JP2010214738A - Scanning printer, print control method, storage medium storing print control program - Google Patents

Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a scanning printer executing printing matching with moving directions. <P>SOLUTION: The scanning printer for executing printing such as characters and patterns to an object to be printed by moving the printer on the object to be printed has a printing means, a detecting means for detecting whether the moving direction of the scanning printer is the first direction or the second direction opposite to the first direction, a storing means for storing the first print information and the second printing means, and a control means causing the printing means to print based on the first print information stored in the storing means when it is detected that the moving direction of the scanning printer is the first direction by the detecting means and causing the printing means to print based on the second print information stored in the storing means when it is detected that the moving direction of the scanning printer is the second direction by the detecting means. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2010,JPO&INPIT

Description

  The present invention relates to a scanning printing apparatus, a printing control method for printing on a printing object using the scanning printing apparatus, and a storage storing a printing control program for causing the scanning printing apparatus to perform printing. It relates to the medium.

  2. Description of the Related Art Conventionally, there is a scanning printing apparatus as an apparatus that prints characters, symbols, logos, characters, marks, and the like on a print target by grasping a housing and manually scanning.

  Such a scanning printing apparatus is widely used because it can be easily moved manually, and can print on an arbitrary portion of a large number of documents continuously like a stamp. In recent years, various proposals have been made so that the apparatus can be used more comfortably. For example, in Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2003-136786 (Patent Document 1), even if the built-in control unit is provided with an image processing unit that rotates the orientation of an image to be printed, it is difficult to change the moving direction of the main body. A scanning printer capable of printing an image in a desired orientation has been proposed.

JP 2003-136786 A

  There are various types of scanning printing devices that are easy to handle, such as the scanning printing devices described in the above-mentioned patent documents. However, when performing continuous printing operations, these scanning printing devices print only one print content repeatedly. There was a problem that could not be. In other words, each time it is desired to change the print contents, it takes time and effort to operate the input means or transmit data from an external device.

  The present invention has been made in view of the above-described problems of the prior art, and can cope with the moving direction by a simple operation of changing the moving direction of the apparatus main body without requiring the trouble of operating the input means. A scanning printing apparatus that executes the printing, a printing control method using the scanning printing apparatus, and a storage medium storing a printing control program for causing the scanning printing apparatus to perform printing corresponding to the moving direction; , Is intended to provide.

  The scanning printing apparatus of the present invention is a scanning printing apparatus that prints characters, patterns, and the like on a printing target by moving the printing target, and the printing unit and the moving direction of the scanning printing apparatus are first. Detecting means for detecting whether the first direction or the second direction opposite to the first direction, storage means for storing the first print information and second print information, and the scanning type printing apparatus by the detection means When the movement direction is detected as the first direction, the printing unit performs printing based on the first print information stored in the storage unit, and the detection unit performs the printing of the scanning printing apparatus. Control means for causing the printing means to perform printing based on the second print information stored in the storage means when it is detected that the moving direction is the second direction. To do.

  The first print information and the second print information are stored in the storage unit in advance and correspond to each other.

  The first print information and the second print information may be composed of character strings having opposite meanings.

  One of the first and second print information may be character string information of kanji and the other may be information of reading the character string information of the kanji.

  The print control method of the present invention is a print control method for printing the first print information and the second print information stored in advance in the storage means on the print target by moving the print target. In addition, a detection process is performed to detect whether the moving direction of the scanning printing apparatus by the detection unit is the first direction or the second direction opposite to the first direction, and is detected by the control unit by the detection process. When it is detected that the moving direction of the scanning type printing apparatus is the first direction, the printing type is printed based on the first printing information stored in the storage unit, and the scanning type detected by the detection process When it is detected that the movement direction of the printing apparatus is the second direction, a printing process for causing the printing unit to perform printing is executed based on the second print information stored in the storage unit.

  The computer-readable storage medium of the present invention is a storage medium storing a control program for causing a computer serving as a control means to perform a process of printing with a scanning printing apparatus, and the moving direction of the scanning printing apparatus is A detection process for detecting whether the first direction is a second direction opposite to the first direction, and the movement direction of the scanning printing apparatus detected by the detection process is detected as the first direction. When the printing unit is caused to perform printing based on the first print information and the moving direction of the scanning printing apparatus detected by the detection process is detected as the second direction, the second printing is performed. A printing control program for realizing printing processing for causing the printing unit to perform printing based on the information is stored.

