction of the classifier 14, but the raw material having a large diameter and a large weight cannot reach the classifier 14, Alternatively, by falling without being able to pass, it is circulated in the vertical crusher 1 and becomes a circulating raw material that is pulverized again. The raw material having a small diameter that has passed through the classifier 14 is taken out as a product from the upper outlet 39.

Here, in the present embodiment, the crushing rollers 3 are arranged in plural (two in the present embodiment) on the upper surface of the rotary table 2 (also referred to as the upper surface 2A of the rotary table), and the direction of the rotary table 2 It is comprised so that it may be pressed by.
The crushing rollers 3 are arranged on the rotary table 2 so that two of them are opposed to the outer peripheral portion.
When the rotary table 2 rotates, the crushing roller 3 is driven and rotated with respect to the rotary table 2 via the raw material.

Here, in this embodiment, as shown in FIG. 1, the crushing roller 3 is arranged on the upper arm portion 6A of the swing lever 6 pivotally supported on the bearing portion 7 of the casing 1B, and the lower arm portion 6B is provided with the lower arm portion 6B. The piston rod 8A of the hydraulic cylinder 8 was connected.
In the present embodiment, as shown in FIG. 1, a swing lever adjuster 50 is disposed between the lower arm portion 6B and the casing 1B.

Hereinafter, the structure of the swing lever adjuster 50 will be described with reference to FIG.
The swing lever adjuster 50 according to the present embodiment is fixed to the casing 1B and has a cylindrical fixed pipe 51 (also referred to as a stand 51) having a threaded portion N1 formed on the inner periphery thereof. The screw case N1 (screw) formed in the adjustment plate 54A provided in the spring case 54 and the spring case 54 that moves forward and backward in the swing lever direction by being screwed into the screw portion N1 formed in the inner peripheral portion and rotating. (Also referred to as a portion N2) and is inserted into an adjustment rod 56 (also referred to as a spindle 56) that moves forward and backward in the direction of the swing lever by rotating. One end of the pedestal 60 contacts the adjustment plate 54 and the other end contacts the pedestal base 60A of the pedestal 60 disposed on the lower arm portion 6B of the swing lever 6. And a ring 52.
The pedestal 60 includes a pedestal base 60 </ b> A that contacts the spring 52 and a spindle receiver 60 </ b> B that contacts the adjustment rod 56.
A handle 58 for rotating the adjustment rod 56 is installed at the end of the adjustment rod 56 on the side opposite to the swing lever.

Hereinafter, the function of the swing lever adjuster 50 will be described.
According to the swing lever adjuster 50 according to the present embodiment, as a first adjustment function, the spring case 54 is rotated to change the expansion / contraction state of the spring 52, and the pulverizing roller 3 is moved by the swing lever 6 to the rotary table 2. The pressing force (crushing roller pressing force) can be adjusted.

The mechanism of the first adjustment function will be described.
By rotating the spring case 54 with respect to the fixed pipe 51 fixed to the casing 1B, the spring case 54 moves back and forth with respect to the swing lever direction. Here, the spring case 54 in this embodiment is composed of a guide cylinder 54B and an adjustment plate 54, and a spring 52 is inserted into the guide cylinder 54 and provided at the end of the guide cylinder 54B on the side opposite to the swing lever. One end of the spring 52 is in contact with and fixed to the adjusting plate 54A. Therefore, by rotating the spring case 54, the position of the adjustment plate 54A provided on the spring case 54 moves back and forth with respect to the swing lever direction, and one end of the spring 52 fixed to the adjustment plate 54A also moves back and forth. .

During operation, the lower arm portion 6 </ b> B moves back and forth toward the swing lever adjuster side as the swing lever 6 rotates. If the distance between the adjustment plate 54A and the pedestal base of the pedestal 60 becomes shorter than the natural length of the spring 52, the pedestal base 60A comes into contact with the spring 52, and as a result, the spring 52 is connected to the adjustment plate 54A and the pedestal base. It will be sandwiched between 60A and compressed, and the reaction force will be exerted as a spring by the amount contracted.

