JP2010236990A - Analysis device - Google Patents

Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide an analysis device usable in common as a sensor for controlling centrifugal separation and agitation. <P>SOLUTION: The analysis device includes: a first driving means (71) for driving a turntable (101) for holding a device for analysis, and using at least two or more magnetic sensors (13, 15) for detecting a rotating field; a second driving means (72) for vibrating reciprocally the turntable in the engaged state with the turntable; a vibration detection unit (100) for operating a frequency from an output signal from the magnetic sensors (13, 15); and an engagement detection means (91) for detecting an engagement state between the turntable (101) and the second driving means. Operation of the vibration detection unit (100) is controlled based on output from the engagement detection means (91). <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2011,JPO&INPIT

Description

  The present invention relates to an analyzer having both a centrifugal separation function and a vibration stirring function.

  In order to analyze the components contained in the sample liquid such as blood and urine, operations such as mixing with a reagent and centrifugation are performed in the process. Such an operation is generally performed using a stirrer or a centrifuge, but in an analysis through a plurality of processes, it is inefficient if each of these operations is performed by individual devices. For this reason, an apparatus for performing centrifugation and stirring with one apparatus is proposed in Patent Document 1 and the like.

In the case of this Patent Document 1, a turntable that includes a first motor for performing centrifugation and a second motor for performing stirring, and is mounted in a state where a sample is injected into a cell or the like. Is rotated by the first motor, the agitation is rotated in a state where the second motor is connected to the turntable, and the turntable is swung by rotating the eccentric cam at the tip of the second motor. Is going on. The operation switching between the centrifugal separation and the stirring is performed by an electromagnetic plunger.
Japanese Patent No. 2866404

  In this conventional configuration, centrifugation and stirring are performed by separate motors. However, in order to perform each operation with high accuracy, it is necessary to control the rotation of each motor to be constant, and a new sensor for detecting the vibration frequency is required due to the addition of the stirring function. Has a problem of increasing the complexity of control.

  The present invention solves the above-described conventional problems, and an object of the present invention is to provide an analyzer that can also serve as a sensor for controlling centrifugation and stirring.

  The analyzer according to claim 1 of the present invention uses a turntable that holds an analysis device into which a sample solution has been injected, and rotationally drives the turntable and uses at least two magnetic sensors for detecting a rotating magnetic field. A first driving means; a second driving means that engages with the turntable to reciprocately vibrate the turntable; and an engagement that detects the engagement state between the turntable and the second driving means. After the engagement detection means detects that the engagement between the detection means, the turntable and the second drive means is in the engaged state, the output signal of the magnetic sensor has the largest amplitude. And a vibration detector that calculates the frequency from the selected output signal while selecting the output signal and holding the selected state until one operation of vibration agitation ends.

The analyzer according to claim 2 of the present invention is characterized in that, in claim 1, the rotary motor of the first drive means is a three-phase brushless motor.
According to a third aspect of the present invention, there is provided the analyzer according to the first aspect, wherein the vibration detecting unit extracts two output signals from the output signals of the magnetic sensor and removes a DC signal, and the filter. A first comparison unit that compares the amplitudes of the output signals and determines the magnitude of the output signal and holds the determination result; and the amplitude of the output signal of the filter based on the determination result held by the first comparison unit A multiplexer that selects a large signal, a second comparison unit that digitally converts an output signal selected by the multiplexer, and a microcomputer that calculates a frequency from the output signal of the second comparison unit. And

  According to a fourth aspect of the present invention, there is provided the analyzer according to the third aspect, wherein the first comparison section detects a peak value of an output signal from the first magnetic sensor, and a second peak hold circuit. A second peak hold circuit for detecting a peak value of an output signal from the magnetic sensor, and a comparator circuit having a hysteresis characteristic for determining the larger one of the outputs of the first and second peak hold circuits. It is characterized by.

  According to a fifth aspect of the present invention, there is provided the analyzer according to the third aspect, wherein the first comparison unit detects a peak value of an output signal from the first magnetic sensor; A second peak hold circuit that detects a peak value of an output signal from the magnetic sensor, a comparator circuit that does not have a hysteresis characteristic that determines the larger output of the first and second peak hold circuits, and the comparator Latch means for holding the output of the circuit until one operation of vibration agitation is completed, and the multiplexer is switched based on the output of the latch means.

  The analyzer according to claim 6 of the present invention is the analyzer according to claim 1, wherein the vibration detecting unit removes a direct current signal from output signals of two or more magnetic sensors, and an output signal of the filter. A multiplexer that selects one from the above, an analog-to-digital converter that digitally converts the output signal of the multiplexer, and a microcomputer that calculates the frequency from the output signal of the analog-to-digital converter To do.

  According to a seventh aspect of the present invention, in the analysis device according to the third or sixth aspect, the filter includes a capacitor in series with the output signal of the magnetic sensor and a resistor in parallel with the output signal. It is a filter.

  The analyzer according to claim 8 of the present invention is the analyzer according to claim 1, wherein the engagement detection means detects that the second drive means has moved to the engagement complete state engaged with the turntable. It is characterized by being a switch attached to.

  The analyzer according to claim 9 of the present invention is the analyzer according to claim 1, wherein the engagement detecting means is engaged with the turntable based on the back electromotive force of the first drive means. It is configured to detect that it has moved to the engaged completion state.

  According to a tenth aspect of the present invention, there is provided a turntable for holding an analysis device into which a sample liquid has been injected, and the turntable is driven to rotate and at least two or more magnetic sensors are used for detecting a rotating magnetic field. The first driving means, the second driving means engaged with the turntable to reciprocately vibrate the turntable, and the second driving means are started to engage with the turntable. An engagement detecting means for detecting that the elapsed time from a predetermined time has been reached and determining that the engagement is in an engagement complete state; and determining that the engagement detection means is in an engagement complete state From the output signal of the magnetic sensor, the vibration detection is performed by calculating the frequency from the selected output signal while selecting the output signal having the largest amplitude and holding the selected state until one operation of vibration stirring is completed. Characterized in that a part.