  According to the present invention, a scanning printing apparatus that performs printing corresponding to a moving direction by a simple operation of changing the moving direction of the apparatus main body without requiring time and effort such as operating an input unit, and the scanning printing It is possible to provide a printing control method using the apparatus and a storage medium storing a printing control program for causing the scanning printing apparatus to perform printing corresponding to the moving direction.

It is a schematic diagram which shows the side surface cross section of the scanning printing apparatus which concerns on the Example of this invention. 1 is a functional block diagram of a scanning printing apparatus according to an embodiment of the present invention. It is a figure which shows the corresponding | compatible information list memorize | stored in the memory | storage means of the scanning printing apparatus which concerns on the Example of this invention. 6 is a flowchart illustrating a main flow when printing is performed by the scanning printing apparatus according to the embodiment of the present invention. It is a figure which shows the example of a screen display displayed on the liquid crystal display surface of the touchscreen of the scanning printing apparatus which concerns on the Example of this invention. 6 is a flowchart illustrating a moving direction detection processing flow of the scanning printing apparatus according to the embodiment of the present invention. It is a figure which shows the operation example of the scanning printing apparatus which concerns on the Example of this invention. It is a figure which shows the operation example of the scanning printing apparatus which concerns on the Example of this invention.

  Hereinafter, modes for carrying out the present invention will be described. The scanning printing apparatus 1 according to the present invention is a scanning printing apparatus 1 that prints characters, patterns, and the like on the print target 20 by moving the print target 20.

  This scanning printing apparatus 1 detects whether the moving direction of the inkjet printing head 6 as the printing means and the scanning printing apparatus main body is the first direction or the second direction opposite to the first direction, and sets the movement distance. Rotary encoder 9 as detection means for detecting, ROM 12 as storage means for storing a correspondence information list made up of a plurality of first print information and second print information in advance, and information to be printed on print object 20 RAM 13 serving as a storage means for developing and temporarily storing the first and second print information selected as and the detection means detect that the moving direction of the scanning printing apparatus 1 is the first direction. The printing unit is caused to print based on the first print information stored in the RAM 13 as the storage unit, and the detection unit detects that the moving direction of the scanning printing apparatus 1 is the second direction. The And a CPU 11 as control means for causing the printing means to perform printing based on the second print information stored in the RAM 13 as storage means.

  The first print information and the second print information are information corresponding to each other. For example, the first and second print information include character strings having opposite meanings and English. Information such as translations, kanji and their readings can be adopted.

  Hereinafter, embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the drawings. FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram showing a cross-sectional side view of a scanning printing apparatus 1 according to an embodiment of the present invention.

  As shown in FIG. 1, the scanning printing apparatus 1 is a device that prints characters, patterns, and the like on a print target 20 by moving while pressing the print target 20 such as paper. The scanning printing apparatus 1 includes a hollow rectangular housing 2 that is formed in a size that can be gripped. A touch panel 4 in which a touch sensor surface is laminated on a liquid crystal display surface is formed on the upper surface of the housing 2.

  The touch panel 4 displays all or a part of an image such as characters and patterns related to input data, a selection menu for various settings, messages related to various processes, and the like. Various settings, character data input, and selection input for determining print data from candidates can be performed.

  In addition, a switch group such as a print permission button and a power switch for executing printing is formed on the side surface of the casing 2 (not shown). An opening is formed in the lower surface of the housing 2 at a position corresponding to the ink jet head 6, and wheels 8 that are in contact with the printing object 20 are disposed in the vicinity of both lower ends of the housing 2.

  Further, although not shown, the housing 2 is also formed with an input terminal for connection with an external device such as a personal computer, an insertion port into which a storage medium such as a memory card is inserted, and the like.

  Inside the housing 2, an ink jet head 6 having an array of nozzles for spraying ink, an ink tank 7, a control unit 10, a battery as a power source, and the like are disposed. This inkjet head 6 is a printing means, and is disposed corresponding to the opening on the lower surface of the casing 2, and the wheels 8 of the casing 2 are placed on a flat table or the like as shown in the figure. When contact is made with the surface of the print object 20, printing can be performed by ejecting ink in a direction perpendicular to the surface of the print object 20 from the nozzles of the inkjet head 6.