The force with which the swing lever 6 is pushed back by the reaction force of the spring 52 acts in a direction that weakens the force pressing the crushing roller 3 against the rotary table 2.
Accordingly, if the swing lever adjuster 50 according to the present embodiment is used, the spring case 54 can be rotated to change the expansion / contraction state of the spring 52. As a result, the swing roller 6 causes the crushing roller 3 to be rotated on the rotary table. 2 can be adjusted.

Further, according to the swing lever adjuster 50 according to the present embodiment, as the second adjustment function, the rotation range of the swing lever 6 is limited and the minimum separation distance between the grinding roller 3 and the rotary table 2 can be adjusted. it can.
The mechanism and the like of the second adjustment function will be described. When the adjustment rod 56 is rotated by turning the handle 58 attached to the adjustment rod 56, it is screwed into the screw portion N2 formed on the adjustment plate 54A. The adjustment rod 56 moves back and forth in the spring case 54 with respect to the swing lever direction, and the distance between the adjustment rod 56 and the base 60 changes.

In this embodiment, when the swing lever 6 rotates to the swing lever adjuster side, the grinding roller 3 moves so as to be pressed against the rotary table 2 side. On the other hand, when the adjustment rod 56 comes into contact, the swing lever 6 can no longer be rotated to the swing lever adjuster side.
When the rotation of the swing lever 6 is stopped, the lowering of the crushing roller 3 is stopped, and the crushing roller 3 can no longer move so as to be pressed against the rotary table 2 side.
Therefore, according to the present embodiment, the minimum separation distance between the crushing roller 3 and the rotary table 2 can be adjusted by changing the separation distance between the adjustment rod 56 and the pedestal 60.

  In addition, the model | type of the vertical crusher 1 which can be used for this embodiment is not restricted to what was mentioned above, Of course, it can change without deviating from the technical idea of this invention.

Hereinafter, a preferable example of the operation method of the vertical crusher 1 according to the present embodiment will be described. The raw material (in this embodiment, coal) input to the raw material input port 35 of the vertical crusher 1 is input to the vicinity of the center of the rotary table via the raw material input chute 13 while drawing a spiral trajectory, Move to the outer periphery of the rotary table.
Then, the raw material charged on the rotary table is combined with a circulating raw material, which will be described later, on the rotary table 2, and most of the raw material is caught in the rotary table 2 and the crushing roller 3 and pulverized again. Then, the raw material caught by the rotary table 2 and the pulverizing roller 3 passes over the dam ring 15 provided around the outer edge of the rotary table 2, and the gap between the outer peripheral portion of the upper surface 2 of the rotary table and the casing. To the annular passage 30 (sometimes referred to as the annular space 30).

The raw material that has reached the annular passage 30 is blown up by the gas and rises in the casing and tends to flow in the direction of the rotary separator 14, but the raw material having a large diameter and a large weight can reach the separator 14. By falling without being able to pass through the separator 14 or not, it becomes a circulating raw material that is circulated and repeatedly pulverized in the vertical crusher 1.

The circulating raw material is repeatedly supplied onto the rotary table until it reaches a predetermined particle size and discharged outside the apparatus, and is re-engaged between the rotary table 2 and the grinding roller 3 and pulverized. On the other hand, the raw material pulverized small to a predetermined particle diameter reaches the separator 14 and passes therethrough, and is taken out from the upper outlet 39 as a pulverized product.

When the thickness of the raw material layer changes due to some influence during operation, for example, in a conventional vertical crusher as shown in FIG. 4, the roller pressing force is determined by the force of the hydraulic cylinder and the roller's own weight. As shown in the diagram 3 (1), the roller pressing force for pressing the grinding roller 3 against the rotary table 2 does not change.
In contrast, in this embodiment, as shown in FIG. 3B, when the thickness of the raw material layer is small, a reaction force is generated by the spring 52, and the pressing force pressing the crushing roller 3 against the rotary table 2 is reduced. Get smaller.

