JP2010203896A - Abrasion testing method and abrasion testing equipment - Google Patents

Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide an abrasion testing method for predicting an abrasion place in a short period of time even in the case where the concentration of the powder in a fluid gas is low, and for observing abrasion resistant characteristics even in the complicated shape and arrangement of an actual machine. <P>SOLUTION: In evaluating the abrasion resistant characteristics of the actual machine exposed to a powder containing fluid gas environment, a powder slurry is applied to the surface of the actual machine or a test object simulating the actual machine and the coated surface is dried to form a powder layer. The actual machine or the test object to which the powder layer is formed is exposed to the fluid gas environment to observe the peel place of the powder layer formed on the surface of the actual machine or the test object. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2010,JPO&INPIT

Description

  The present invention relates to a wear test method and a wear test apparatus for observing wear resistance characteristics of an actual machine exposed to a fluid gas environment containing powder.

  In general, actual machines that are exposed to a fluid gas environment containing powders are required to have wear resistance characteristics against fluid gases containing powder in addition to mechanical strength. It is desirable to know.

  Conventionally, as a method and apparatus for testing the wear resistance characteristics of these actual machines, for example, powder from a powder supply source accelerated by weight drop or compressed air is applied to a test piece installed at a predetermined position for a predetermined time. A method and an apparatus for testing the wear resistance characteristics of a test piece, that is, an actual machine by measuring the weight of the test piece after the collision, the wear depth of the surface, and the like are generally used (see, for example, Patent Document 1).

JP-A-8-62114

  However, the conventional test method and test apparatus have a problem that the wear resistance characteristics cannot be observed in an actual machine environment. That is, when the powder concentration in the fluid gas is thin, the powder is small, or the fluid gas is slow, the test piece does not wear and the wear resistance characteristics cannot be observed. Even when the specimen wears, considerable test time is required to test the wear resistance characteristics.

  Further, the actual machine is not exposed to a uniform wear environment with respect to the fluid gas, and tends to wear only at a specific location. That is, there are a part that is easily worn and a part that is not easily worn due to the influence of the shape / arrangement of the material (for example, an array group of boilers).

  However, in the conventional test method and test apparatus, since the wear resistance characteristic is tested using the test piece, there is a problem that the influence of the shape and arrangement of the material on the wear resistance characteristic cannot be grasped.

  Therefore, the object of the present invention is to be able to predict wear points in a short time even when the powder concentration in the fluid gas is thin, and wear resistance characteristics even in complex shapes and arrangements such as actual machines. It is an object of the present invention to provide a wear test method and a wear test apparatus capable of observing the above.

  The present invention was devised in order to achieve the above-mentioned object, and the invention of claim 1 relates to an actual machine or an actual machine when evaluating the wear resistance characteristics of an actual machine exposed to a fluid gas environment containing powder. A powder slurry was applied to the surface of the simulated specimen and then dried to form a powder layer. The actual machine or specimen on which the powder layer was formed was exposed to the fluid gas environment and formed on the actual machine or specimen surface. This is a wear test method for observing the peeled off part of the powder layer.

  According to a second aspect of the present invention, in the powder slurry, the powder selected from soil, clay, silt, mud, wheat flour, lime, abrasive powder, alumina, calcium carbonate, and calcium sulfate is diluted with water. This is a wear test method.

  According to a third aspect of the present invention, the average particle diameter d1 of the powder of the powder slurry is smaller than the average particle diameter d2 of the powder when the average particle diameter of the powder in the fluid gas is d2. The wear test method according to 1 or 2.

  According to a fourth aspect of the present invention, the test body comprises a heat exchanger model formed of a vinyl chloride resin, a powder slurry is applied to the surface of the model and dried, and then the fluid gas containing coal ash is supplied to the model. The wear test method according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the peeled portion is flowed through the surface and observed.

  According to a fifth aspect of the present invention, in a wear test apparatus for evaluating the wear resistance characteristics of an actual machine exposed to a fluid gas environment containing powder, a powder layer is formed by applying a powder slurry to the surface and then drying. A wear test comprising a casing in which an actual machine or a test body is installed, and a fluid gas supply means provided on the upstream side of the casing for distributing and flowing a fluid gas containing powder uniformly in the casing. Device.

