JP2010252691A - Agricultural greenhouse - Google Patents

Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide an agricultural greenhouse structured so as to irradiate a farm field with ultraviolet to enable pollinating insects to accurately recognize a direction to fly so as to effectively make pollination to farm crops by the pollinating insects. <P>SOLUTION: The agricultural greenhouse 1, structured so as to cover a farm field 3 where pollinating insects 2 are diffused, includes: a covering film 4 forming a farm field space and having light transmittance; and a light distribution control members 5 transmitting only light almost orthogonal to the covering film 4 through the covering film 4 and distributing the light into the farm field 3. The light distribution control member 5 is structured so that a direction almost orthogonal to the covering film 4 may include at least two directions toward the space of the farm field 3. By such a structure, the deflecting condition of the ultraviolet irradiating the farm field 3 is maintained in the vicinity of the transmission through the covering film 4 to attain light distribution equal to a light deflection pattern in an airy region in the farm field 3, and thereby the pollinating insects 2 make accurate recognition of the direction so as to exactly fly toward farm crops 31 or nest boxes 32 placed in the farm field 3. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2011,JPO&INPIT

Description

  The present invention relates to an agricultural house that covers a field where pollinating insects are diffused.

  Conventionally, in this type of agricultural house, it is known to shield ultraviolet rays contained in sunlight in order to prevent the occurrence of diseases of crops. By the way, many of the insects for pollination have the characteristic of recognizing the position of the sun and determining the direction of flight by sensing ultraviolet polarized light contained in sunlight. Therefore, in such an agricultural house, there is a configuration in which an ultraviolet light emitter is caused to emit light in the house and pollen insects perform pollination activity only when the crop is pollinated (see, for example, Patent Document 1).

JP 2005-124534 A

  However, in the conventional configuration as described above, since the light distribution state similar to the sky polarization pattern by sunlight cannot be realized in the house, it is difficult for the insects for pollination to recognize the flight direction, and the pollination of crops is effective. May not be possible. In addition, in order to solve such a problem, when a house field is formed with a coating material having ultraviolet transparency, the polarization state of ultraviolet rays incident on the coating material changes before and after the transmission of the coating material. In other words, pollination insects are difficult to recognize.

  The present invention has been made to solve the above-described problem, and can irradiate the field with ultraviolet rays so that the pollinating insects can accurately recognize the flight direction, and can effectively pollinate the crops by the pollinating insects. It aims to provide an agricultural house that can be used.

  In order to achieve the above object, the invention of claim 1 is an agricultural house that covers a field where insects for pollination are diffused, and has a light-transmitting coating film that forms a field space, and the coating film A light distribution control member that transmits only light substantially orthogonal to the cover film and distributes the light in the field, and the light distribution control member has a direction substantially orthogonal to the cover film in the field space. On the other hand, it is configured to have at least two directions.

According to a second aspect of the present invention, in the first aspect of the present invention, the light distribution control member includes a light shielding wall that is substantially orthogonal to the covering film, and is surrounded by the light shielding wall and has an opening surface on the light incident side and the light emission side. The structural unit of this louver member is such that the relationship between the distance A between the two longest points of the opening surface and the distance B between the opening surfaces satisfies the following expression.
tan ⁻¹ (A / B) <30 °

  According to a third aspect of the present invention, in the second aspect of the present invention, the louver member is constituted by a member that blocks ultraviolet rays and transmits visible light.

  The invention of claim 4 is an agricultural house that covers a field where insects for pollination are diffused, and is composed of an ultraviolet blocking member that forms a field space, and a covering film having a plurality of openings for passing light; A light-transmitting light distribution control member that covers each of the openings and distributes light incident on the field through the openings, and the plurality of openings and the light distribution control member are configured to transmit light passing through them to the field space. The light distribution control member allows only light that is substantially orthogonal to the member to pass through the transmitted light that passes through the member.

