JP2010237141A - Sample for calibration of fiber orientation measuring device - Google Patents

Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a sample for calibration of a fiber orientation measuring device for calibrating the value showing the fiber orientation measured by each fiber orientation measuring device in consideration that it is inconvenient that the reference value changes between the front and back surfaces when the fiber orientation measuring devices simultaneously measures the fiber orientations of the front and back surfaces of paper. <P>SOLUTION: A sample having known fiber orientation angle or/and fiber orientation strength is set as the sample for calibration, and the measured data by the fiber orientation measuring device to be calibrated is calibrated by measuring the fiber orientation angle and fiber orientation strength of this sample for calibration. The reference values of the fiber orientation angle and fiber orientation strength of the sample for calibration are obtained by a direct method of measuring the number of fibers or an indirect method of measuring it with an optional fiber orientation measuring device. The calibration curve of the measured values of the orientation angle and orientation strength of the sample for calibration and measured data of them is determined, and the calibration is performed. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2011,JPO&INPIT

Description

  The present invention provides, for example, a fiber orientation measuring apparatus for determining the fiber orientation of a measurement object such as paper manufactured by a paper machine, and the fiber orientation angle and fiber orientation strength in a non-contact manner online on the paper machine. When measuring by this, it is related with the sample for a calibration used for the fiber orientation measuring apparatus used as the reference | standard for correct | amending the data regarding the fiber orientation angle and fiber orientation intensity | strength measured with the said fiber orientation measuring apparatus to an actual thing.

  The orientation of the fibers composing the paper is a factor that determines the dimensional stability and mechanical properties of the paper. This fiber orientation is determined by the fiber orientation angle formed by the direction of the fibers constituting the paper with respect to the paper machine running direction and the major axis / minor axis of the ellipse when the orientation of the fiber number distribution is approximated by an ellipse. The fiber orientation strength indicated by the ratio (orientation ratio) may be expressed as a parameter.

  On the other hand, in a paper machine such as a long net type, in a wire part, water in which a papermaking material is dispersed is sprayed on a wire formed by a moving wire mesh, and a paper layer is formed while moisture is dehydrated as the wire travels. It is formed. Then, it is squeezed by a press part and dried by a dry part. In such a papermaking process, the fiber orientation of the paper is almost determined when the paper layer is formed in the wire part. For this reason, if fiber orientation is measured about the manufactured paper and the supply conditions to the wire part of a papermaking material are adjusted based on the measurement result, papermaking with an appropriate physical property can be achieved.

  As shown in FIG. 11, the fiber orientation is irradiated with detection light in a direction orthogonal to the paper surface of the sample S from the light projecting means 1, and the reflected light reflected by the side surface (slope) of the fibers constituting the paper is received. It can be captured by means 2. The intensity of the reflected light increases as the number of fibers Q arranged in the same direction increases. Therefore, the reflected light is captured while the sample S is rotated once, and the distribution of the reflected light intensity obtained thereby reflects the distribution of the number of fibers in the arrangement direction. A fiber orientation measuring device is used as a device for obtaining the fiber orientation angle and the fiber orientation strength by capturing the reflected light from the fiber and obtaining the fiber orientation distribution, thereby contributing to the evaluation of the fiber orientation. is there.

  By the way, the applicant of the present application has developed a fiber orientation measurement method and a fiber orientation measurement device for paper which can acquire the fiber orientation angle and the fiber orientation strength of the paper running on the paper machine (Patent Document 1). reference). As shown in FIG. 12, the fiber orientation measuring apparatus has a light projecting unit 1 that emits non-polarized detection light perpendicular to the surface of the paper P, and an incident optical axis of the light projecting unit 1 as a center. At least eight light receiving means 2 are arranged on the same circle, and the reflected light intensity measured by the light receiving means 2 is obtained.