  According to this configuration, the vibration frequency during the stirring operation can be calculated from the detection output of the magnetic sensor used in the rotation drive motor for the centrifugal separation, and the sensor for controlling the stirring is separated from the centrifugal separator. Therefore, it is not necessary to provide it separately from the rotational drive motor. Furthermore, an engagement detection means is provided, and the operation is started after detecting that the turntable and the second drive means are in the engaged state, or to engage the second drive means with the turntable. After detecting that the elapsed time has reached the specified time, select the output signal with the largest amplitude from the output signal of the magnetic sensor, and select it while holding the selected state until one vibration agitation operation ends Since the vibration frequency is calculated from the output signal thus generated, the vibration frequency of the turntable can be stably calculated during the period from the start of stirring to the end of stirring.

Hereinafter, based on each comparative example shown in FIGS. 1-25, embodiment of this invention is described based on FIGS. 26-35.
First, the case where the engagement detection means is not provided will be described in (Comparative Example 1) to (Comparative Example 3), and the case where the engagement detection means is provided next (Embodiment 1) to (Embodiment 1). As 3), it will be described that the engagement detecting means is effective.

(Comparative Example 1)
1 and 2 show an analyzer incorporated in a blood analyzer. FIG. 3 is a perspective view showing a state in which the door 103 of the blood analyzer is opened, and FIG. 4 shows a state in which the analysis device 1 is set on the turntable 101.

  The analysis device 1 is provided with a flow path for injecting a sample solution such as blood or urine, and performing centrifugation and stirring. A groove 102 is formed on the upper surface of the turntable 101, and is formed on the rotation support portion 115 and the protective cap 2 formed on the cover substrate 4 of the analysis device 1 when the analysis device 1 is set on the turntable 101. The rotated support portion 116 is engaged with and accommodates the groove 102.

  When the analysis device 1 is set on the turntable 101 and the door 103 of the analyzer is closed before the turntable 101 is rotated, the set analysis device 1 is moved to the movable piece 104 provided on the door 103 side. As a result, the position on the rotation axis of the turntable 101 is pressed against the turntable 101 by the biasing force of the spring 105, and the analysis device 1 is integrated with the turntable 101 rotated by the rotation driving means 106. Rotate. Reference numeral 107 denotes an axial center of the turntable 101 during rotation.

  As shown in FIGS. 1 and 2, the rotation driving means 106 includes a first driving means 71 that rotates the turntable 101 around the rotation center 107, and a vertical contact with the rotation center 107 in contact with the turntable 101. The second drive means 72 that reciprocally vibrates in the tangential direction of the turntable 101 with the vibration center R2 intersecting the axis as the axis is in contact with the turntable 101 and the second drive means 72 only when stirring, It is comprised with the 3rd drive means 73 to be avoided. The third driving means 73 is constituted by a power source such as a DC motor or an electromagnetic plunger. The contact between the turntable 101 and the second driving means 72 transmits a vibration efficiently. For this reason, a material having a high friction coefficient is used for the contact surface between the second driving means 72 and the turntable 101, or a gear structure is used. It is preferable to have a configuration in which they are engaged with each other.

  FIGS. 5 to 8 show specific examples in which the contact surfaces of the second driving means 72 and the turntable 101 are geared so as to mesh with each other, and the third driving means 73 is constituted by a DC motor. Yes.

The first driving means 71 for giving the rotational motion to the set analysis device 1 includes an outer rotor type brushless motor 71a and the turn on which the analysis device 1 is set by being attached to the output shaft of the brushless motor 71a. And a table 101.
A first gear portion 74 is formed on the outer peripheral portion of the turntable 101.

  In addition to the first driving means 71, the rotation driving means 106 performs a reciprocating motion of the turntable 101 at a predetermined stop position to the left and right with a predetermined amplitude range and period around the rotation axis 107. A second driving means 72 that selectively engages the first driving means 71 and reciprocates the analyzing device 1, and a position where the first driving means 71 and the second driving means 72 are engaged (FIG. 5). (B)) is provided with a third drive means 73 for relative movement to a position (FIG. 5 (a)) that is not engaged.

The second driving means 72 and the third driving means 73 are configured as shown in FIGS.
A second motor 72a, a third motor 73a, and the like are attached to the chassis 75 to which the brushless motor 71a is attached. A support shaft 78 is attached to a support table 77 slidably attached to the chassis 75 in the direction of arrow 76 (see FIGS. 5A and 6).

  A lever 79 is pivotally supported on the support shaft 78. A second gear portion 80 that can mesh with the first gear portion 74 of the turntable 101 is formed at one end of the lever 79 on the turntable 101 side. A recess 81 is formed at the other end of the lever 79. An eccentric cam 83 attached to the output shaft 82 of the second motor 72a is engaged with the recess 81. FIG. 8 is a plan view showing the lever 79 removed from the support shaft 78.

With this configuration, when the second motor 72a is energized, the lever 79 swings between the solid line position and the virtual line position via the eccentric cam 83.
The lever 79 is configured to be biased by a helical spring (not shown) so that the backlash of the lever 79 during the swinging is reduced.

  The third driving means 73 includes the third motor 73a attached to the chassis 75, the worm 85 attached to the output shaft 84 of the third motor 73a, and the worm 85 attached to the chassis 75 so as to be rotatable. And a rack 87 that is formed on the support table 77 and meshes with the worm wheel 86. A tension coil spring 88 is interposed between the support table 77 and the chassis 75 so that backlash between the worm wheel 86 and the rack 87 is reduced.

