JP2010196241A - Device for producing paper-formed body, method for producing the same and paper-formed body - Google Patents

Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a method for producing formed bodies of paper that can produce seamless formed bodies of paper of a cylindrical form. <P>SOLUTION: The device for producing paper-formed body is constituted to make paper by utilizing the side peripheral face of a cylindrically formed net by feeding a solution dispersing a paper raw material from a paper raw material feeding mean to the side peripheral face of the net in cylindrical form. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2010,JPO&amp;INPIT

Description

The present invention relates to a paper molded body manufacturing apparatus, a paper molded body manufacturing method, and a paper molded body, and in particular, a paper molded body for manufacturing a cylindrical paper molded body having a seamless cylindrical shape and various other cross-sectional shapes. The present invention relates to a manufacturing apparatus, a paper molded body manufacturing method for manufacturing such a paper molded body, and a paper molded body.

As a method for manufacturing a paper molded body, for example, a method as shown in FIG. 8 has already been proposed.

In this method, a plurality of string-like members 102 having a fluffy surface are arranged on the surface of a prototype 101 made of a destructible material and having a desired three-dimensional shape. The paper stock solution containing the material is attached, the string-like member 102 and the plant fiber 103 are dried, and the original 101 is broken and taken out from the inside of the Japanese paper molded body.

Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 05-156594 (2nd to 3rd pages, FIG. 1)

  Moreover, when manufacturing something like “Dharma”, there is an outer screen paper making method. In this method, first, a pair of molding dies formed by molding a half part of a Dharma shape (when a pair of molded bodies are closed, a recess having a Dharma outer shape is formed therein. ). The pair of molds are provided with a stock liquid injection pipe and a stock liquid discharge pipe. The pair of molds are closed, and the pair of molds are closed from the stock liquid injection pipe. The stock liquid can be poured into the pair of molding dies, or the stock liquid injected into the pair of molding dies in a closed state can be discharged from the stock liquid discharge pipe.

Next, after attaching a net to the inside of each of the pair of molds so as to extend along the recesses of the mold, the pair of molds is closed.

Next, the stock liquid is poured into the space between the pair of molds and the net that are in a closed state, the liquid stock is sucked and discharged from the inside of the net, and the net attached to the pair of molds. After the stock liquid is adhered to the surface of the paper and dried, a pair of molds are opened to take out a paper dharma.

However, since the cylindrical shaped paper molded body can be produced by bonding a part of each of the opposite sides of the quadrilateral paper, the method for producing the paper molded body as described above, or the outer screen split papermaking As far as the inventors of the present invention are aware, no contrivance on the manufacturing method such as the method is made in the manufacturing method of a cylindrical paper-shaped article.

In addition, although the cylindrical paper-shaped article can be produced by pasting a part of each of the opposite sides of the square paper, the cylindrical-shaped paper molded article produced in this way For example, when used as an umbrella for a lighting device such as a lamp shade, there is a problem that when the lamp is turned on, the bonded portion looks different from other portions, so that it does not look good. A technique for easily producing a cylindrical paper-molded body having been desired for many years has been desired.

In addition, for example, there is a demand for tubular seamless paper molded bodies of various shapes made of paper as umbrellas, figurines, interiors, ornaments, etc. of lighting equipment such as lamp shades.

The present invention has been made to solve the above-described problems, and is a method for manufacturing a paper molded body suitable for manufacturing a cylindrical paper molded body having a seamless cylindrical shape and various other cross-sectional shapes. It is an object to provide an apparatus, a method for producing such a paper molded body, and a paper molded body.

  The paper molded body manufacturing apparatus according to claim 1 supplies a solution in which a paper raw material is dispersed to a side peripheral surface of a cylindrical net from a paper raw material supply means, and uses the side peripheral surface of the cylindrical net. I made paper.

The term “side peripheral surface” used in this specification includes both the inner surface and the outer surface of the side peripheral surface.

According to a second aspect of the present invention, there is provided a paper molded body manufacturing apparatus comprising: a rotation driving unit; a pair of rotation rollers that are rotatable by the rotation driving unit; and a pair of rotation rollers on a pair of rotation rollers. A pressing member provided at a distance and a paper raw material supply means for supplying a solution in which paper raw materials are dispersed are provided. A cylindrical net is placed on the pair of rotating rollers, and the pair of rotating rollers. The cylindrical net placed on the upper side is pressed from above by the pressing member, the rotation driving means is driven, and the pair of rotating rollers are rotated, so that the cylindrical net is rotated, and the paper raw material supply means A solution in which a paper raw material was dispersed was supplied to the side peripheral surface of the shape net, and paper was made using the side peripheral surface of the cylindrical net.

