JP2010274703A - Shock absorbing structure - Google Patents

Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a shock absorbing structure capable of sufficiently absorbing shock energy even when a force is applied in a direction perpendicular to a crushing direction. <P>SOLUTION: The shock absorbing structure 3 includes a movable bottom plate 7 on a surface of a buffer material 5. The movable bottom plate 7 can move in a longitudinal direction with respect to the buffer material 5. Thus, when a dynamic friction force F and a ground reaction force R are applied from the surface of the buffer material 5, the dynamic friction force F acts on the movable bottom plate 7 so that the movable bottom plate 7 moves. Therefore, a shearing force due to the dynamic friction force F is unlikely to be transmitted to the buffer material 5 and deformation of the buffer material 5 due to the shearing force can be suppressed. Meanwhile, the ground reaction force R is transmitted to the buffer material 5 through the movable bottom plate 7, and the ground reaction force R acts on the buffer material 5 so that the buffer material 5 is crushed. Thus, the shock energy can be sufficiently absorbed. Therefore, the shock energy can be sufficiently absorbed even when the dynamic friction force F being the force in the direction perpendicular to the crushing direction is applied. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2011,JPO&INPIT

Description

  The present invention relates to a shock absorbing structure.

  Conventionally, as a shock absorbing structure provided in an aircraft, for example, there is a structure described in JP-T-2008-543651. In this structure, a honeycomb-shaped shock absorber is provided on the external skeleton surrounding the passenger compartment and cargo compartment, and when the fuselage landing on the fuselage, the honeycomb-shaped shock absorber collapses in the vertical direction, causing the fuselage landing. The impact energy is absorbed and the impact transmitted to the cabin is reduced.

Special table 2008-543651 gazette

  The above-mentioned shock absorber has a certain strength against the force applied in the vertical direction, and when a large force above a certain level is applied in the vertical direction, it receives the large force and collapses in the vertical direction. Absorb energy. However, since this shock absorber is vulnerable to the force applied in the horizontal direction, which is the direction perpendicular to the crushing direction, such as shearing force, it sufficiently absorbs the impact energy when subjected to the horizontal force. Easily deforms. Therefore, the structure described in Patent Document 1 has a problem in that impact energy cannot be sufficiently absorbed when a force is applied in a direction perpendicular to the crushing direction.

  Therefore, the present invention has been made to solve such a technical problem, and is an impact absorbing structure capable of sufficiently absorbing impact energy even when a force is applied in a direction perpendicular to the crushing direction. The purpose is to provide.

  That is, the shock absorbing structure according to the present invention is provided on the surface side of the shock absorbing portion that absorbs the shock energy by being crushed and in the direction in which the shock absorbing portion is crushed relative to the shock absorbing portion. And a moving part that is movable in a direction substantially perpendicular to the crushing direction.

  In the shock absorbing structure according to the present invention, a moving part is provided on the surface side of the shock absorbing part, and the moving part is substantially perpendicular to the crushing direction, which is the direction in which the shock absorbing part is crushed with respect to the shock absorbing part. It is possible to move in the direction. Therefore, when a force including a force in the crushing direction and a force in a direction perpendicular to the crushing direction is applied from the surface side of the shock absorbing part, a force in a direction perpendicular to the crushing direction acts on the moving part and the moving part is By moving, the force in the direction perpendicular to the crushing direction becomes difficult to be transmitted to the impact absorbing portion. Therefore, it is possible to suppress deformation of the impact absorbing portion due to a force in a direction perpendicular to the crushing direction. On the other hand, the force in the crushing direction is transmitted to the shock absorbing part via the moving part. And the impact energy is fully absorbed when the force of a crushing direction acts on an impact-absorbing part, and an impact-absorbing part is crushed. Therefore, even when a force is applied in a direction perpendicular to the crushing direction, the impact energy can be sufficiently absorbed.

  Further, in the shock absorbing structure according to the present invention, the moving part is attached to the surface side of the shock absorbing part and the surface side of the first member, and is substantially perpendicular to the crushing direction with respect to the first member. And a second member that is slidable in any direction.

