JP2010277314A - P2p distribution method and system - Google Patents

Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To create a peer list on which the network information of each network is reflected in a P2P network configured of a plurality of networks by which any network information is not shared. <P>SOLUTION: A P2P distribution method includes procedures (1) to (3) that a request peer transmits a peer request in which the IP address of a self-peer, the number of peer requests, the IP address of an NW information management server 10a and a content identifier are written to a distribution control server 50; a procedure (4) that the distribution control server 50 transmits a peer list creation request in which the IP address of the request peer, the number of request peers, and the peer candidates of the content are written to the NW information management server 10a; procedures (5) to (11) that the NW information management server 10a extracts a self-management peer node from the peer candidates, and creates a peer list, and transmits the peer list to the distribution control server 50; a procedure (12) that the distribution control server 50 transmits the peer list to the request peer; and a procedure (13) that the request peer downloads the piece of content on the basis of the peer list. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2011,JPO&INPIT

Description

  The present invention relates to a P2P distribution method and system for distributing contents by P2P communication, and in particular, a network to which a distribution control server that creates a peer node list belongs is different from a network to which a requesting peer belongs, and is required by the distribution control server. The present invention relates to a P2P network distribution method and system suitable for a network configuration that cannot refer to a peer network topology.

  In recent years, content distribution using P2P technology has increased traffic between ISPs (Internet Services Providers) or within IP, and this has greatly strained the backbone. In response to such technical issues, P4P that allows multiple ISPs to publish network information, uses the public information on the P2P distribution service side, and provides efficient distribution for both parties by cooperation between the ISP and the distribution service. Non-Patent Document 1 discloses an approach called (Provider Portal for P2P).

  In this P4P, in addition to a distribution control server that monitors the address of a peer node that possesses a piece of content and creates a peer node list, a server called iTracker is installed in each ISP. iTracker maintains the network status inside the ISP, and when content distribution is requested by a peer, the distribution control server creates a peer list that lists the connectable peer candidates in order of priority. To iTracker. iTracker calculates the distance (P4P-distance) and bandwidth between the requesting peer and each peer candidate based on the network information held by itself, and notifies the distribution control server of it. The distribution control server creates a peer list based on the distance and bandwidth between peers, and returns this to the requesting peer.

P4P: Provider Portal for Applications http://www.cs.washington.edu/homes/arvind/papers/p4p.pdf

  In the above-described conventional technology, the network information published by a plurality of ISPs is used on the P2P distribution service side, and the ISP and the distribution service cooperate with each other to perform efficient distribution for both parties, thereby reducing the amount of traffic.

  For example, when the distribution control server provides a list of peer candidates that can be connected to a requesting peer that has requested content, if a peer node belonging to the same ISP as the requesting peer is preferentially registered in the peer list, the ISP The amount of traffic in between can be reduced.

  However, the above prior art is based on the premise that each ISP publishes its own network information, and cannot be applied to a P2P network constituted by a plurality of ISP networks that do not publish or cannot publish network information.

  The object of the present invention is to solve the above-mentioned problems of the prior art, and in a P2P network composed of a plurality of networks that do not share network information, the network information of each network is stored regardless of the network address of the requesting peer or content server It is an object of the present invention to provide a P2P distribution method and system capable of creating a reflected peer list and providing it to a requesting peer.

  In order to achieve the above object, the present invention provides a content file divided into a plurality of pieces and distributed to each peer on a P2P network including a plurality of networks that do not share network information. A P2P distribution system that acquires a peer list and collects pieces from each peer is characterized by the following measures.

  (1) A network information management server that manages network information of each network and a distribution control server that manages address information of peer nodes that possess pieces of content are provided. The distribution control server receives, from the requesting peer, a peer list request in which address information of the requesting peer and address information of the network information management server that manages information of the network to which the requesting peer belongs are described, Means for transmitting to the network information management server a peer list creation request in which address information of the requesting peer and address information of candidate peers possessing pieces of content are described in response to the peer list request; and the network information Means for returning a peer list response described in the peer list described in the peer list creation response returned from the management server to the requesting peer. The network information management server extracts means for extracting peer candidate address information described in the peer list creation request received from the distribution control server, means for extracting management peer nodes to be managed from the peer candidates, and extracted Means for creating a peer list including a management peer node, and means for sending a peer list creation response describing the peer list to the distribution control server.