The paper molded body manufacturing apparatus according to claim 3 protrudes outward of each of both end portions of the side peripheral surface of the cylindrical net of the paper molded body manufacturing apparatus according to claim 2. When a ring body is provided, a rotating roller portion is provided at each of both ends of the pressing member, and the cylindrical net is placed on the pair of rotating rollers, each of the both end portions of the side circumferential surface of the cylindrical net The outer surface of the side circumferential surface of the ring body provided so as to protrude outward is in contact with the outer surface of each side circumferential surface of the pair of rotating rollers, and is mounted on the pair of rotating rollers. When the placed cylindrical mesh is pressed from above by a pressing member, the outer periphery of the ring body provided to protrude outwardly from each end of the side circumferential surface of the cylindrical mesh. The surface is in contact with the outer surface of each side peripheral surface of the rotating roller portion provided at each of both end portions of the pressing member. Was Unishi.

According to a fourth aspect of the present invention, there is provided the paper molded body manufacturing apparatus according to claim 2 or 3, wherein the paper molded body manufacturing apparatus has a conical shape so as to protrude from one end portion of the side peripheral surface of the cylindrical net. A paper raw material receiving section for receiving a paper material-dispersed solution having a trapezoidal shape or a substantially truncated cone shape is provided, and a paper raw material receiving a paper material-dispersed solution having a frustoconical shape or a substantially truncated cone shape from a paper raw material supply means. A solution in which paper raw material is dispersed is supplied on the inner surface of the receiving portion, and a solution in which paper raw material is dispersed is supplied on the inner surface of the side surface of the cylindrical mesh. Paper was made on the inner surface.

The paper molded body manufacturing apparatus according to claim 5 is in contact with the outer surface of the side peripheral surface of the cylindrical net of the paper molded body manufacturing apparatus according to any of claims 2 to 4, or It has a water absorption means provided so that it may adjoin.

In the method for manufacturing a paper molded body according to claim 6, paper is made by the side peripheral surface of a cylindrical net.

The method for producing a paper molded body according to claim 7 is the same as the method for producing a paper molded body according to claim 6, wherein the cylindrical mesh is rotated when paper is made by the side surface of the cylindrical mesh. Then, a solution in which paper raw materials are dispersed is supplied onto the inner surface of the side surface of the rotating cylindrical net, and paper is made on the inner surface of the side surface of the cylindrical net. .

The paper molded body according to claim 8 is seamless and has a cylindrical shape.

Here, the term “seamless” used in the present specification means that the paper molded body does not have a joint or a joining surface for forming a cylindrical shape.

In the paper molded body manufacturing apparatus according to claim 1, since the net is formed into a cylindrical shape and paper is made using the side peripheral surface of the cylindrical net, seamless cylindrical paper molding is performed. The body can be manufactured.

In the paper molded body manufacturing apparatus according to claim 2, since the net is formed into a cylindrical shape and paper is made using the side peripheral surface of the cylindrical net, the paper according to claim 1 is used. A seamless cylindrical paper molded body can be manufactured in the same manner as the molded body manufacturing apparatus.

Also, with this paper molded body manufacturing device, when paper is made, a cylindrical mesh is rotated, and a solution in which paper raw materials are dispersed is supplied onto the inner surface of the rotating cylindrical mesh. If it does so, manufacture of a cylindrical paper molding can be performed efficiently by cooperation of centrifugal force and gravity.

In addition, when a paper molding is made on the inner surface of the side surface of the cylindrical mesh, the paper molding made on the inner surface of the side surface of the cylindrical mesh shrinks when dried. Then, since it peels off from the inner surface of the side surface of the cylindrical mesh, or easily peels off, from the inner surface of the side surface of the cylindrical mesh, if this paper molded body manufacturing apparatus is used, The operation of peeling off the paper molded body made on the inner surface of the side surface of the cylindrical net is unnecessary or easy. That is, if this paper molded body manufacturing apparatus is used, a seamless cylindrical paper molded body can be easily manufactured.