  According to this invention, a 1st member is attached to the surface side of an impact-absorbing part, and a 2nd member is attached to the surface side further of a 1st member. Since the second member is slidably attached to the first member in a direction substantially perpendicular to the crushing direction, when a force in a direction perpendicular to the crushing direction acts on the second member, the second member Slide and move with respect to one member. Therefore, the force in the direction perpendicular to the crushing direction is not easily transmitted to the shock absorbing part, and deformation of the shock absorbing part due to the force in the direction perpendicular to the crushing direction can be suppressed. Therefore, the impact energy absorption effect is more suitably realized.

  Further, in the shock absorbing structure according to the present invention, the shock absorbing portion is attached at the lower portion of the airframe so that the crushing direction is the vertical direction of the airframe, and the moving portion is the front-rear direction of the airframe with respect to the shock absorbing portion. It is preferable that it is movable.

  According to the present invention, when the fuselage lands on the ground or the like, when the frictional force acts in the longitudinal direction of the aircraft, the moving unit moves in the longitudinal direction of the aircraft with respect to the shock absorbing unit. Therefore, the shearing force due to the frictional force is difficult to be transmitted to the impact absorbing portion, and the impact absorbing portion can be prevented from being deformed in the front-rear direction. On the other hand, since the vertical force of the airframe received from the ground or the like is transmitted to the impact absorbing portion via the moving portion, the impact absorbing portion is crushed in the vertical direction, and the impact energy is sufficiently absorbed. Therefore, the impact transmitted to the passengers in the aircraft can be reduced.

  In the shock absorbing structure according to the present invention, it is preferable that a hole is formed in the shock absorbing portion along the crushing direction.

  According to the present invention, since the hole is formed along the crushing direction in the shock absorbing part, when a force in the crushing direction is applied, the shock absorbing part is sufficiently crushed by being deformed toward the hole. The impact energy absorption effect can be further enhanced.

  In the shock absorbing structure according to the present invention, it is preferable to include a connecting member that connects the moving part and the airframe.

  According to the present invention, when the fuselage landing of the fuselage, the shearing force due to the frictional force from the ground or the like is transmitted to the fuselage through the connecting member. That is, the shearing force due to the frictional force can be released without being transmitted to the impact absorbing portion.

  The impact absorbing structure according to the present invention can sufficiently absorb impact energy even when a force is applied in a direction perpendicular to the crushing direction.

1 is a side view showing an aircraft provided with an impact absorbing structure according to a first embodiment. It is a side view which shows the impact-absorbing structure in FIG. It is explanatory drawing of impact energy absorption in case the aircraft of FIG. 1 landing a fuselage. It is a sectional side view of the shock absorption structure according to the second embodiment. It is a sectional side view of the impact-absorbing structure which concerns on 3rd embodiment. It is a sectional side view which shows other embodiment of the double bottom board in FIG. It is a perspective view which shows other embodiment of a double bottom board. It is a sectional side view which shows other embodiment of a double bottom board.

  Preferred embodiments of the present invention will be described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. In the description of the drawings, the same elements are denoted by the same reference numerals, and redundant description is omitted. For the convenience of illustration, the dimensional ratios in the drawings do not necessarily match those described.

(First embodiment)
FIG. 1 is a side view showing an aircraft provided with the shock absorbing structure according to the first embodiment. The shock absorbing structure 3 shown in FIG. 1 is provided in the lower part 1a of the aircraft body 1. The shock absorbing structure 3 is for absorbing the impact energy generated by the contact between the airframe 1 and the ground G when the airframe 1 performs fuselage landing, and reducing the impact transmitted to the passengers in the airframe 1.

  The shock absorbing structure 3 is provided from the lower part of the nose to the vicinity of the rear of the main wing in the longitudinal direction of the fuselage 1. Although not shown, the shock absorbing structure 3 is provided in the width direction of the airframe 1 over a predetermined width at the bottom of the airframe that can be grounded when landing on the fuselage. In the following description, “width direction”, “front-rear direction”, “up-down direction”, and “rearward” mean directions based on the airframe 1.

  The shock absorbing structure 3 includes a cushioning material 5 attached to the lower part 1 a of the machine body, a movable bottom plate 7 provided at the lower part thereof, and a bottom plate attachment wire 9 for attaching the movable bottom plate 7 to the machine body 1. As shown in FIG. 2, the cushioning material 5 is composed of a cushioning member 5 a arranged along the vertical direction. Between the buffer members 5a, a hole 5b is formed along the vertical direction. As the buffer material 5, for example, a honeycomb-shaped buffer material can be used.

