JP2010251326A - Line heat source - Google Patents

Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a line heat source with superior mechanical strength and hardly got destroyed, and to provide a method of manufacturing the line heat source. <P>SOLUTION: The line heat source 20 includes a linear support 202, a heating element covered on the linear support 202 and at least two electrodes 206 electrically connected with the heating element 204. The heating element 204 includes a carbon nanotube composite structure. The carbon nanotube composite structure includes at least one sheet of carbon nanotube film and a base material compounding them together. The carbon nanotube film consists of only a plurality of carbon nanotubes, the plurality of carbon nanotubes are entangled with each other. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2011,JPO&INPIT

Description

  The present invention relates to a linear heat source, and more particularly to a linear heat source using carbon nanotubes.

  Heat sources play an important role in areas such as people's life and scientific research. For example, it is applied to an electric heater, an electric heater, an infrared therapy device, and the like.

  A conventional heat source includes, for example, a linear heating element such as an electric resistance lead wire and two electrodes. The two electrodes are installed at an interval and are electrically connected to both ends of the linear heating element. When a voltage is applied to the linear heating element by the two electrodes, the linear heating element emits heat at a normal wavelength. In general, an electrical resistance lead wire made of metal, alloy, carbon fiber or the like is employed as the linear heating element of the linear heat source.

Kaili Jiang, Quung Li, Shuushan Fan, “Spinning continuous carbon nanotube yarns”, Nature, 2002, vol. 419, p. 801

  However, electrical resistance leads made of metals, alloys, carbon fibers, etc. have the following drawbacks. First, since heat generated from the electrical resistance lead is released to the outside at a normal wavelength, there is a disadvantage that the efficiency of converting electrical energy into thermal energy is low and energy is wasted. Secondly, since the carbon fiber is thick and generally several tens of micrometers, the linear heat source is difficult to manufacture an extremely small structure and cannot be applied to heating an extremely small heating target. When the diameter of the metal wire is small, the strength is poor and the wire wire is easily broken. Therefore, the wire heat source has a drawback that it is difficult to manufacture an extremely small structure and cannot be applied to heating an extremely small heating target. Third, since the weight of the electrical resistance lead wire is large, there is a disadvantage that it is disadvantageous for reducing the weight of the wire heat source. In addition, since the metal electrical resistance lead wire and the alloy electrical resistance lead wire are easily oxidized, there are disadvantages that the strength is poor, the toughness is not good, the wire is easily broken, and the range of application is limited.

  Therefore, an object of the present invention is to provide a linear heat source that has good mechanical strength and is not easily destroyed, and a method for manufacturing the linear heat source.

  The linear heat source includes a linear support, a heating element coated on the linear support, and two electrodes electrically connected to the heating element. The heating element includes a carbon nanotube composite structure, the carbon nanotube composite structure includes at least one carbon nanotube film and a base material, and the carbon nanotube film and the base material are combined. The carbon nanotube film includes only a plurality of carbon nanotubes, and the plurality of carbon nanotubes are intertwined with each other.

  A plurality of micropores are formed in the carbon nanotube film, and the base material is infiltrated into the plurality of micropores.

  The carbon nanotube film has a self-supporting structure.

  A reflective layer is disposed between the heating element and the linear support, and the reflective layer is used to reflect heat released from the heating element.

  Compared with the conventional linear heat source, the linear heat source of the present invention has the following excellent points.

  By directly combining the base material and the carbon nanotube structure having the self-supporting structure to form a heating element, the carbon nanotube retains the form of the carbon nanotube structure in the heating element. The carbon nanotubes in the heating element can be uniformly distributed to form a conductive path, the concentration dispersed in the solution is not limited, and the content of the carbon nanotube in the heating element reaches 99% Can do. Therefore, the heat radiation temperature of the heat source can be increased.

  In the linear heat source, the heating element includes a carbon nanotube structure, the carbon nanotubes in the carbon nanotube structure are uniformly arranged, and the heating element has a uniform thickness and resistance. Heat can be released. Since the carbon nanotube has a high efficiency of converting electric energy into heat energy, the linear heat source has a high temperature rising rate, a high thermal response speed, and a high heat exchange rate.

  Since the carbon nanotube in the heating element has excellent mechanical performance, excellent toughness and excellent mechanical strength, the heating element has excellent mechanical performance, excellent toughness and mechanical strength, and has a long service life. . Further, when the carbon nanotube structure and the flexible substrate are combined to form the heating element, a flexible linear heat source can be manufactured using the heating element.

  Since the diameter of the carbon nanotube in the heating element is small, the heating element has a small thickness. Therefore, it is possible to manufacture an extremely small linear heat source, and it is possible to heat an element that is a small heating target by using the small linear heat source.

  When the carbon nanotube structure is made of a carbon nanotube film obtained by pulling out from a super-aligned carbon nanotube array, since the plurality of carbon nanotubes in the carbon nanotube film are connected in the same direction, the ends are connected, Excellent conductivity. Accordingly, the linear heat source has excellent heating performance.

It is a cross-sectional enlarged view of the heating element of the linear heat source which concerns on the Example of this invention. It is a cross-sectional enlarged view of the heating element of the linear heat source which concerns on the Example of this invention. It is a SEM photograph of the drone structure carbon nanotube film in the line heat source concerning the example of the present invention. It is a figure which shows the structure of the carbon nanotube segment in a drone structure carbon nanotube film. It is a sketch drawing which draws out the drone structure carbon nanotube film in FIG. It is the SEM photograph of the carbon nanotube film in which the carbon nanotube in the precision structure carbon nanotube film in the linear heat source which concerns on the Example of this invention was arranged along the same direction. It is the SEM photograph of the carbon nanotube film in which the carbon nanotube in the precision structure carbon nanotube film in the linear heat source which concerns on the Example of this invention was arranged isotropic. It is a SEM photograph of the carbon nanotube film of a fluff structure in the line heat source concerning the example of the present invention. It is a photograph of the carbon nanotube film of a fluff structure in the line heat source concerning the example of the present invention. It is the photograph of the carbon nanotube structure of the filtered fluff structure. It is a SEM photograph of the ultra-long structure carbon nanotube film in the line heat source concerning the example of the present invention. It is a SEM photograph of the non-twisted carbon nanotube wire concerning the example of the present invention. It is a SEM photograph of the twisted carbon nanotube wire concerning the example of the present invention. It is a flowchart of the manufacturing method of the linear heat source which concerns on the Example of this invention. It is a figure which shows the structure of the linear heat source which concerns on Example 1 of this invention. It is sectional drawing cut | disconnected along the XVI-XVI line | wire shown in FIG. 15 of the linear heat source which concerns on Example 1 of this invention. It is sectional drawing cut | disconnected along the XVII-XVII line | wire shown in FIG. 16 of the linear heat source which concerns on Example 1 of this invention. 2 is a photograph of a cross-section formed by cutting the carbon nanotube composite structure along the carbon nanotube arrangement direction of the drone-structured carbon nanotube film according to Example 1 of the present invention. In the manufacturing method of the linear heat source which concerns on Example 1 of this invention, it is a flowchart which combines a polymeric material and a carbon nanotube structure by the method of injecting glue, and forms a carbon nanotube composite structure. It is a flowchart of the manufacturing method of a linear heat source in case a heating element is a flexible carbon nanotube composite structure. It is a figure which shows the structure of the linear heat source which concerns on Example 2 of this invention. It is a figure which shows the structure of the linear heat source which concerns on Example 3 of this invention. It is a figure which shows the structure of the linear heat source which concerns on Example 4 of this invention.

  Embodiments of the present invention will be described below with reference to the drawings.

  The present invention provides a linear heat source. The linear heat source includes a linear support, a reflective layer, a heating element, a protective layer, and two electrodes.

  The linear support has a one-dimensional structure and is used to support the heating element. The material of the linear support may be, for example, a hard material such as ceramics, glass, resin, or quartz, or may be a soft material such as plastic or soft fiber. When the linear support is made of a soft material, the linear heat source can be bent into an arbitrary shape. The linear support is preferably made of an insulating material.

