JP2010227990A - Centrifugal casting apparatus - Google Patents
Centrifugal casting apparatus Download PDFInfo
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- JP2010227990A JP2010227990A JP2009080433A JP2009080433A JP2010227990A JP 2010227990 A JP2010227990 A JP 2010227990A JP 2009080433 A JP2009080433 A JP 2009080433A JP 2009080433 A JP2009080433 A JP 2009080433A JP 2010227990 A JP2010227990 A JP 2010227990A
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本発明は、遠心力を利用して金型内面に溶湯を押付けて鋳造する遠心鋳造装置に関する。 The present invention relates to a centrifugal casting apparatus that casts a molten metal against an inner surface of a mold by using centrifugal force.
エンジンのボア内に配設されるシリンダスリーブなどの鋳造法として、遠心鋳造法が知られている。この遠心鋳造法は高速で回転する円筒状金型内に注湯管を介して溶湯を注入し、遠心力によって溶湯を円筒状金型内面に押付けて成形する鋳造法である。 Centrifugal casting is known as a casting method for a cylinder sleeve or the like disposed in an engine bore. This centrifugal casting method is a casting method in which a molten metal is injected into a cylindrical mold rotating at high speed via a pouring pipe, and the molten metal is pressed against the inner surface of the cylindrical mold by centrifugal force.
円筒状金型を高速で回転せしめる手段としては、従来から特許文献１〜３に開示されるようにモータによって駆動するローラを円筒状金型に押し当てて摩擦力によって円筒状金型を回転せしめるようにしている。 As a means for rotating the cylindrical mold at high speed, conventionally, a roller driven by a motor is pressed against the cylindrical mold as disclosed in Patent Documents 1 to 3, and the cylindrical mold is rotated by a frictional force. I am doing so.
特許文献１には、回転する円筒状金型をラジアルローラユニットで下から支持する構造が開示されている。この先行文献では、対をなすローラを前後に設け、これら対をなすローラの１つ以上をモータにて回転せしめるようにしている。 Patent Document 1 discloses a structure in which a rotating cylindrical mold is supported from below by a radial roller unit. In this prior art document, a pair of rollers are provided at the front and rear, and one or more of the paired rollers are rotated by a motor.
特許文献２に開示される遠心鋳造装置にあっては、前記同様に回転する円筒状金型を下からローラで支持するとともに、円筒状鋳型の外周面にローラが嵌り込む溝部を設け、軸方向へのずれを防止した構造が開示されている。 In the centrifugal casting apparatus disclosed in Patent Document 2, a cylindrical mold that rotates in the same manner as described above is supported by a roller from the bottom, and a groove portion into which the roller is fitted is provided on the outer peripheral surface of the cylindrical mold. The structure which prevented the shift | offset | difference to is disclosed.
特許文献３には、駆動ローラを円筒状金型の外周面に押し当てて円筒状金型を回転せしめるとともに、揺動装置によって揺動するレバーの先端に外殻層形成ローラを取り付け、この外殻層形成ローラを溶湯が凝固した層に押し当てて溶湯鍛造することが開示されている。 In Patent Document 3, a driving roller is pressed against the outer peripheral surface of a cylindrical mold to rotate the cylindrical mold, and an outer shell layer forming roller is attached to the tip of a lever that is swung by a rocking device. It is disclosed that the forging of the molten metal is performed by pressing the shell layer forming roller against the layer where the molten metal has solidified.
シリンダスリーブなどを遠心鋳造で得る場合、金型を高速回転させると遠心力によって比重の小さな不純物や溶湯中の溶存ガスなどが製品表面（内側面）に浮上する。回転速度を上げれば作用する遠心力も大きくなるので、不純物の除去効率が高まり品質が向上する。 When a cylinder sleeve or the like is obtained by centrifugal casting, when the mold is rotated at a high speed, impurities having a small specific gravity, dissolved gas in the molten metal, etc. float on the product surface (inner side surface) due to centrifugal force. If the rotational speed is increased, the centrifugal force acting also increases, so that the impurity removal efficiency increases and the quality improves.