  A rotary encoder 9 is attached to one axle supporting the wheel 8 via a belt. Therefore, when the apparatus body is moved while the wheel 8 is applied to the printing object 20, a pulse signal corresponding to the rotation of the wheel 8 is transmitted from the rotary encoder 9 and received by the control unit 10, and the movement direction and movement of the apparatus body are detected. The distance will be detected.

  FIG. 2 is a functional block diagram showing a circuit configuration of the scanning printing apparatus 1. As shown in FIG. 2, the scanning printing apparatus 1 includes a control unit 10 including a CPU 11, a ROM 12, and a RAM 13, an ink jet head 6, a rotary encoder 9, an input / output interface 14 connected to an external device, and the like.

  The control unit 10 includes a CPU 11 serving as a microcomputer serving as a control unit, a ROM 12 storing system programs and fonts for controlling various operations, and a RAM 13 serving as a work memory.

  The CPU 11 serving as the control means is connected to the input / output interface 14 in accordance with an operation signal from the switch group 3 and the touch panel 4 as input means or automatically stored in the ROM 12 in advance. A control program or the like read from an external device or a memory card is activated, and the operation of each part of the circuit is controlled using the RAM 13 as a work memory.

  The ROM 12 is a storage means, and stores a program for printing a character string or the like selected and input from the touch panel 4, a print font, a display font, a symbol, a pattern, and the like, and a program that can be read by the CPU 11. Also functions as a storage medium in which is stored. The ROM 12 stores a plurality of first print information and second print information corresponding to each other in advance as a correspondence information list, and the user can freely use the first print information and the second print information. Data such as words, symbols, and fixed phrases that can be selected and set is stored.

  As shown in FIG. 3, the correspondence information list includes words having opposite meanings such as “pass” and “fail”, “permit” and “forbid”, and “APPROVED” and “approval”. English words such as "URGENT" and "Urgent" and their translations, as well as a number of first corresponding to each other such as "rain" and "Ame", "cloud" and "spider" It consists of print information and second print information.

  In addition, the first print information and the second print information are not limited to words, but are “pass”, “fail”, “Thank you”, and “Thank you.” It may be.

  Furthermore, the first print information and the second print information have the meanings opposite to each other as described above, and are not limited to English and its translated words or kanji and their readings. It may be a character string corresponding to each other such as “I need improvement”. Moreover, it may be a pattern such as a symbol such as “○” and “×”, a “heart pattern” printed on the print object 20 for women, and a “clover pattern” printed on the print object 20 for men. .

  The RAM 13 serves as a storage means, and includes first and second print information selected from the correspondence information list stored in the ROM 12, or words and boilerplates stored in the ROM 12. The first and second print information selected and set from the print data memory in which the print data in which the print information such as the size and the character spacing is expanded is stored, and displayed on the liquid crystal display surface of the touch panel 4 as the display means. Each area such as a display data memory for storing display data to be stored is secured, and a register, a counter, and the like are provided for temporarily storing data necessary for print processing.

  The rotary encoder 9 is an incremental encoder that serves as a detection means, and includes a rotary plate having a slit row that is rotated when the wheel 8 is rotated, and two sets arranged so as to sandwich the rotary plate. The light emitting element and the light receiving element are provided. The rotary encoder 9 is a two-phase signal that detects the amount of movement of the scanning printing apparatus 1 by causing the light receiving element to receive light emitted from the light emitting element and passing through the slit when the rotating plate rotates. A pulse signal is transmitted to the control means.

  The rotary encoder 9 includes a pulse discriminating circuit and an up / down counter, and makes use of the fact that the pattern of the pulse signal in forward / reverse rotation is different (ie, using the phase difference between the two-phase signals) A forward / reverse rotation detection signal of the wheel 8 corresponding to the moving direction of the scanning printing apparatus 1 is transmitted to the control means. That is, the rotary encoder 9 detects whether the movement direction of the apparatus main body is the first direction or the second direction opposite to the first direction, and transmits the detection signal to the control means.