  With this configuration, the third motor 73a is energized until the detection switch 91 detects the support table 77 as shown in FIG. 5B, and the worm wheel 86 is moved in the direction of arrow 89 (see FIG. 5A). , The support table 77 in which the rack 87 meshes with the worm wheel 86 slides so as to approach the turntable 101, and as shown in FIG. 80 engages with the first gear portion 74 of the turntable 101, and when the second motor 72a is maintained in the energized state in this state, the turntable 101 is driven to swing by the lever 79 in the tangential direction of the turntable 101. Therefore, by increasing the rotation speed of the second motor 72a, it is sufficient to stir a small amount of fluid in the analytical device 1 even in a short time. The speed can be obtained by a short time.

  In FIG. 4, reference numeral 112 denotes a laser light source for irradiating the measuring unit of the analyzing device 1 with a specific wavelength light, and 113 denotes a photodetector that detects the amount of transmitted light that has passed through the analyzing device 1.

  9 shows a brushless motor 71a, a four-pole magnet rotor 6, a U-phase drive coil 7, a V-phase drive coil 8, a W-phase drive coil 9, a U-phase drive coil 10, a V-phase drive coil 11, and a W-phase drive coil 12. The magnet rotor 6 has two pairs of N-pole and S-pole magnets. The drive coils 7, 8, 9 and 10, 11, 12 are Y-connected, and are wound around the six salient pole portions of the stator, respectively. The six salient pole portions are arranged at intervals of 60 °.

  Further, the switching timing of the excitation current of the three-phase drive coil is performed based on the detection of the three Hall elements 13, 14, 15 as magnetic sensors. The three Hall elements 13, 14, and 15 are arranged at positions shifted from the three-phase drive coils U, V, and W by 30 °, respectively. Then, the polarity of magnet magnetization (N pole or S pole) of the opposing magnet rotor 6 is detected, and an electromotive force of a level corresponding to the detected polarity is generated.

  FIG. 10 is an angle characteristic diagram of voltages output from the Hall elements 13, 14, and 15 of the four-pole magnet type three-phase brushless motor. The horizontal axis indicates the rotation angle when the angle of the magnet rotor is 0 °, and the vertical axis indicates the output voltage of the Hall element. The voltage output from the Hall elements 13, 14 and 15 is output to the + side when the N pole approaches, with Vref as the reference voltage, and is output to the − side when the S pole approaches. Since the NS poles of the magnet rotor 6 are arranged every 90 °, the Hall element voltage is a sine wave with a cycle of 180 °, and the Hall elements 13, 14, and 15 are out of phase by 60 ° in mechanical angle.

  Every 30 °, the output voltage of any one of the Hall elements 13, 14, and 15 is inverted with reference to Vref. Therefore, a comparator circuit converts the output voltage to a digital signal having the + side as a high level and the − side as a low level. By doing so, it is possible to specify the rotation position every 30 ° from the output pattern of the Hall elements 13, 14, and 15. The output patterns of the Hall elements 13, 14, and 15 are used as the excitation current switching timing of the three-phase drive coil.

  FIG. 11 is a diagram showing the relationship between the six polarity patterns of the three-phase drive coil of the four-pole magnet type three-phase brushless motor and the position of the magnet rotor. The state of (i) is defined as an angle of 0 °, and the state of the magnet rotor 6 every 30 ° is shown by (i) → (ii) → (iii) → (iv) → (v) → (vi) This corresponds to the rotation angle in FIG. Among the Y-connected three-phase drive coils U-phase, V-phase, and W-phase, in (i), the excitation current flows from the V-phase to the U-phase by setting the V-phase to + potential and the U-phase to -potential. The N pole appears in the V phase and the S pole appears in the U phase. For this reason, an attractive force and a repulsive force are generated in the magnet rotor 6, and the magnet rotor 6 rotates right by 30 °. When rotated by 30 °, the state (ii) is obtained, and the polarity of the Hall element 15 is reversed. At this time, by setting the W phase to a positive potential and the U phase to a negative potential, an N pole appears in the W phase and an S pole appears in the U phase, and the magnet rotor 6 further rotates clockwise by 30 °. Thereafter, the magnet rotor 6 rotates by changing the coil to be excited in the order of (iii) → (iv) → (v) → (vi).

FIG. 12 shows the energization state of the Hall elements 13, 14, and 15 and the U-phase, V-phase, and W-phase drive coils.
FIG. 13 shows the vibration detection unit 100 of the analyzer.

  In this analyzer, the frequency of stirring is detected based on the output signal of the Hall element. That is, even if the three-phase drive coil of the brushless motor 71a is not excited, when vibration is transmitted to the turntable 101 by the second drive means 72, the brushless motor 71a is also vibrated together, and the three Hall elements 13, 14 and 15 also exhibit voltage fluctuation due to vibration. This fluctuation is detected and the frequency is specified.

FIG. 13 is an example in which the output voltages of the Hall elements 13 and 15 are extracted from the three Hall elements, and the output voltage of the Hall element 14 may be extracted.
The detection output of the Hall element 13 is connected to the non-inverting input (+) of the comparator 20 through a filter 16 that removes a DC signal from the output signal of the Hall element 13 and a peak hold circuit 18. The detection output of the Hall element 15 is connected to the inverting input (−) of the comparator 20 through a filter 17 that removes a DC signal from the output signal of the Hall element 15 and a peak hold circuit 19.

  The filters 16 and 17 remove the DC signal from the input signal, extract the frequency component (AC signal) of the frequency, and output it. More specifically, it comprises a high-pass filter composed of a capacitor in series with the output signals of the Hall elements 13 and 15 and a resistor in parallel with the output signal.

  The peak hold circuits 18 and 19 are circuits that hold and output the peak value of the input voltage. More specifically, the circuit operates only when a voltage larger than the voltage input at the previous time is input, and holds the current input voltage for a certain time.

  The comparator circuit 20 compares the output signals of the peak hold circuits 18 and 19, and if the output signal of the peak hold circuit 18 is larger than the output signal of the peak hold circuit 19, the output signal of the peak hold circuit 18 is peak. If it is smaller than the output signal of the hold circuit 19, a low level control signal 20a is output. That is, the peak hold circuits 18 and 19 and the comparator circuit 20 constitute a first comparison unit 110 that compares the amplitudes of the output signals of the filters 16 and 17 to determine the magnitude.