  (2) The means for creating the peer list sets a higher priority for each peer in the peer list in order of increasing distance from the requesting peer on the network.

  (3) The network information management server includes means for extracting unmanaged peer nodes that are not managed from peer candidates, and means for creating a peer list includes the managed peer nodes and the unmanaged peer nodes at a predetermined ratio. Create a peer list.

  (4) In the peer list, the priority of the management peer node is set higher than the priority of the non-management peer node.

  (5) Each network includes a network management server that manages the address information of the network information management server and the address information of the management target network, and the network management server describes the IP address of the requesting peer from the requesting peer. Based on the address information on the network management server and the address information of the requesting peer, a network information management server having a short distance on the network is searched, and an address response in which the address information is described is sent to the requesting peer. And a means for replying.

  According to the present invention, the following effects are achieved.

(1) Even if the distribution control server and the requesting peer do not exist in the same ISP network and the distribution control server cannot refer to the information of the network to which the requesting peer belongs, the distribution control server By transferring a part of the creation of the peer list to the server that manages the information of the network to which it belongs, it becomes possible to create a peer list based on the information of the network to which the requesting peer belongs.

(2) Since a priority is set for each peer in the peer list provided to the requesting peer, the requesting peer can establish efficient P2P distribution by probing P2P connections in order of priority.

(3) Since not only managed peer nodes in the same segment but also unmanaged peer nodes in other segments are registered in the peer list provided to the requesting peer, pieces like popular content are registered. P2P distribution that does not squeeze the bandwidth of the backbone is possible if it is fully distributed, while pieces can be downloaded from other segments if the piece is not sufficiently distributed, so it is possible to suppress backbone traffic and P2P It becomes possible to achieve both high-speed delivery.

(4) When both the management peer node and the non-management peer node are registered in the peer list, the priority of the management peer node is set higher than the priority of the non-management peer node, so that the delivery from the peer in the same segment is given priority, Traffic volume between segments can be reduced.

(5) Even if the network to which the requesting peer belongs consists of multiple segments and network information is managed for each segment, the address of the server that manages the segment to which the requesting peer belongs is obtained Therefore, even if multiple information management servers are installed in the network to which the requesting peer belongs, the distribution control server is associated with the requesting peer, It is possible to request creation of a peer list.

1 is a diagram showing a network configuration of a P2P distribution system to which the present invention is applied. It is the functional block diagram which showed the structure of the network information management server and the delivery control server. It is a sequence flow of one embodiment of the present invention. It is the figure which showed typically the preparation procedure of a peer list. It is the figure which showed the network structure of 2nd Embodiment of this invention. It is the figure which showed the network structure of 3rd Embodiment of this invention.

  Hereinafter, embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the drawings. FIG. 1 is a diagram showing a network configuration of a P2P distribution system to which the present invention is applied. Here, a P2P network is composed of networks of three Internet service providers ISP-A, ISP-B, and ISP-C. The case where each ISP network is composed of a single segment A, B, and C will be described as an example.

  Each ISP network includes a network (NW) information management server (n-Tracker) 10 that collects and manages network information including a network topology on a segment basis, and address information of the NW information management server 10 and the management target network. A network (NW) management server (nT-Manager) 20 that manages address information (network address) is accommodated together with a number of peer nodes 30 and their routers 40.

  The service provider ISP-B, which is the content distribution source, further possesses a content server 60 in which content files such as movies and music are stored, and each piece of content (a number of pieces of pieces of files). In response to a peer list request from peer node Peer # 1 (hereinafter also referred to as a requesting peer) that requests content delivery, the list of peer nodes that possess pieces is managed. A distribution control server (p-Tracker) 50 to be provided is accommodated.

  In such a configuration, when a content file is first downloaded from the content server 60 to a peer, all the files are downloaded from the content server 60. Thereafter, the content file is divided into a plurality of pieces and networked. Distributed to each of the above peer nodes.

  Thereafter, when the requesting peer Peer # 1 downloads the content file, the meta information file is first acquired by P2P distribution. This meta information file describes the address information of the distribution control server 50 that manages the distribution of contents, and the requesting peer Peer # 1 requests the peer list from the distribution control server 50 and obtains it. To do. Requesting peer Peer # 1 further collects pieces from each peer on the network based on this peer list and combines them to reconstruct the content file.