  According to the present invention, even when the powder concentration in the fluid gas is low, the wear location can be predicted in a short time, and the wear resistance characteristics can be observed even in complex shapes and arrangements of actual machines. can do.

FIG. 1 (a) is a schematic side sectional view showing an example of a wear test apparatus used for a heat test of a heat exchanger, and FIG. 1 (b) is a schematic front view thereof. c) is the schematic of the heat exchanger tube which comprises a heat exchanger.

  Preferred embodiments of the present invention will be described below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

  When the wear test method according to the present embodiment evaluates the wear resistance characteristics of an actual machine that is exposed to a fluid gas environment containing powder, the surface of the test body imitating the actual machine (we want to evaluate the wear resistance characteristics in the actual machine). A method of observing the peeled part of the powder layer formed on the surface of the specimen by exposing the specimen on which the powder layer is formed to a fluid gas environment after applying a powder slurry to the place and drying it. It is.

  Examples of actual machines to be evaluated include gas turbine blades, fan blades, impellers, propellers, cyclones, sandblast nozzles, heat exchangers, and the like. As a test body, a test body simulating these actual machines can be used.

  The powder slurry is obtained by diluting a powder selected from soil, clay, silt, mud, wheat flour, lime, abrasive powder, alumina, calcium carbonate, and calcium sulfate with water. In addition to this, any material that can be uniformly applied to a test body and that is easily peeled off when dried can be used as a powder.

  When diluting the powder with water, it is preferable to adjust the dilution ratio so that it can be uniformly applied to the specimens according to the material and shape of the specimens.

  The average particle diameter d1 of the powder of the powder slurry is preferably smaller than the average particle diameter d2 of the powder, where d2 is the average particle diameter of the powder in the fluid gas. This is because when the average particle diameter d1 of the powder of the powder slurry is larger than the average particle diameter d2 of the powder in the fluid gas, the powder in the fluid gas is exposed to the test body when the test body is exposed to the fluid gas environment. This is because a slight unevenness between the powder particles of the surface powder layer is deposited, making it difficult to accurately evaluate the wear resistance.

  When applying the powder slurry to the surface of the test body, it is preferable to apply it as uniformly as possible. This is also for accurate evaluation of wear resistance.

  Various methods can be used for applying the powder slurry, and the method is not particularly limited. For example, the powder slurry may be sprayed with an air brush, or the test specimen may be immersed in the powder slurry.

  Next, the operation of the wear test method according to the present embodiment will be described.

  After the powder layer is formed on the surface of the test body, when the test body is exposed to the fluid gas environment in the same arrangement as the actual machine, the powder layer on the surface of the test body is peeled off by the collision of the powder in the fluid gas. Since the powder applied to the specimen is easily peeled as described above, the powder is peeled off in a short time when the fluid gas containing the powder collides.

  Therefore, by observing the peeling part of this powder layer, the wear part actually observed over several years can be observed in several hours.

  In addition, it is easy to peel off the powder layer on the surface of the test specimen even in environments where it was difficult to observe in the past, such as when the powder concentration in the fluid gas is thin, the powder is small, or the fluid gas is slow. can do.

  Furthermore, according to the present invention, the wear location can be observed using a test specimen that mimics an actual machine without using a test piece as in the prior art, so the influence on the wear resistance characteristics of complex shapes and arrangements can be grasped. can do.

  In addition, by observing the peeling part of the specimen every predetermined time, it is possible to grasp the part that is easy to wear (= the part where the powder layer is easy to peel off) and the part that is difficult to wear (= the part where the powder layer is difficult to peel off). .

  In short, according to the wear test method according to the present embodiment, a powder slurry is applied to the surface of a test body that simulates an actual machine and then dried to form a powder layer on the surface of the test body. The formed specimen is exposed to a fluid gas environment, and the powder layer formed on the specimen surface is observed to observe the peeled off part. Even if the powder concentration in the fluid gas is low, the specimen is formed on the specimen. The wear layer can be predicted in a short time because the powder layer is peeled off, and observations can be made using a specimen that simulates the actual machine, so wear resistance characteristics can be evaluated even with the same complex shape and arrangement as the actual machine. can do.