In the paper molded body manufacturing apparatus according to claim 3, a ring body is provided so as to protrude outward from each of both end portions of the side circumferential surface of the cylindrical mesh, and the pair of ring bodies is a pair of ring bodies. The rotating roller and the pressing member are in contact with the rotating roller portions provided at both ends, and the cylindrical net itself is not in contact with the pair of rotating rollers and the pressing member. Thereby, if this paper molded body manufacturing apparatus is used, paper can be made using a cylindrical net without being affected by a pair of rotating rollers and pressing members, so there is no influence of disturbance. A high-quality paper molding can be manufactured.

In the paper molded body manufacturing apparatus according to claim 4, instead of directly supplying a solution in which the paper raw material is dispersed on the inner surface of the side surface of the cylindrical net for making paper, A paper raw material receiving part is provided at one end of the side peripheral surface of the cylindrical net, and a solution in which the paper raw material is dispersed is supplied from the paper raw material supply means to the paper raw material receiving part. Since the solution in which the paper raw material is dispersed is supplied onto the inner surface of the side surface of the shape net, the paper being produced on the inner surface of the side surface of the cylindrical shape net is directly The solution in which the paper raw material is dispersed is not dripped.

As a result, if this paper molded body manufacturing apparatus is used, a solution in which the paper raw material is dispersed directly from the paper raw material supply means onto the paper being produced on the inner surface of the side surface of the cylindrical net. In this case, it is possible to produce a high-quality paper molded body having no trace caused by the solution of the paper raw material dispersed in the paper remaining from the paper raw material supply means directly hanging on the paper.

In the paper molded body manufacturing apparatus according to claim 5, since the water absorbing means is provided so as to come into contact with or close to the outer surface of the side circumferential surface of the cylindrical mesh, the cylindrical mesh is used. When paper is made, the separation of water is performed in addition to the cooperation between centrifugal force and gravity, and the water absorption force of the water absorption means is also used, so that a cylindrical paper molded body can be produced efficiently.

Also, when making paper using this paper molded body manufacturing apparatus, a cylindrical jig is rotated, and cylinders having various cross-sectional shapes are provided inside the rotating cylindrical jig. If a solution in which paper raw materials are dispersed is supplied onto the inner surface of a mesh-like net, it is possible to efficiently produce cylindrical paper moldings having various cross-sectional shapes by cooperation of centrifugal force and gravity. Can do well.

In the method for producing a paper molded body according to claim 6, since paper is made using a cylindrical net, if the paper is made using the side peripheral surface, the shape of the net is supported. The cylindrical paper can be manufactured in a seamless state.

In the method for producing a paper molded body according to claim 7, when paper is made, a cylindrical mesh is rotated, and a solution in which the paper raw material is dispersed on the inner surface of the rotating cylindrical mesh. Since the paper is made on the inner surface of the side circumferential surface of the cylindrical net by supplying and cooperating with the centrifugal force and gravity, the cylindrical paper molded body can be manufactured efficiently.

In addition, the paper molded body made on the inner surface of the side surface of the cylindrical mesh is shrunk when dried, so that it easily peels off from the inner surface of the side surface of the cylindrical mesh. Using this method of manufacturing a paper molded body, there is no need to peel off the paper molded body made on the inner surface of the side surface of the cylindrical mesh from the inner surface of the side surface of the cylindrical mesh. Or it becomes easy. That is, if this paper molded body manufacturing method is used, a seamless cylindrical paper molded body can be easily manufactured.

The paper molded body according to claim 8 is seamless when the cylindrical paper molded body is used, for example, when the lamp is turned on when used as an umbrella of a lighting device such as a lamp shade. Because the part does not look different from other parts, it looks good.

It is a perspective view which shows roughly an example of the manufacturing apparatus of the paper molded object which concerns on this invention. It is a front view which shows schematically the manufacturing apparatus of the paper molded object shown in FIG. It is a side view which shows roughly the manufacturing apparatus of the paper molded object shown in FIG. It is a block diagram which shows typically an example of the apparatus which provided the water absorption means in the manufacturing apparatus of the paper molded object shown in FIG. FIG. 5 is a configuration diagram schematically illustrating an example of an apparatus in which a water-absorbing unit different from the water-absorbing unit in FIG. 4 is provided in the paper molded body manufacturing apparatus illustrated in FIG. 1, and FIG. 5 (b) is an exploded perspective view. FIG. 6A is a diagram exemplarily showing a net used when producing a seamless paper molded body having various cross-sectional shapes, and FIG. 6A is a seamless cylindrical shape having various cross-sectional shapes. FIG. 6B is a front view schematically showing an example of a net used when manufacturing a paper molded body having a shape, with a part thereof cut away, and FIG. 6B is a net shown in FIG. It is typical sectional drawing which follows the AA line. It is a perspective view which shows other examples of the cylindrical jig | tool used by this invention exemplarily. It is a figure which shows schematically the manufacturing method of the conventional paper molded object.

