JP2010209661A - Building structure capable of approximating vertical-directional cross-sectional shape by reverse catenary curve, and connecting material therefor - Google Patents

Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a building structure having a shape with a compression force acting mainly on a principal structural member, in an arch-like or dome-like building, and constituted of a columnar or panel-like structural member, and a connecting material shape-specified to construct reasonably the building. <P>SOLUTION: A vertical-directional cross-sectional shape is constituted of connected rectangles in the arch-like or dome-like building, a connection face of the rectangles is inscribed or circumscribed with a reverse catenary curve, or includes the reverse catenary curve, and an inclination of a face contact with the adjacent rectangles is same to an inclination of a face perpendicular to a contact face of the reverse catenary curve in a corresponding position. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2010,JPO&amp;INPIT

Description

  The present invention relates to an arch-like or dome-like building structure, and more particularly to a building structure whose vertical cross-sectional shape includes a circumscribed, inscribed, or inverse catenary curve in a reverse catenary curve. Furthermore, it is related with the connection material which comprises this building structure.

  The arched or dome-shaped building is a structure suitable for building a large space, and is advantageous for enclosing a large stadium roof or a large space (Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 2003-301517). Above all, the shape that can be formed when both ends of the chain are suspended is a catenary curve (hereinafter sometimes referred to as a suspension curve). As a result of compressive force mainly acting on the structural material to be formed, it can be constructed with a small amount of material used, and the weight of the structure is reduced, which is industrially advantageous. (Reference 1)

  Reference 1 shows an experimental work in which a dome consisting of a reverse catenary curve is shaped using a combination of flat plates, and is introduced as a form of expression that rediscovers beauty and rationality in nature. In addition, the entrance arch designed by Aero Saarinen is an effective structure that can obtain a large-span space without waste of materials as an architecture consisting of inverse catenary curves, and at the same time, an architecture with optimized shape It is explained that it has the beauty of things.

  In Document 2, in the case of a circular arch or a circular dome structure in an arch-shaped or dome-shaped building structure, a force that pushes the arch or dome outward to each part forming the structure (hereinafter referred to as a hoop force). Is said to work. Therefore, it can be said that the fact that only the compressive force acts on each part of the structure is a property peculiar to the inverse catenary curve.

  On the other hand, various methods have been devised for connecting curved surfaces in an arch-shaped or dome-shaped building structure. Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2003-301517 proposes a method of configuring a wall body by arranging an in-plane reinforcing member in a frame surface of a peripheral frame frame formed of a round pipe material. Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2006-322241 discloses a method of connecting a wood shaft member using a joining block and a gap filling member that fills the gap between the both.

  By creating a structural unit consisting of a pair of trapezoidal upright plates facing a square bottom plate without using a connecting member, and then stacking this structural unit so that the square bottom plate forms a curved surface The constructed dome-shaped building structure and its building method are disclosed in Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 2002-227304.

  Japanese Laid-Open Patent Publication No. 2000-319996 discloses a construction method that can efficiently construct a building while ensuring safety and can greatly reduce the construction cost. According to this publication, the unit roof structure is assembled on the support column, the other units are assembled so as to extend in the horizontal direction, and the temporary support column is expanded while sequentially increasing the unit while being supported by the other temporary support column. An arc-shaped dome is constructed. In JP-A-11-280153, a plurality of unit members having a trapezoidal cross-sectional shape are arranged in parallel so that the long side portion of the trapezoid is the outer peripheral portion of the arch and the short side portion is the inner peripheral portion of the arch. Side by side, adjacent units are connected on the long side, and a structure is disclosed in which the connecting portion can freely rotate. In addition, there is also a construction method for building an arched structure by assembling a connection structure with this unit connected, fixing the end and applying force to the other end so that the center of the continuous structure is raised. It is disclosed.

  Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2000-17768 discloses an arch-like or suspended-curved roof structure composed of laminated timber beams, and by incorporating strand material into the laminated timber beams, an arch-shaped roof effectively uses the space under the roof. It is said that the cable can be used for a suspended-curved roof, so that a holding cable is not required, so that the construction method is simplified and the construction cost can be reduced. In the case of a structure having a suspended curve shape, only a tensile force acts mainly on the structural material.