しかしながら、回転速度を上げてゆくと空滑りが生じてしまう。具体的には、直径２００ｍｍ、重量１００ｋｇ程度の金型を２０Ｎ・ｍのトルクで、駆動表面が滑らかなスラストローラで回転させると、金型とスラストローラとの間の摩擦係数にもよるが、およそ３０００ｒｐｍで空滑りが発生し、回転速度がそれ以上上がらなくなってしまう。 However, when the rotational speed is increased, idle slip occurs. Specifically, when a die having a diameter of 200 mm and a weight of about 100 kg is rotated by a thrust roller having a smooth driving surface with a torque of 20 N · m, depending on the coefficient of friction between the die and the thrust roller, An idle slip occurs at about 3000 rpm, and the rotational speed cannot be increased any more.
上記課題を解決すべく本発明は、水平状態とした円筒状金型を下から複数の支持ローラで支え、これら複数の支持ローラの少なくとも１つを駆動ローラとすることで円筒状金型を回転せしめるようにした遠心鋳造装置において、前記円筒状金型を上方から押えローラによって前記駆動ローラに押付ける構成とした。 In order to solve the above-mentioned problems, the present invention supports a cylindrical mold in a horizontal state from below with a plurality of support rollers, and rotates the cylindrical mold by using at least one of the plurality of support rollers as a drive roller. In the centrifugal casting apparatus, the cylindrical mold is pressed against the driving roller by a pressing roller from above.
前記押えローラは、例えばアームを介して圧力調整可能な流体圧シリンダなどの推力源に接続されていることが好ましい。
斯かる構成とすることで、円筒状金型の回転速度に比例して、押えローラによる押付け力を徐々に大きくすることができ、必要以上の力で押付けて回転速度が落ちたり停止したりすることを防止できる。
It is preferable that the pressing roller is connected to a thrust source such as a fluid pressure cylinder whose pressure can be adjusted, for example, via an arm.
By adopting such a configuration, the pressing force by the presser roller can be gradually increased in proportion to the rotational speed of the cylindrical mold, and the rotational speed drops or stops due to pressing with an excessive force. Can be prevented.
本発明に係る遠心鋳造装置によれば、押えローラによって円筒状金型を駆動ローラに押付けることで、駆動ローラと金型外周面との間に十分な摩擦力が得られ、滑りを抑え、円筒状金型を高速回転させることができる。その結果、不純物などの除去が容易となり、高品質の鋳造品を得られる。 According to the centrifugal casting apparatus according to the present invention, by pressing the cylindrical mold against the driving roller by the pressing roller, a sufficient frictional force is obtained between the driving roller and the outer peripheral surface of the mold, and slipping is suppressed. The cylindrical mold can be rotated at high speed. As a result, impurities and the like can be easily removed, and a high-quality cast product can be obtained.
特に、溶湯として過共晶成分のＡｌ-Ｓｉ系を使用して鋳造する場合には、溶解温度が共晶成分のそれよりも高いことで、ガス成分の含有量が多くなりガス欠陥が生じやすくなるが、高速回転によりそのガス欠陥の低減を図ることができる。 In particular, when casting using a hypereutectic Al-Si system as the molten metal, the melting temperature is higher than that of the eutectic component, which increases the gas component content and easily causes gas defects. However, the gas defects can be reduced by high-speed rotation.
以下に本発明の実施の形態を添付図面に基づいて説明する。図１〜３に示すように遠心鋳造装置は、円筒状金型１０とこの円筒状金型１０内に溶湯を供給する注湯管３０を備え、注湯管３０はクランク３１を介してロボットの多関節アーム３２に支持され、任意の姿勢をとることができる。 Embodiments of the present invention will be described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. As shown in FIGS. 1 to 3, the centrifugal casting apparatus includes a cylindrical mold 10 and a pouring pipe 30 that supplies molten metal into the cylindrical mold 10, and the pouring pipe 30 is connected to the robot through a crank 31. It is supported by the articulated arm 32 and can take any posture.