  FIG. 2 is a block diagram showing the configuration of the main parts of the NW information management server 10 and the distribution control server 50. Here, one of the peers belonging to the segment A of ISP-A is the requesting peer Peer # 1. The configuration for downloading the content of the content server 60 accommodated in the ISP-B network will be described focusing on the segment A NW information management server 10a and the segment B distribution control server 50. FIG.

  In the NW information management server 10a, the NW information detection unit 101 communicates with the router 40a to which each peer 30 in the segment A is connected, and as information related to the distance on the network between peer nodes, the distance / Information such as bandwidth, bandwidth usage, cost, and line (FTTH / ADSL) is detected along with the network topology. Such information detection is periodically performed at a predetermined cycle and is also performed each time a failure occurs. The NW information management unit 102 centrally manages the network topology and the distance between the peer nodes on the network based on these pieces of information.

  In the distribution control server 50, the peer list request receiving unit 201 receives from the request peer Peer # 1 of the segment A a peer list request message in which its IP address, content identification information, and requested peer number N are described. The peer node extraction unit 202 manages the IP address of the peer node holding all or part of the piece for each content regardless of the network segment of each peer node, and the content identification information described in the peer list request message Based on the above, the IP address of the peer node candidate possessing the piece is extracted. The peer list creation request unit 203 generates a peer list creation request message in which the IP address of the request peer Peer # 1, the IP address of the extracted peer node candidate and the number N of requested peers are described, and this is generated as the NW of the segment A It transmits to the information management server 10a.

  Returning to the NW information management server 10a, the peer node identifying unit 103 refers to the address of the peer node candidate described in the peer list creation request message received from the distribution control server 50, and refers to the peer node belonging to the segment A to be managed (hereinafter, And a peer node belonging to other segments B and C (hereinafter referred to as an unmanaged peer node). The priority setting unit 104 sorts the management peer nodes in order of increasing distance from the requesting peer Peer # 1 on the network.

  The peer list creation unit 105 acquires a part (Sr%) of the number of peer nodes N requested by the requesting peer Peer # 1 from the top of the sorted management peer nodes, and further obtains the remaining (100-Sr)%. Are randomly extracted from the unmanaged peer nodes belonging to the segments B and C, and a peer list in which the IP addresses of N peer nodes are described in total is created. The peer list providing unit 106 generates a peer list creation response message in which the peer list is described, and transmits this message to the distribution control server 50 of the segment B.

  Returning to the distribution control server 50, the peer list response transmission unit 204 receives the peer list creation response message returned from the NW information management server 10, and describes the peer list described in this message in the peer list response message. And reply to the requesting peer Peer # 1.

  Next, referring to the sequence flow of FIG. 3, an example in which one of the peers belonging to the segment A of ISP-A downloads the content stored in the content server 60 of ISP-B as the requesting peer Peer # 1. The operation of the embodiment of the present invention will be described.

  Step (1): The requesting peer Peer # 1 obtains the IP address of its peer Peer # 1 in order to obtain the IP address of the NW information management server 10a (n-Tracker) that manages the network information of the segment A to which the peer belongs. An address request message in which an address is described is generated and transmitted to the NW management server (nT-Manager) 20a in the same segment.

  Step (2): The network management server 20a holds address information of at least one NW information management server 10, and based on the IP address of the request peer Peer # 1 registered in the received address request message. The NW information management server 10 close to the requesting peer is searched, and its IP address is described in an address response message and returned to the peer Peer # 1. In this embodiment, since there is only one segment in the ISP-A network, the IP address of the NW information management server 10a that manages the segment A is returned.

  The above steps (1) and (2) may be executed periodically regardless of whether or not each peer is the requesting peer Peer # 1, or in a P2P application, it is automatically performed immediately after starting. Alternatively, an “address acquisition button” may be provided on the execution screen of the P2P application and executed when the button is clicked.

  If the IP address of the NW information management server 10a is known to the requesting peer Peer # 1, the steps (1) and (2) may be omitted.

  Step (3): The requesting peer Peer # 1 generates a peer list request message describing the IP address of its own peer Peer # 1, the IP address of the NW information management server 10a, the identifier of the requested content, and the number N of requested peers Then, this is transmitted to the distribution control server (p-Tracker) 50 of the ISP-B network.

