JP2010279639A - Drill for bone perforation - Google Patents

Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a drill for bone perforation which can form a strong pilot hole interior even at a place with the low bone density. <P>SOLUTION: The drill 1 for bone perforation which can make a hole in a bone by being rotated, has a drill body 2 having a first groove 5 and a second groove 6 which axially extend, tip cutting edges 3 formed at the tip of the drill body 2, and peripheral cutting edge 9 formed in the upper end of wall surface 71 in the rotation direction rear side of the first groove 5. The first groove 5 is formed to deliver cutting dust of the bone, caused by the cutting of the bone by the tip cutting edges 3, to the rear end side of the drill body 2, and notch 8 to deliver the cutting dust in the first groove 5 to the second groove 6 during the rotation of the drill body 2 is formed in wall 7 separating the first groove 5 from the second groove 6. A rotation direction rear side wall 11 of the second groove 6 is a pressing portion pressing the cutting dust in the second groove 6 against the inside wall of the hole. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2011,JPO&INPIT

Description

  The present invention relates to a bone drilling drill capable of making a hole in a bone by rotating.

  Conventionally, a pilot hole is generally formed in a bone by a bone drilling drill. For example, when joining the bones of the fractured part, a pilot hole is drilled into the bone with a drill for bone drilling, and an osteosynthesis screw is inserted into the pilot hole, and these osteosynthesis screws protrude from the bone. The fixed parts are fixed to a bar member or a plate to join the bones together (see Patent Document 1). In addition, when cancer occurs in the femur etc., the affected part may have to be excised, but in this case, a pilot hole is formed in the femur etc. with a bone drill, An intramedullary nail is inserted into the lower hole to join the separated bone (Patent Document 2).

JP-A-6-105852 JP 2007-296180 A

  As described above, for various reasons, a pilot hole may be formed in a bone by a bone drilling drill, but there are places where bone density is low depending on the location. For this reason, as described above, a bone is drilled with a drill for bone drilling to form a pilot hole, and even if an osteosynthesis screw or intramedullary nail is buried in the pilot hole, if the bone density at that location is low, osteosynthesis There was a problem that screws and intramedullary nails could not be stably embedded in the pilot hole. In addition, there is a problem that this problem is particularly noticeable for people with osteoporosis.

  Therefore, an object of the present invention is to provide a bone drilling drill that can form a high-strength inner wall surface of a prepared hole in a bone even in a place where the bone density is low.

  A bone drilling drill according to a first aspect of the present invention is a bone drilling drill that forms a hole in a bone by rotating, the drill body, and a tip of the drill body so as to cut a bone to form a hole And a first groove formed on the outer peripheral surface of the drill body so as to send chips generated by cutting bone with the tip cutting edge to the rear end side of the drill body. And an outer peripheral cutting edge formed at the upper end of the wall surface on the rear side in the rotation direction of the first groove, and formed with a passage for sending the chips in the first groove to the rear side in the rotation direction. And a second groove that is formed on the rear side in the rotational direction of the outer peripheral cutting edge and temporarily stores the chips sent from the passage of the outer peripheral cutting edge, and the rearward direction in the rotational direction of the second groove The wall surface on the side presses the chips stored in the second groove against the wall surface of the bone hole. It is formed as a part.

  According to the bone drill for drilling according to the first aspect of the invention, first, a hole is formed in the bone by the tip cutting edge, and bone chips generated at this time are formed on the rear end side of the drill body by the first groove. Discharged. A part of the chips discharged to the rear end side of the drill body by the first groove is sent to the second groove through a passage formed in the outer peripheral cutting edge. The chips sent to the second groove are pressed against the inner wall surface of the hole by the pressing portion, which is the wall surface on the rear side in the rotation direction of the second groove, and fixed to the inner wall surface of the hole. As described above, the bone drilling drill according to the present invention increases the bone density by fixing bone chips to the inner wall surface of the hole even when the hole is formed in a place where the bone density is low. Strength can be improved. As a result, an osteosynthesis screw, an intramedullary nail, and the like can be stably fixed in the hole.