円筒状金型１０はボックス状ケース１１内に水平に配置されている。ケース１１の上面には蓋体１２が開閉可能に取り付けられている。また、円筒状金型１０は前後を対をなす支持ローラ上に支持されている。前後対をなす支持ローラのうち少なくとも１つが駆動ローラ１３とされ、残りは被動ローラ１４とされ、駆動ローラ１３にはギヤまたはベルト１５を介してモータ１６の駆動力が伝達される。 The cylindrical mold 10 is disposed horizontally in the box-shaped case 11. A lid 12 is attached to the upper surface of the case 11 so as to be openable and closable. The cylindrical mold 10 is supported on support rollers that make a pair of front and rear. At least one of the front and rear support rollers is a driving roller 13, and the rest is a driven roller 14, and the driving force of the motor 16 is transmitted to the driving roller 13 through a gear or belt 15.
前記駆動ローラ１３及び被動ローラ１４は円筒状金型１０の外周面に形成した溝部１７，１８に嵌り込むことで、回転中に円筒状金型１０が軸方向に沿ってずれるのを防止している。 The driving roller 13 and the driven roller 14 are fitted into grooves 17 and 18 formed on the outer peripheral surface of the cylindrical mold 10 to prevent the cylindrical mold 10 from being displaced along the axial direction during rotation. Yes.
また、駆動ローラ１３と被動ローラ１４及び一対の被動ローラ１４，１４の軸（回転中心）と円筒状金型１０の軸（回転中心）を結ぶ線と垂直線とは４５°をなしている。 Further, a line connecting the axis (rotation center) of the driving roller 13 and the driven roller 14 and the pair of driven rollers 14 and 14 and the axis (rotation center) of the cylindrical mold 10 forms 45 °.
前記ケース１１内には円筒状金型１０の軸線（回転中心）と平行な軸１９が架設され、この軸１９にアーム２０が垂直面内で回転可能に支持され、更にアーム２０の先端には押えローラ２１が取り付けられ、アーム２０の基端部はシリンダユニット２２に連結されている。 A shaft 19 parallel to the axis (rotation center) of the cylindrical mold 10 is installed in the case 11, and an arm 20 is rotatably supported on the shaft 19 in a vertical plane. A presser roller 21 is attached, and the base end portion of the arm 20 is connected to the cylinder unit 22.
一方、注湯管３０は長さ方向に沿って溶湯の流入・流出が可能なスリット３３を形成している。このように、長さ方向に沿ってスリット３３を形成することで、遠心鋳造の円筒状金型内の全長方向に同時に溶湯を供給することができるので、鋳造品の全長に亘って凝固条件を同じにすることができる。 On the other hand, the pouring pipe 30 is formed with a slit 33 capable of flowing in and out of the molten metal along the length direction. In this way, by forming the slit 33 along the length direction, the molten metal can be supplied simultaneously in the full length direction in the cylindrical mold of centrifugal casting, so the solidification conditions can be set over the entire length of the cast product. Can be the same.
以上において、遠心鋳造を行うには、シリンダユニット２２を伸長させ図３においてアーム２０を軸１９を中心として時計方向に回動させ、アーム２０先端の押えローラ２１を円筒状金型１０の外周面に所定の押え力で押付ける。 In the above, in order to perform centrifugal casting, the cylinder unit 22 is extended and the arm 20 is rotated clockwise around the shaft 19 in FIG. 3, and the presser roller 21 at the tip of the arm 20 is moved to the outer peripheral surface of the cylindrical mold 10. Press with a predetermined pressing force.