  The shock-absorbing material 5 has a certain strength with respect to the force applied in the up-down direction. When a large force of a certain level or more is applied in the up-down direction, the shock-absorbing material 5 is crushed in the up-down direction by receiving the large force. That is, in the shock absorbing structure 3, the crushing direction, which is the direction in which the cushioning material 5 is crushed, is the vertical direction. The buffer material 5 has a function of absorbing impact energy by being crushed in this way. The cushioning material 5 corresponds to an impact absorbing portion.

  The movable bottom plate 7 is a plate-like member provided on the lower side of the buffer material 5, that is, on the surface side. The movable bottom plate 7 is held at the lower portion of the cushioning material 5 by being connected to the machine body lower portion 1 a by a plurality of bottom plate attachment wires 9 at both ends in the width direction. Here, the movable bottom plate 7 is not fixed to the cushioning material 5. In other words, the movable bottom plate 7 has a non-fastened and non-adhesive structure with respect to the cushioning material 5. With such a structure, the movable bottom plate 7 can be moved in the front-rear direction with respect to the cushioning material 5. The bottom plate attachment wire 9 corresponds to a connecting member.

  When the fuselage 1 is landing on the fuselage, the movable bottom plate 7 receives a dynamic frictional force F in the front-rear direction from the ground G and moves backward with respect to the cushioning material 5 (see FIG. 2). This dynamic friction force F acts as a shearing force on the shock absorbing structure 3. The movable bottom plate 7 has a function of making it difficult to transmit the shearing force to the buffer material 5 by moving backward in this way. The movable bottom plate 7 corresponds to a moving part.

  An operation in the case where an aircraft including the shock absorbing structure 3 having the above-described configuration makes a fuselage landing on the ground G will be described. As shown in FIG. 3, when the fuselage 1 landing on the fuselage at a speed V and comes into contact with the ground G, the movable bottom plate 7 of the shock absorbing structure 3 moves from the ground G to the front and rear dynamic friction force F and the vertical ground reaction. Receives force R. When the movable bottom plate 7 receives the dynamic friction force F, the movable bottom plate 7 moves backward with respect to the cushioning material 5. At the same time, the dynamic friction force F is transmitted to the machine body lower portion 1 a via the bottom plate attachment wire 9. Further, the ground reaction force R is transmitted to the cushioning material 5 via the movable bottom plate 7.

  When the ground reaction force R is transmitted to the cushioning material 5, the cushioning material 5 is crushed in the vertical direction. More specifically, the buffer member 5a shown in FIG. 2 is crushed in the vertical direction by being deformed toward the hole 5b. Due to the crushing of the cushioning material 5, the impact energy due to the fuselage landing is absorbed. Further, the ground reaction force R is transmitted to the machine body lower portion 1a through the movable bottom plate 7 and the buffer material 5, whereby the machine body 1 decelerates (see FIG. 3).

  As described above, in the shock absorbing structure 3, when the fuselage of the fuselage 1, the shearing force due to the dynamic friction force F from the ground G is transmitted to the lower part 1 a of the fuselage by bypassing the buffer material 5 via the bottom plate attachment wire 9. Is done. That is, the shearing force generated by the dynamic friction force F can be released without being transmitted to the buffer material 5. In FIG. 3, for ease of explanation, the state of the buffer member 5 a that does not originally appear on the side surface of the body 1 is shown.

  In the conventional shock absorbing structure, a large shearing force acts on the cushioning material due to the speed difference between the airframe and the ground, and the cushioning material is easily deformed / destroyed, so that the original impact energy absorbing effect cannot be exhibited. Therefore, the use of such a cushioning material tends to be limited to a helicopter or the like in which a vertical load is assumed. In addition, when a cushioning material that can withstand shearing force is applied because it is applied to an aircraft, the structure becomes complicated, and the demerits are large in terms of manufacturing cost and weight.

  According to the shock absorbing structure 3 according to the present embodiment, the movable bottom plate 7 is provided on the surface side of the cushioning material 5, and the movable bottom plate 7 is movable in the front-rear direction with respect to the cushioning material 5. Therefore, when the dynamic friction force F and the ground reaction force R are applied from the surface side of the buffer material 5, the dynamic friction force F acts on the movable bottom plate 7 to move the movable bottom plate 7. Is less likely to be transmitted to the buffer material 5, and deformation of the buffer material 5 due to shearing force can be suppressed. On the other hand, the ground reaction force R is transmitted to the cushioning material 5 via the movable bottom plate 7, and the ground reaction force R acts on the cushioning material 5 and the cushioning material 5 is crushed, so that the impact energy is sufficiently absorbed. The Therefore, even when a dynamic friction force F, which is a force in a direction perpendicular to the crushing direction, is applied, the impact energy can be sufficiently absorbed.