  As described above, most of the conventional techniques are technical disclosures related to arched building structures. In Document 1, a dome-shaped model consisting of a reverse catenary curve is designed with a combination of flat plates. However, there is no description about the design necessary for designing an actual building, only the idea. Patent Documents 1 and 3 disclose a connecting member or a structural unit for constructing an arch structure specifically, but do not mention the superiority of the reverse catenary curve. In Patent Document 2, in a structure in which compressive force acts predominantly in the axial direction of the wood shaft member, when joining the wood shaft member using the joining block, the gap filling member is used to eliminate the gap and reduce the compressive force. Although the structure to transmit is disclosed, only the construction method to fill the gap at the time of construction is described, and in what kind of structure the compressive force acts predominantly in the axial direction of the wooden structure material Is not listed.

JP 2003-301517 A JP 2006-322241 A JP 2002-227304 A JP 2000-319996 A JP 11-280153 A JP 2000-17768 A

Reference 1

www. wakayama-u. ac. jp / ｀ motonari / study02. html

Reference 2

Genius architect Brunelleschi Florence, how the flower dome was built, Ross King / Kikuko Tanabe / Tokyo Books

  An object of the present invention is an arched or dome-shaped building having a shape in which a compressive force mainly acts on a main structural member, and a building composed of a columnar or panel-shaped structural member, and this building It is to provide a connecting material having a standardized shape for rational construction.

As a result of intensive studies, the present inventors have found the present invention. That is, the present invention is as follows.
(1) In an arched or dome-shaped building, the cross-sectional shape in the vertical direction is composed of connected rectangles, and the connecting surfaces of the rectangles include inscribed or circumscribed or inverted catenary curves in the inverse catenary curve, and are adjacent to each other. The building structure characterized in that the inclination of the surface of the matching rectangle is the same as the inclination of the surface perpendicular to the contact surface of the inverse catenary curve at the corresponding position.
(2) In the item (1), the vertical cross-sectional shape is a shape in which rectangles are connected via a triangular or polygonal connecting portion, and the cross-sectional shape is inscribed, circumscribed, or inverse catenary to the inverse catenary curve. A building structure characterized by including a curve.
(3) In the item (2), the rectangular cross section is a cross section of the panel-like structural material constituting the building, and the triangular or polygonal cross section is a cross section of the connecting portion connecting the panels. Building structure to do.
(4) The building structure according to item (2) or (3), wherein all rectangles forming a cross-sectional shape are substantially congruent.
(5) In the connecting material in which the cross-sectional shape of the item (2), (3) or (4) is a triangular shape or a polygonal shape, the inclination of the surface in contact with the rectangle is the vertical cross-sectional shape of the building structure is the reverse catenary curve A connecting portion having a triangular or polygonal cross-sectional shape that is processed so as to include an inscribed, circumscribed, or inverse catenary curve.

  According to the present invention, it is possible to produce a building structure having a simple cross-sectional shape with a rectangular shape, while maintaining the feature that compressive force mainly acts on the main structural member as long as it has a reverse catenary curve. . In addition, by making this rectangle a combination of a standardized structural member and a connecting member, a building structure can be manufactured industrially at a low cost.

The stress correlation figure at the time of approximating a reverse catenary curve by the combination of a linear rod. A structure consisting of a combination of five rectangles (right side only) inscribed in the reverse catenary curve. The inclination of the surface where the adjacent rectangles contact is indicated by a one-dot chain line in the structure 19 and by a two-dot chain line in the structure 20. Sectional drawing of the building structure which takes the structure 19 which combined five rectangles as an example, and consists of a structural material whose cross-sectional shape is a rectangle, and a connection material whose cross-sectional shape is a triangle or a quadrangle. (Maximum value on the vertical scale = 10 m, scale on the horizontal axis (right side = 0 to 5 m) The virtual sectional view at the time of fixing each with the volt | bolt in order to connect the wood panels 25 and 29 with the connection material 28. FIG. An example of a building consisting of wooden panels and wooden connecting materials.

  Hereinafter, the present invention will be described in detail. First, a relational expression for compressive force mainly acting on a structural member in a building structure composed of a combination of straight or panel-shaped structural members will be shown.