In the present embodiment, if the swing lever position where the separation distance between the adjustment rod 56 and the base 60A is the same as the natural length of the spring 52 is point A, the spring is separated in the case where the separation distance is longer than point A. No reaction force due to 52 occurs.
Accordingly, the pressing force of the grinding roller is the sum of the hydraulic cylinder force and the roller weight.

In the present embodiment, in the case where the distance is shorter than the point A, a reaction force is generated by the spring 52. Therefore, the pressing force of the crushing roller 3 is a pressing force obtained by subtracting the reaction force of the spring 52 from the sum of the pressing force of the hydraulic cylinder 6 and the roller's own weight.
Therefore, in this embodiment, when the separation distance between the grinding roller 3 and the rotary table 2 is small, in other words, when the thickness of the raw material layer on the rotary table 2 is thin, the pressing force of the grinding roller 3 is As the thickness of the raw material layer increases, the pressing force of the crushing roller 3 gradually increases, and after reaching a certain value or more, it does not increase any more and becomes substantially constant.
Therefore, according to the vertical crusher 1 according to the present embodiment, the force for pressing the crushing roller 3 against the rotary table 2 can be adjusted in real time according to the thickness of the raw material layer, and is always suitable for the thickness of the raw material layer. It is possible to pulverize by the pressing force of the pulverizing roller 3.

According to the vertical crusher 1 according to the present embodiment, the pressing force of the crushing roller 3 naturally changes and increases / decreases as the thickness of the raw material layer changes. Therefore, if there is no delay due to control, there is no possibility of mispredicting.
Therefore, in particular, even when the thickness of the raw material layer is repeatedly increased or decreased in a short cycle, abnormal vibration can be reliably suppressed in response to the change.

In the swing lever adjuster 50 according to the present embodiment, the pressing force of the crushing roller 3 can be adjusted by a simple operation of rotating the spring case 54, and further, the adjustment rod 56 can be rotated easily. With this operation, it is possible to limit the rotation range of the swing lever 6 and prevent the metal touch between the grinding roller 3 and the rotary table 2.

As described above, the vertical crusher according to the present invention has abnormal vibration compared to the conventional case even when the properties of the raw material change and the thickness of the raw material layer may change during operation. Therefore, it can be used as a pulverizing apparatus particularly suitable for finely pulverizing the raw material.

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Vertical crusher 2 Rotary table 3 Crushing roller 6 Swing lever 6A Upper arm part 6B Lower arm part 7 Bearing part 8 Hydraulic cylinder 8A Piston rod 14 Classifier 15 Dam ring 35 Raw material inlet 39 Upper outlet 50 Swing lever Adjuster 51 Stand (fixed tube)
52 Spring
54 Spring case 54A Adjustment plate 54B Guide cylinder 56 Spindle (adjustment rod)
58 Handle 60 Base 60A Base base 60B Spindle holder

Claims (3)

In a vertical crusher that crushes the raw material charged on the rotary table with a crushing roller,
A crushing roller is arranged on one end side of a swing lever pivotally supported on the casing, a hydraulic cylinder is connected to the other end side, and a spring that expands and contracts in the rotation direction of the swing lever is contacted. A vertical crusher that adjusts the force of pressing the crushing roller in the direction of the rotary table by changing the amount of expansion and contraction of the spring. A cylindrical fixed tube fixed to the casing of the vertical crusher and having a threaded portion formed on the inner periphery;
A spring case that moves back and forth in the direction of the swing lever by being screwed into a threaded portion formed on the inner periphery of the fixed tube and rotating;
An adjustment rod that is screwed through a screw hole formed in an adjustment plate provided in the spring case, moves forward and backward in the direction of the swing lever by rotating,
And a spring inserted into the spring case, one end of which abuts against the adjusting plate and the other end abuts against a pedestal disposed on the swing lever, and the spring case is rotated to expand and contract the spring. The vertical crusher according to claim 1, wherein the distance between the adjusting rod and the pedestal is changed by changing the amount and rotating the adjusting rod.   The vertical crusher according to claim 2, wherein a handle is provided at one end of the adjusting rod.

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