Hereinafter, an example of a paper molded body manufacturing apparatus and a paper molded body manufacturing method according to the present invention will be described in more detail with reference to the drawings.
Embodiment 1 of the Invention
Here, a paper molded body manufacturing apparatus for manufacturing a seamless cylindrical paper molded body and a method for manufacturing such a paper molded body will be described.

  FIG. 1 is a perspective view schematically showing an example of a paper molded body manufacturing apparatus according to the present invention, and FIG. 2 is a front view schematically showing the paper molded body manufacturing apparatus shown in FIG. FIG. 3 is a side view schematically showing the paper molded body manufacturing apparatus shown in FIG.

The paper molded body manufacturing apparatus 1 includes a rotation drive unit 2, a pair of rotation rollers 3 and 3 which are rotatable by the rotation drive unit 2, and a pair of rotation rollers on the pair of rotation rollers 3 and 3. 3, a pressing member 4 provided at a predetermined distance from 3 and 3, and a paper raw material supply means 5 for supplying a solution in which the paper raw material is dispersed.

1, 2, and 3, a member indicated by F indicates a frame member that supports the rotation driving means 2, the pair of rotating rollers 3 and 3, and the pressing member 4, and B indicates a paper The base which provides the manufacturing apparatus 1 of a molded object on it is shown.

In FIG. 1, the paper raw material supply means 5 is schematically illustrated using an imaginary line.

2 and 3, the illustration of the paper raw material supply means 5 is omitted.

The rotation drive unit 2 includes a rotation drive source 2 a and a belt unit 2 b that transmits the power of the rotation drive source 2 a to the rotation roller 3.

For example, an electric motor is used as the rotational drive source 2a.

In this example, one of the pair of rotating rollers 3 and 3 is configured to receive and drive power from the rotational drive source 2a, and the other is power-free.

In this example, the rotation driving means 2a is configured such that its rotation shaft can be rotated in the forward direction or the reverse direction by a rotation direction selection means (not shown).

1, 2, and 3, a member device 6 indicates a cylindrical net 6 that is used when manufacturing (making paper) a cylindrical paper molded body.

In this example, the cylindrical mesh 6 is provided with ring bodies R6a and R6b so as to protrude outward from both end portions e6 and e6 of the side circumferential surface of the cylindrical mesh 6. .

The ring body R6a includes a cylindrical portion Pa and a bottom surface Pb shown in FIG. A hole h shown in FIG. 3 is formed in the bottom surface Pb.

The hole h is such that the diameter of the hole h is Dh and the diameter of the cylindrical mesh 6 is D6 so that the relationship D6> Dh is satisfied, and the paper raw material is dispersed on the inner surface side of the cylindrical mesh 6. The prepared solution is supplied.

Further, in this example, the waste water means 7 is provided on one end of the cylindrical net 6 outside the ring body R6b.

The discarded water means 7 includes a truncated water body container portion 7a having a truncated cone shape and a discarded water port 7b provided on the upper bottom of the discarded water body container portion 7a.

In this example, the rotating rollers 3 and 3 are provided with rotating roller portions 3b at both ends of the rotating shaft 3ax.

The rotating roller portion 3b comes into contact with each of the ring bodies R6 and R6 provided on the cylindrical mesh 6 when the cylindrical mesh 6 is rotatably mounted on the pair of rotating rollers 3 and 3. , And 3d and 3c that are integrally formed with each of the mesh rotating units 3c and 3c.

The distance D3 between the housing 3f and the housing 3f is equal to or slightly longer than the length L6 of the cylindrical mesh 6. The cylindrical mesh 6 is cylindrical on the rotating rollers 3 and 3. When the net 6 is rotatably mounted, the cylindrical net 6 is configured to fit between the housing 3f and the housing 3f.