  Then, the control means is based on the pulse signal as the movement amount detection signal from the detection means, that is, in accordance with the movement amount in the sub-scanning direction (advancing direction of the scanning printing apparatus 1). The inkjet head 6 serving as a printing unit is driven and controlled so that ink is ejected for each line operation from a nozzle row arranged in a direction perpendicular to the traveling direction of the mold printing apparatus 1.

  Specifically, the scanning printing apparatus 1 forms a pulse signal from one light receiving element by forming an interval of slits provided on the rotary plate of the rotary encoder 9 corresponding to the amount of movement of one line of the apparatus body. Each time is sent, one line can be printed. The control means also determines the end of printing by calculating the amount of movement of the apparatus body by counting the input of pulse signals.

  The control means determines print information to be printed by the printing means based on the forward / reverse rotation detection signal from the detection means. That is, when the detection unit detects that the moving direction of the scanning printing apparatus 1 is the first direction that is one of the sub-scanning directions, the control unit calls the first print information from the storage unit, and The printing unit is driven and controlled based on the printing information to cause the printing unit to perform printing. Similarly, the control means detects the second print information when the detection means detects that the moving direction of the scanning printing apparatus 1 is the second direction opposite to the first direction by 180 degrees. Called from the storage unit, the printing unit is driven and controlled based on the print information to cause the printing unit to perform printing.

  In other words, when the scanning printing apparatus 1 moves the wheel 8 to the printing object 20 and moves it to the left or right (that is, the first direction or the second direction) while pressing the print permission button, Based on the forward / reverse rotation detection signal input from the rotary encoder 9, the CPU 11 calls the first print information or the second print information from the storage means, and the CPU 11 according to the movement amount detection signal input from the rotary encoder 9. However, ink can be ejected from the nozzle row of the inkjet head 6 for each line operation, and printing can be performed on the print target 20 according to the moving direction of the apparatus main body based on the print information called from the storage means.

Next, a printing method and control in the scanning printing apparatus 1 of this embodiment will be described in detail with reference to FIGS.
First, as shown in the control flowchart of FIG. 4, the scanning printing apparatus 1 is turned on when the user turns on the power switch, and the control unit erases predetermined information stored in the RAM 13. Then, an initialization process (step S101) in which print information (for example, a character size and an interval between characters) as an initial state is set is performed.

  Next, as shown in FIG. 5, a correspondence information list (a plurality of first print information and second print information) displayed on the display means such as a character string or a pattern to be printed by the user operating the input means. Print information selection signal) is sent from the input means to the control means. Then, when receiving the print information selection signal, the control means, as shown in FIG. 4, print information selection processing (step 1) for storing the selected pair of first and second print information in the RAM 13 as the storage means. S103) is executed. In this way, if the correspondence information list is displayed on the display means (see FIG. 5), the user can easily select a character string to be printed on the print target 20 from the list by operating the input means. Can be selected.

  In addition, when the user selects and sets the first print information and the second print information individually from the words and fixed phrases displayed on the display unit, not from the correspondence information list, the settings are made. The printed information is stored in the RAM 13 as storage means.

  Next, when the user operates the input means to set print information such as size, character spacing, and print density, a predetermined signal is transmitted from the input means to the control means, and the print information is stored in the RAM 13 which is a storage means. Remembered. The control means stores the print information in the storage means to create print data, and displays the print information stored in the storage means (that is, the print information input by the input means) on the display means for use. A print data creation process (step S105) is executed to allow the user to confirm the contents to be printed. Thus, the user can appropriately correct and edit the print information while confirming the print information displayed on the display means.

  When the print data creation process (step S105) is completed, the scanning printing apparatus 1 enters a print standby state. At this time, when the user operates (for example, keeps pressing) a print permission button as an input unit of the scanning printing apparatus 1 in a state where the wheel 8 is in contact with the print target 20, the control unit In the print permission determination process (step S107), it is determined that printing is permitted, and the movement direction detection process (step S201) is executed. Specifically, as shown in the control flowchart of FIG. 6, when the wheel 8 is rotated by the user moving the apparatus main body in one of the sub-scanning directions, the forward / reverse detection signal is controlled from the detection means. Sent to the means.

  When the control means receives the forward rotation detection signal, the control means determines whether the movement direction is the first direction (that is, the second direction) in the movement direction determination process (step S211). It is determined that the moving direction is the first direction, and print information selection processing (step S221) for selecting the first print information as information to be printed on the print target 20 is executed.