  In addition, according to the shock absorbing structure 3 according to the present embodiment, when the body 1 lands on the ground G, when the dynamic friction force F acts in the front-rear direction, the movable bottom plate 7 moves in the front-rear direction with respect to the cushioning material 5. To do. Therefore, the shearing force due to the dynamic friction force F is hardly transmitted to the buffer material 5, and the buffer material 5 can be prevented from being deformed in the front-rear direction. On the other hand, since the ground reaction force R received from the ground G is transmitted to the cushioning material 5 via the movable bottom plate 7, the cushioning material 5 is crushed in the vertical direction, and the impact energy is sufficiently absorbed. Therefore, the impact transmitted to the passengers in the body 1 can be reduced.

  Further, according to the shock absorbing structure 3 according to the present embodiment, since the hole 5b is formed along the vertical direction in the buffer material 5, when the force in the vertical direction is applied, the buffer member 5a is formed in the hole 5b. By being deformed toward the end, it can be sufficiently crushed, and the impact energy absorption effect is further enhanced.

(Second embodiment)
Next, the shock absorbing structure according to the second embodiment of the present invention will be described. The shock absorbing structure 3A shown in FIG. 4 is different from the shock absorbing structure 3 according to the first embodiment in that the movable bottom plate 7 is not connected to the machine body lower portion 1a by the bottom plate mounting wire 9. In the shock absorbing structure 3A, for example, a thin plate-like outer plate (not shown) that covers the entire shock absorbing structure 3A is provided, and the movable bottom plate 7 is disposed between the cushioning material 5 and the outer plate.

  According to the shock absorbing structure 3A having such a configuration, when the fuselage lands, the outer plate is dropped and the movable bottom plate 7 is exposed, and the dynamic friction force F acts on the movable bottom plate 7 to move the movable bottom plate 7. Thus, the shearing force due to the dynamic friction force F is not easily transmitted to the buffer material 5. And the impact energy can fully be absorbed by the crushing of the buffer material 5 by the ground reaction force R by the same action as the impact absorbing structure 3 described above (see FIG. 4).

(Third embodiment)
Next, an impact absorbing structure according to a third embodiment of the present invention will be described. The shock absorbing structure 3B according to the third embodiment shown in FIG. 5 differs from the shock absorbing structure 3 according to the first embodiment in that a double bottom plate 11 having a double structure is provided instead of the movable bottom plate 7. ing. The double bottom plate 11 includes an upper fixed bottom plate 13 attached to the lower portion of the cushioning material 5, that is, the surface side, and a lower movable bottom plate 15 attached to the lower portion of the upper fixed bottom plate 13. The double bottom plate 11 corresponds to a moving part.

  Here, although the upper fixed bottom plate 13 is fixed to the lower portion of the buffer material 5, the lower movable bottom plate 15 is not fixed to the upper fixed bottom plate 13. In other words, the lower movable bottom plate 15 has a non-fastened and non-adhesive structure with respect to the upper fixed bottom plate 13. In the shock absorbing structure 3B, for example, a thin plate-like outer plate (not shown) that covers the entire shock absorbing structure 3B is provided, and the lower movable bottom plate 15 is disposed between the upper fixed bottom plate 13 and the outer plate. . With such a structure, the lower movable bottom plate 15 is slidable in the front-rear direction with respect to the upper fixed bottom plate 13. The upper fixed bottom plate 13 corresponds to a first member, and the lower movable bottom plate 15 corresponds to a second member.

  According to the shock absorbing structure 3B having such a configuration, the lower movable bottom plate 15 is attached to the upper fixed bottom plate 13 so as to be slidable in the front-rear direction. Therefore, when the dynamic friction force F acts on the lower movable bottom plate 15. The lower movable bottom plate 15 slides relative to the upper fixed bottom plate 13. Therefore, the shearing force due to the dynamic friction force F is not easily transmitted to the buffer material 5, and deformation of the buffer material 5 due to the shearing force can be suppressed. Therefore, the impact energy absorption effect is more suitably realized.