  The outputs of the filters 16 and 17 are the analog multiplexer 21 whose output state is switched according to the control signal 20a of the output of the comparator circuit 20, and the comparator circuit 23 as a second comparison unit via the AC amplifier circuit 22. Connected to the non-inverting input (+). A threshold voltage V24 is applied from the voltage source 24 to the inverting input (−) of the comparator circuit 23.

  The analog multiplexer 21 selects and outputs the larger vibration amplitude based on the control signal 20a from the output signals of the two Hall elements 13 and 15 AC-coupled by the filters 16 and 17. The output signal of the analog multiplexer 21 is amplified to an amplitude that can be binarized by the AC amplifier circuit 22 and digitally converted by the comparator circuit 23 with the threshold voltage V24.

  If the reference voltage after removal of the DC signal in the filters 16 and 17 is Vref, the AC signal is output with Vref as the center of amplitude. Therefore, if the threshold voltage V24 is the same voltage as Vref, digital conversion is performed at the center of amplitude. it can.

  The output of the comparator circuit 23 is input to the microcomputer 25, and the microcomputer 25 calculates the frequency of the turntable 101 by measuring the pulse period.

The vibration detection unit 100 will be described in more detail with reference to FIGS.
FIG. 14 shows the time change of the output voltage of the Hall element coupled by alternating current when a four-pole magnet type three-phase brushless motor is vibrated in the range of the angle α as the first driving means 71. FIG. 15 shows the time change of the peak hold voltage at that time.

Here, the description starts assuming that the input / output characteristics of the comparator 20 have no hysteresis.
When reciprocating vibration is performed at a frequency of 20 Hz in the range of the angle α, that is, from 210 ° to 240 ° in mechanical angle, the fluctuation due to vibration is shown in FIG. At this angle, the signal from the Hall element 15 has a frequency of 20 Hz, and an accurate frequency can be obtained. However, since the signal from the Hall element 13 vibrates in the vicinity of the peak of the sine wave, the vibration amplitude decreases and vibration occurs. The number is doubled and an accurate frequency cannot be obtained.

  At this time, the peak hold voltage of the Hall element 13 is larger than that of the Hall element 15 as shown in FIG. 15. Therefore, the analog multiplexer 21 can select the output of the Hall element 15 having a large vibration amplitude. The exact signal based can be retrieved.

  FIG. 16 shows the time change of the output voltage of the Hall element coupled by alternating current when a 4-pole magnet type three-phase brushless motor is vibrated in the range of the angle β as the first driving means 71. FIG. 17 shows the time change of the peak hold voltage at that time.

  In this case, the situation is opposite to that in FIGS. 14 and 15, and when the vibration is made in the range of the angle β, an accurate frequency is obtained from the Hall element 13, but the frequency is obtained from the Hall element 15. It will double. However, by comparing the peak hold voltages, the signal from the Hall element 15 can be selected, and in this case as well, an accurate signal based on the frequency can be extracted.

  Thus, using a Hall element type brushless motor as the first driving means 71, the two Hall element signals 13, 15 are extracted from the plurality of Hall elements 13, 14, 15, and the vibration amplitudes are compared. By adopting a configuration in which the larger one is taken out, it is possible to use both the centrifugal separation of the centrifugal separator and the sensor for controlling the stirring, and the sensor for controlling the stirring is separated from the first driving means 71. There is no need to provide it.

  In the above description, the turntable 101 is reciprocally oscillated from a mechanical angle of 210 ° to 240 °, and the turntable 101 is reciprocally oscillated from a mechanical angle of 240 ° to 270 °. As can be seen from FIG. 10, the output signal of the Hall element 13 and the output signal of the Hall element 15 have points P1, P2, P3, and P4 where the output signals intersect with each other. Therefore, when the turntable 101 is reciprocally oscillated from 0 ° to 30 ° in mechanical angle, when the turntable 101 is reciprocally oscillated from 90 ° to 120 ° in mechanical angle, the turntable 101 is from 180 ° in mechanical angle. In the case of reciprocating vibration up to 210 °, if the turntable 101 is reciprocated in a mechanical angle of 270 ° to 300 °, the operation becomes unstable and an accurate frequency cannot be calculated.

Therefore, as the comparator 20 in FIG. 13, a comparator having hysteresis in input / output characteristics is used.
FIG. 18 is a characteristic diagram showing output voltages of the hall elements 13 and 15 that are AC-coupled when the turntable 101 is reciprocally oscillated with any of the angles P1 to P4 shown in FIG. 10 as the vibration center. FIG. 19 is a characteristic diagram showing the peak hold voltage.

As shown in FIG. 18, when the vibration is centered on P1 to P4 shown in FIG. 10, the output signals of the Hall element 13 and the Hall element 15 are in opposite phases, and the vibration amplitudes are at the same level.
As shown in FIG. 19, the peak hold voltage of the Hall element 13 is large immediately after the start of vibration, but the peak hold voltage of the Hall element 15 increases as time elapses. Eventually, the peak hold voltages of the Hall element 13 and the Hall element 15 are held at the same level.

  FIG. 20 is an input / output characteristic diagram of the comparator circuit 20. The horizontal axis indicates a value obtained by subtracting the output of the peak hold 15 from the output of the peak hold circuit 18, and the vertical axis indicates an output signal.

  As shown in FIG. 19, when the peak hold voltage is at the same level, the input signal of the comparator circuit 20 becomes 0, and the output signal causes chattering. Since the output signals of the Hall element 13 and the Hall element 15 are in opposite phases, the phase is inverted when the selection signal of the analog multiplexer 21 is switched due to the chattering phenomenon, so that the frequency is erroneously detected.

  This problem of erroneous detection can be solved by providing the comparator circuit 20 with hysteresis characteristics. FIG. 21 is an input / output characteristic diagram when the comparator circuit 20 has hysteresis characteristics. The horizontal axis indicates an input signal obtained by subtracting the peak hold circuit 19 from the peak hold circuit 18, and the vertical axis indicates an output signal.