  The reflective layer is disposed on one surface of the linear support. The heating element is installed on the surface of the reflective layer opposite to the surface facing the support. The two electrodes are disposed on the surface of the heating element at an interval, and are electrically connected to the heating element, respectively. The protective layer is disposed on the surface of the heating element opposite to the surface facing the reflective layer. It is preferable that the diameter of the said linear heat source is 1.1 millimeters-1.1 centimeters. The two electrodes are used for electrical connection to a power source (not shown).

  The reflective layer is used to reflect the heat released from the heating element to an external space and increase the heating efficiency. The material of the reflective layer is an insulating material such as metal oxide, metal salt, and ceramics. The reflective layer has a thickness of 100 micrometers to 0.5 millimeters. In this embodiment, the reflective layer is an aluminum oxide film and has a thickness of 100 micrometers. The reflective layer is formed on the surface of the linear support by a sputtering method. Of course, the reflective layer is not installed, that is, the heating element can be installed directly on the surface of the linear support.

  The heating element is a carbon nanotube composite structure. The carbon nanotube composite structure includes a carbon nanotube structure and a substrate. The carbon nanotube structure has a self-supporting structure. Here, the self-supporting structure is a form in which the carbon nanotube structure can be used independently without using a support material. That is, it means that the carbon nanotube structure can be suspended by supporting the carbon nanotube structure from opposite sides without changing the structure of the carbon nanotube structure.

  The carbon nanotube structure includes a plurality of carbon nanotubes, and the plurality of carbon nanotubes are connected by an intermolecular force and are uniformly distributed. Therefore, the carbon nanotube structure has a predetermined shape. The carbon nanotube structure is one or more of single-walled carbon nanotubes, double-walled carbon nanotubes, and multi-walled carbon nanotubes. When the carbon nanotube is a single-walled carbon nanotube, the diameter is 0.5 nanometer to 50 nanometer, and when the carbon nanotube is a double-walled carbon nanotube, the diameter is 1.0 nanometer to 50 nanometer. In the case where the carbon nanotube is a multi-walled carbon nanotube, the diameter is 1.5 nanometers to 50 nanometers.

The carbon nanotube structure is a film-like structure or a linear structure. In the carbon nanotube structure, since there are gaps between adjacent carbon nanotubes, a plurality of micropores are formed in the carbon nanotube structure. Therefore, the base material is immersed in the micropores in the carbon nanotube structure and is closely bonded to the carbon nanotube structure. The heat capacity per unit area of the carbon nanotube structure is
0 (excluding 0) to 2 × 10 ⁻⁴ J / cm ² · K, preferably 1.7 × 10 ⁻⁶ J / cm ² · K or less. Specifically, the carbon nanotube structure includes at least one carbon nanotube film, a carbon nanotube linear structure, or a combination of a carbon nanotube film and a carbon nanotube linear structure.

  The carbon nanotube composite structure includes a film-like carbon nanotube composite structure or at least one linear carbon nanotube composite structure. The carbon nanotube composite structure is installed on the surface of the linear support.

  As an example, the film-like carbon nanotube composite structure is a two-dimensional structure. In this case, the film-like carbon nanotube composite structure can be coated on the surface of the linear support or wound around the surface of the linear support. The specific structure of the film-like carbon nanotube composite structure is classified into the following two types depending on the method of combining the carbon nanotube structure and the base material.

  In the first type, referring to FIG. 1, the film-like carbon nanotube composite structure includes a film-like carbon nanotube structure 2044 and a base body 2042 covered on the surface of the support. Since the film-like carbon nanotube structure 2044 has a plurality of micropores, the material of the base body 2042 can be immersed in the micropores of the film-like carbon nanotube structure 2044. The film-like carbon nanotube structure 2044 is added as a base material, and the material of the base body 2042 is added as an additive material into the micropores of the film-like carbon nanotube structure 2044 as a base material. When the film-like carbon nanotube structure 2044 includes a plurality of carbon nanotube films, the plurality of carbon nanotube films are stacked and installed. When the film-like carbon nanotube structure 2044 includes one carbon nanotube linear structure, the carbon nanotube linear structure is formed into a film-like free-standing structure. When the film-like carbon nanotube structure 2044 includes a plurality of carbon nanotube linear structures, the plurality of carbon nanotube linear structures are installed in parallel, crossed, or knitted together. A film-like self-supporting structure can be formed. When the film-like carbon nanotube structure 2044 includes a carbon nanotube film and a carbon nanotube linear structure, the carbon nanotube linear structure is disposed on at least one surface of the carbon nanotube film.

  In the second type, referring to FIG. 2, the film-like carbon nanotube composite structure includes a carbon nanotube structure 2044 and a substrate 2042. The base body 2042 has a film-like structure, and the carbon nanotube structures 2044 are distributed in the base body 2042. Further, the carbon nanotube structures 2044 are preferably distributed uniformly in the base body 2042. The base body 2042 can completely cover the carbon nanotube structure 2044. Alternatively, at least part of the material of the base body 2042 is immersed in the carbon nanotube structure 2044. When the carbon nanotube structure 2044 includes a plurality of carbon nanotube linear structures arranged in parallel and spaced apart from each other, the carbon nanotube linear structure is formed from one end of the linear support, Extends to the other end. That is, the long axis of the carbon nanotube linear structure is parallel to the linear support.

  As another example, the linear carbon nanotube composite structure is a one-dimensional structure. In this case, the linear carbon nanotube composite structure is classified into the following two types.

  In the first type, the linear carbon nanotube composite structure includes a carbon nanotube linear structure and a substrate. Since the carbon nanotube linear structure has many micropores, the base material is immersed in the micropores of the carbon nanotube linear structure.

  In the second type, the linear carbon nanotube composite structure includes a carbon nanotube linear structure and a substrate. The carbon nanotube linear structure is composited in the substrate. When the heating element is a single linear carbon nanotube composite structure, the linear carbon nanotube composite structure is wound around the surface of the linear support. When the heating element is a plurality of linear carbon nanotube composite structures, the plurality of linear carbon nanotube composite structures are installed in an intersecting manner, a film-like structure is knitted, and the linear The surface of the support can be coated and wound.

  The carbon nanotube film includes a plurality of uniformly distributed carbon nanotubes. Adjacent carbon nanotubes are bonded by intermolecular force. The plurality of carbon nanotubes are arranged with or without orientation. According to the arrangement method of the plurality of carbon nanotubes, the carbon nanotube film is classified into two types: a non-oriented carbon nanotube film and an oriented carbon nanotube film. In the non-oriented carbon nanotube film in the present example, the carbon nanotubes are arranged or entangled along different directions. In the oriented carbon nanotube film, the plurality of carbon nanotubes are arranged along the same direction. Alternatively, in the oriented carbon nanotube film, when the oriented carbon nanotube film is divided into two or more regions, a plurality of carbon nanotubes in each region are arranged along the same direction. In this case, the arrangement directions of the carbon nanotubes in different regions are different.

  The carbon nanotube structure may include a plurality of stacked carbon nanotube films. The carbon nanotube structure preferably has a thickness of 0.5 nanometer to 1.0 millimeter. The thermal response speed of the carbon nanotube structure is related to the thickness of the carbon nanotube structure. When the carbon nanotube structures have the same surface area, the thermal response speed is slow if the thickness is large, and the thermal response speed is fast if the thickness is thin. When the thickness of the carbon nanotube structure is 1.0 micrometer to 1.0 millimeter, the carbon nanotube structure can reach the maximum temperature in a time shorter than 1 second. For example, when the carbon nanotube structure is a single carbon nanotube film, the carbon nanotube structure can reach a maximum temperature in a time shorter than 0.1 milliseconds. Therefore, the said linear heat source can heat a heating object rapidly.

  Examples of the carbon nanotube film of the present invention include the following (1) to (4).