この状態で駆動ローラ１３によって円筒状金型１０を高速回転させ、一方、注湯管３０を図示しない溶湯保持炉内に浸漬して注湯管３０内に所定量の溶湯を保持し、更に溶湯保持炉からスリット３３を上に向けた状態で注湯管３０を取り出し、円筒状金型１０の近傍まで移動し、注湯管３０の挿入方向を円筒状金型１０の軸線（回転中心）に一致させ、回転している円筒状金型１０内に進入させる。 In this state, the cylindrical mold 10 is rotated at a high speed by the drive roller 13, while the pouring pipe 30 is immersed in a molten metal holding furnace (not shown) to hold a predetermined amount of the molten metal in the pouring pipe 30, and further the molten metal The pouring pipe 30 is taken out from the holding furnace with the slit 33 facing upward, moved to the vicinity of the cylindrical mold 10, and the insertion direction of the pouring pipe 30 is set to the axis (rotation center) of the cylindrical mold 10. Match and move into the rotating cylindrical mold 10.
円筒状金型１０内に注湯管３０が入った状態でスリット３３は、上方を向いているため、溶湯は注湯管３０内に保持されている。次いで、注湯管３０の円筒状金型１０内での位置を変えないように回転させてスリット３３を上下反転させ、保持されている溶湯を円筒状金型１０内に供給する。 Since the slit 33 faces upward when the pouring pipe 30 is in the cylindrical mold 10, the molten metal is held in the pouring pipe 30. Next, the pouring pipe 30 is rotated so as not to change the position in the cylindrical mold 10, the slit 33 is turned upside down, and the held molten metal is supplied into the cylindrical mold 10.
スリット３３の長さは鋳造する製品の長さと略等しく設定しているため、製品の全長分の溶湯が一気に円筒状金型１０内に供給され、供給された溶湯は遠心力によって金型１０の内周面に押し付けられ、凝固してシリンダスリーブなどの製品となる。 Since the length of the slit 33 is set to be approximately equal to the length of the product to be cast, the molten metal for the entire length of the product is supplied into the cylindrical mold 10 at once, and the supplied molten metal is fed into the mold 10 by centrifugal force. Pressed against the inner peripheral surface and solidified into a product such as a cylinder sleeve.
上記において、押えローラ２１による押付け力は円筒状金型１０の回転速度などに応じて決定する。
具体的には、図４に示すように、製品を鋳込んだ状態の円筒状金型の重量をＭ、円筒状金型と駆動ローラのそれぞれの回転軸を結ぶ線が鉛直方向となす角をθ、円筒状金型と駆動ローラの接触面に作用する垂直抗力をＮ、駆動ローラの半径をｒ、駆動トルクをＴａ、円筒状金型と駆動ローラの摩擦係数をμ、押え力をＦ、重力加速度をｇとすると、以下の（式１）から、円筒状金型と駆動ローラの接触面に作用する垂直抗力Ｎが求められる。
In the above, the pressing force by the pressing roller 21 is determined according to the rotational speed of the cylindrical mold 10 and the like.
Specifically, as shown in FIG. 4, the weight of the cylindrical mold in the state in which the product is cast is M, and the angle formed by the line connecting the respective rotation axes of the cylindrical mold and the drive roller is the vertical direction. θ, N is the vertical drag acting on the contact surface between the cylindrical mold and the driving roller, r is the radius of the driving roller, Ta is the driving torque, μ is the friction coefficient between the cylindrical mold and the driving roller, F is the pressing force, When the gravitational acceleration is g, the normal force N acting on the contact surface between the cylindrical mold and the driving roller is obtained from the following (Equation 1).
（式１）
(Formula 1)
ところで、駆動ローラが円筒状金型との接触面の摩擦係数を上回って駆動ローラが滑って空転して円筒状金型に駆動ローラの駆動力が伝わらない状態は、以下の（式２）で表される。 By the way, the state where the driving roller exceeds the friction coefficient of the contact surface with the cylindrical mold and the driving roller slips and slips and the driving force of the driving roller is not transmitted to the cylindrical mold is expressed by the following (Formula 2). expressed.