  As can be seen by comparing FIG. 20 and FIG. 21, when the comparator circuit 20 does not have a hysteresis characteristic, the high level and the low level are switched using the “0” level as a threshold as shown in FIG. When the comparator circuit 20 is provided with a first threshold value Th1 at which the output signal becomes high and a second threshold value Th2 at which the output signal becomes low, and has hysteresis characteristics, it is shown in FIG. Thus, a dead zone (Th1-Th2) in which the output does not change even when the input signal changes is formed, and when the output is fixed to one of the high level and the low level, it is difficult to reverse.

  Specifically, in FIG. 19, immediately after the start of vibration, the peak hold voltage of the Hall element 13 is higher than that of the Hall element 15, the input of the comparator circuit 20 becomes equal to or higher than the first threshold value Th1, and the input of the comparator circuit 20 is high. Fixed to level. After that, since the peak hold voltage of the Hall element 13 and the Hall element 15 becomes the same level, the input of the comparator circuit 20 becomes “0”. However, since the input of the comparator circuit 20 does not fall below the second threshold value Th2, There is no switching to.

  Therefore, the selection of the analog multiplexer 21 by the control signal 20a of the comparator circuit 20 is held in one of the Hall element 13 and the Hall element 15, so that the comparator circuit 20 is not switched during vibration, and the frequency can be accurately detected. .

  Note that the dead zone (Th1-Th2) where the control signal 20a does not switch is determined by the noise amplitude of the output signals of the two peak hold circuits 18, 19. 22 is an enlarged view of the vertical axis (voltage range) of FIG. If the dead zone (Th1-Th2) is made smaller than the noise amplitude of the output signals 18a, 19a of the two peak hold circuits 18, 19, the comparator switches in response to the noise, so the dead zone (Th1-Th2) has at least the noise amplitude. It is desirable to provide a dead zone at least twice as large as

(Comparative Example 2)
FIG. 23 shows the vibration detection unit 100 of the analyzer of Comparative Example 2.
In FIG. 13 showing the first embodiment, it is possible to calculate the accurate frequency regardless of the position where the turntable 101 is reciprocally oscillated by providing the comparator circuit 20 with hysteresis characteristics. In the vibration detection unit 100, instead of providing the comparator circuit 20 with a hysteresis characteristic, a delay flip-flop 30 is provided as a latch unit. The rest is the same as in the first embodiment.

  The control signal 20 a is input to the input terminal D of the delay flip-flop 30, and the switching state of the analog multiplexer 21 is controlled by the signal of the output terminal Q of the delay flip-flop 30.

  The delay flip-flop 30 outputs the signal level of the input terminal D to the output terminal Q at the rising edge timing of the digital signal input from the microcomputer 25 to the clock terminal CLK. The output of the output terminal Q is held until the rising edge is input again to the clock terminal CLK.

  After the start of vibration, one pulse is transmitted from the microcomputer 25 to the clock terminal CLK of the delay flip-flop 30, and the control signal 20a at that time is kept input to the analog multiplexer 21. For this reason, even if the control signal 20a is switched, the selection state of the analog multiplexer 21 is not switched, and the same effect as the hysteresis characteristic can be obtained.

(Comparative Example 3)
24 and 25 show the vibration detection unit of the analyzer of Comparative Example 3. FIG.
In FIG. 13 showing the first embodiment, the frequency is calculated using the outputs of the two Hall elements 13 and 15 as input signals. In FIG. 24, the frequency is calculated using the outputs of the three Hall elements 13, 14, and 15 as input signals. Is different from the first embodiment. More specifically, a configuration in which a 3-to-1 analog multiplexer 27 is provided to extract the outputs of three Hall elements, and an analog / digital converter 28 is provided to perform signal processing by a peak detection circuit and a comparator in the microcomputer 25. The difference from Embodiment 1 is that it is replaced with numerical calculation.

  In FIG. 24, reference numeral 27 denotes a three-to-one analog multiplexer with three circuits a, b and c and one output, and the outputs of the hall elements 13, 14, and 15 are the filters 16, 26 and 17 at the input. Is entered through. The analog multiplexer 27 is controlled by a signal from the microcomputer 25. For example, when a 2-bit “00” signal is received from the microcomputer 25, “input a” is selected, “01” is received, “input b” is selected, and “10” is received. Selects “input c”. The output of the analog multiplexer 27 is converted into a multi-value digital signal by the analog / digital converter 28 and transferred to the microcomputer 25. The external memory 29 is composed of a volatile memory such as an SRAM or a nonvolatile memory such as an EEPROM, and communicates stored data with the microcomputer 25 in both directions.

FIG. 25 shows a process chart of the frequency detection of the microcomputer 25.
Here, the state in which the second driving means 72 is engaged with the turntable 101 is referred to as “set”, and the timing at which the second driving means 72 is set and vibration agitation is started is defined as “start”.

First, in step S11, the output of the analog multiplexer 27 is switched to the “input a” selection state.
In step S12, the output signal from the Hall element 13 is sampled from the output of the analog / digital converter 28 by a certain number.

In step S13, a peak value is detected from the output signal from the hall element 13 sampled in step S12.
In step S14, the peak value detected in step S13 is stored in the external memory 29.

  In step S15, the output of the analog multiplexer 27 is switched to the “input b” selection state. In steps S16 to S18, the output signal from the Hall element 14 is processed in the same manner as in steps S12 to S14.

  Subsequently, in step S19, the output of the analog multiplexer 27 is switched to the “input c” selection state. In step S20 to step S22, the output signal from the hall element 15 is processed in the same manner as in steps S12 to S14.

Thereafter, in step S23, the peak values of the Hall elements 13, 14, and 15 stored in the external memory 29 are read, and the magnitudes of the peak values are compared in step S24.
In step S25, based on the comparison result of the peak value in step 24, the switching state of the analog multiplexer 27 is fixed until one operation of vibration stirring is completed.