(1) Drone structure carbon nanotube film The carbon nanotube structure includes at least one drone structure carbon nanotube film. Referring to FIG. 3, the single drone-structured carbon nanotube film 143a is obtained by pulling out from a super-aligned carbon nanotube array (see Superaligned array of carbon nanotubes, Non-Patent Document 1), and has a self-supporting structure. is there. In the single carbon nanotube film 143a, most of the plurality of carbon nanotubes are arranged in parallel to the surface of the carbon nanotube film, along the direction of drawing out the carbon nanotube film, and along the same direction. Yes. The ends of the plurality of carbon nanotubes are connected by an intermolecular force.

  Microscopically, in the carbon nanotube film 143a, in addition to the plurality of carbon nanotubes arranged along the same direction, there are carbon nanotubes which are not along the same direction but are oriented in a random direction. . Here, the proportion of the carbon nanotubes oriented in the random direction is smaller than that of the plurality of carbon nanotubes arranged along the same direction.

Further, the single carbon nanotube film 143a includes a plurality of carbon nanotube segments 143b. Referring to FIG. 4, the ends of the plurality of carbon nanotube segments 143b are connected to each other by an intermolecular force along the length direction. Each carbon nanotube segment 143b includes a plurality of carbon nanotubes 145 connected in parallel to each other by intermolecular force. In the single carbon nanotube segment 143b, the lengths of the plurality of carbon nanotubes 145 are substantially the same. By immersing the carbon nanotube film 143a in an organic solvent, the toughness and mechanical strength of the carbon nanotube film 143a can be increased. When the thickness of the carbon nanotube film 143a is 10 micrometers or less, since the light transmittance of the carbon nanotube film 143a reaches about 96% or more, it can be used as a transparent heat source. The heat capacity per unit area of the single carbon nanotube film 143a is 1.7 × 10 ⁻⁶ J / cm ² · K or less.

  The carbon nanotube structure may include a plurality of stacked carbon nanotube films 143a. In this case, the adjacent carbon nanotube films 143a are bonded by intermolecular force. The carbon nanotubes 145 in the adjacent carbon nanotube films 143a intersect each other at an angle of 0 ° to 90 °. When the carbon nanotubes 145 in the adjacent carbon nanotube film 143a intersect at an angle of 0 ° or more, a plurality of micropores are formed in the carbon nanotube structure, and the diameter of the micropores is 10 micrometers or less. Alternatively, the plurality of carbon nanotube films 143a may be juxtaposed on the same plane without a gap.

  The method for manufacturing the carbon nanotube film includes the following steps.

  In the first step, a carbon nanotube array is provided. The carbon nanotube array is a super aligned carbon nanotube array (see Superaligned array of carbon nanotubes, Non-Patent Document 1), and a chemical vapor deposition method is employed as a method of manufacturing the super aligned carbon nanotube array. The manufacturing method includes the following steps. In step (a), a flat substrate is provided, and the substrate is any one of a P-type silicon substrate, an N-type silicon substrate, and a silicon substrate on which an oxide layer is formed. In this embodiment, it is preferable to select a 4-inch silicon substrate. In step (b), a catalyst layer is uniformly formed on the surface of the substrate. The material of the catalyst layer is any one of iron, cobalt, nickel and two or more alloys thereof. In step (c), the substrate on which the catalyst layer has been formed is annealed with air at 700 ° C. to 900 ° C. for 30 minutes to 90 minutes. In step (d), the annealed substrate is placed in a reaction furnace, heated with a protective gas at a temperature of 500 ° C. to 740 ° C., and then a carbon-containing gas is introduced to react for 5 to 30 minutes. Thus, it is possible to grow a super aligned carbon nanotube array (Superaligned array of carbon nanotubes, Non-Patent Document 1). The carbon nanotube array has a height of 100 micrometers or more. The carbon nanotube array is composed of a plurality of carbon nanotubes that are parallel to each other and grow perpendicular to the substrate. Since the carbon nanotubes are long, the carbon nanotubes are partially entangled with each other. By controlling the growth conditions, the carbon nanotube array does not contain impurities such as amorphous carbon and remaining metal particles as a catalyst.

  In this embodiment, as the gas containing carbon, for example, active hydrocarbons such as acetylene, ethylene, and methane are selected, and it is preferable to select ethylene. The protective gas is nitrogen gas or inert gas, preferably argon gas.

  The carbon nanotube array provided by the present embodiment is not limited to being manufactured by the above manufacturing method, and may be manufactured by an arc discharge method or a laser evaporation method.

  In the second step, at least one carbon nanotube film is stretched from the carbon nanotube array. First, using a tool such as tweezers, a plurality of carbon nanotube ends are provided. For example, a plurality of carbon nanotube ends are used by using a tape having a certain width. Next, the plurality of carbon nanotubes are pulled out at a predetermined speed to form a continuous carbon nanotube film composed of a plurality of carbon nanotube bundles.

  In the step of pulling out the plurality of carbon nanotubes, when the plurality of carbon nanotubes are detached from the base material, the carbon nanotube bundles are joined to each other by an intermolecular force to form a continuous carbon nanotube film. (See FIG. 5).

(2) Precise structure carbon nanotube film The carbon nanotube structure includes at least one pressed structure carbon nanotube film. Referring to FIG. 6 or FIG. 7, the plurality of carbon nanotubes in the preced structure carbon nanotube film are arranged isotropically, arranged along a predetermined direction, or along different directions. Are arranged. The carbon nanotube film has a sheet-like self-standing structure formed by pressing the carbon nanotube array by applying a predetermined pressure by using a pushing tool and then depressing the carbon nanotube array with the pressure. is there. The arrangement direction of the carbon nanotubes in the carbon nanotube film is determined by the shape of the pushing device and the pushing direction of the carbon nanotube array.

  Referring to FIG. 6, the carbon nanotubes in a single carbon nanotube film are aligned and arranged. The carbon nanotube film includes a plurality of carbon nanotubes arranged along the same direction. When the carbon nanotube array is simultaneously pressed along the same direction using a pressing device having a roller shape, a carbon nanotube film including carbon nanotubes arranged in the same direction is formed. In addition, when the carbon nanotube array is simultaneously pressed along different directions using a pressing device having a roller shape, a carbon nanotube film including carbon nanotubes arranged in a selective direction along the different directions Is formed.

  Referring to FIG. 7, the carbon nanotubes in a single carbon nanotube film are arranged without being oriented. The carbon nanotube film includes a plurality of carbon nanotubes arranged isotropically. Adjacent carbon nanotubes attract each other by intermolecular force and connect. The carbon nanotube structure has planar isotropy. The carbon nanotube film is formed by pressing the carbon nanotube array along a direction perpendicular to the substrate on which the carbon nanotube array is grown using a pressing device having a flat surface.

  The degree of inclination of the carbon nanotubes in the carbon nanotube film is related to the pressure applied to the carbon nanotube array. The carbon nanotubes in the carbon nanotube film and the surface of the carbon nanotube film form an angle α, and the angle α is not less than 0 ° and not more than 15 °. Preferably, the carbon nanotubes in the carbon nanotube film are parallel to the surface of the carbon nanotube film. The greater the pressure, the greater the degree of tilt. The thickness of the carbon nanotube film is related to the height of the carbon nanotube array and the pressure applied to the carbon nanotube array. That is, as the height of the carbon nanotube array increases and the pressure applied to the carbon nanotube array decreases, the thickness of the carbon nanotube film increases. On the contrary, as the height of the carbon nanotube array becomes smaller and as the pressure applied to the carbon nanotube array becomes larger, the thickness of the carbon nanotube film becomes smaller. Since there are gaps between adjacent carbon nanotubes in the carbon nanotube film, many micropores are formed in the carbon nanotube film, and the diameter of the micropores is 10 micrometers or less.