  Step (4): The distribution control server 50 has the IP address of the requesting peer Peer # 1 and the requesting peer number M described in the received peer list request message, and all of the pieces of content requested. A peer list creation request message in which address information of peer candidates is described is generated and transmitted to the segment A network information management server 10a.

  Procedure (5): The NW information management server 10a refers to the IP addresses of all the peer candidates described in the peer list creation request, and identifies the management peer node belonging to the segment A managed by itself.

  Procedure (6): The NW information management server 10a refers to the IP addresses of all the peer candidates described in the peer list request message, and identifies unmanaged peer nodes belonging to other than the segment A.

  Procedure (7): The NW information management server 10a calculates the distances between all the management peer nodes belonging to the segment A and the requesting peer Peer # 1.

  Procedure (8): The NW information management server 10a sorts all the management peer nodes in the order of the distance from the requesting peer Peer # 1.

  Procedure (9): The NW information management server 10a selects the number of peers corresponding to Sr% of the requested peer number N from the top of the sort order, and registers them in the peer list in the sort order from the top.

  Step (10): The NW information management server 10a randomly selects a number of peer nodes corresponding to (100−Sr)% from the unmanaged peer nodes and adds them to the lower level of the peer list.

  FIG. 4 is a diagram schematically showing a peer list creation procedure when the number of requested peers is “5” and the management peer node ratio Sr is “60%”. The top three IP addresses are registered in the sort order, and two IP addresses randomly selected from unmanaged peer nodes are registered below the peer list.

  As described above, in this embodiment, when generating the peer list, the peer nodes in the same segment as the requesting peer Peer # 1 are registered in the higher priority level, and the peer nodes in other segments are also registered at a predetermined ratio. ing. Therefore, P2P distribution that does not squeeze the backbone bandwidth is possible when the pieces are sufficiently spread like popular content, and pieces are also taken from other segments when the pieces are not spread sufficiently Since it can be downloaded, both backbone traffic suppression and high-speed P2P distribution can be achieved.

  Step (11): The NW information management server 10a describes the completed peer list in a peer list creation response message and transmits it to the distribution control server 50.

  Procedure (12): The distribution control server 50 describes the received peer list in a peer list response message and transmits it to the requesting peer Peer # 1.

  Step (13): The requesting peer Peer # 1 establishes a connection with each peer in the order described in the received peer list, and downloads a piece of content.

  FIG. 5 is a diagram showing a network configuration of a P2P distribution system according to the second embodiment of the present invention, and the same reference numerals as those described above represent the same or equivalent parts. The present embodiment is characterized in that a plurality of segments are set in one ISP network.

  In the first embodiment, each ISP network is composed of one segment. However, in this embodiment, two segments A1 and A2 are set in the ISP-A network, and each segment A1 and A2 is assigned to each segment A1 and A2. NW information management servers 10a1 and 10a2 for managing the network information are respectively accommodated.

  When the network management server 20a receives an address request describing its IP address from the requesting peer Peer # 1, it compares the IP address of each NW information management server 10a1, 10a2 with the IP address of the requesting peer Peer # 1. The NW information management server 10 (in this embodiment, the NW information management server 10a1) closer to the requesting peer Peer # 1 is identified and notified to the requesting peer Peer # 1.

  FIG. 6 is a diagram showing a network configuration of a P2P distribution system according to the third embodiment of the present invention, and the same reference numerals as those described above represent the same or equivalent parts. In the present embodiment, the ISP-A network to which the requesting peer Peer # 1 belongs is divided into four segments A1, A2, A3, and A4.

  In the segments A2 and A3, NW information management servers (n-Trackers) 10a2 and 10a3 for managing the respective network information are accommodated. In the segment A1, not only the network information but also the network information of the segment A4 is managed. An information management server 10a1 is accommodated.

  In the n-Tracker search table of the NW management server (n-Tracker) 20a, as shown in an example in FIG. 6, the network address [192.168.10.0/24] of the segment A1 and the network address [192.168.11.0/ of the segment A4 24] is associated with the NW information management server (n-Tracker 1) 10a1. Similarly, the network address [192.168.20.0/24] of the segment A2 is linked to the NW information management server (n-Tracker2) 10a2, and the network address [192.168.30.0/24] of the segment A3 is the NW information management server (n -Tracker3) Linked to 10a3.

  DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 10 ... Network information management server (n-Tracker), 20 ... Network management server (nT-Manager), 30 ... Peer node, 40 ... Router, 50 ... Distribution control server (p-Tracker), 60 ... Content server, 101 ... Network Information detecting unit 102 ... Network information managing unit 103 ... Peer node identifying unit 104 ... Priority setting unit 105 ... Peer list creating unit 106 ... Peer list providing unit 201 ... Peer list request receiving unit 202 ... Peer node extraction , 203 ... Peer list creation request part, 204 ... Peer list response transmission part

Claims (10)

Content files are divided into multiple pieces and distributed to each peer on a peer-to-peer network that includes multiple networks that do not share network information, and peers requesting content obtain a peer list and collect pieces from each peer In P2P distribution system,
A network information management server for managing network information of each network;
A distribution control server that manages address information of a peer node that possesses a piece of content;
The distribution control server
Means for receiving, from a requesting peer, a peer list request in which address information of the requesting peer and address information of a network information management server that manages information of a network to which the requesting peer belongs are described;
Means for transmitting to the network information management server a request to create a peer list in which address information of a requesting peer and address information of a candidate peer possessing a piece of content are described in response to the peer list request;
Means for returning a peer list response described in the peer list described in the peer list creation response returned from the network information management server to the requesting peer;
The network information management server
Means for extracting address information of peer candidates described in the peer list creation request received from the distribution control server;
Means for extracting a management peer node to be managed from the peer candidates;
Means for creating a peer list including the extracted management peer nodes;
Means for transmitting a peer list creation response in which the peer list is described to the distribution control server.   2. The P2P distribution according to claim 1, wherein the means for creating the peer list sets a higher priority for each peer in the peer list in descending order of distance on the network from the requesting peer. system. The network information management server is
Means for extracting unmanaged peer nodes that are not managed from the peer candidates;
3. The P2P distribution system according to claim 1, wherein the means for creating the peer list creates a peer list including a management peer node and an unmanaged peer node at a predetermined ratio. The number of requested peers is further described in the peer list request and the peer list creation request,
4. The P2P according to claim 3, wherein the means for creating the peer list of the network information management server creates a peer list in which a predetermined ratio of the number of requested peers is a management peer node and the rest is an unmanaged peer node. Distribution system.   The P2P distribution system according to claim 3 or 4, wherein in the peer list, the priority of the management peer node is higher than the priority of the non-management peer node.   6. The P2P distribution system according to claim 1, wherein the network is constituted by a plurality of segments, and the network information management server is provided for each segment to manage network information of each segment.   7. The P2P distribution system according to claim 1, wherein the network includes a plurality of segments, and one network information management server manages network information of the plurality of segments. Each network includes a network management server that manages the address information of the network information management server and the address information of the managed network,
The network management server
Means for receiving from the requesting peer an address request in which the address information is described;
A network information management server having a short distance on the network is searched based on the address information of the requesting peer, and an address response in which the address information is described is returned to the requesting peer. Item 8. The P2P distribution system according to any one of Items 1 to 7. Content files are divided into multiple pieces and distributed to each peer on a peer-to-peer network that includes multiple networks that do not share network information, and peers requesting content obtain a peer list and collect pieces from each peer In the P2P delivery method,
A network information management server for managing network information of each network;
A distribution control server that manages address information of a peer node that possesses a piece of content;
The requesting peer acquires the address information of the network information management server that manages the information of the network to which the peer belongs,
The requesting peer describes the address information of its own peer, the content identifier and the address information of the network information management server in a peer list request and transmits it to the distribution control server;
In response to the peer list request, the distribution control server describes the address information of the requesting peer and the address information of the candidate peer of the content in a peer list creation request and transmits the information to the network information management server of the requesting peer;
A procedure in which the network information management server extracts a management peer node to be managed from peer candidates in response to the peer list creation request;
The network information management server creating a peer list including the extracted management peer node;
A procedure in which the network information management server describes the peer list in a peer list creation response and transmits it to the distribution control server;
A P2P distribution method comprising: a distribution control server, in response to the peer list creation response, describing the peer list in a peer list request response and transmitting it to the requesting peer. The network information management server further comprises a procedure of extracting an unmanaged peer node from the peer candidates in response to the peer list creation request,
The P2P distribution method according to claim 9, wherein the network information management server creates a peer list including the management peer node and the non-management peer node at a predetermined ratio.

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