In the comparison result of the peak value in step 24, there are the following three patterns of case 1 to case 3,
Case 1: Hall element 13 = Hall element 14> Hall element 15
Case 2: Hall element 14 = Hall element 15> Hall element 13
Case 3: Hall element 15 = Hall element 13> Hall element 14
Specifically, in case 1, the switching state of the multiplexer 27 is fixed to the switching state in which the Hall element 13 is selected and output. In case 2, the switching state of the multiplexer 27 is fixed to the switching state in which the Hall element 14 is selected and output. In case 3, the switching state of the multiplexer 27 is fixed to the switching state in which the Hall element 15 is selected and output.

In step S26, the threshold value is read from the external memory 29.
In step S27, the output signal of the hall element is binarized with the threshold value read from the output of the analog multiplexer 27 in step S26.

In step S28, the frequency of the pulse is calculated by measuring the pulse period of the signal binarized in step S27.
As described above, in the third embodiment, the vibration amplitudes are compared from the three Hall elements, and the Hall element having the largest vibration amplitude is extracted, so that the two Hall elements are compared. Compared with this, the frequency detection accuracy is improved. Further, the configuration can be simplified by replacing the numerical calculation with the microcomputer 25.

  When the turntable 101 is vibrated again at the same mechanical angle, the switching state of the analog multiplexer 27 at step S25 at that time is stored, and the switching state of the analog multiplexer 27 is read out next time. By setting them to the same value, the frequency of the turntable 101 can be calculated simply by repeating the routine of steps S26 to S28.

(Embodiment 1)
FIG. 26 shows the vibration detection unit 100 of the analyzer according to the first embodiment of the present invention.
Compared to the vibration detection unit 100 of Comparative Example 1 shown in FIG. 13, a detection switch 91 and a switch circuit 800 are provided, and peak hold operations of the peak hold circuits 18 and 19 are controlled by an output signal of the switch circuit 800. Only the point is different.

Note that the detection switch 91 of Comparative Example 1 shown in FIGS. 5A and 5B detects the support table 77, but is changed so that the position of the support table 77 can be detected more accurately.
By energizing the first drive means 73 and operating the second drive means 72 so that the second gear section 80 meshes with the first gear section 74 of the turntable 101, the turntable 101 is moved. When swinging the analytical device 1 by swinging, it is preferable that the second gear portion 80 immediately meshes with the first gear portion 74 of the turntable 101 as shown in FIG. Actually, as shown in FIG. 27A, the peak portion of the second gear portion 80 contacts the peak portion of the first gear portion 74, and then the peak of the second gear portion 80. There is a case where the portion shifts to the state of FIG. 27 (b) where the portion meshes with the valley portion of the first gear portion 74.

  Although the detection switch 91 of Comparative Example 1 could not distinguish the support table 77 from the position of FIG. 27 (a) and the position of FIG. 27 (b), in each embodiment of the present invention, as the detection switch 91, The support table 77 can be used to distinguish between the position shown in FIG. 27A and the position shown in FIG. 27B. The detection switch 91 is not limited to a mechanical switch, and is preferably realized by a photo switch.

As described above, when the state shown in FIG. 27A is shifted to the state shown in FIG. 27B, the configuration of Comparative Example 1 cannot accurately calculate the frequency.
Specifically, in each comparative example, the case where the center angle of vibration is not shifted at all times has been described. However, in the example that vibrates at an angle α in FIG. 10, the vibration reciprocates from 210 ° to 240 °. ing. However, as shown in FIG. 5B, the center angle of the vibration may be shifted in the process in which the first gear portion 74 and the second gear 80 are engaged.

  As in the case of FIG. 27 (b), the first gear portion 74 and the second gear 80 are meshed with each other as long as the mountain portion and the valley portion or the valley portion and the mountain portion are in a relationship. As in the case of a), when the peak part and the peak part collide, they cannot mesh. In such a case, even if the peak part collides with the turn table 101 by causing the second drive means 72 to swing the second gear 80, the peak part and the peak part collide with each other. It can mesh mountain and valley. However, at this time, the first gear portion 74 is slightly rotated to the left or right, and the center angle of vibration is shifted.

  A quadrupole magnet type three-phase brushless motor is vibrated in the range of the angle α as the first driving means 71, but FIG. 28 is AC-coupled when the center angle of the vibration is shifted to the range of the angle β. The time change of the output voltage of the Hall element is shown.

  According to FIG. 28, the output voltage of the Hall element 15 is large before the time 50 msec, but the output voltage of the Hall element 13 is increased due to the deviation of the center angle of the vibration after the time 50 msec. For this reason, if the peak hold circuit 19 operates before the time 50 msec, the peak value of the output voltage of the Hall element 15 is held, and the state is held after the time 50 msec. For this reason, the selection of the Hall element is wrong in each of the comparative examples. FIG. 29 shows the time change of the peak hold voltage at that time.

  The peak hold circuits 18 and 19 in FIG. 26 are the same as those shown in FIG. 13 of Comparative Example 1, and are circuits that hold and output the peak value of the input voltage. More specifically, the circuit operates only when a voltage larger than the voltage input at the previous time is input, and holds the current input voltage for a certain time. In the first embodiment, the hold operation of the peak hold circuits 18 and 19 is controlled by the switch circuit 800.

  When the detection switch 91 detects that the second gear portion 80 of the lever 79 is engaged with the first gear portion 74 of the turntable 101 as shown in FIG. 5B, the switch circuit 800 generates a control signal 800a. The peak hold circuits 18 and 19 operate so as to hold the input voltage. That is, the peak hold circuits 18 and 19 do not hold the input voltage in the state of FIG. Others are the same as Comparative Example 1.

  Therefore, the peak hold circuits 18 and 19 in FIG. 26 are switched by the switch circuit 800, and the detection switch 91 is in the second gear portion 80 of the lever 79 as shown in FIG. When it is detected that it is engaged with 74, hold is executed.