(3) Fluff-structured carbon nanotube film The carbon nanotube structure includes at least one fluff-structured carbon nanotube film (flocculated carbon nanotube film). 8 and 9, in the single fluff structure carbon nanotube film, a plurality of carbon nanotubes are entangled with each other and isotropically arranged. In the carbon nanotube structure, the plurality of carbon nanotubes are uniformly distributed. The plurality of carbon nanotubes are arranged without being oriented. The length of the single said carbon nanotube is 10 micrometers or more, and it is preferable in it being 200 micrometers-900 micrometers. The carbon nanotube structure is formed in the shape of a self-supporting thin film. Here, the self-supporting structure is a form in which the carbon nanotube structure can be used independently without using a support material. The plurality of carbon nanotubes are close to each other by intermolecular force and entangled with each other to form a carbon nanotube net. The plurality of carbon nanotubes are arranged without being oriented to form many minute holes. Here, the diameter of the single minute hole is 10 micrometers or less. Since the carbon nanotubes in the carbon nanotube structure are arranged so as to be intertwined with each other, the carbon nanotube structure is excellent in flexibility and can be formed to be bent into an arbitrary shape. Depending on the application, the length and width of the carbon nanotube structure can be adjusted. The carbon nanotube structure has a thickness of 1.0 micrometer to 1.0 millimeter, preferably 100 micrometers.

  The method for producing the carbon nanotube film includes the following steps.

  In the first step, carbon nanotubes that serve as a basis for the carbon nanotube film are provided.

  The carbon nanotubes are peeled off from the substrate with a tool such as a knife to form a carbon nanotube raw material. The carbon nanotubes are intertwined with each other to some extent. In the raw material of the carbon nanotube, the carbon nanotube has a length of 10 micrometers or more, preferably 200 micrometers to 900 micrometers.

  In the second step, the carbon nanotube raw material is immersed in a solvent, and the carbon nanotube raw material is treated to form a fluffy carbon nanotube structure.

  After the carbon nanotube raw material is immersed in the solvent, the carbon nanotube is formed into a fluff structure by a method such as ultrasonic dispersion, high intensity stirring or vibration. The solvent is water or a volatile organic solvent. Treatment is performed for 10 to 30 minutes with respect to the solvent containing carbon nanotubes by an ultrasonic dispersion method. Since the carbon nanotube has a large specific surface area and a large intermolecular force is generated between the carbon nanotubes, the carbon nanotubes are entangled and formed into a fluff structure.

  In the third step, the solution containing the fluff structure carbon nanotube structure is filtered to take out the final fluff structure carbon nanotube structure.

  First, provide a funnel with filter paper. When the solvent containing the fluffy carbon nanotube structure is applied to the funnel on which the filter paper is placed and then left standing for a while to dry, the fluffy carbon nanotube structure is separated. Referring to FIG. 10, the carbon nanotubes in the carbon nanotube structure having the fluff structure are entangled with each other to form an irregular fluff structure.

  The separated fluff structure carbon nanotube structure is placed in a container, the fluff structure carbon nanotube structure is expanded into a predetermined shape, and a predetermined pressure is applied to the expanded fluff structure carbon nanotube structure, When the solvent remaining in the fluffy carbon nanotube structure is roasted or the solvent naturally evaporates, the fluffy carbon nanotube film shown in FIGS. 8 and 9 is formed.

  The thickness and surface density of the fluffy carbon nanotube film can be controlled by the area where the fluffy carbon nanotube structure is developed. That is, the fluff-structured carbon nanotube structure having a certain volume has a smaller thickness and areal density of the fluff-structured carbon nanotube film as the developed area increases.

  In addition, a carbon nanotube film having a fluff structure is formed using a microporous film and an air pump funnel. Specifically, a microporous membrane and an air pump funnel are provided, and the solvent containing the fluff-structured carbon nanotube structure is passed through the microporous membrane to the air pump funnel, and then extracted to the air pump funnel and dried. As a result, a carbon nanotube film having a fluff structure is formed. The microporous film has a smooth surface. In the microporous membrane, the diameter of a single micropore is 0.22 micrometers. Since the microporous membrane has a smooth surface, the carbon nanotube film can be easily peeled off from the microporous membrane. Furthermore, since air pressure is applied to the fluffy carbon nanotube film by using the air pump, a uniform fluffy carbon nanotube film can be formed.

(4) Ultra-long structure carbon nanotube film The carbon nanotube structure includes at least one ultra-long structure carbon nanotube film (ultra-long carbon nanotube film). Referring to FIG. 11, the ultra-long structure carbon nanotube film includes a plurality of carbon nanotubes having substantially the same length. In the single carbon nanotube film, the plurality of carbon nanotubes are arranged in parallel along the same direction. The thickness of the single carbon nanotube film is 10 nanometers to 100 micrometers. The plurality of carbon nanotubes are arranged in parallel to the surfaces of the plurality of carbon nanotube films, and are arranged in parallel to each other. Adjacent carbon nanotubes are separated and installed at a predetermined distance. The distance is from 0 to 5 micrometers. When the distance is 0 micrometer, the adjacent carbon nanotubes are connected by intermolecular force. The length of each carbon nanotube in the carbon nanotube film is basically the same as the length of the carbon nanotube film. The length of the single carbon nanotube is 1 centimeter or more, and preferably 1 centimeter to 30 centimeter. Furthermore, each carbon nanotube has no nodules. In the present embodiment, the carbon nanotube film has a thickness of 10 micrometers. The length of the single carbon nanotube is 10 centimeters.

The carbon nanotube structure may include at least one carbon nanotube linear structure. The carbon nanotube linear structure includes at least one carbon nanotube wire. The heat capacity of one carbon nanotube wire is 2 × 10 ⁻⁴ J / cm ² · K or less, preferably 0 (not including 0) to 5 × 10 ⁻⁵ J / cm ² · K. . The diameter of one carbon nanotube wire is 4.5 nm to 1 cm, preferably 1.0 μm to 100 μm.

  Referring to FIG. 12, the carbon nanotube wire (non-twisted carbon nanotube wire) includes a plurality of carbon nanotube segments (not shown) connected end to end. The carbon nanotube segments have the same length and width. Further, a plurality of carbon nanotubes having the same length are arranged in parallel in each of the carbon nanotube segments. The plurality of carbon nanotubes are arranged parallel to the central axis of the carbon nanotube wire. In this case, the diameter of one carbon nanotube wire is 1 μm to 1 cm.

  Referring to FIG. 13, the carbon nanotube wire can be twisted to form a twisted carbon nanotube wire. Here, the plurality of carbon nanotubes are arranged in a spiral shape around the central axis of the carbon nanotube wire. In this case, the diameter of one carbon nanotube wire is 1 μm to 1 cm. The carbon nanotube linear structure is made of any one of the non-twisted carbon nanotube wire, the twisted carbon nanotube wire, or a combination thereof.

  The method of forming the carbon nanotube wire uses a carbon nanotube film drawn from a carbon nanotube array. There are the following three methods for forming the carbon nanotube wire. In the first type, the carbon nanotube film is cut with a predetermined width along the longitudinal direction of the carbon nanotube in the carbon nanotube film to form a carbon nanotube wire. In the second type, the carbon nanotube film can be formed by immersing the carbon nanotube film in an organic solvent and shrinking the carbon nanotube film. In the third type, the carbon nanotube film is machined (for example, a spinning process) to form a twisted carbon nanotube wire. More specifically, first, the carbon nanotube film is fixed to a spinning device. Next, the spinning device is operated to rotate the carbon nanotube film to form a twisted carbon nanotube wire.

  When the carbon nanotube linear structure includes two or more carbon nanotube wires, the carbon nanotube wires are arranged in parallel to form a non-twisted carbon nanotube linear structure. Alternatively, the carbon nanotube wires are arranged in a spiral shape to form a twisted carbon nanotube linear structure. That is, the carbon nanotube wires in the non-twisted carbon nanotube linear structure are arranged along the longitudinal direction of the carbon nanotube linear structure. The carbon nanotube wires in the twisted carbon nanotube linear structure are spirally arranged along the axial direction of the linear structure.

  The carbon nanotube wire in the non-twisted carbon nanotube linear structure is a non-twisted carbon nanotube wire or a twisted carbon nanotube wire. The carbon nanotube wire in the twisted carbon nanotube linear structure is a non-twisted carbon nanotube wire or a twisted carbon nanotube wire.