  Further, in view of the fact that there are individual differences in the eight light receiving means 2 or that the reflected light intensity measured by each light receiving means 2 may vary due to changes over time. The present applicant has provided a signal normalization device for a fiber orientation meter that can compensate for this even if there is variation in the characteristics of the light-receiving elements used in the light-receiving means 2, and can obtain accurate orientation (Patent Document). 2).

  By using such a fiber orientation measuring device on a paper machine with respect to paper produced by a paper machine, it can be used for producing paper having good fiber orientation. That is, it is arranged upstream of the reel part of the paper machine, measures the fiber orientation of the manufactured paper P, adjusts the papermaking raw material supplied to the wire part based on the measurement data, slice lip of the stock inlet, etc. It is possible to optimize the fiber orientation of the paper to be manufactured by adjusting (see Patent Documents 3 and 4).

  When measuring the fiber orientation of paper running on a paper machine with the fiber orientation measuring device, the measurement is usually made on each of the wire surface (W surface) and the felt surface (F surface) of the paper, and the difference between these two Measurement data (for example, F surface-W surface) is acquired. For this reason, the fiber orientation measuring apparatus is provided about each of front and back. The measurement data measured and acquired by these fiber orientation measuring devices includes the reflected light intensity detected by the light receiving element such as the optical axis misalignment of the fiber orientation measuring apparatus and the arrangement angle error of the light receiving element of the light receiving means 2. For example, the fiber orientation angle and the fiber orientation strength output by the fiber orientation measuring device on the F-plane side and the W-plane side may be different, and the obtained measurement data lacks reliability. There is a fear. For example, in FIG. 7 and FIG. 8, the measured values obtained by sampling the paper at each position in the width direction of the paper machine and measuring the direction of each fiber on the front and back surfaces of the sample are displayed with ●, and the fiber orientation The values measured by the measuring device are indicated by ▲. Comparing these measured values with the measured values, it can be seen that the difference between the measured value of the fiber orientation measuring device and the measured value is different for each of the front and back surfaces of the sample. 9 and 10 show the measured values of the orientation strength measured by the reference fiber orientation device on the front and back surfaces of the sample as "-●-", and the fiber orientation measurement device to be calibrated. The measured value is indicated by “− ◯ −”. Comparing these measured values with the measured values, it can be seen that the difference between the measured value of the fiber orientation measuring device and the measured value is different for each of the front and back surfaces of the sample.

JP-A-7-311142 JP-A-11-269789 Japanese Patent No. 3925676 Japanese Patent Application No. 2006-74001

  As described above, since different errors are generated for each fiber orientation measuring device, errors are similarly generated in the measurement data measured by the respective fiber orientation measuring devices for measuring the front and back sides. For this reason, it is necessary to match the reference for each fiber orientation measuring device for measuring the front and back, and the orientation angle and the fiber orientation strength of each fiber orientation measuring device need to be calibrated for each fiber orientation measuring device. is there.

  When calibrating the fiber orientation measurement device data for the fiber orientation angle and fiber orientation strength, the error between the data measured by the fiber orientation measurement device and the actual data is compared, and the measured data is converted into actual data. Calibrate based. At this time, the actual data is required to be known in advance for the fiber orientation angle and the fiber orientation strength.

  In view of this, an object of the present invention is to provide a calibration sample of a fiber orientation measuring apparatus that has a fiber orientation angle and a fiber orientation strength as a reference and is a target for comparison with measurement data.

  As a technical means for achieving the above object, the calibration sample of the fiber orientation measuring device according to the present invention measures the reflected light intensity by irradiating the surface of the measurement object with the detection light and capturing the reflected light. In the calibration sample of the fiber orientation measuring device for calibrating the fiber orientation strength measured by the fiber orientation measuring device for obtaining the fiber orientation, the reflected light distribution has an anisotropy that can be approximated by an ellipse, The fiber orientation angle and fiber orientation strength exhibiting the anisotropy are known from the major axis direction and the minor axis direction of the shape.