FIG. 1 shows the stress correlation when an inverse catenary curve is approximated by a combination of linear rods. In this figure, the conditions that the rod should satisfy when the compression force mainly acts in the axial direction of the rod were obtained. First, the following conditions (1) to (3) were set for the structure obtained by combining the linear lots.
(1) The rod is represented by a rigid line segment, and the rod can freely rotate at the joint point.
(2) The stress acts perpendicularly to the virtual contact surface of the adjacent rod.
(3) The inclination of the contact surface is the inclination of the line segment perpendicular to the tangent to the reverse catenary curve at the position where adjacent rods join.

Under these conditions, a condition was obtained in which the sum of the stress from the rods on both sides acting on each rod and the sum of the moments around the adjacent rod contacts were each zero. The stress acting on the rod 10 at the top of FIG. 1 (considering the two rods as a single unit for convenience of calculation) is the compression force 1 (σ ₁ ), the compression force 3 (σ ₁ ) from the left and right rods, and the rod's own weight 2 ( 2w). Since the stress balance in the y-axis direction can be expressed by Expression (1), σ ₁ is expressed by Expression (2).
2σ ₁ · sinh (x ₁ / H) / (1 + sinh ² (x ₁ / H)) ^1/2 −2w = 0 (1)
(Here, the inverse catenary curve is represented by y = −H ^* cosh (x / H) + V + H, where V is the height of the inverse catenary curve, H is a parameter, σ ₁ is the rod 11 acting on the rod 10 or a symmetrical position. Where w is the unit weight of the rod, and x ₁ is the x coordinate of the inverse calendar curve corresponding to the position where the rod 10 and the rod 11 are in contact.)
σ ₁ = w · (sinh ⁻² (x ₁ / H) +1) ^1/2 (2)

The rod 11 in FIG. 1 is referred to as a first rod, the reaction force from the rod 10 acting on this rod is denoted as σ ₁ , and the stress from the rod 12 is denoted as σ ₂ . The rod 12 is second, and the reaction force and stress acting on the nth rod are denoted as σ _n and σ _{n + 1} , respectively. sigma _n in the y-axis direction of the stress (sigma _{n) y} and x-axis direction of the stress (sigma _{n) x} is represented by respectively formula (3) and (4).
(Σ _n ) _y = nw (3)
(Σ _n ) _x = nwsinh (x _n / H) ⁻¹ (4)
(Where σ _n is the stress at the rod point (x _n , y _n ) (subscripts are the y component and x component, respectively), n is a natural number, w is the unit weight of the rod, and x _n is the point (x _n , x coordinate in y _n ), H is a parameter.)
The stress balance for the n-th rod, that is, the condition that satisfies the equations (σ _n ) _x − (σ _{n + 1} ) _x = 0 and (σ _n ) _y − (σ _{n + 1} ) _y −w = 0 ) When the expression (5) is satisfied, the lengths of the rods constituting the structural dynamic model are equal.
sinh ( _xn / H) / sinh ( _xn-1 / H) = n / (n-1) (5)

Summarizing the above analysis results, it is necessary to satisfy the following conditions (1) and (2) in order to balance the stress for the n-th rod.
wx [- ((2n-1 ) / 2) (x n -x n-1)
+ N (sinh ( _xn / H)) ^- 1H (-cosh ( _xn-1 / H) + cosh ( _xn / H))] (6)
If the moment indicated by 0 is zero, a structurally stable structure is possible, and axial stress mainly acts on the rod. As a result of numerical calculation, it was confirmed that it was substantially zero. From the above analysis, it was proved that the building structure of the present invention satisfies the conditions (1) and (2) when the rectangle constituting the cross-sectional shape of the structural material is regarded as a rod.
(1) The rectangular joint surface is perpendicular to the tangent to the inverse catenary curve at the corresponding joint point.
(2) The lengths of the rectangles constituting the catenary structure are the same.

  The structural mechanical analysis described above does not depend on the number of divisions of the inverse catenary curve, and the same analysis results are obtained even if the number of divisions is changed in an arbitrary section. Therefore, the vertical cross-sectional shape is included in the inverse catenary curve. If a tangent or circumscribed or inverse catenary curve is included, it can be easily deduced that the compressive force acts mainly in the axial direction of the structural material. When this is replaced with a building structure, in an arched or dome-shaped building, the vertical cross-sectional shape is composed of connected rectangles, and the cross-sectional shape of the structure to which the rectangles are connected is an inverted catenary curve. Includes an inscribed, circumscribed, or inverse catenary curve, and the slope of the adjacent rectangular contact surface is the same as the inclination of the surface perpendicular to the contact surface of the inverse catenary curve at the corresponding position. . The simplest example is shown in FIG. In FIG. 2, the structure which consists of a combination of five rectangles about the case where it inscribes to a reverse catenary curve is shown. The inclination of the surface in contact with the rectangle is indicated by a one-dot chain line in the structure 19 and a two-dot chain line in the structure 20.