In the paper molded body manufacturing apparatus 1, the cylindrical net 6 is placed on the rotary rollers 3 and 3 so as to be accommodated between the casing 3f and the casing 3f. 3 and 3 are rotated by rotating the rotation rollers 3 and 3 by driving the rotation drive source 2a of the rotation drive means 2 and rotating the rotation rollers 3 and 3. In this case, it is possible to prevent the cylindrical net 6 from falling off the rotating rollers 3 and 3.

The pressing member 4 is rotatably attached to the frame member F.

In FIG. 1, a member indicated by H <b> 4 indicates an operation handle used when the operator rotates the pressing member 4 with respect to the frame member F.

In this example, a cylinder means is used as the operation handle H4.

When the expansion / contraction part (piston part) H4a of the cylinder means H4 is extended, the cylindrical net 6 placed on the rotary rollers 3 and 3 can be pressed from above by the pressing member 4. When the expansion / contraction part (piston part) H4a of the cylinder means H4 is contracted, the pressing member 4 pressing the cylindrical net 6 placed on the rotating rollers 3 and 3 is moved upward. Thus, when the cylindrical net 6 is placed on the rotating rollers 3 and 3, the pressing member 4 is prevented from getting in the way, or the cylindrical net 6 placed on the rotating rollers 3 and 3 is rotated. When removing from the rollers 3 and 3, the pressing member 4 can be prevented from getting in the way.

Further, by rotating the expansion / contraction part (piston part) H4a of the cylinder means H4 and pressing the cylindrical net 6 placed on the rotating rollers 3 and 3 from above by the pressing member 4, the rotation driving means. 2 is driven to rotate the rotating rollers 3 and 3, and when the cylindrical net 6 is rotated by the rotation of the rotating rollers 3 and 3, the cylindrical net 6 becomes the rotating roller. 3 and 3 can be prevented from falling from above.

In this example, as the pressing member 4, a member provided with rotating roller portions R <b> 4 and R <b> 4 at both ends thereof is used.

The rotating roller portions R4 and R4 are provided on the ring bodies R6a and R6b provided on the cylindrical net 6 when the cylindrical net 6 is rotatably mounted on the pair of rotating rollers 3 and 3, respectively. It comes to contact.

The paper raw material supply means 5 includes a paper raw material storage tank 5a, a supply pipe 5b for supplying the paper raw material dispersed in the paper raw material storage tank 5a to the paper molded body manufacturing apparatus 1, and a supply pipe 5b. Paper material supply nozzle means 5c provided at the front end of the paper. In FIG. 1, a member device indicated by V indicates an open / close valve for supplying and stopping the paper raw material in which the paper raw material is dispersed from the paper raw material storage tank 5 a to the paper molded body manufacturing apparatus 1.

Moreover, the member apparatus shown by 8 in FIG. 1 has shown the cylinder means for inclining the cylindrical net | network 6. FIG.

When the cylindrical net 6 is placed on the rotating rollers 3 and 3 when the cylindrical net 6 is placed on the rotating rollers 3 and 3, if the expansion / contraction part (piston part) 8 a of the cylinder means 8 is extended, the waste water means 7 of the cylindrical net 6 is The side opposite to the provided side can be lifted.

The cylinder means 8 is used when the solution in which the paper raw material is dispersed is evenly distributed to the side peripheral surface of the cylindrical net 6 or after paper is made using the side peripheral surface of the cylindrical net 6. When discarding the solution in which the paper raw material remaining inside the mesh 6 is discarded, the stretchable portion (piston means) 8a is extended and the cylindrical mesh 6 is inclined.

Moreover, the member shown by 9 has shown the scissors which guide | induced to the place which aims at the water which generate | occur | produces when making paper.

Next, an example of a method of manufacturing a paper molded body, in which a cylindrical paper molded body is manufactured (made) using the paper molded body manufacturing apparatus 1 will be described.

When manufacturing (making paper) a cylindrical paper compact, first, the cylindrical net 6 is placed on the rotating rollers 3 and 3.

Next, the cylindrical net 6 placed on the rotating rollers 3 and 3 is pressed from above by the pressing member 4 using the operation handle H4.

Further, the open / close valve V is closed, and the paper raw material storage tank 5a stores the solution in which the paper raw material is dispersed.

Further, the nozzle port of the paper raw material supply nozzle means 5c of the paper raw material supply means 5 is the opposite side of the ring bodies R6a and R6b provided in the cylindrical net 6 to the side where the waste water means 7 is provided. It is located on the inner surface of the ring body R6a.