  That is, a sample for calibration is a sample in which the reflected light distribution is previously elliptical and the fiber orientation strength is known. The fiber orientation strength is a value corresponding to the number of fibers related to the arrangement, and an ellipse showing the reflected light distribution indicates the fiber orientation strength. For this reason, the reflected light distribution is approximated by an ellipse, the fiber orientation strength is acquired from the major axis and the minor axis, and the elliptical state becomes a calibration sample indicating the fiber orientation strength.

  If the fiber orientation strength of the calibration sample is measured by a fiber orientation measuring device to be calibrated, and the measurement data is compared with the actual data of the calibration sample, an error between the measurement data and the actual data. The measurement data is calibrated based on this error.

  If the fiber orientation of the calibration sample is acquired by measuring each fiber contained in the calibration sample one by one, an almost accurate fiber orientation can be acquired. For example, the surface of the sample is photographed with a camera, image processing is performed, the fibers present on the surface are partitioned at a certain angle, and the number of fibers arranged within the angle is measured, and the angle is measured. There is a method for obtaining the fiber orientation by obtaining the number distribution for each.

  A calibration sample of the fiber orientation measuring apparatus according to the invention of claim 2 is characterized in that a ratio of the major axis to the minor axis is 1.03 or more.

  When the ratio of the major axis to the minor axis is 1.00, the reflected light distribution becomes circular, resulting in a calibration sample having no fiber orientation, which is inconvenient. At least, the reflected light distribution needs to be elliptical, and if the ratio of the major axis to the minor axis is 1.03 or more, the elliptical shape relating to fiber orientation that can be used as a calibration sample is obtained.

  Further, the calibration sample of the fiber orientation measuring device according to the invention of claim 3 irradiates the surface of the measurement object with the detection light and captures the reflected light to measure the reflected light intensity to obtain the fiber orientation. In the calibration sample of the fiber orientation measuring device that calibrates the fiber orientation angle measured by the fiber orientation measuring device, the fiber orientation angle is known.

  When evaluating fiber orientation, a fiber orientation angle is used together with fiber orientation strength. The fiber orientation angle is an angle formed by the fiber direction with respect to the paper making direction of the paper machine. Using this calibration sample with a known fiber orientation angle, the fiber orientation angle of the calibration sample is measured by the fiber orientation measuring device to be calibrated, and this measurement data is compared with the calibration sample data. Thus, the measurement data of the fiber orientation measuring device is to be calibrated.

  Further, the calibration sample of the fiber orientation measuring device according to the invention of claim 4 is a calibration sample, wherein the calibration sample has a value indicating the fiber orientation inherent in the calibration sample, as measured by an arbitrary fiber orientation measuring device. It is characterized by that.

  When the fiber orientation of the calibration sample is measured one by one as described above, the measurement work is complicated and requires a lot of labor.

  On the other hand, for example, with respect to the fiber orientation measuring device for measuring the fiber orientation of each of the front and back sides of the paper, if both can be calibrated with respect to the same reference value, the measurement data of the fiber orientation measuring device for measuring each of the front and back sides Are related by this reference value. For this reason, the fiber orientation angle and the fiber orientation strength of the calibration sample are measured by an arbitrary fiber orientation measuring device, the measurement data is regarded as the inherent fiber orientation angle and the fiber orientation strength of the calibration sample, and this fiber orientation. When calibrated to sex, fiber orientation measuring devices that measure each of the front and back sides of the paper can be calibrated to an equal reference, and the data measured at each is associated.

  Further, the calibration sample of the fiber orientation measuring apparatus according to the invention of claim 5 is characterized in that the calibration sample is made of a material formed of fibers such as paper or nonwoven fabric.

  As a calibration sample, a material formed of an aggregate of fibers such as paper or nonwoven fabric is used. The fiber orientation angle and the fiber orientation strength of the material itself are measured to obtain the inherent fiber orientation of the calibration sample.

  The calibration sample of the fiber orientation measuring apparatus according to the invention of claim 6 is characterized in that the calibration sample is formed by artificially forming irregularities on the surface of a flat plate.