  The structural member having a rectangular cross-sectional shape is a columnar shape, a panel shape, etc., and the material can be made of prestressed reinforced concrete, steel, wood including laminated wood, etc., but the present invention is limited to these. It is not a thing. These can be applied to the connection methods of the structural members, including the techniques cited in the background section of the present invention. In this case, for each adjacent surface of the structural member having a rectangular cross-sectional shape, the entire cross-sectional shape must be in contact with or include the reverse catenary curve. Depending on the building structure consisting of reverse catenary curves of a predetermined size, it can be made by combining rectangles individually, but it is not very suitable for mass production.

  In the arch-shaped or dome-shaped building of the present invention, the building structure can be a building structure whose vertical cross-sectional shape is a shape in which rectangles are connected via a triangular or polygonal connecting portion. In order to obtain a structure in which the cross-sectional shape includes an inscribed or circumscribed or reverse catenary curve in the inverse catenary curve, the inclination of the surface where the cross-sectional shape is a triangular shape or a polygonal connecting portion contacts the rectangle is important. That is, the inclination of this surface is determined so that the rectangular cross-sectional shape is in contact with or contains the inverse catenary curve. By using this connecting member as a common member and changing the length of the structural member having a rectangular cross-sectional shape connected to both sides, it is possible to construct an arch-like or dome-like building of similar size. FIG. 3 shows a cross-sectional shape of a building structure composed of a structural material having a rectangular cross-sectional shape and a connecting material having a cross-sectional shape of a triangle or a quadrangle, taking as an example a structure 19 in which five rectangles are combined.

  By making the lengths of all the structural members having a rectangular cross-sectional shape the same, mass production becomes possible. Since it is possible to mass-produce stable quality structural materials, it is industrially advantageous. Not only main structural materials of the same size can be used, but also the number of types of connecting materials can be standardized. Specifically, as shown in FIG. 3, the top portion is connected to the structural member 21 having a rectangular cross-sectional shape by a connecting member 23 having a triangular cross-sectional shape, and the other connecting members have a quadrangular cross-sectional shape. 3 is a structure 19 in which the five rectangles of FIG. 2 are combined. Adjacent portions of this rectangle are cut at right angles and divided into rectangles 21 or 22, triangles 23, and rectangles 24. By dividing a rectangular structural member into a member with a rectangular cross-sectional shape and a connecting material, it is possible to change the length of a structural member with a rectangular cross-sectional shape without changing the shape of the connecting material. You can change that.

  As the structural material having a rectangular cross-sectional shape, a columnar or panel-shaped structural material can be suitably used, but a panel-shaped structural material is desirable from the viewpoint of efficiently covering a large area. The connecting member having a triangular or quadrangular cross-sectional shape has a predetermined length in the horizontal direction and has a structure that allows the panels to be connected efficiently. It is desirable that both the panel and the connecting material are processed into a predetermined shape before assembling the building structure. As the material of the panel-like structural material and the connecting material, prestressed reinforced concrete, steel, and wood including laminated material can be applied, but the present invention is not limited to these.

  Although the specific example which connects the structural material whose cross-sectional shape is a rectangle is shown, this invention is not limited to these. If the structural material is a steel material, welding, a high-strength bolt, or a method of using it together, and a prestressed concrete material, a laminated material, or a wood panel, an adhesive, a fitting, a bolt connection, or a method of using them together. If necessary, it can be reinforced with a strand material or the like. Further, according to Patent Document 5, the joint portion that becomes the outer side of the arch-like structure can be freely rotated, and a rectangular structure material is combined on a horizontal ground to form a connection structure, and then the end of the connection structure is fixed. By applying a force to the other end and lifting the central part of the continuous structure so as to be raised, the arched building structure of the present invention can be produced without preparing a scaffold.