  FIG. 6 is a sectional side view showing another embodiment of the double bottom plate in FIG. In the film-type double bottom plate 11 a shown in FIG. 6, members 17 and 19 that lower the friction coefficient are provided between the upper fixed bottom plate 13 and the lower movable bottom plate 15. That is, the film-type double bottom plate 11 a includes a fixed-side film 17 and a movable-side film 19 for reducing the frictional force on the lower surface of the upper fixed bottom plate 13 and the upper surface of the lower movable bottom plate 15. With such a structure, the frictional force generated between the upper fixed bottom plate 13 and the lower movable bottom plate 15 at the time of sliding movement can be reduced, so that transmission of shearing force to the cushioning material 5 can be suitably prevented.

  FIG. 7 is a perspective view showing another embodiment of the double bottom plate. The slide type double bottom plate 11b shown in FIG. 7 includes a slide type upper fixed bottom plate 23 as a first member and a slide type lower fixed bottom plate 25 as a second member. In addition, a slider groove 23a and a slider 25a are formed in the slidable upper fixed bottom plate 23 and the slidable lower movable bottom plate 25 along the front-rear direction. The slider 25a is formed at a position facing the slider groove 23a, and is fitted to the slider groove 23a so as to be slidable in the front-rear direction. With such a structure, the slidable lower movable bottom plate 25 can be slid straight with respect to the slidable upper fixed bottom plate 23, and the shearing force can be efficiently released backward.

  FIG. 8 is a sectional side view showing still another embodiment of the double bottom plate. The roller-type double bottom plate 11 c shown in FIG. 8 includes a plurality of rollers 21 between the upper fixed bottom plate 13 and the lower movable bottom plate 15. With such a structure, the frictional force generated between the upper fixed bottom plate 13 and the lower movable bottom plate 15 can be minimized, and the lower movable bottom plate 15 can be smoothly slid relative to the upper fixed bottom plate 13. it can.

  As mentioned above, although description was given about a suitable embodiment of the present invention, the present invention is not limited to the above-mentioned embodiment. In the above embodiment, the case where the shock absorbing structure is provided in the aircraft body has been described. Moreover, in this Embodiment, although the movable bottom plate 7 was installed so that it might become perpendicular | vertical with respect to the crushing direction, it is not restricted to this. The angle between the crushing direction and the movable bottom plate 7 may be 60 ° or more. In view of the effects of the present invention, the angle formed between the crushing direction and the movable bottom plate 7 is preferably 80 ° or more. That is, the angle formed between the crushing direction and the moving direction of the movable bottom plate 7 may be 60 ° or more, and preferably 80 ° or more.

  DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 ... Airframe, 1a ... Lower part of aircraft, 3, 3A, 3B ... Shock absorption structure, 5 ... Cushioning material (shock absorption part), 5b ... Hole, 7 ... Movable bottom plate (moving part), 9 ... Bottom plate attachment wire (connection) Members), 11... Double bottom plate (moving portion), 11a... Coating type double bottom plate (moving portion), 11b... Slide type double bottom plate (moving portion), 11c. ... upper fixed bottom plate (first member), 15 ... lower movable bottom plate (second member), 23 ... slide type upper fixed bottom plate (first member), 25 ... slide type lower movable bottom plate (second member).

Claims (5)

An impact absorber that absorbs impact energy by crushing,
A moving part provided on a surface side of the shock absorbing part, and movable relative to the shock absorbing part in a direction substantially perpendicular to a crushing direction, which is a direction in which the shock absorbing part is crushed. Shock absorbing structure. The moving part includes a first member attached to the surface side of the shock absorbing part,
The shock absorbing structure according to claim 1, further comprising: a second member attached to a surface side of the first member and slidable in a direction substantially perpendicular to the crushing direction with respect to the first member. . The impact absorbing portion is attached at the lower part of the aircraft so that the crushing direction is the vertical direction of the aircraft,
The shock absorbing structure according to claim 1, wherein the moving part is movable in the front-rear direction of the body relative to the shock absorbing part.   The impact absorbing structure according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein a hole is formed in the impact absorbing portion along the crushing direction.   The impact absorbing structure according to any one of claims 1 to 4, further comprising a connecting member that connects the moving unit and the machine body.

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