FIG. 30 shows the time change of the peak hold voltage in the case of the configuration shown in FIG.
FIG. 30 shows an example in which the detection switch 91 detects the engagement of the second gear portion 80 and the first gear portion 74 at a time of 50 msec. , 19 operate, the Hall element having a large output voltage can be accurately selected even when the center angle of the vibration is shifted at the start of the swinging operation, and the frequency can be accurately calculated.

  Although the above description of the first embodiment has been applied to the first comparative example, even if the first embodiment is applied to the second comparative example as shown in FIG. Even if the center angle is shifted, a Hall element having a large output voltage can be accurately selected, and the frequency can be accurately calculated.

(Embodiment 2)
32 and 33 show the second embodiment.
In the first embodiment, the detection switch 91 as the engagement detection means is detected and the operation of the peak hold circuits 18 and 19 is started. However, the time during which the second gear portion 80 and the first gear portion 74 are engaged with each other. Can be realized by the configuration shown in FIG.

  The time Δt from when the second driving means 72 starts operating so that the first gear portion 74 and the second gear portion 80 of the turntable 101 engage with each other until the engagement is completed. If it is clear, the engagement detection means presets the time Δt as a specified time, detects that the elapsed time from the start of the operation has reached the specified time, and detects the engagement. When the microcomputer 25 determines that the engagement is complete, the peak hold circuits 18 and 19 thereafter start holding via the switch circuit 800.

FIG. 32 is configured such that the detection switch 91 in FIG. 26 is removed and the switch circuit 800 is operated in response to a command 25a from the microcomputer 25 instead.
FIG. 33 shows the relationship among the first driving means 71, the microcomputer 25, the second driving means 72, and the switch circuit 800. When the third driving means 73 starts to drive the second driving means 72 toward the first gear portion 74 of the turntable 101 at the start of the swing operation, the microcomputer 25 causes the third driving means 73 to Immediately after the start of driving, the command 25b is generated to operate the second driving means 72. The microcomputer 25 delays the specified time Δt from the command 25b and then gives the command 25a to the switch circuit 800 to perform the peak hold operation. I have control.

  Even when configured in this way, even if the center angle of the vibration is shifted at the start of the swing operation, the Hall element having a large output voltage can be accurately selected, and the frequency is accurately calculated. it can.

(Embodiment 3)
FIG. 34 shows a third embodiment of the present invention.
The third embodiment describes a case where the present invention is applied to the comparative example 3 shown in FIG.

  When the detection switch 91 detects that the second gear portion 80 of the lever 79 is engaged with the first gear portion 74 of the turntable 101 as shown in FIG. In step S11A shown, it is determined that the engagement between the first gear portion 74 and the second gear portion 80 of the turntable 101 is in the engaged state, and steps S11 to S28 are started.

  With this configuration, even when the center angle of the vibration is shifted at the start of the swing operation, the Hall element having a large output voltage can be accurately selected, and the frequency can be accurately calculated.

(Embodiment 4)
The engagement detection means of each of the embodiments described above is based on the detection output of the detection switch 91 or when the microcomputer 25 detects the passage of the time Δt and the first gear unit 74 and the second gear. The peak hold operation of the peak hold circuits 18 and 19 is controlled by determining that the engagement with the unit 80 is in the engagement complete state. The engagement detection means is used as the brushless motor 71a of the first drive means 71a. By detecting that the back electromotive force has reached the specified voltage by the microcomputer 25 or another voltage detection circuit, the engagement between the first gear portion 74 and the second gear portion 80 is brought into the engagement completed state. By controlling the peak hold operations of the peak hold circuits 18 and 19 to be configured to be determined as having been performed, the same effects as those of the above embodiments can be expected.

  In each of the above embodiments, an example using a four-pole magnet type three-phase brushless motor has been described. However, any type of brushless motor may be used as long as it is a brushless motor that uses a plurality of Hall elements to detect a rotational position. Can be used.

  In each of the above embodiments, a routine for confirming whether or not the frequency calculated by the microcomputer 25 is a specified value is provided in the microcomputer 25, and a state where the frequency does not reach the specified value is detected. By notifying the occurrence of the state, it is possible to prevent a decrease in the analysis accuracy of the blood component.

  The analyzer according to the present invention can be used as both a centrifugal separator of a centrifugal separator and a sensor for controlling stirring, and is useful in the field of various analyzers for analysis steps involving centrifugal separation and stirring.