  On the other hand, when receiving the reverse rotation detection signal, the control unit determines that the movement direction of the apparatus main body is the second direction in the movement direction determination process (step S211), and prints the second print information. A print information selection process (step S223) selected as information to be printed on the target 20 is executed.

  When the print information selection process (steps S221 and S223) is executed, as shown in FIG. 4, the control unit prints the first print information or the second print information stored in the storage unit. Based on the data, the inkjet head 6 as the printing unit is driven and controlled for each line operation in accordance with the pulse signal from the detection unit, so that the printing process is performed in accordance with the movement distance and movement speed of the apparatus body (step S301). Execute.

  The printing process (step S301) is executed for each line operation by moving the apparatus main body while the print permission button is pressed. The control unit prints ON / OFF of the print permission button. When the print permission button is released during printing or after printing is finished, the control unit determines that the print permission button is turned off (step S303), and drives the printing unit and operates the detection unit. Is stopped, and the print standby state is maintained until the print permission button is pressed again. The control means can calculate the movement distance in the printing range by counting the reception of the pulse signal, automatically determine the end of printing, and stop the operation of the printing means and the detection means. After the printing is completed, even if the apparatus main body is moved while the print permission button is kept pressed, the printing is not performed.

  In other words, as shown in FIG. 7A, when the scanning printing apparatus 1 is moved while pressing the movement permission button in the right direction, which is the first direction, in the print information selection process (step S221), One print information is selected, and for example, a character string “pass” as the first print information is printed on the print target 20 in order from the top as the apparatus main body moves. Further, as shown in FIG. 7B, when the scanning printing apparatus 1 is moved in the left direction as the second direction while keeping the movement permission button pressed, in the print information selection process (step S223), The second print information is selected, and the character string “fail” as the second print information is printed on the print target 20 in order from the end along with the movement of the apparatus main body.

  Then, after the print permission button is released, the print information is not changed (step S305), and the print permission button is pressed again against another print target 20 and the like in the print permission determination process (step S107). When printing permission is determined by the control means, the movement direction detection process (step S201) is executed again. That is, the user presses the print permission button every time the scanning printing apparatus 1 is placed on another print target 20, and moves the apparatus main body to the left or right while pressing the print permission button. The print information or the second print information can be continuously printed.

  The scanning printing apparatus 1 may be configured to provide a pressure sensor that detects the pressure applied to the wheel 8 without providing a print permission button, and to determine print permission based on a detection signal from the pressure sensor. . Thus, each time the apparatus main body is pressed against the print target 20, the control unit can make a print permission determination, so that the user can more easily continuously print on any part of the plurality of print targets 20. be able to.

  Then, when the control unit receives a signal for the print information change operation by the user when the printing is finished and is in the standby state, the print information change process (step S305) indicates that the print information has been changed. Determination is made and an initialization process (step S101) is executed.

  Therefore, according to the present invention, it is possible to use two types of print contents properly with a simple operation of changing the moving direction of the scanning printing apparatus 1 without requiring the trouble of operating the input means for changing the print information. It is possible to continuously print at an arbitrary position of the plurality of print targets 20. In addition, by storing the first print information and the second print information in the storage unit in advance, the user can easily select a combination of character strings or the like to be printed.

  Then, by storing character strings having opposite meanings in the storage means as first print information and second print information in advance, processing such as sorting of related documents like a stamp is performed. More suitable printing can be performed.

  Furthermore, by using the first and second print information stored in advance as kanji character string information and information on reading the character string, it can also be used as an educational toy or a game aimed at activating brain training. Therefore, the demand layer can be expanded.

  Note that the processing shown in the flowchart in the present embodiment is applied to various apparatuses as a program that can be executed by a computer, for example, written in a storage medium such as a magnetic disk, an optical disk, or a semiconductor memory, or by a communication medium. It is also possible to transmit and apply to various devices. As described above, by storing each processing described in the present embodiment in a desired storage medium and causing the program to be executed by another computer or the like, it is possible to obtain the same operational effects as in the case of using the apparatus of the present embodiment. The computer is not limited to the computer incorporated in the apparatus described in the present embodiment, but can read a program stored in a storage medium and can perform a control operation according to the read program. Includes any computer equipped with a computing device.