  The bone drilling drill according to the first aspect of the present invention can have various configurations. For example, the passage is preferably formed by a notch.

  Moreover, it is preferable that the said notch part is formed in the front-end | tip of an outer periphery cutting blade.

  Moreover, it is preferable that the first groove, the outer peripheral cutting edge, and the second groove respectively extend in a spiral shape.

  Moreover, it is preferable that the said press part inclines to the rotation direction back side.

  A bone drilling drill according to a second invention is a bone drilling drill for forming a hole in a bone by rotating, the drill body, and a tip of the drill body so as to cut a bone to form a hole And a first groove formed on the outer peripheral surface of the drill body so as to send chips generated by cutting bone with the tip cutting edge to the rear end side of the drill body. And an outer peripheral cutting edge formed at the upper end on the tip side of the wall surface on the rear side in the rotation direction of the first groove, and a rear end side of the outer peripheral cutting edge on the rear side in the rotation direction of the first groove. The wall surface is formed as a pressing portion that presses the chips stored in the first groove against the inner wall surface of the bone.

  In the bone drilling drill according to the second aspect of the invention, first, a hole is formed in the bone with the tip cutting edge, and bone chips generated at this time are collected in the first groove. The chips collected in the first groove are sent to the rear end side of the drill body as the drill body 2 enters the back of the bone. When the chips are sent to the rear end side of the wall surface on the rear side in the rotation direction of the first groove, the chips are pressed against the inner wall surface of the hole by the pressing portion which is the wall surface on the rear side in the rotation direction of the first groove. To be fixed. Thereby, the bone density of the inner wall surface of a hole becomes high, and the intensity | strength of a hole can be improved. As a result, an osteosynthesis screw, an intramedullary nail, and the like can be stably fixed in the hole.

  The bone drilling drill according to the second aspect of the present invention can have various configurations. For example, it is preferable that the first groove extends spirally.

  Moreover, it is preferable that the said press part inclines to the rotation direction back side.

  According to the present invention, a high-strength pilot hole can be formed in a bone even in a place where the bone density is low.

It is a side view which shows 1st Embodiment of the drill for bone drilling of this invention. It is a top view which shows 1st Embodiment of the drill for bone drilling of this invention. It is a front view which shows 1st Embodiment of the drill for bone drilling of this invention. It is a side view which shows 2nd Embodiment of the drill for bone drilling of this invention. It is a top view which shows 2nd Embodiment of the drill for bone drilling of this invention. It is a front view which shows 2nd Embodiment of the drill for bone drilling of this invention. It is a side view which shows other embodiment of the drill for bone drilling of this invention. It is a top view which shows other embodiment of the drill for bone drilling of this invention. It is a front view which shows other embodiment of the drill for bone drilling of this invention.

[First Embodiment]
Hereinafter, a first embodiment of a bone drilling drill according to the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings. 1 is a side view of a bone drilling drill according to the first embodiment, FIG. 2 is a plan view of the bone drilling drill according to the first embodiment, and FIG. 3 is a front view of the bone drilling drill according to the first embodiment. FIG. 1 and 2 are referred to as “axial direction”, the left side as “front end side”, the right side as “rear end side”, and the counterclockwise direction in FIG. 3 as “rotation direction”. To do.

  As shown in FIGS. 1 to 3, the bone drill 1 is mainly composed of a substantially cylindrical drill body 2. Although this drill main body 2 is not specifically limited, It is preferable that a diameter is 2-20 mm, and it is preferable that a material is stainless steel. A tip cutting edge 3 is formed at the tip of the drill body 2. The tip cutting edge 3 is for making a hole in the bone when the drill body 2 is rotated, and a ridge line between a flank 4 formed at the tip of the drill body 2 and a first groove 5 described later. It is constituted by. Two tip cutting edges 3 are formed at the tip of the drill body 2 so as to be pointed around the central axis C. The tip angle α formed by the two tip cutting edges 3 is preferably 40 to 160 degrees.