  When paper, nonwoven fabric, or the like is used for the calibration sample, there is a risk of shrinkage due to humidity, deterioration due to aging or usage, or damage. Therefore, a calibration sample is obtained by forming irregularities by using a flat plate to form scratches or grooves on the surface, or by attaching a thin linear body in parallel. By adjusting the number and direction of the uneven portions, the reflected light distribution can be made elliptical, and the ratio of the major axis to the minor axis can be set to an arbitrary value.

  As a material for the calibration sample, other than paper and non-woven fabric, for example, a metal plate such as aluminum or stainless steel, or a hard or soft flat plate such as a plastic plate or a film is used.

  According to the calibration sample of the fiber orientation measuring device according to the present invention, since the fiber orientation strength is known in advance, the calibration sample has the measurement data of the fiber orientation measuring device to be calibrated. Can be reliably calibrated against actual data. Therefore, even when the fiber orientation strength is measured using different fiber orientation measuring devices for the same measurement object such as the front and back of paper, the data measured by these different fiber orientation measuring devices can be related. Thus, it is possible to reliably grasp the fiber orientation with respect to the measurement object.

  Moreover, according to the calibration sample of the fiber orientation measuring apparatus according to the invention of claim 2, the fiber orientation strength of the calibration sample can be reliably measured, and can be functioned reliably as a calibration sample.

  Moreover, according to the calibration sample of the fiber orientation measuring device according to the invention of claim 3, it is possible to calibrate the measurement data on the fiber orientation angle acquired by the fiber orientation measuring device.

  Further, according to the calibration sample of the fiber orientation measuring device according to the invention of claim 4, data of the fiber orientation measuring device that measures the calibration sample without directly measuring the fiber orientation of the calibration sample. Can be related easily and reliably.

  Further, according to the calibration sample of the fiber orientation measuring apparatus according to the invention of claim 5, since the material formed by the fibers is used, the calibration sample reflecting the actual fiber orientation can be obtained.

  Moreover, according to the calibration sample of the fiber orientation measuring device according to the invention of claim 6, it is possible to provide a calibration sample that does not deteriorate or break due to secular change.

It is a figure which shows an example of the sample for a calibration to be used which concerns on the calibration method of the fiber orientation strength which concerns on this invention. Fig. 3 shows a calibration graph produced by a procedure for calibrating fiber orientation strength. It is a top view explaining the case where the fiber orientation angle about the paper manufactured by one method concerning this invention is calibrated, (a) is the case where the fiber orientation angle of the sample for calibration is made to correspond with the paper flow direction. Yes, (b) shows a state in which the calibration sample is rotated at an appropriate angle from the state of (a). Fig. 3 shows a calibration graph produced by a procedure for calibrating fiber orientation angles. It is a figure explaining the case where a fiber orientation angle is calibrated by the other method which concerns on this invention, The several sample for a calibration from which a fiber orientation angle differs is shown. It is a graph which shows the relationship between the quantity of the damage | wound formed in the surface of an aluminum plate, and reflected light intensity, when using an aluminum plate as a calibration sample which concerns on this invention. For the surface of the sample, the measured value of the fiber orientation angle is compared with the value measured by the fiber orientation measuring device, and the measured value is compared with the value before calibration and the value after calibration. About the back surface of a sample, the measured value of a fiber orientation angle is compared with the measured value by a fiber orientation measuring device, and the measured value is compared with the value before calibration and the value after calibration. For the surface of the sample, the measured value of the fiber orientation strength is compared with the value measured by the fiber orientation measuring device, and the measured value is compared with the value before calibration and the value after calibration. About the back surface of a sample, the measured value of a fiber orientation angle is compared with the measured value by a fiber orientation measuring device, and the measured value is compared with the value before calibration and the value after calibration. It is a figure explaining the principle which measures fiber orientation. It is a figure explaining the general | schematic structure of the fiber orientation measuring apparatus for measuring the fiber orientation of the paper manufactured with a paper machine on-line.

  Hereinafter, a sample for calibration of the fiber orientation measuring device according to the present invention will be described in detail.