（式２）
(Formula 2)
駆動ローラと円筒状金型との接触面で発生する摩擦係数が、駆動力を上回れば駆動ローラは空転しない。即ち、以下の（式３）で示される押え力Ｆを与えれば、摩擦力が駆動力を上回り、滑りが生じないことになる。 If the friction coefficient generated on the contact surface between the driving roller and the cylindrical mold exceeds the driving force, the driving roller will not idle. That is, if the pressing force F shown by the following (Formula 3) is given, the frictional force exceeds the driving force, and no slip occurs.
（式３）
(Formula 3)
尚、押え力Ｆは円筒状金型を抑える推力の合力であり、押えローラを２組以上設置する場合にはそれぞれの推力の合計が押え力Ｆとなる。 The presser force F is a resultant force of the thrust that holds the cylindrical mold. When two or more press rollers are installed, the total of the respective thrusts becomes the presser force F.
また、実施例では押えローラ２１を円筒状金型１０に押し付ける機構として、アーム２０とシリンダユニット２２を組み合わせた機構を示したがこれに限るものではなく、更に押えローラ２１の配置も前後に１つづつとしているが、これに限定されない。 Further, in the embodiment, a mechanism in which the arm 20 and the cylinder unit 22 are combined is shown as a mechanism for pressing the presser roller 21 against the cylindrical mold 10, but the present invention is not limited to this, and the arrangement of the presser roller 21 is 1 in front and rear. Although it continues, it is not limited to this.
本発明に係る押えローラを備えた遠心鋳造装置は、シリンダスリーブをはじめ、その他高い鋳造品質の要求される円筒形状部材の鋳造などに適用することができる。 The centrifugal casting apparatus provided with the presser roller according to the present invention can be applied to casting of a cylindrical member such as a cylinder sleeve which requires a high casting quality.
１０…円筒状金型、１１…ボックス状ケース、１２…蓋体、１３…駆動ローラ、１４…被動ローラ、１５…ベルト、１６…モータ、１７，１８…溝部、１９…軸、２０…アーム、２１…押えローラ、２２…シリンダユニット、３０…注湯管、３１…クランク、３２…多関節アーム、３３…スリット。 DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 10 ... Cylindrical metal mold, 11 ... Box-shaped case, 12 ... Cover body, 13 ... Drive roller, 14 ... Driven roller, 15 ... Belt, 16 ... Motor, 17, 18 ... Groove part, 19 ... Shaft, 20 ... Arm, 21 ... Presser roller, 22 ... Cylinder unit, 30 ... Pouring pipe, 31 ... Crank, 32 ... Articulated arm, 33 ... Slit.
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Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN106166604A (en) * | 2016-08-25 | 2016-11-30 | 中钢集团邢台机械轧辊有限公司 | Roller with thick working layer outer layer spun casting and inoculation method |
| CN108031811A (en) * | 2017-12-29 | 2018-05-15 | 新兴河北工程技术有限公司 | A kind of hot-die centrifuge pipe die intelligence acceleration mechanism and its control method |
| CN113579192A (en) * | 2021-08-16 | 2021-11-02 | 江苏共昌轧辊股份有限公司 | Centrifuge with dust reducing function for roller production and use method |
-
2009
- 2009-03-27 JP JP2009080433A patent/JP2010227990A/en active Pending
Cited By (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN106166604A (en) * | 2016-08-25 | 2016-11-30 | 中钢集团邢台机械轧辊有限公司 | Roller with thick working layer outer layer spun casting and inoculation method |
| CN108031811A (en) * | 2017-12-29 | 2018-05-15 | 新兴河北工程技术有限公司 | A kind of hot-die centrifuge pipe die intelligence acceleration mechanism and its control method |
| CN108031811B (en) * | 2017-12-29 | 2023-08-15 | 新兴河北工程技术有限公司 | Intelligent accelerating mechanism for pipe die of hot die centrifuge and control method of intelligent accelerating mechanism |
| CN113579192A (en) * | 2021-08-16 | 2021-11-02 | 江苏共昌轧辊股份有限公司 | Centrifuge with dust reducing function for roller production and use method |
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