Next, the open / close valve V is opened, and a solution in which the paper raw material is dispersed is supplied from the paper raw material storage tank 5a to the inner surface of the cylindrical net 6 via the ring body R6a.

In addition, along with this work, the rotational driving source 2a of the rotational driving means 2 is driven to rotate the pair of rotating rollers 3 and 3 at a predetermined speed, so that the cylinders placed on the pair of rotating rollers 3 and 3 are rotated. The shaped net 6 is rotated at a predetermined speed.

Further, while observing the state of the paper formed on the inner surface of the cylindrical mesh 6, the rotation direction of the rotary drive source 2a is appropriately switched between the forward direction and the reverse direction, for example, the inner surface of the cylindrical mesh 6 The thickness of the paper formed thereon may be adjusted to be constant, or the thickness of a part of the paper may be consciously made thicker than the other parts.

The solution in which the paper raw material is dispersed supplied on the inner surface of the cylindrical net 6 is left in the solution by the cylindrical net 6 so that the paper raw material in the solution remains on the inner surface of the cylindrical net 6. The water is discharged out of the cylindrical mesh 6 by the cooperation of the centrifugal force generated by the rotation of the cylindrical mesh 6 and the gravity, so that paper is made on the inner surface of the cylindrical mesh 6. To go.

Further, an excessive amount of the solution in which the paper raw material is dispersed supplied on the inner surface of the cylindrical mesh 6 is discharged from the discarded water outlet 7b provided on the upper bottom of the discarded water main body container portion 7a. Is discharged.

When paper of a predetermined thickness is made on the inner surface of the cylindrical net 6, the rotation drive source 2a of the rotation drive means 2 is stopped and the rotation of the pair of rotation rollers 3 and 3 is stopped. By stopping the rotation of the pair of rotating rollers 3, 3, the rotation of the cylindrical net 6 placed on the pair of rotating rollers 3, 3 is also stopped after deceleration.

At this time, the rotation of the cylindrical mesh 6 stops suddenly, so that the paper formed on the inner surface of the cylindrical mesh 6 is not disturbed. When the speed reduction means (not shown) is provided and the rotation drive source 2a of the rotation drive means 2 is stopped, the speed reduction means (not shown) is used, and the rotation of the pair of rotating rollers 3, 3 is gradually slowed down. You may make it stop.

When the rotation of the cylindrical mesh 6 is stopped, the pressing member 4 pressing the cylindrical mesh 6 placed on the rotating rollers 3 and 3 from above is lifted upward using the operation handle H4. 3, the cylindrical net 6 whose paper is made on the inner surface is removed from above.

The cylindrical net 6 removed from the rotary rollers 3 and 3 is then sent to a drying process to remove paper (seamless cylindrical paper molding) made on the inner surface of the cylindrical net 6. dry.

In the process of producing a seamless cylindrical paper molded body, if necessary, the expansion / contraction portion (piston means) 8a of the cylinder means 8 is expanded and contracted to disperse the paper raw material on the side peripheral surface of the cylindrical net 6. When the solution in which the paper raw material remaining on the inner side of the cylindrical net 6 is dispersed is discarded after the solution is evenly distributed or paper is made using the side peripheral surface of the cylindrical net 6 The expansion / contraction part (piston means) 8a is extended, and the cylindrical net 6 is inclined.

In this method of manufacturing a paper molded body, a cylindrical net 6 is used as a net, and paper is made using the side surface of the cylindrical net. Can be manufactured.

In the method for producing a paper molded body, as described above, when paper is made, the cylindrical mesh 6 is rotated, and the paper raw material is placed on the inner surface of the rotating cylindrical mesh 6. Since the dispersed solution is supplied, the cylindrical paper molded body can be efficiently manufactured by the cooperation of the centrifugal force and the gravity.

In addition, when a paper molded body is made on the inner surface of the side surface of the cylindrical mesh 6, the paper body made on the inner surface of the side surface of the cylindrical mesh 6 is dried. Since it shrinks and peels off from the inner surface of the side surface of the cylindrical net 6 or easily peels off, the inner surface of the side surface of the cylindrical net 6 can be obtained by using this method of manufacturing a paper molded body. The work of peeling off the paper molded body made on the inner surface of the side peripheral surface of the cylindrical net 6 from above is unnecessary or easy. That is, if this paper molded body manufacturing method is used, a seamless cylindrical paper molded body can be easily manufactured.