  And this invention is not limited to the above Example, A change and improvement are possible freely in the range which does not deviate from the summary of invention. For example, as shown in FIG. 8, the first print information and the second print information may be print information having the same character string, pattern, etc., and having mutually inverted colors. That is, one print information may be information for printing a character, and the other print information may be information for printing a portion other than the character portion. Moreover, you may make it the color of the character of the 1st and 2nd print information mutually different, or colors other than a character part. Thereby, by changing the print information corresponding to the color of the print target 20, it is possible to print characters, patterns, and the like that are easy to see on the various print targets 20. Furthermore, the first and second print information can store various print information such as the same character string and different fonts.

  The first print information and the second print information are stored in the storage unit in advance as data such as a correspondence information list, words and character strings that can be freely selected and set, but the present invention is not limited to this. Without having to operate the input means or by inputting information from an external device, character strings and patterns that do not correspond to each other can be freely stored as first print information and second print information The data may be stored in a RAM 13 or a memory card as a means and printed by a printing means. Further, the correspondence information list may be stored in the RAM 13 or the memory card so that the first and second print information can be added or corrected as appropriate.

  Further, the detection means for detecting the moving direction of the scanning printing apparatus 1 is not limited to the rotary encoder 9, but when detecting the right and left moving directions by an acceleration sensor or by attaching pressure sensors to the left and right axles of the apparatus, Alternatively, various means such as a case where the direction is detected depending on which of the left pressings is strongly performed can be employed.

  In the above embodiment, an example of the printing process in which the left and right directions are the first and second directions has been described. However, the character string to be printed or the like may be written vertically and the vertical direction may be the first and second directions. . In the above-described embodiment, the ink jet scanning printing apparatus 1 has been described. However, the present invention is not limited to this, and the present invention can be applied to any scanning printing apparatus 1 such as a thermal transfer system.

1 Scanning printer 2 Housing
3 Switch group 4 Touch panel
6 Inkjet head 7 Ink tank
8 wheels 9 rotary encoder
10 Control unit 11 CPU
12 ROM 13 RAM
14 I / O interface 20 Print target

Claims (6)

In a scanning printing apparatus that prints characters or patterns on a print target by moving the print target,
Printing means;
Detecting means for detecting whether the moving direction of the scanning printing apparatus is the first direction or the second direction opposite to the first direction;
Storage means for storing the first print information and the second print information;
When the detection unit detects that the moving direction of the scanning printing apparatus is the first direction, the printing unit performs printing based on the first print information stored in the storage unit;
Control means for causing the printing means to perform printing based on the second printing information stored in the storage means when the detection means detects that the moving direction of the scanning printing apparatus is the second direction. And a scanning type printing apparatus.   The scanning printing apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the first print information and the second print information are stored in the storage unit in advance and correspond to each other.   3. The scanning printing apparatus according to claim 2, wherein the first print information and the second print information are composed of character strings having opposite meanings.   3. The scanning printing apparatus according to claim 2, wherein one of the first and second print information is character string information of kanji and the other is information of reading the character string information of the kanji. . A print control method for printing the first print information and the second print information stored in advance in the storage means on the print object by moving the print object,
While performing a detection process for detecting whether the moving direction of the scanning printing apparatus by the detecting means is the first direction or the second direction opposite to the first direction,
When the control unit detects that the moving direction of the scanning printing apparatus detected by the detection process is the first direction, the control unit performs printing on the printing unit based on the first print information stored in the storage unit. Printing that causes the printing unit to perform printing based on the second print information stored in the storage unit when it is detected that the moving direction of the scanning printing apparatus detected by the detection process is the second direction. A printing control method characterized by executing processing. A storage medium storing a control program for causing a computer serving as a control unit to perform processing for printing with a scanning printing apparatus,
A detection process for detecting whether the moving direction of the scanning printing apparatus is a first direction or a second direction opposite to the first direction;
When it is detected that the moving direction of the scanning printing apparatus detected by the detection process is the first direction, the printing unit performs printing based on the first print information, and is detected by the detection process. And a printing control program for realizing printing processing for causing the printing unit to perform printing based on the second printing information when the moving direction of the scanning printing apparatus is detected as the second direction. A computer-readable storage medium characterized by being stored.

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