  According to invention of Claim 1, only the light substantially orthogonal to a covering film is permeate | transmitted to a covering film, the polarization state of the ultraviolet-ray irradiated to a field can be maintained before and after permeation | transmission of a covering film, and from the sky The polarization of ultraviolet rays in at least two directions can be visually recognized. As a result, the pollinating insect accurately recognizes the direction and can fly accurately toward the crops and nest boxes in the field. Accordingly, it becomes possible to effectively pollinate the crops with the insects for pollination, and as a result, the crop yield can be improved.

  According to the second aspect of the present invention, light that is not substantially orthogonal to the covering film among the light incident from the opening surface on the light incident side is blocked by the light shielding wall, and light that is substantially orthogonal to the covering film is blocked on the light emitting side opening surface Therefore, the light distribution state described above can be realized in the field while having a simple structure.

  According to the invention of claim 3, since the visible light is irradiated to the field without being blocked by the light shielding wall, the photosynthesis of the crop can be promoted or the illuminance necessary for the work on the field can be secured. .

  According to the invention of claim 4, among the transmitted light that passes through the light distribution control member, only the light that is substantially orthogonal to the member is allowed to pass through each opening, and the polarization state of the ultraviolet rays that are irradiated to the field is changed. The light can be incident from at least two directions with respect to the field. Therefore, a light distribution state equivalent to the sky polarization pattern by sunlight can be realized in the field, and the same effect as in claim 1 can be obtained. In addition, the above-described effects can be obtained by simply attaching the light distribution control member and processing the opening to an existing house having ultraviolet blocking properties, and is highly practical.

The perspective view of the agricultural house which concerns on the 1st Embodiment of this invention. Side sectional drawing of the said agricultural house. The perspective view block diagram of the light distribution control member in the said agricultural house. (A) thru | or (e) is a figure which shows the manufacturing process of the said agricultural house. The figure which shows the polarization pattern of the sky centering on the insect for pollination. The conceptual diagram of the polarized light which injects into a coating film. The figure which shows the transmittance | permeability of s polarized light with respect to the incident angle in a coating film, and p polarized light. (A) is a side view which shows the polarization state before and behind permeation | transmission of the coating film of the light orthogonal to a coating film, (b) is a top view corresponding to (a). (A) is a side view which shows the polarization state before and behind the transmission of a coating film of the light which is not orthogonal to a coating film, (b) is a top view corresponding to (a). The perspective view of the agricultural house which concerns on the 2nd Embodiment of this invention. The cross-sectional block diagram of the light distribution control member in the said agricultural house. The figure which shows the light distribution state in the said agricultural house.

(First embodiment)
An agricultural house according to a first embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to FIGS. 1 to 9. 1 and 2 show a configuration of an agricultural house 1 according to the present embodiment. The agricultural house 1 covers the field 3 where the pollinating insects 2 are diffused, and the coating film 4 that forms the field space and only light that is substantially orthogonal to the coating film 4 is transmitted through the coating film 4. And a light distribution control member 5 that distributes light within the field 3. The pollinating insect 2 is for pollinating crops 31 (for example, fruit trees, vegetables, flowers, mushrooms, etc.) cultivated in the field 3, and is, for example, a bee or a bee. A nest box 32 for pollinating insects 2 is installed in the field 3.

  The covering film 4 is provided as a roof portion of the house 1 and has a substantially arc shape that protrudes outward. The covering film 4 is composed of a light transmissive member, and examples of the member include vinyl chloride and a polyolefin-based transparent resin material. Here, the side wall portion 6 of the house 1 is preferably composed of a member that blocks ultraviolet rays and transmits visible light. Examples of such a member include vinyl chloride and polyolefin-based transparent resin materials. The thing to which the ultraviolet absorber was added is mentioned. Examples of the ultraviolet absorber include benzotriazole-based, triazine-based, and benzophenone-based absorbers.