  Two first grooves 5 extending in the axial direction from the tip of the drill body 2 are formed in the drill body 2, and similarly, two second grooves 6 extending in the axial direction from the tip of the drill body 2 are also formed. Yes. These first and second grooves 5, 6 are the outer periphery of the drill body 2 at equal intervals in the circumferential direction in the order of the first groove 5, the second groove 6, the first groove 5, and the second groove 6. Formed on the surface. The first groove 5 is a groove for sending bone chips generated by cutting the bone with the tip cutting edge 3 to the rear end side of the drill body 2, and extends in a spiral shape in the axial direction. The cross-sectional shape of the first groove 5 cut along a plane perpendicular to the axial direction is an arc shape.

  The second groove 6 extends spirally from the tip of the drill body 2 and has a substantially V-shaped cross-section cut along a plane perpendicular to the axial direction of the drill body 2. Chips are sent to the second groove from the first groove 5 mainly through a notch 8 described later. The second groove 6 is formed longer in the axial direction than the first groove 5. In addition, the twist angle β of each first groove 5 and second groove 6 is preferably 5 to 50 degrees. Further, the first groove 5 and the second groove 6 are configured to gradually become shallower toward the rear end side.

  Between the 1st groove | channel 5 and the 2nd groove | channel 6, the 1st wall part 7 which separates these is formed. The first wall 7 constitutes a wall surface 71 on the rear side in the rotational direction of the first groove 5 and constitutes a wall surface 72 on the front side in the rotational direction of the second groove 6. A cutout portion 8 (passage) is formed on the distal end side of the first wall portion 7. The notch 8 is for sending the chips in the first groove 5 into the second groove 6. An outer peripheral cutting edge 9 is formed at the upper end portion of the wall surface 71 on the rear side in the rotation direction of the first groove 5. More specifically, the outer peripheral cutting edge 9 is constituted by a ridge line where a so-called margin portion 73 on the upper end surface of the first wall portion 7 intersects with a wall surface 71 on the rear side in the rotation direction of the first groove 5. The outer peripheral cutting edge 9 is for smoothing the unevenness of the inner wall surface of the hole formed by cutting with the tip cutting edge 3.

  Further, a second wall portion 10 is formed between the second groove 6 and the first groove 5 to separate them. The second wall portion 10 constitutes a wall surface 11 on the rear side in the rotational direction of the second groove 6 and constitutes a wall surface 12 on the front side in the rotational direction of the first groove 5. The wall surface 11 on the rear side in the rotational direction of the second groove 6 presses and fixes the bone chips sent from the first groove 5 into the second groove 6 to the inner wall surface of the hole. It is comprised so that it may incline on the opposite side to a rotation direction, ie, a rotation direction back side. The wall surface 11 on the rear side in the rotational direction of the second groove 6 is referred to as a pressing portion 11.

  Next, a method for using the bone drilling drill of the first embodiment described above will be described.

  First, the tip of the drill body 2 of the bone drilling drill 1 is applied to a place where an osteosynthesis screw or an intramedullary nail is to be embedded, and the bone is cut by rotating the drill body 2 and cutting the bone with the tip cutting edge 3. A pilot hole is formed. By cutting the bone with the tip cutting edge 3 in this way, bone chips are generated. The chips are collected in the first groove 5 as the drill body 2 rotates and sent to the rear end side of the drill body 2 through the first groove 5. Part of the chips that move through the second wall 6 is sent to the second groove 6 through the notch 8 formed in the first wall 7.