  The carbon nanotube linear structure has a diameter of 0.5 nanometers to 2 millimeters. The diameter of the carbon nanotube linear structure increases as the diameter of the single carbon nanotube wire increases and the number of the carbon nanotube wires increases. Conversely, the smaller the diameter of the single carbon nanotube wire and the smaller the number of carbon nanotube wires, the smaller the diameter of the carbon nanotube linear structure.

  Since the carbon nanotubes in the carbon nanotube wire are oriented and arranged, the carbon nanotubes in the carbon nanotube linear structure made of the carbon nanotube wire are oriented and arranged.

  Further, the twisted carbon nanotube wire may be treated with a volatile organic solvent. Adjacent carbon nanotubes in the twisted carbon nanotube wire are tightly connected by intermolecular force due to the action of the surface force of the volatile organic solvent, so that the twisted carbon nanotube wire has a small diameter and specific surface area. It has a large density, excellent mechanical strength and excellent toughness.

  When the carbon nanotube structure includes one carbon nanotube linear structure, both ends of the carbon nanotube in the carbon nanotube linear structure are electrically connected to the electrodes, respectively. When the carbon nanotube structure includes a plurality of carbon nanotube linear structures, the plurality of carbon nanotube linear structures are arranged in parallel or crossed. The crossing angle of the cross-arranged carbon nanotube linear structures is not limited. A method of installing each of the carbon nanotube linear structures is not limited, and it may be ensured that a uniform heating element can be formed.

  The base material may be one or several types such as a polymer material and an inorganic non-metallic material. In the process of manufacturing the heating element of the linear heat source, the base material or the precursor formed in the base material penetrates into the gaps or micropores of the carbon nanotube structure, and the carbon nanotube structure Can be tightly joined. After the substrate material is solidified, it must be liquid or gas at a predetermined temperature so as to form a composite structure. In addition, the substrate needs to be made of a heat resistant material so that the heat generated by the operation of the linear heat source is not destroyed or deformed.

  Specifically, the polymer material is one or several of a thermoplastic polymer and a thermosetting polymer. For example, it is one or several kinds of epoxy resin, phenol resin, polyamide resin, fiber, polyethylene terephthalate, polyethylene, polypropylene, polystyrene, polyvinyl chloride, and the like. The inorganic nonmetallic material is one or several kinds of glass, ceramics, and semiconductor materials. In this embodiment, the base material is an epoxy resin. The base material may be a flexible polymer material. For example, it is one or several of silicon rubber, polyurethane, and polymethyl methacrylate resin.

  The base material may be added only in the micropores of the carbon nanotube structure, or the carbon nanotube structure may be completely covered. In the case where the heating element includes a plurality of carbon nanotube structures, the carbon nanotube structures are placed in the base material with a gap or in contact with each other. Depending on the actual application, the carbon nanotube film or the carbon nanotube wire can be placed at a predetermined position in the substrate material so that the heating element has different heating temperatures at different positions.

  Since the base material is immersed in the micropores of the carbon nanotube structure, the carbon nanotubes in the carbon nanotube structure can be fixed. Therefore, in the process of using the linear heat source, the carbon nanotubes in the carbon nanotube structure cannot be detached by an external force. When the carbon nanotube structure is coated with the base material, the carbon nanotube structure can be further protected, and the heating element is insulated from the outside. Moreover, heat can be uniformly transmitted by the base material. When the temperature of the carbon nanotube structure is rapidly increased, the heating element can be gradually heated by the base material. Furthermore, the base material can increase the flexibility and toughness of the carbon nanotube composite structure.

  In the heating element produced by directly combining the base material and the carbon nanotube structure having the self-supporting structure, the carbon nanotubes are uniformly distributed and the content thereof is 1% to 99%. The heat radiation temperature of the heat source using the heating element can be increased. The carbon nanotubes in the heating element can be uniformly distributed to form a conductive path, and compared with the carbon nanotubes in the prior art limited to the concentration dispersed in the solution, the carbon nanotubes The content in the heating element can reach 99%.

  The two electrodes must be electrically connected to the heating element. The two electrodes are made of a conductive material, and are disposed on the same surface of the heating element or on both opposing surfaces of the heating element. The two electrodes can be disposed on the surface of the heating element facing the reflective layer using the adhesive property of the carbon nanotube structure or a conductive adhesive. When a conductive adhesive is used, the two electrodes can be well fixed to the surface of the carbon nanotube structure at the same time as the two electrodes and the carbon nanotube structure are electrically connected. In this embodiment, the conductive adhesive is a silver paste. A voltage can be applied to the heating element by the two electrodes. When the heating element is activated, the two electrodes are placed at a predetermined distance in order to prevent a short circuit between the two electrodes and to connect a predetermined resistance between the two electrodes. There must be.

  When the base material of the heating element is added only to the micropores of the carbon nanotube structure, some of the carbon nanotubes in the carbon nanotube structure are exposed on the surface of the carbon nanotube composite structure. It can be installed on the surface of the heating element and electrically connected to the carbon nanotube structure. When the substrate material of the heating element is coated on the carbon nanotube structure, the electrode is installed in the carbon nanotube composite structure to electrically connect the electrode and the carbon nanotube structure. And directly connected to the carbon nanotube structure. In order to electrically connect the electrode to an external power source, a part of the electrode is exposed to the outside of the carbon nanotube composite structure, or the two electrodes are respectively connected to the carbon by two lead wires. Pull out to the outside of the nanotube composite structure.

  When the arrangement direction of the carbon nanotubes in the carbon nanotube structure is the same, the carbon nanotubes are arranged so as to extend from one electrode to the other electrode. For example, when the carbon nanotube structure includes a drone-structured carbon nanotube film, the two electrodes are arranged perpendicular to the major axis direction of the carbon nanotube in the carbon nanotube film.

  The electrode is a conductive film, a metal sheet, or a metal lead wire. The material of the conductive film is a metal, an alloy, an indium tin oxide (ITO) film, an antimony tin oxide (ATO), a silver paste, a conductive polymer, or a carbon nanotube structure. The metal is aluminum, copper, tungsten, molybdenum, gold, titanium, neodymium, palladium, cesium, or the like. The alloy is an alloy of the metal. When the electrode comprises a carbon nanotube structure, the carbon nanotube structure includes a drone structure carbon nanotube film, an ultralong structure carbon nanotube film, a non-twisted carbon nanotube linear structure, and a twisted carbon nanotube linear structure. Including the body. The carbon nanotube film or the carbon nanotube linear structure needs to contain carbon nanotubes having metallic properties. In this case, the carbon nanotube structure is fixed to the surface of the reflective layer or the linear support 202 by its own adhesiveness or conductive adhesive. The material of the metal sheet or the metal lead wire is copper or aluminum. When the electrode is a metal sheet, the metal sheet can be fixed to the surface of the heating element with a conductive adhesive.

  When the two electrodes are the carbon nanotube structure, the carbon nanotube structure has adhesiveness, so that the two electrodes can directly cover or wrap the surface of the reflective layer. Alternatively, the two electrodes may be bonded to the surface of the reflective layer with a conductive adhesive. The two electrodes are electrically connected to the heating element and at the same time are well fixed to the surface of the heating element.

  The material of the protective layer is, for example, an insulating material such as plastic, rubber and resin. The thickness of the protective layer is preferably 0.5 millimeters to 2 millimeters. By covering the surface of the heating element opposite to the surface facing the reflective layer, the linear heat source can be used in an insulated state, and dust can be prevented from adhering to the heating element. Of course, the protective layer may not be provided.

  When the two electrodes of the linear heat source are electrically connected to a power source (not shown), respectively, and a voltage is applied to the heating element by the two electrodes, the carbon nanotube composite structure of the heating element in the linear heat source is Electromagnetic waves having a predetermined wavelength can be emitted. The heating target may be placed in direct contact with the linear heat source or at a predetermined distance from the linear heat source. The object to be heated can be heated by heat generated by electromagnetic waves emitted from the carbon nanotube structure. By controlling the dimensions of the heating element and the voltage applied to the heating element, the heat released from the heating element can be controlled. When the voltage is constant, the wavelength of the electromagnetic wave emitted from the heating element can be adjusted by changing the thickness of the heating element. That is, the thicker the heating element, the shorter the wavelength of the electromagnetic wave emitted from the heating element. When the thickness of the heating element is constant, the wavelength of the electromagnetic wave emitted from the heating element becomes shorter as the voltage applied to the heating element increases. Therefore, the linear heat source can be easily controlled.