FIG. 3 shows the configuration of the light distribution control member 5. The light distribution control member 5 includes a lattice-like louver member 51 provided on the covering film 4. The louver member 51 is formed in a staircase shape so as to follow the roof (curved surface) shape of the house 1, and a light shielding wall 51a (its thickness is indicated by t) substantially orthogonal to the covering film 4, and the light shielding wall 51a. And a substantially square opening surface 51b on the light incident side and the light emission side. The shape of the opening surface 51b is not limited to the above, and may be circular or elliptical. The louver member 51 is composed of a member that blocks ultraviolet rays and transmits visible light, and examples of such a member include the same members as those constituting the side wall portion 6 of the house 1. The member constituting the louver member 51 is not limited to the above, and may be a member having a light blocking property (for example, a resin material colored in black). The structural unit of the louver member 51 is set so that the relationship between the distance A between the two longest points on the opening surface 51b and the distance B between the opening surfaces 51b satisfies the following expression.
tan ⁻¹ (A / B) <30 °
That is, the diagonal θ of the straight line connecting the two longest points on the light exit side opening surface 51b is set to be within 30 °.

  The light distribution control member 5 is configured such that a direction substantially orthogonal to the covering film 4 by the member 5 has two directions with respect to the space of the field 3 (see FIG. 2). Specifically, the covering films 4 are arranged parallel to each other for each constituent unit of the louver member 51, and the directions thereof are arranged to be opposite on both sides (front side and rear side) of the roof ridge of the house 1. . In addition, the direction structure of the light distribution control member 5 should just be provided with the at least 2 direction from which the direction substantially orthogonal to the coating film 4 differs mutually with respect to the space of the agricultural field 3, for example, the coating film 4 is curvedly formed. Thus, the direction may be provided in three or more directions.

  With reference to FIG. 4, the manufacturing method of this agricultural house 1 is demonstrated. First, as shown in FIG. 4A, the block 50 for manufacturing the louver member 51 is extruded to a predetermined length by using an extruder M. In the extrusion molding, the thickness t (see FIG. 3) of the light shielding wall 51a is desirably about 1 mm in view of the light distribution efficiency in the field and the durability of the louver member 51. Next, as shown in FIG. 4B, the block 50 obtained in the previous step is cut along the roof shape of the house 1 to produce the constituent element 5 a of the louver member 51. At this time, it is desirable to cut with a step so that the adjacent opening surfaces 51b are parallel to each other. Examples of the cutting method include water jet processing and laser cut processing. Next, as shown in FIG.4 (c), the structural element 5a obtained at the front process is combined together, and it adhere | attaches with an adhesive agent, and the louver member 51 is produced. Next, as shown in FIG.4 (d), the coating film 4 is affixed on the surface which becomes the house inner side of the louver member 51 obtained by the previous process. Next, as shown in FIG. 4 (e), the combination of the louver member 51 and the covering film 4 obtained in the previous step is attached to the structural member 7 which is the framework of the house, and the house 1 is assembled.

  Here, as a premise for explaining the operation of the house 1, a general principle for the pollination insect to recognize the direction will be described with reference to FIG. In the sky, various polarized lights 10 exist due to the scattering of sunlight, and these polarized lights 10 vibrate in a predetermined direction according to the position in the sky. The polarization pattern determined by this polarization direction is distributed concentrically around the sun S. The pollinating insect 2 has a characteristic that senses the polarization direction of two components in this polarization pattern, recognizes the position of the sun as the sun S is at the intersection of two lines perpendicular to these directions, and determines the flight direction. is doing. Here, the polarization sensing by the pollinating insect 2 is performed by the ultraviolet rays contained in the polarized light 10.

  Next, with reference to FIG.6 and FIG.7, the polarization | polarized-light transmission characteristic in the coating film 4 is demonstrated. As shown in FIG. 6, the polarized light 11 incident on the covering film 4 is divided into s-polarized light and p-polarized light. The s-polarized light is defined as linearly polarized light whose light vibration direction is perpendicular to the incident surface 12, and p-polarized light is defined as linearly polarized light whose light vibration direction is included in the incident surface 12. As shown in FIG. 7, when the incident angle α is 30 ° or less, the transmittance of s-polarized light and the transmittance of p-polarized light are substantially equal, and when the incident angle α exceeds 30 °, the transmittance of s-polarized light and p It can be seen that there is a difference in the transmittance of polarized light. In addition, in FIG. 7, the transmittance | permeability in case the installation environment in this house 1 is assumed and the refractive index of light is 1.5 is shown.