With the rotation of the drill body 2, the bone chips sent to the second groove 6 extend along the wall surface 11 on the rear side in the rotation direction of the second groove 6, that is, along the pressing portion 11 to the upper portion of the pressing portion 11. It moves and is finally pressed against the inner wall surface of the hole by the pressing portion 11. Thereby, the bone chips are pressed and fixed to the inner wall surface of the hole, and as a result, the bone density of the inner wall surface of the hole can be increased. As described above, when the bone drilling drill 1 enters the desired position while pressing and fixing the bone chips discharged when forming the hole to the inner wall surface of the hole, the bone drilling drill 1 continues from the inside of the lower hole while continuing to rotate. Pulled out. Then, an osteosynthesis screw, an intramedullary nail or the like is inserted and fixed in the prepared hole formed by the bone drill 1.
[Second Embodiment]
Next, a second embodiment of the second bone drilling drill according to the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings. 4 is a side view of the bone drilling drill according to the second embodiment, FIG. 5 is a plan view of the bone drilling drill according to the second embodiment, and FIG. 6 is a front view of the bone drilling drill according to the second embodiment. It is. As in the first embodiment, the horizontal direction in FIGS. 4 and 5 is “axial direction”, the left side is “tip side”, the right side is “rear end side”, and the counterclockwise direction in FIG. 6 is “rotation direction”. Will be described below.

  As shown in FIGS. 4 to 6, the bone drill 1 ′ is mainly composed of a substantially cylindrical drill body 2 ′. The drill body 2 ′ is not particularly limited, but preferably has a diameter of 1 to 20 mm, and the material can be the same as that of the drill body 2 of the first embodiment.

  A tip cutting edge 3 'is formed at the tip of the drill body 2'. The tip cutting edges 3 'are the same as those in the first embodiment, and are formed so as to be point-symmetric about the center axis C' of the drill body 2 'at the tip of the drill body 2'. Yes. The tip angle α ′ formed by the two tip cutting edges 3 ′ is preferably 40 to 160 degrees.

  In the drill body 2 ', two spiral first grooves 5' extending in the axial direction from the tip of the drill body 2 'are formed. The two first grooves 5 'are formed at equal intervals in the circumferential direction of the drill body 2'. Each first groove 5 ′ is divided into a first region 51 ′ at the front end portion and a second region 52 ′ at the rear end portion. The first groove 5 ′ in the first region 51 ′ is formed deeper than the first groove 5 ′ in the second region 52 ′. Further, the wall surface 11 ′ on the rear side in the rotation direction of the first groove 5 ′ is inclined forward in the rotation direction at the portion corresponding to the first region 51 ′, and the outer peripheral cutting edge 9 ′ is formed on the upper end portion thereof. Is formed. On the other hand, in the portion corresponding to the second region 52 ′, the wall surface 11 ′ on the rear side in the rotational direction of the first groove 5 ′ is inclined rearward in the rotational direction, and the bone stored in the first groove 5 ′ The structure is such that the chips are pressed and fixed to the inner wall surface of the hole. The wall surface 11 ′ on the rear side in the rotation direction of the first groove 5 ′ in the portion corresponding to the second region 52 ′ is referred to as a pressing portion 11 ′. Further, the twist angle β ′ of the first groove 5 ′ is preferably 5 to 50 degrees.

  Next, a method for using the bone drilling drill according to the second embodiment will be described.

  First, by rotating the drill body 2 ', the bone is cut by the tip cutting edge 3' to form a prepared hole. The bone chips generated at this time are collected in the first region 51 ′ of the first groove 5 ′ and sent to the rear end side of the drill body 2 ′. When the chips sent to the rear end side reach the second region 52 ′ of the first groove 5 ′, the chips move upward along the wall surface (pressing portion) 11 ′ with the rotation of the drill body 2 ′. Then, the chip is pressed against the inner wall surface of the lower hole by the wall surface (pressing portion) 11 ′ and is fixed to the inner wall surface of the lower hole. In this way, the bone drilling drill 1 'allows the bone chips generated by forming the pilot hole to press and adhere to the inner wall surface of the hole, and continues to rotate as it enters the desired position. Pulled out from. Then, an osteosynthesis screw, an intramedullary nail, or the like is inserted and fixed in the prepared hole formed by the bone drill 1.