  FIG. 1 shows a calibration sample 11 according to the present invention. The calibration sample 11 has a known fiber orientation strength. As schematically shown in FIG. 1, an ellipse approximating the reflected light distribution is shown. A plurality of calibration samples 11a to 11e having a known shape Ta to Te and having anisotropy are prepared. Note that the reflected light intensities of the calibration samples 11a to 11e are obtained as measured values obtained by measuring one by one, or by a so-called direct method, or any fiber orientation measurement as a reference. You may make it the value acquired by what is called the indirect method which selects an apparatus and measures with the said reference | standard fiber orientation measuring apparatus. In the case of the direct method, a great deal of time is required. For this reason, in this embodiment, the fiber orientation strength measured by the reference fiber orientation measuring apparatus is treated as an actual measurement value.

  As shown in FIG. 2, the relationship between the fiber orientation strength measured by the fiber orientation measuring device to be calibrated for these calibration samples 11a to 11e and the fiber orientation strength possessed by these calibration samples 11a to 11e is shown. , Plot and graph.

As shown in FIG. 2, an approximate straight line is obtained, and a slope value a and an intercept value b are obtained. The measured fiber orientation strength x and the correct fiber orientation strength y are obtained from the values of the slope a and the intercept b.
y = ax + b (1)
It will be represented by
That is, the fiber orientation strength (angle) of the fiber orientation measuring device may be calibrated based on the formula (1).

  FIG. 1 shows five calibration samples 11a to 11e. However, when actually measuring, as shown in FIG. 2, the larger the number of calibration samples 11 is, the more the equation (1) is expressed. Highly accurate values can be obtained for the inclination a and the intercept b that are satisfied, and the fiber orientation strength can be acquired with higher accuracy.

  The fiber orientation strength calibrated by the above-described method is plotted on the actual measurement value (●) and the measurement value (◯) before calibration shown in FIG. 9 and FIG. Shown together. As shown in FIG. 9 and FIG. 10, the calibrated value approximates the actual measurement value, and the value obtained by this calibration can be used as the fiber orientation strength of the measurement object.

  FIG. 3 is a diagram for explaining a fiber orientation angle calibration sample 10. The calibration sample 10 has a known fiber orientation angle in advance, and the fiber orientation angle of the calibration sample 10 is a fiber to be calibrated. Measure with an orientation measuring device. As shown in FIG. 3B, at the time of this measurement, the calibration sample 10 is rotated at an arbitrary angle, and the fiber orientation angle is measured for each rotation angle. The irradiation position of the paper fiber orientation measuring apparatus on the paper machine is appropriately shifted in the paper flow direction so that the detection light irradiated on the front and back of the paper P does not interfere.

  From the relationship between the fiber orientation angle of the calibration sample 10 acquired by the fiber orientation measurement device and the rotation angle of the calibration sample 10, the fiber orientation angle of the fiber orientation measurement device is calibrated.

The calibration is performed by creating a calibration curve as shown in FIG. That is, a plot is made on a graph with the rotation angle of the calibration sample 10 as the vertical axis and the fiber orientation angle measured by the fiber orientation measuring device at the rotation angle as the horizontal axis. An approximate straight line that continues this plot is obtained, and its slope c and intercept d are obtained. The measured fiber orientation angle p and the correct fiber orientation angle q are obtained from the inclination c and the intercept d.
q = cx + d (2)
It will be represented by
That is, the fiber orientation angle of the fiber orientation measuring device may be calibrated based on the formula (2).

  FIG. 5 shows a calibration sample 12 according to another embodiment, in which a plurality of calibration samples 12a to 12e having known fiber orientation angles and different fiber orientation angles are used. For each of the calibration samples 12a to 12e, the fiber orientation angle is measured by a fiber orientation measuring device, the calibration curve shown in FIG. 4 is created, and the fiber orientation angle q is obtained from the equation (2). These calibration samples 12a to 12e can also be used as the calibration samples 12a to 12e for fiber orientation strength in FIG.