  In the present invention, the powder slurry is a powder selected from soil, clay, silt, mud, wheat flour, lime, abrasive powder, alumina, calcium carbonate, and calcium sulfate, so that it can be uniformly applied to the surface of the specimen. Moreover, when it dries, it peels moderately and can perform accurate evaluation of an abrasion resistance characteristic.

  By setting the average particle diameter d1 of the powder of this powder slurry to be smaller than the average particle diameter d2 of the powder when the average particle diameter of the powder in the fluid gas is d2, the distance between the powder particles applied to the specimen is measured. It is possible to prevent the powder in the fluid gas from being deposited on the slight unevenness. This makes it possible to accurately evaluate wear resistance characteristics.

  In the above-described embodiment, the test specimen simulating an actual machine was used to observe the peeling of the powder layer formed on the surface. However, the powder layer may be formed on the surface of the actual machine itself, and the peeling may be observed. . Also in this case, the wear part can be predicted in a short time.

  Next, the case of evaluating the wear resistance characteristics of the heat exchanger will be described together with the wear test apparatus of the present invention used for the evaluation.

  FIG. 1 (a) is a schematic side sectional view showing an example of the wear test apparatus of the present invention used for the wear test of a heat exchanger, and FIG. 1 (b) is a schematic front view thereof. FIG.1 (c) is the schematic of the heat exchanger tube which comprises a heat exchanger.

  The wear test apparatus of the present invention used for the wear test will be described with reference to FIGS. 1A and 1B together with its operation.

  The wear test apparatus 10 of the present invention is an apparatus for evaluating a wear resistance characteristic of an actual machine by exposing a test body 12 simulating an actual machine installed in a casing 11 to a fluid gas environment similar to that of the actual machine.

  First, as a test body 12, a heat exchanger model is prepared in which heat transfer tube models 13 formed of vinyl chloride resin are arranged at a certain interval as shown in FIG. In addition to this, a heat exchanger model in which heat transfer tubes having expansion fins of various shapes are arranged, or an actual machine can be used.

  Since the vinyl chloride resin has a large water repellency and it is difficult to apply a powder slurry, it is preferable to use a metal rust preventive or the like as a base or scratch the surface with a file.

  As a fluid gas environment to which the heat exchanger is exposed, for example, there is a fluid gas environment containing coal ash. When it is desired to evaluate the wear resistance in a fluid gas environment containing coal ash, the average particle size of coal ash is as small as 50 μm, so it is better to use abrasive powder with an average particle size of less than 50 μm as the powder slurry. .

  Abrasive powder is diluted with water to produce a powder slurry, which is uniformly applied to the surface of each heat transfer tube model 13 of the test body 12 and dried.

  The casing 11 in which the test body 12 is installed mainly includes an installation duct 11a in which the test body 12 is installed, and an upper run-up duct 16 and a particle distribution duct 17 are connected to the upstream side of the installation duct 11a via a flange F. Are sequentially connected, and a lower auxiliary duct 18 and an exhaust duct 19 are sequentially connected to the downstream side of the installation duct 11a via a flange F.

  A lid 11b is attached to the installation duct 11a so that each heat transfer tube model 13 of the test body 12 can be easily installed or removed.

The fluid gas supply means _GIN is connected to the ash distribution pipe 20 provided in the particle distribution duct 17, and a powder supply line 21 connected to the ash distribution pipe 20 to air-feed powder (here, abrasive powder). It is connected to the ash distribution pipe 20 via a ball valve 23, and includes an introduction pipe 22 for introducing air as a fluid gas.

This fluid gas supply means G _IN supplies powder by supplying desired powder from the powder supply line 21 to the ash distribution pipe 20 and simultaneously supplying air from the introduction pipe 22 to the ash distribution pipe 20. A fluid gas is flowed to the specimen 12.