  As described above, according to the first and second embodiments, the bone chips generated by cutting the bone with the tip cutting edges 3 and 3 ′ are not discharged to the outside, but are pressed by the pressing portions 11 and 11 ′. The bone density of the inner wall surface of the hole can be improved because it is pressed and fixed to the inner wall surface of the hole, and as a result, the bone screws and intramedullary nails inserted into the lower hole can be stably inserted into the bone. Can be fixed to.

  As mentioned above, although embodiment of this invention was described, this invention is not limited to these, A various change is possible unless it deviates from the meaning of this invention. For example, in the said 1st Embodiment, although the 1st wall part 7 which separates the 1st groove | channel 5 and the 2nd groove | channel 6 had the notch part 8 formed in the front end side, it shows to FIGS. Thus, the outer peripheral cutting edge 9 can be formed only on the front end side, and the notch 8 can be formed on the rear end side.

  Moreover, in the said 1st Embodiment, although the channel | path which sends a chip from the 1st groove | channel 5 to the 2nd groove | channel 6 is comprised by the notch part 8, it is not specifically limited to this, For example, The passage can also be constituted by a through hole formed in the first wall portion 7. Moreover, the place where the notch 8 is formed is not particularly limited, and may be formed at the center or the rear end side of the first wall 7. Furthermore, by forming a plurality of notches 8, more chips in the first groove 7 can be sent into the second groove 6.

  Moreover, the number of the tip cutting edge 3, the 1st groove | channel 5, the 2nd groove | channel 6, the 1st wall part 7, etc. of said each embodiment is not specifically limited.

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Bone drill 2 Drill main body 3 Tip cutting edge 5 1st groove | channel 6 2nd groove | channel 7 1st wall part 8 Notch part (passage | path)
9 Outer peripheral edge 11 Pressing part

Claims (8)

A drill for drilling bone that can be drilled into the bone by rotating,
A drill body in which a first groove and a second groove extending in the axial direction are formed;
A tip cutting edge formed at the tip of the drill body;
An outer peripheral cutting edge formed at the upper end of the wall surface on the rear side in the rotational direction of the first groove,
The first groove is formed so as to send bone chips generated by cutting bone with the tip cutting blade to the rear end side of the drill body,
A passage for sending chips in the first groove into the second groove when the drill body rotates is formed in the wall portion separating the first groove and the second groove. And
A wall drilling drill, wherein the wall surface on the rear side in the rotation direction of the second groove is a pressing portion that presses the chips in the second groove against the wall surface in the hole.   The bone drill according to claim 1, wherein the passage is formed by a notch.   The bone drilling drill according to claim 2, wherein the notch is formed on a distal end side of the wall.   The bone drilling drill according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein each of the first groove and the second groove extends spirally.   The bone pressing drill according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the pressing portion is inclined rearward in the rotation direction. A drill for drilling bone that can be drilled into the bone by rotating,
A drill body in which a first groove extending in the axial direction is formed;
A tip cutting edge formed at the tip of the drill body;
An outer peripheral cutting edge formed at the top end of the wall surface on the rear side in the rotational direction of the first groove,
The first groove is formed so as to send bone chips generated by cutting bone with the tip cutting blade to the rear end side of the drill body,
The bone drilling drill, wherein the wall surface on the rear side in the rotation direction of the first groove on the rear end side with respect to the outer peripheral cutting edge is a pressing portion that presses the chips in the first groove against the inner wall surface of the hole.   The bone drilling drill according to claim 6, wherein the first groove extends in a spiral shape.   The bone pressing drill according to claim 6 or 7, wherein the pressing portion is inclined rearward in the rotation direction.

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