  When the linear heat source is applied, the voltage applied to the two electrodes is controlled according to the degree of heat resistance of the base material, and the heat radiation temperature of the carbon nanotube composite structure is set within the heat resistant temperature range of the base material. Can be restricted. For example, when the base material is a polymer, a voltage of 10 V or less must be applied to the heating element. At this time, the temperature of the linear heat source becomes 120 ° C. or lower. When the base material is ceramic, a voltage of 10V to 30V must be applied to the heating element. At this time, the temperature of the linear heat source is 120 ° C to 500 ° C. The heating element is excellent in that heat radiation is stable, heat release efficiency is high, and a large amount of heat is released.

  The substrate material in the carbon nanotube composite structure of the linear heat source is a flexible polymer, and when the linear support 202 is also made of a flexible material, the linear heat source is a flexible linear heat source. . When the linear heat source is used, the heating target may be in direct contact with the linear heat source, or the heating target may be installed at a predetermined distance from the linear heat source.

  Referring to FIG. 14, a method for manufacturing the linear heat source will be described.

  In the first step, a carbon nanotube structure and a linear support are provided.

  For the structure of the carbon nanotube structure and the manufacturing method thereof, refer to the above description.

  The linear support has a one-dimensional structure and is used to support the heating element. The material of the linear support may be, for example, a hard material such as ceramics, glass, resin, or quartz, or may be a soft material such as plastic or soft fiber. When the linear support is made of a soft material, the linear heat source can be bent into an arbitrary shape. The linear support is preferably made of an insulating material.

  In the second step, the carbon nanotube structure is placed on the surface of the linear support.

  Since the carbon nanotube structure has adhesiveness, the carbon nanotube structure may be directly coated on or wound on the surface of the linear support, and the carbon nanotube structure utilizes its own adhesiveness. And it fixes to the surface of the said linear support body. Alternatively, the carbon nanotube structure is fixed to the surface of the linear support using an adhesive such as silica gel.

  Before installing the carbon nanotube structure on the surface of the linear support, a reflective layer 210 is formed on the surface of the linear support by a method such as coating or coating. The material of the reflective layer is an insulating material such as metal oxide, metal salt, and ceramics. In this embodiment, the reflective layer is an aluminum oxide film and has a thickness of 100 micrometers. The reflective layer reflects heat released from the carbon nanotube structure and releases the heat to an external space.

  Of course, the heating element can be directly installed on the surface of the linear support without providing the reflective layer.

  In the third step, two electrodes are placed at an interval, and the two electrodes are electrically connected to the carbon nanotube structure.

  The two electrodes are made of a conductive material, and are disposed on the same surface of the carbon nanotube structure or both opposing surfaces of the carbon nanotube structure. The two electrodes may be installed on the surface of the heating element using the adhesive property of the carbon nanotube structure or a conductive adhesive. The conductive adhesive can well fix the two electrodes to the surface of the carbon nanotube structure simultaneously with the electrical connection between the two electrodes and the carbon nanotube structure. A voltage can be applied to the heating element by the two electrodes. In order to connect a predetermined resistance so as to prevent a short circuit when the heating element is heated, the two electrodes must be installed at a predetermined distance.

  The electrode is a conductive film, a metal sheet, or a metal lead wire. The material of the conductive film is a metal, an alloy, an indium tin oxide (ITO) film, an antimony tin oxide (ATO), a silver paste, a conductive polymer, or a carbon nanotube structure. The conductive film is formed on the surface of the carbon nanotube structure by physical vapor deposition, chemical vapor deposition, or other methods. The material of the metal sheet or the metal lead wire is copper or aluminum. The metal sheet or metal lead wire can be fixed to the surface of the carbon nanotube structure with a conductive adhesive.

  The electrode may be a metallic carbon nanotube structure. The carbon nanotube structure has a structure as shown in FIG. 3, FIG. 11, FIG. 12, or FIG.

  Of course, two electrodes are formed in parallel with the surface of the carbon nanotube structure, and the electrodes are electrically connected to the carbon nanotube structure. Next, the carbon nanotube structure on which the electrode is formed is placed on the surface of the linear support. After forming the electrodes, two metal leads can be formed that are drawn from the electrodes to an external power source.

  In the fourth step, a preform of the base material is provided, and the preform of the base material and the carbon nanotube structure are combined to form a carbon nanotube composite structure.

  The preform of the base material is a solution made of the base material and a precursor reaction product for manufacturing the base material. The preform of the substrate material is liquid or gas at a predetermined temperature. The method in which the base material and the carbon nanotube structure are combined is one kind of coating, deposition, printing, and dipping.

  The base material may be one or several types such as a polymer material and a non-metallic material. Specifically, since the polymer material is one or several of a thermoplastic polymer and a thermosetting polymer, the preform of the base material is a single polymer to be formed into the thermoplastic polymer and the thermosetting polymer. It is a solution. Alternatively, it is a mixed solution formed by dissolving the thermoplastic polymer or thermosetting polymer in a volatile organic solvent. Since the non-metallic material is glass, ceramics, semiconductor material, or the like, the preform of the base material is a paste made of non-metallic material particles, a reaction gas for producing the non-metallic material, or a non-metallic metal. Material. Specifically, a preform of a gaseous base material is formed by a method such as vacuum evaporation, sputtering, chemical vapor deposition, or physical vapor deposition, and the preform of the base material is formed as the carbon nanotube structure. Deposited on the surface of the carbon nanotubes. Also, a large number of non-metallic material particles are dispersed in a solvent to form a paste, which is used as a preform for the base material.

  When the preform of the substrate material is a liquid, the preform of the liquid substrate material is immersed in the carbon nanotube structure, and the preform of the substrate material is solidified. This material is infiltrated into the micropores of the carbon nanotube structure to form a carbon nanotube composite structure. When the preform of the base material is a paste, a composite structure is formed with the carbon nanotube structure by a method such as coating or spray coating.

  In the third step, the step of forming an electrode may be performed after the carbon nanotube composite structure in the fourth step is formed. When the base material is added only in the micropores of the carbon nanotube structure, that is, when a part of the carbon nanotube is exposed on the surface of the carbon nanotube composite structure, the same method as the third step is used. The two electrodes can be electrically connected to the carbon nanotube structure. When the base material covers the surface of the carbon nanotube structure, the carbon nanotube composite structure is cut by a cutting method so that the carbon nanotube is exposed on the surface of the carbon nanotube composite structure. Thereafter, the exposed carbon nanotube structure can be electrically connected to the two electrodes in the same manner as in the third step.

  The material of the protective layer is, for example, an insulating material such as plastic, rubber and resin. The thickness of the protective layer is not limited and can be selected according to actual application. The protective layer is fixed to the surface of the heating element by an adhesive or a mechanical fixing method. When the material of the protective layer is a thermoplastic polymer, the thermoplastic polymer is applied or coated on the surface of the heating element at a high temperature and solidified at a low temperature to form the protective layer. When the material of the protective layer is, for example, a flexible polymer such as polyethylene terephthalate (PET), the protective layer and the heating element are bonded by a hot press method.

Example 1
Referring to FIGS. 15 to 17, the first embodiment of the present invention provides a linear heat source 20. The linear heat source 20 includes a linear support 202, a reflective layer 210, a heating element 204, a protective layer 208, and two electrodes 206.

  The reflective layer 210 is installed on one surface of the linear support 202. The heating element 204 is installed on the surface of the reflective layer 210 opposite to the surface facing the support 202. The two electrodes 206 are disposed on the surface of the heating element 204 at an interval, and are electrically connected to the heating element 204, respectively. The protective layer 208 is disposed on the surface of the heating element 204 opposite to the surface facing the reflective layer 201. The diameter of the linear heat source 20 is preferably 1.1 millimeters to 1.1 centimeters. The two electrodes 206 are used for electrical connection to a power source.