  For connecting materials with a triangular or polygonal cross-sectional shape, the slope of the surface in contact with the rectangle is adjusted so that the cross-sectional shape of the entire structure includes the inscribed or circumscribed or inverse catenary curve in the inverse catenary curve Is the most important and is a feature of the present invention. An example of the cross-sectional structure of the connecting material is shown in FIG. FIG. 4 is an imaginary cross-sectional view when the wood panels 25 and 29 are connected with the connecting material 28 and are fixed with bolts. The surface of the wood panel 25 has a convex portion 26, and the connecting material side has a concave portion 27 at a corresponding position, thereby preventing a positional shift. The connection material illustrated in FIG. 4 corresponds to the third connection material 24 from the top on the right side in the building structure including the left and right panels shown in FIG.

  The example of the building which consists of a wooden panel and a wooden connection material by this invention is shown in FIG. As the types of wooden panels, if standardized to walls or roof panels and panels with windows, etc., and connecting materials are unified into six types as shown in FIG. 3, a wooden building is made with fewer types of members. be able to. In addition, because the compressive force mainly acts on the structural material that constitutes the roof and the outer wall, it can be built with less material if considering that wood is generally vulnerable to bending and shearing, so it is manufactured at a low cost. This is industrially advantageous. Since it can be easily constructed, it is ideal as a building structure to provide a comfortable place to live such as a villa or a weekend house.

1 …… Stress (σ ₁ ) acting on the rod 10,
2 …… Gravity of rod 10 (2w),
3 ... Stress (σ ₁ ) acting on the rod 10,
4 ... Stress acting on the rod 11 (reaction force from the rod 10, σ ₁ ),
5: Gravity (w) of rod 11
6: Stress (σ ₂ ) acting on the rod 11,
7: Stress acting on the rod 12 (reaction force from the rod 11, σ ₂ )
8: Gravity (w) of the rod 12,
9: Stress acting on the rod 12 (σ ₃ ),
10 …… Top (top) rod (self-weight = 2w),
11 …… The first rod from the top when the top is 0th,
12 ... The second rod from the top,
13: Tilt of contact surface between rod 10 and rod 11,
14: The inclination of the contact surface between the rod 11 and the rod 12,
15: Tilt of the contact surface between the rod 12 and the fourth from the top,
16: Contact points (x ₁ , y ₁ ) between the rod 10 and the rod 11,
17... Contact (x ₂ , y ₂ ) between the rod 11 and the rod 12
18... Contact (x ₃ , y ₃ ) between the rod 12 and the fourth from the top,
19: Structure consisting of a combination of five rods inscribed in the reverse catenary curve (height 9m, width 9m),
20. Structure consisting of a combination of five rods inscribed in the reverse catenary curve (height 9m, width 12.6m),
21 ...... The top (top) cross-sectional shape of a rectangular wooden panel (left),
22 ... The top (top) cross-sectional shape of a rectangular wooden panel (right),
23 …… Connecting material made of wood (cross-sectional shape is triangular),
24 …… wooden connecting material (cross-sectional shape is square),
25 …… Wood panel 26 …… Wood panel projection 27 …… Wood connection material recess 28 …… Wood connection material 29 …… Wood panel

Claims (5)

  In an arched or dome-shaped building, the vertical cross-sectional shape is composed of connected rectangles, the connecting surfaces of the rectangles include inscribed or circumscribed or inverted catenary curves in the inverse catenary curve, A building structure characterized in that the inclination of the tangent surface is the same as the inclination of the surface perpendicular to the tangent surface of the inverse catenary curve at the corresponding position.   In Claim 1, the vertical cross-sectional shape is a shape in which rectangles are connected via a triangular or polygonal connecting portion, and the cross-sectional shape includes an inscribed, circumscribed, or inverted catenary curve in the inverse catenary curve. A building structure characterized by   3. The building structure according to claim 2, wherein the rectangular cross section is a cross section of a panel-like structural material constituting the building, and the triangular or polygonal cross section is a cross section of a connecting portion connecting the panels.   4. The building structure according to claim 2, wherein all the rectangles forming the cross-sectional shape are substantially congruent.   5. A connecting member having a triangular or polygonal cross-sectional shape according to claim 2, 3 or 4, wherein the inclination of the surface in contact with the rectangle is such that the vertical cross-sectional shape of the building structure is inscribed or circumscribed or reversed to the reverse catenary curve. A connecting portion having a triangular or polygonal cross-sectional shape that is processed so as to include a catenary curve.

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