  The effect | action of the agricultural house 1 comprised as mentioned above is demonstrated. FIG. 8 shows the polarization state of light orthogonal to the coating film 4 before and after transmission through the coating film 4 in this embodiment, and FIG. 9 shows light before and after transmission through the coating film 4 as a comparative example. Indicates the polarization state. In FIG.8 and FIG.9, the polarization state before permeation | transmission of a coating film is shown as a continuous line, and the polarization state after permeation | transmission of a coating film is shown with a broken line. As shown in FIGS. 8A and 8B, sunlight L is vertically incident on the covering film 4 by the light distribution control member 5 (see FIGS. 1 and 2). For such sunlight L, the transmittance of s-polarized light and p-polarized light is substantially equal before and after transmission of the coating film 4 for the reason described above (FIGS. 6 and 7), so that the entire polarization direction is the coating film. 4 before and after transmission.

  On the other hand, as shown in FIGS. 9A and 9B, when the sunlight L does not vertically enter the covering film 4 (incident angle is 30 ° or more), the sunlight L is transmitted through the covering film 4. Since the transmittance of s-polarized light and p-polarized light is different after transmission, the entire polarization direction is different before and after transmission of the coating film 4. In such a case, the same light distribution state as the sky polarization pattern by sunlight L cannot be realized in the house 1, and the insects for pollination become unable to recognize the direction and cannot fly toward the crops, They ca n’t come back and die.

  According to the agricultural house 1 according to the present embodiment, only the light substantially orthogonal to the covering film 4 is transmitted through the covering film 4, and the polarization state of the ultraviolet rays irradiated to the farm field 3 is maintained before and after the transmission of the covering film 4. And the polarization of ultraviolet rays in at least two directions from the sky can be visually recognized. As a result, the pollinating insect 2 accurately recognizes the direction and can accurately fly toward the crop 31 and the nest box 32 in the field 3. Therefore, it becomes possible to effectively pollinate the crop 31 by the insect 2 for pollination, and as a result, the harvest rate of the crop 31 can be improved.

  Further, among the light incident from the light incident side opening surface 51b, light that is not substantially orthogonal to the covering film 4 is blocked by the light shielding wall 51a, and light substantially orthogonal to the covering film 4 is emitted from the light emitting side opening surface 51b. Therefore, the light distribution state can be realized in the field 3 while having a simple structure. Moreover, since visible light is irradiated to the field 3 without being interrupted by the light shielding wall 51a, the photosynthesis of the crop 31 can be promoted, and the illuminance necessary for work on the field 3 can be ensured.

(Second Embodiment)
An agricultural house according to a second embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to FIGS. FIG. 10 shows a configuration of the agricultural house 1 according to the present embodiment. In this embodiment, the structure of the said coating film and a light distribution control member is different from 1st Embodiment. The agricultural house 1 includes a covering film 14 having a plurality of light passage openings 14a, a light distribution control member 15 that covers each opening 14a and distributes light incident on the field 3 through the openings 14a. It has. The covering film 14 is composed of a member that blocks ultraviolet rays and transmits visible light. Examples of such members include vinyl chloride and polyolefin-based transparent resin materials added with an ultraviolet absorber. . The plurality of openings 14 a and the light distribution control member 15 are provided so that light passing through these openings is in at least two directions with respect to the space of the field 3.
Each opening 14a is formed in a circular shape.