  The linear support 202 is a ceramic cylindrical body having a diameter of 1 millimeter.

  The reflective layer 210 is an aluminum oxide film and has a thickness of 100 micrometers. The reflective layer 210 is formed on the surface of the linear support 202 by a sputtering method.

  The carbon nanotube structure in the heating element 204 is a laminated hundred-walled drone structure carbon nanotube film, and the base material is an epoxy resin. The epoxy resin penetrates into the plurality of micropores of the carbon nanotube structure. In the heating element 204, the arrangement direction of the carbon nanotubes in the adjacent carbon nanotube film is vertical. Some of the carbon nanotubes are arranged along a direction extending from the first electrode 12 to the second electrode 14. The heating element 204 has an area of 9 square centimeters, a length of 3 centimeters, and a width of 3 centimeters. The heating element 204 covers the reflective layer 210 and the two electrodes 206 and is electrically connected to the two electrodes 206. The two electrodes 206 are made of a drone structure carbon nanotube film. The two carbon nanotube films are respectively installed at both ends along the longitudinal direction of the linear support 202, wound around the inner surface of the heating element 204, and electrically connected to the heating element 204 with a conductive adhesive. The conductive adhesive is preferably a silver paste. Since the heating element 204 in the present embodiment is made of a carbon nanotube structure, the electrode 206 and the heating element 204 have a small ohmic contact resistance, and the linear heat source 20 increases the proportion of utilization of electric energy. Can do.

  The protective layer 208 is made of rubber and has a thickness of 0.5 millimeter.

  FIG. 18 is a photograph of a cross section formed by cutting the carbon nanotube composite structure along a direction perpendicular to the long axis direction of the carbon nanotube in the carbon nanotube composite structure including the drone structure carbon nanotube film. Referring to FIG. 18, it can be seen that after the carbon nanotube and the epoxy resin are combined, the carbon nanotube can be kept in the epoxy resin in a state of being basically aligned in the same direction.

  With reference to FIGS. 15-17, the manufacturing method of the said linear heat source 20 is demonstrated.

  In the first step, a carbon nanotube structure and a linear support 202 are provided.

  For the structure of the carbon nanotube structure and the manufacturing method thereof, refer to the above description.

  The linear support 202 is used to support the heating element 204. The linear support 202 is a ceramic cylindrical body having a diameter of 1 centimeter.

  In the second step, the carbon nanotube structure is placed on the surface of the linear support 202.

  The carbon nanotube structure includes one hundred of the drone structure carbon nanotube films stacked. Adjacent carbon nanotube films are closely connected by intermolecular forces.

  Before the carbon nanotube structure is placed on the surface of the linear support 202, a reflective layer 210 is formed on the surface of the linear support 202 by a method such as coating or coating. The material of the reflective layer 210 is an aluminum oxide film, and the thickness thereof is 100 micrometers. The reflective layer 210 reflects heat released from the carbon nanotube structure and releases the heat to an external space. Thereafter, the carbon nanotube structure is fixed to the surface of the reflective layer 210 opposite to the surface facing the linear support 202 using an adhesive such as silica gel.

  Of course, the heating element 204 may be directly installed on the surface of the linear support 202 without providing the reflective layer 210.

  In the third step, the two electrodes 206 are placed at an interval, and the two electrodes 206 are electrically connected to the carbon nanotube structure.

  In this embodiment, after depositing two palladium films serving as the electrodes 206 on the surface of the carbon nanotube structure by a sputtering method, the two palladium films are electrically connected to metal lead wires, respectively.

  Of course, in this embodiment, first, two electrodes 206 are formed to be spaced apart from each other in parallel with the surface of the carbon nanotube structure, and the electrodes 206 are electrically connected to the carbon nanotube structure. . Next, the carbon nanotube structure on which the electrode 206 is formed is placed on the surface of the linear support 202. After forming the electrode 206, two metal lead wires can be formed that are drawn from the electrode 206 to an external power source.

  In the fourth step, a preform of the base material is provided, and the preform of the base material and the carbon nanotube structure are combined to form a carbon nanotube composite structure.

  In this embodiment, a polymer material and a carbon nanotube structure are combined by a method of injecting glue to form a carbon nanotube composite structure. Referring to FIG. 19, the method includes the following steps.

  In the first sub-step, a liquid thermosetting polymeric material is provided. The viscosity of the liquid thermosetting polymer material is 5 Pascal · second or less, and the viscosity can be maintained for 30 minutes or more at room temperature. The thermosetting polymer material includes a polymer material and additives such as a solidifying agent, a modifier, a filler, or a diluent.

  The mass percentage content of the polymer material in the thermosetting polymer material is 70% to 95%. The content by mass of the additive in the thermosetting polymer material is 5% to 30%. Examples of the polymer material include phenol resin, epoxy resin, bismaleimide resin, polybenzoxazine resin, cyanate ester resin, dei lyi, and polyimide resin. resin), polyurethane (Polyurethane), polymethyl methacrylate resin (PMMA) and the like.

  The solidifying agent is used for accelerating solidification of the thermosetting polymer material, and includes an aliphatic amine, an alicyclic amine, an aromatic amine, a polyamide ( One kind or several kinds such as polyamide, acid anhydride, tertiary amine, and resin.

  The modifying agent can enhance the flexibility, shear resistance, bending resistance, insulation, and the like of the thermosetting polymer material. The modifier is one or several types such as polysulfide rubber and polyamide resin.

  The additive is used to improve heat dissipation conditions when the thermosetting polymer material is solidified, and can reduce the dose of the thermosetting polymer material and reduce the cost. . The additive is one or several kinds of asbestos fiber, glass fiber, quartz powder, aluminum oxide, silica gel powder and the like.

  The diluent is one or several kinds such as diglycidyl ether, polyglycidyl ether, and allylphenol.

  In this embodiment, it is preferable to produce a thermosetting polymer material that is liquid with an epoxy resin. Specifically, the following steps are included.

  First, a mixture of glycidyl ether type epoxy resin and glycidic acid ester type epoxy resin is placed in a container, the mixture is heated to 30 ° C. to 60 ° C., and the mixture is mixed for 10 minutes so that the mixture is uniformly mixed. To stir.

  Next, an aliphatic amine and diglycidyl ether are added to the mixture and a chemical reaction is performed to form a reaction product.

  Finally, the reaction product is heated to 30 ° C. to 60 ° C. to form a liquid thermosetting polymer material containing an epoxy resin.

  In the second sub-step, the carbon nanotube structure is immersed in the liquid thermosetting polymer material.

  The method of immersing the carbon nanotube structure with the liquid thermosetting polymer material includes the following steps.

  First, the linear support body 202 on which the carbon nanotube structure is installed is placed in a mold.

  Next, in order to immerse the carbon nanotube structure, the liquid thermosetting polymer material is injected into the mold. In order for the liquid thermosetting polymer material to sufficiently immerse the carbon nanotube structure, the time for immersing the carbon nanotube structure is 10 minutes or more.

  In this example, after covering the surface of the ceramic linear support 202 with the laminated carbon nanotube film of 100 sheets, the linear support 202 is placed in a mold. Liquid epoxy resin is injected into the mold, and the carbon nanotube structure is immersed for 20 minutes or more.

  The method in which the liquid thermosetting polymer material immerses the carbon nanotube structure is not limited to the injection method, and the liquid thermosetting polymer material may cause the carbon nanotube structure by capillary action. The carbon nanotube structure can be immersed in the liquid, or the carbon nanotube structure can be immersed in the liquid thermosetting polymer material.

  In the third sub-step, the liquid thermosetting polymer material is solidified to form a carbon nanotube polymer material composite structure.

  In this embodiment, the method for solidifying a thermosetting polymer material containing an epoxy resin includes the following steps.

  First, the mold is heated to 50 ° C. to 70 ° C. by a heating device, and at this temperature, the thermosetting polymer material containing the epoxy resin is liquid. The temperature is maintained for 1 to 3 hours so as to increase the degree to which the thermosetting polymer material is solidified, and the thermosetting polymer material continues to absorb heat.