  The inside of the upper run-up duct 16 has a honeycomb structure so that the fluid gas containing powder flows uniformly to the test body 12 in the installation duct 11a. Further, in order to prevent the fluid gas from drifting by the exhaust duct 19, the lower auxiliary duct 18 may have a honeycomb structure inside.

  A bag filter 24 for collecting / removing powder in the fluid gas is connected to the exhaust duct 19 so that the powder does not flow outside.

  By using the wear test apparatus 10 having such a structure, the actual fluid gas environment can be simulated.

  In order to evaluate the wear resistance characteristics of the heat exchanger using the wear test apparatus 10, the ash distribution pipe 20 is supplied with a desired concentration from the powder supply line 21 in order to expose the test body 12 to the same gas environment as the actual machine. The powder is supplied and air is introduced from the introduction pipe 22 and the flow rate of the fluid gas is changed as appropriate by imitating the actual machine. Exposure to fluid gas environment.

  At this time, the powder contained in the fluid gas is in contact with the surface of each heat transfer tube model 13 of the test body 12 and flows while cutting the powder layer formed on the surface of each heat transfer tube model 13. The fluid gas powder is peeled off from the portion where more contact is made.

  This peeling point can be regarded as a wear point in an actual machine, and a wear point actually observed over several years can be confirmed in a few hours.

  After the test body 12 is exposed to the fluid gas environment for a predetermined time, for example, 2 hours, the flow of the fluid gas is stopped, and each heat transfer tube model 13 of the test body 12 is taken out from the installation duct 11a. The place can be observed.

  In addition, each heat transfer tube model 13 of the test body 12 in which the peeled portion is observed is placed again in the installation duct 11a, and is exposed to a fluid gas environment by flowing a fluid gas, so that the heat transfer tube model 13 of the test body 12 is peeled off. Wear resistance characteristics such as which part is easy to wear and which part is hard to wear by observing at every predetermined time, for example, after 4 hours and after 8 hours, and observing the change of wear part over time. Can be grasped.

  In short, according to the wear test apparatus 10 of the present invention, by flowing a fluid gas containing powder to the test body 12 and exposing it to a fluid gas environment similar to that of an actual machine, by observing the peeling part of the powder layer, The wear point of the actual machine can be confirmed in a short time, and the wear resistance characteristic of the actual machine can be evaluated by observing the peeled part of the powder layer over time.

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 10 Abrasion test apparatus 11 Casing 12 Specimen 13 Heat transfer tube model 16 Upper run-up duct 17 Particle distribution duct 18 Lower run-up duct 19 Exhaust duct 20 Ash distribution pipe 21 Powder supply line 22 Introduction pipe 23 Ball valve 24 Bag filter G _IN fluid gas Supply means

Claims (5)

  When evaluating the wear resistance characteristics of an actual machine that is exposed to a fluid gas environment containing powder, a powder slurry is applied to the surface of the actual machine or a test specimen that simulates the actual machine and then dried to form a powder layer. A wear test method characterized by observing a peeling portion of a powder layer formed on the surface of an actual machine or a test body by exposing the actual machine or the test body on which the powder layer is formed to the fluid gas environment.   The abrasion test method according to claim 1, wherein the powder slurry is obtained by diluting a powder selected from soil, clay, silt, mud, wheat flour, lime, abrasive powder, alumina, calcium carbonate, and calcium sulfate with water.   The wear according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the average particle diameter d1 of the powder of the powder slurry is smaller than the average particle diameter d2 of the powder when the average particle diameter of the powder in the fluid gas is d2. Test method.   The test specimen consists of a model of a heat exchanger made of vinyl chloride resin. A powder slurry is applied to the surface of the model and dried, and then a flue gas containing coal ash is flowed through the model to observe the peeling location. The wear test method according to any one of claims 1 to 3.   In a wear test device for evaluating the wear resistance characteristics of an actual machine exposed to a fluid gas environment containing powder, an actual machine or test body in which a powder layer is formed by applying a powder slurry to the surface and then drying is installed. A wear test apparatus, comprising: a casing, and a fluid gas supply means provided on the upstream side of the casing for distributing and flowing a fluid gas containing powder uniformly in the casing.

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