  The fiber orientation angle calibrated by the above-described method is plotted on the actual measurement value (●) and the measurement value (▲) before calibration shown in FIGS. 7 and 8, and the value after calibration is plotted with ▼. Shown together. As shown in FIGS. 7 and 8, the calibrated value approximates the actual measurement value, and the value obtained by this calibration can be used as the fiber orientation angle of the measurement object.

  The fiber orientation angles of these calibration samples 10 and 12 may be measured by a so-called direct method or by an indirect method measured by a fiber orientation measuring device as an arbitrary reference. I do not care.

  As the calibration samples 10, 11, and 12, a material formed of an aggregate of fibers such as paper and nonwoven fabric can be used. Or what formed the unevenness | corrugation on the surface of a flat plate with the damage | wound, a groove | channel, etc. can be used as a sample for calibration.

  FIG. 6 shows a value obtained by scratching the surface of an aluminum plate by sanding a paper file in one direction and measuring the reflected light intensity according to the number of times of sanding. The horizontal axis represents the reflected light intensity. That is, as the number of times of file application increases, the reflected light intensity also increases. For this reason, it is possible to arbitrarily adjust the intensity of the reflected light by forming irregularities on the surface of the flat plate with scratches, grooves, etc., and to adjust the reflected light distribution arbitrarily by adjusting the direction of the irregularities. Can be adjusted. For this reason, for example, using a cutting plotter or a lathe, the number of scratches can be changed for each angle, and calibration samples with different elliptical reflection light distributions can be created. Moreover, unlike paper and non-woven fabrics, it can be a calibration sample that hardly breaks and does not deteriorate strongly over time.

  According to the calibration sample of the fiber orientation measuring device according to the present invention, the fiber orientation angle and the fiber orientation strength of the calibration sample whose fiber orientation angle and fiber orientation strength are known are measured in advance. The fiber orientation angle and fiber orientation strength to be measured can be calibrated, and in particular, the uniformity of the measurement data of the fiber orientation measuring device that measures the fiber orientation angle and fiber orientation strength of the front and back of the paper on the paper machine. Therefore, it is possible to measure the exact fiber orientation angle etc. of the manufactured paper and to quickly reflect the result in the paper machine raw material supply conditions of the paper machine. Contribute.

S sample
P Paper 1 Emitting means 2 Receiving means
10 Standard sample
11a-11e standard sample
12a-12e standard sample

Claims (6)

A fiber orientation measuring device that calibrates the fiber orientation strength measured by the fiber orientation measuring device that calculates the fiber orientation by measuring the reflected light intensity by irradiating the surface of the measurement object with detection light and capturing the reflected light In the calibration sample of
The reflected light distribution has an anisotropy that can be approximated by an ellipse,
A calibration sample for a fiber orientation measuring apparatus, wherein a fiber orientation angle and fiber orientation strength exhibiting the anisotropy are known from the elliptical major axis direction and minor axis direction.   The calibration sample of the fiber orientation measuring device according to claim 1, wherein the ratio of the major axis to the minor axis is 1.03 or more. A fiber orientation measuring device that calibrates the fiber orientation angle measured by a fiber orientation measuring device that irradiates the surface of the measurement object with detection light and captures the reflected light to measure the reflected light intensity to obtain the fiber orientation. In the calibration sample of
A calibration sample for a fiber orientation measuring apparatus, characterized in that the fiber orientation angle is known.   4. The calibration sample according to claim 1, wherein the data measured by an arbitrary fiber orientation measuring device is a value indicating the fiber orientation inherent in the calibration sample. 5. Sample for calibration of the fiber orientation measuring apparatus.   The calibration sample for a fiber orientation measuring device according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the calibration sample is made of a material formed of fibers, such as paper or nonwoven fabric.   44. The calibration sample for a fiber orientation measuring device according to any one of claims 1 to 43, wherein the calibration sample is formed by artificially forming irregularities on a surface of a flat plate.

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