  FIG. 11 shows the configuration of the light distribution control member 15. The light distribution control member 15 is provided for each opening 14 a on the covering film 14, and is a hemispherical light transmitting member 15 a and a hollow circle interposed between the light transmitting member 15 a and the covering film 14. And a plate-like film material 15b. The light transmissive member 15a has a hemispherical space 15c communicating with the interior of the house 1 through the opening 14a, and is made of a transparent resin such as polycarbonate or acrylic. The membrane material 15b has a hollow hole larger than the opening 14a, and is made of a member having an ultraviolet light shielding property. The light transmissive member 15a is configured to pass only light that is substantially orthogonal to the member 15a out of the transmitted light that passes through the member 15a. Specifically, the outer radius of the light transmissive member 15a R1 and the space radius R2 are set to be not less than 5 times the hole radius R3 of the opening 14a.

  The effect | action of the agricultural house 1 comprised as mentioned above is demonstrated. FIG. 12 shows a light distribution state in the agricultural house 1. The sunlight L is vertically incident on the light transmissive member 15a from a plurality of directions. The sunlight L that has passed through the light transmissive member 15 a passes through the opening 14 a of the covering film 14 and is distributed in the field 3. Here, for the reason described above (FIGS. 6 and 7), the sunlight L is substantially equal in transmittance of s-polarized light and p-polarized light before and after transmission through the light transmissive member 15 a. The direction is the same before and after transmission of the coating film 14.

  According to the agricultural house 1 according to the present embodiment, of the transmitted light that passes through the light transmissive member 15a, only the light that is substantially orthogonal to the member 15a is allowed to pass through each opening 14a, and the ultraviolet rays that are irradiated to the farm field 3 This polarization state can be maintained before and after transmission through the light transmissive member 15a, and light can be incident from at least two directions into the field. Therefore, the light distribution state equivalent to the sky polarization pattern by sunlight can be realized in the field 3, and as a result, the same effect as the above embodiment can be obtained. Moreover, said effect can be acquired only by attaching the light distribution control member 15 and the process of the opening 14a with respect to the existing house which has ultraviolet-blocking property, and its practicality is high.

  In addition, this invention is not restricted to the structure of the said various embodiment, A various deformation | transformation is possible in the range which does not change the meaning of invention. For example, in the first embodiment, the light transmitted through the coating film 4 by the light distribution control member 5 (louver member 51) may have an incident angle with respect to the coating film 4 within 30 °. In the second embodiment, the light passing through the opening 14a by the light distribution control member 15 may have an incident angle with respect to the light transmissive member 15a within 30 °.

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Agricultural house 2 Insect for pollination 3 Agricultural field 4, 14 Cover film 14a Opening 5, 15 Light distribution control member 15a Light transmissive member 51 Louver member 51a Shading wall 51b Opening surface

Claims (4)

An agricultural house covering a field where pollinating insects are released,
A light-transmitting coating film that forms a field space;
A light distribution control member that transmits only light that is substantially orthogonal to the covering film to the covering film and distributes light in the field,
The agricultural house, wherein the light distribution control member is configured such that a direction substantially orthogonal to the covering film by the member has at least two directions with respect to the field space. The light distribution control member is a louver member having a light shielding wall substantially orthogonal to the covering film and an opening surface surrounded by the light shielding wall on the light incident side and the light emitting side, and the structural unit of the louver member is: The agricultural house according to claim 1, wherein the relationship between the distance A between the two longest points of the opening surface and the distance B between the opening surfaces satisfies the following expression.
tan ⁻¹ (A / B) <30 °   The agricultural house according to claim 2, wherein the louver member is a member that blocks ultraviolet rays and transmits visible light. An agricultural house covering a field where pollinating insects are released,
A coating film having a plurality of openings for light passage, comprising an ultraviolet blocking member forming a field space;
A light-transmitting light distribution control member that covers each of the openings and distributes light incident on the field through the openings;
The plurality of openings and the light distribution control member are provided so that light passing through them is in at least two directions with respect to the field space,
The light distribution control member allows only light that is substantially orthogonal to the member out of the transmitted light that passes through the member to pass therethrough.

Images