The perspective view of the analyzer in the comparative example 1 The top view which looked at the analyzer in the comparative example from the upper surface The perspective view of the state which opened the door of the comparative example Cross-sectional view of relevant parts with analytical device set The top view of the state in which the engagement of the 1st drive means and the 2nd drive means in the comparative example was cancelled | released, and the top view of the state in which the 1st drive means and the 2nd drive means were engaged The perspective view of the rotation drive means of the comparative example Side view of rotation driving means of the comparative example The top view of the state which removed the lever of the 2nd drive means of the comparative example Principle diagram of 4-pole magnet type 3-phase brushless motor in the comparative example Angular characteristic diagram of voltage output from hall element of 4-pole magnet type 3-phase brushless motor in the comparative example The figure which shows the relationship between the six polarity patterns of the three-phase drive coil of the four-pole magnet type three-phase brushless motor and the position of the magnet rotor in the comparative example Relationship diagram between Hall elements 13, 14, 15 and drive states of U-phase, V-phase, and W-phase drive coils Configuration diagram of vibration detection unit of analyzer in the same comparative example The characteristic figure which shows the output voltage of the hall element by which AC coupling was carried out when the 3-phase brushless motor in the comparative example was vibrated in the range of angle α A characteristic diagram showing a peak hold voltage when the three-phase brushless motor in the comparative example is vibrated in the range of the angle α. The characteristic figure which shows the output voltage of the hall element by which AC coupling was carried out when the three-phase brushless motor in the comparative example was vibrated in the range of angle β The characteristic figure which shows the peak hold voltage at the time of vibrating the 3-phase brushless motor in the same embodiment in the range of angle (beta) FIG. 10 is a characteristic diagram showing output voltages of the Hall elements 13 and 15 that are AC-coupled when reciprocatingly oscillating around one of the angles P1 to P4 shown in FIG. Characteristics diagram showing peak hold voltage in the same comparative example Input / output characteristic diagram of the comparator circuit 20 in the comparative example Input / output characteristic diagram when the comparator circuit 20 in the comparative example has hysteresis characteristics The figure which expanded the vertical axis | shaft (voltage range) of FIG. 19 in the comparative example Configuration diagram of vibration detection unit 100 in Comparative Example 2 Configuration diagram of vibration detection unit of analyzer in Comparative Example 3 Process diagram of microcomputer frequency detection in the comparative example The block diagram of the vibration detection part of the analyzer in Embodiment 1 of this invention Explanatory drawing of the state immediately after the start of the swing motion Illustration of the signal waveform immediately after the start of the swing motion Explanatory diagram of peak hold immediately after the start of rocking motion Explanatory diagram of peak hold immediately after the start of rocking motion Configuration diagram of another vibration detector The block diagram of the vibration detection part of the analyzer in Embodiment 2 of this invention Relationship diagram between the microcomputer of the same embodiment and the second and third driving devices The block diagram of the vibration detection part of the analyzer in Embodiment 3 of this invention Configuration diagram of microcomputer according to the embodiment

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Analytical device 6 Magnet rotor 7, 10 U-phase drive coil 8, 11 V-phase drive coil 9, 12 W-phase drive coil 13, 14, 15 Hall element (magnetic sensor)
16, 17, 26 Filters 18, 19 Peak hold circuit 20 Comparator circuit 20a Control signal 21 Analog multiplexer 22 AC amplifier circuit 23 Comparator circuit (second comparison unit)
24 Voltage source 25 Microcomputer 27 Analog multiplexer 28 Analog to digital converter 29 External memory 30 Delay type flip-flop (latch means)
71 1st drive means 71a Brushless motor 72 2nd drive means 73 3rd drive means 91 Detection switch (engagement detection means)
100 vibration detection unit 101 turntable 107 rotation center 110 first comparison unit 800 switch circuit R2 vibration center

Claims (10)

A turntable for holding the analytical device into which the sample solution has been injected;
First driving means for rotating the turntable and using at least two or more magnetic sensors for detecting the rotating magnetic field;
A second driving means for reciprocatingly vibrating the turntable by engaging with the turntable;
Engagement detecting means for detecting the engagement state between the turntable and the second drive means;
After the engagement detecting means detects that the engagement between the turntable and the second driving means is in an engaged state, an output signal having the largest amplitude is selected from the output signal of the magnetic sensor. And a vibration detection unit that calculates a vibration frequency from the selected output signal while maintaining the selected state until one operation of vibration stirring is completed. The analyzer according to claim 1, wherein the rotary motor of the first driving means is a three-phase brushless motor. The vibration detection unit is
A filter that extracts two output signals from the output signals of the magnetic sensor and removes a DC signal;
A first comparator for comparing the amplitude of the output signal of the filter to determine the magnitude and holding the determination result;
A multiplexer that selects a signal having the largest amplitude from the output signal of the filter based on the determination result held by the first comparison unit;
A second comparator for digitally converting the output signal selected by the multiplexer;
The analyzer according to claim 1, further comprising a microcomputer that calculates a frequency from an output signal of the second comparison unit. The first comparison unit includes:
A first peak hold circuit for detecting a peak value of an output signal from the first magnetic sensor;
A second peak hold circuit for detecting a peak value of an output signal from the second magnetic sensor;
The analyzer according to claim 3, comprising a comparator circuit having a hysteresis characteristic for determining a larger output of the first and second peak hold circuits. The first comparison unit includes:
A first peak hold circuit for detecting a peak value of an output signal from the first magnetic sensor;
A second peak hold circuit for detecting a peak value of an output signal from the second magnetic sensor;
A comparator circuit having no hysteresis characteristic for determining the larger one of the outputs of the first and second peak hold circuits;
The analyzer according to claim 3, further comprising: latch means for holding the output of the comparator circuit until one operation of vibration stirring is completed, and configured to switch the multiplexer based on the output of the latch means. The vibration detection unit is
A filter that removes a direct current signal from the output signals of two or more magnetic sensors;
A multiplexer that selects one of the output signals of the filter;
An analog-to-digital converter for digitally converting the output signal of the multiplexer;
The analyzer according to claim 1, further comprising a microcomputer that calculates a frequency from an output signal of the analog-digital converter. The filter is
The analyzer according to claim 3 or 6, which is a high-pass filter including a capacitor in series with the output signal of the magnetic sensor and a resistor in parallel with the output signal. 2. The switch according to claim 1, wherein the engagement detection unit is a switch attached so as to detect that the second drive unit has moved to an engagement completion state engaged with the turntable. Analysis equipment. The engagement detecting means;
2. The apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the second driving unit is configured to detect that the second driving unit has moved to an engaged state engaged with the turntable based on a back electromotive force of the first driving unit. The analyzer according to 1. A turntable for holding the analytical device into which the sample solution has been injected;
First driving means for rotating the turntable and using at least two or more magnetic sensors for detecting the rotating magnetic field;
A second driving means for reciprocatingly vibrating the turntable by engaging with the turntable;
A member that detects that the elapsed time from the start of the operation so as to engage the second drive unit with the turntable has reached a specified time, and determines that the engagement is in the engagement completed state. A joint detection means;
After determining that the engagement detecting means is in the engagement completion state, the output signal having the largest amplitude is selected from the output signals of the magnetic sensor, and the selection state is selected while being held until one operation of vibration stirring is completed. And a vibration detector that calculates a frequency from the output signal.

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