  Next, the mold is continuously heated to 80 ° C. to 100 ° C. so as to increase the degree to which the thermosetting polymer material is solidified, and held at the temperature for 1 to 3 hours.

  Thereafter, the mold is continuously heated to 110 ° C. to 150 ° C. and held at the temperature for 2 hours to 20 hours so as to increase the degree of solidification of the thermosetting polymer material.

  Finally, heating is stopped and the mold is lowered to room temperature, and then released to form a carbon nanotube polymer material composite structure.

  In the heating method, the thermosetting polymer material can be solidified by directly heating the mold to 110 to 150 ° C.

  In the fifth step, a protective layer 208 is formed on the surface of the heating element 204 to cover the heating element 204.

  The protective layer 208 is made of rubber and has a rubber thickness of 0.5 mm. The protective layer 208 is fixed to the surface of the heating element 204 by an adhesive or a mechanical fixing method.

  Referring to FIG. 20, when the heating element 204 in Example 1 is a flexible carbon nanotube composite structure, the linear heat source 20 can be manufactured by the following method.

  In the first step, a carbon nanotube structure is provided.

  In the second step, a preform of a flexible substrate material is provided, and the preform of the flexible substrate material and the carbon nanotube structure are combined to form a flexible carbon nanotube composite structure.

  In the third step, a linear support 202 is provided, and the flexible carbon nanotube composite structure is installed on the surface of the linear support 202.

  In the fourth step, two electrodes 206 are provided at an interval, and the two electrodes 206 are electrically connected to the carbon nanotube structures in the flexible carbon nanotube composite structure, respectively.

  Of course, after two electrodes 206 are formed at intervals so as to be electrically connected to the carbon nanotube structure, the carbon nanotube structure and the preform of the flexible base material are combined to form a carbon. A nanotube composite structure may be formed.

(Example 2)
Referring to FIG. 21, a linear heat source according to Embodiment 2 of the present invention is provided. The linear heat source 30 includes a heating element 304, two electrodes 306 that are disposed at a distance from the heating element 304 and are electrically connected to the heating element 304. The heating element 304 includes a linear carbon nanotube composite structure. The linear carbon nanotube composite structure is the same as the linear carbon nanotube composite structure. The linear carbon nanotube composite structure includes at least one carbon nanotube linear structure and a base material, and the base material is immersed in the micropores of the carbon nanotube linear structure. The linear carbon nanotube composite structure includes a base and at least one carbon nanotube linear structure composited in the base.

  After placing the carbon nanotube linear structure in the mold and injecting the liquid thermosetting polymer material into the mold to immerse the carbon nanotube linear structure, It should be understood that heating causes the liquid thermosetting polymeric material to solidify and form a linear carbon nanotube composite structure. The carbon nanotube linear structure and the base material are the same as the carbon nanotube linear structure and the base material in Example 1. Since the carbon nanotube linear structure has a self-supporting structure, the linear carbon nanotube composite structure also has a self-supporting structure. The electrode 306 is installed on the surface of the linear carbon nanotube composite structure and is electrically connected to the carbon nanotube linear structure. The material of the electrode 306 is the same as the material of the electrode 206 in the first embodiment.

(Example 3)
Referring to FIG. 22, a linear heat source 40 according to Embodiment 3 of the present invention is provided. The linear heat source 40 includes a linear support 402, a reflective layer 410 disposed on the surface of the linear support 402, a heating element 504, and two electrodes (not shown). The heating element 504 includes a single carbon nanotube linear structure. The carbon nanotube linear structure is wound around the surface of the reflective layer 410 opposite to the surface facing the linear support 402. Both ends of the carbon nanotube linear structure are electrically connected to two electrodes, respectively. The carbon nanotube linear structure is a non-twisted carbon nanotube linear structure or a twisted carbon nanotube linear structure. The carbon nanotube linear structure may include only one carbon nanotube wire.

  The two electrodes include one carbon nanotube linear structure. The carbon nanotube linear structure includes a plurality of non-twisted carbon nanotube wires arranged in parallel along the longitudinal direction of the linear structure.

Example 4
Referring to FIG. 23, a linear heat source 50 according to Embodiment 3 of the present invention is provided. The linear heat source 50 includes a linear support 502, a reflective layer 510 disposed on the surface of the linear support 502, a heating element 504, and two electrodes (not shown). The heating element 504 includes a plurality of carbon nanotube linear structures, and the plurality of carbon nanotube linear structures are arranged in an intersecting manner. Some of the plurality of carbon nanotube linear structures are arranged in parallel, and their opposite ends are electrically connected to two electrodes, respectively. Another part of the plurality of carbon nanotube linear structures is arranged perpendicular to the carbon nanotube linear structure. The carbon nanotube linear structure is a non-twisted carbon nanotube linear structure or a twisted carbon nanotube linear structure.

  The carbon nanotube structure may be a composite structure of a carbon nanotube film and a carbon nanotube linear structure. The carbon nanotube linear structure is placed on the carbon nanotube film to form a heating element 504.

  The manufacturing method of the linear heat source according to Example 3 and Example 4 is basically the same as the manufacturing method of the linear heat source 20 according to Example 1.

  The linear heat source and the method for manufacturing the linear heat source have the following excellent points.

  By directly combining the base material and the carbon nanotube structure having the self-supporting structure to form a heating element, the carbon nanotube retains the form of the carbon nanotube structure in the heating element. The carbon nanotubes in the heating element are uniformly distributed and can form a conductive path, the concentration dispersed in the solution is not limited, and the content of the carbon nanotubes reaches 99% in the heating element. be able to. Therefore, the heat radiation temperature of the linear heat source can be increased.

  In the linear heat source, the heating element includes a carbon nanotube structure, the carbon nanotubes in the carbon nanotube structure are uniformly arranged, and the heating element has a uniform thickness and resistance. Heat can be released. Since the carbon nanotube has a high efficiency of converting electric energy into heat energy, the linear heat source has a high temperature rising rate, a high thermal response speed, and a high heat exchange rate.

  Since the carbon nanotube in the heating element has excellent mechanical performance, excellent toughness and excellent mechanical strength, the heating element has excellent mechanical performance, excellent toughness and mechanical strength, and has a long service life. . Further, when the carbon nanotube structure and the flexible substrate are combined to form the heating element, a flexible linear heat source can be manufactured using the heating element.

  Since the diameter of the carbon nanotube in the heating element is small, the heating element has a small thickness. Therefore, it is possible to manufacture an extremely small linear heat source, and it is possible to heat an element that is a small heating target by using the small linear heat source.

  When the carbon nanotube structure is made of a carbon nanotube film obtained by pulling out from a super-aligned carbon nanotube array, since the plurality of carbon nanotubes in the carbon nanotube film are connected in the same direction, the ends are connected, Excellent conductivity. Accordingly, the linear heat source has excellent heating performance.

  The method of manufacturing the linear heat source is simple, reduces cost, and can manufacture an extremely small linear heat source.

20, 30, 40, 50 Wire heat source 202, 402, 502 Support 204, 304, 404, 504 Heating element 206, 306 Electrode 208 Protective layer
210, 410, 510 Reflective layer 143a Carbon nanotube film 143b Carbon nanotube segment 145 Carbon nanotube 2042 Substrate 2044 Carbon nanotube structure

Claims (4)

A linear support, a heating element coated on the linear support, and two electrodes electrically connected to the heating element,
The heating element includes a carbon nanotube composite structure;
The carbon nanotube composite structure includes at least one carbon nanotube film and a base material, and the carbon nanotube film and the base material are combined,
The carbon nanotube film consists only of a plurality of carbon nanotubes,
A linear heat source, wherein the plurality of carbon nanotubes are intertwined with each other.   The linear heat source according to claim 1, wherein a plurality of micropores are formed in the carbon nanotube film, and the base material is infiltrated into the plurality of micropores.   The linear heat source according to claim 1, wherein the carbon nanotube film has a self-supporting structure.   The reflective layer is installed between the heating element and the linear support, and the reflective layer reflects heat released from the heating element. The linear heat source described in 1.