Further, in the paper molded body manufacturing apparatus 1, ring bodies R6a and R6b are provided so as to protrude outward from both ends of the side circumferential surface of the cylindrical net 6, and the pair of ring bodies R6a, R6b is in contact with the pair of rotating rollers 3 and 3 and the rotating roller portions R4 and R4 provided at both ends of the pressing member 4, and the cylindrical net 6 itself is connected to the pair of rotating rollers 3 and 3 and The pressing member 4 is not directly contacted. Thereby, if this paper molded body manufacturing apparatus 1 is used, paper can be made using the cylindrical net 6 without being affected by the pair of rotating rollers 3 and 3 and the pressing member 4. It is possible to produce a high-quality paper molded body that is not affected by disturbance.

Further, in this paper molded body manufacturing apparatus 1, a solution in which a paper raw material is dispersed is not directly supplied onto the inner surface of the side peripheral surface of a cylindrical net 6 for making paper, but a cylinder. A paper raw material receiving portion R6a is provided at one end of the side peripheral surface of the net 6 having a shape, and a paper raw material receiving portion R6a is supplied with a solution in which the paper raw material is dispersed from the paper raw material supply means 5 to the paper raw material receiving portion R6a. Since the solution in which the paper raw material is dispersed is supplied to the inner surface of the side surface of the cylindrical net 6 via the via, the material is being produced on the inner surface of the side surface of the cylindrical net 6. There is no direct dripping of a paper-dispersed solution on a certain paper.

As a result, if this paper molded body manufacturing apparatus 1 is used, the paper raw material is directly dispersed from the paper raw material supply means 5 to the paper being produced on the inner surface of the side peripheral surface of the cylindrical net 6. When a solution hangs down, a high-quality paper molded body that does not have traces caused by suspending the solution in which the paper raw material is dispersed from the paper raw material supply means 5 directly on the paper remaining on the paper can be manufactured. it can.

In the paper molded body manufacturing apparatus 1, the cylindrical net 6 placed on the rotating rollers 3 and 3 is pressed from above by the pressing member 4 after being placed on the pair of rotating rollers 3 and 3. Therefore, when the rotation drive source 2a of the rotation drive means 2 is driven to rotate the rotation rollers 3 and 3 and the rotation of the rotation rollers 3 and 3 causes the cylindrical net 6 to rotate, the cylinder It is possible to prevent the net 6 having a shape from falling on the rotating rollers 3 and 3.

Further, in this paper molded body manufacturing apparatus 1, the casings 3 f and 3 f are provided as the pair of rotating rollers 3 and 3, respectively, and the cylindrical net 6 fits between the casing 3 f and the casing 3 f. Therefore, when the rotational driving source 2a of the rotational driving means 2 is driven to rotate the rotating rollers 3 and 3 and the rotation of the rotating rollers 3 and 3 causes the cylindrical net 6 to rotate, It is possible to prevent the cylindrical net 6 from falling off the rotating rollers 3 and 3.

In Embodiment 1 of the invention described above, as a method for manufacturing a paper molded body, the nozzle port of the paper raw material supply nozzle means 5c of the paper raw material supply means 5 is provided on the inner surface of the side circumferential surface of the cylindrical net 6. A solution in which the paper raw material is dispersed is supplied from the paper raw material supply means 5 to the inner surface of the side peripheral surface of the cylindrical net 6 via the paper raw material receiving portion R6, and the side peripheral surface of the cylindrical net 6 is provided. However, this is merely a preferred example of the present invention. In the present invention, the side circumferential surface of the cylindrical net 6 is shown. The nozzle port of the paper raw material supply nozzle means 5c of the paper raw material supply means 5 is provided on the inner surface, and the paper raw material is directly dispersed from the paper raw material supply means 5 on the inner surface of the side surface of the cylindrical net 6. A solution is supplied, and paper is made on the inner surface of the side surface of the cylindrical net 6, and a paper molded body manufacturing apparatus and a paper molded body manufacturing method are also available. Murrell.

Furthermore, a nozzle port of the paper raw material supply nozzle means 5c of the paper raw material supply means 5 is provided on the outer peripheral surface of the cylindrical net 6 on the outer peripheral surface of the cylindrical net 6. Then, a solution in which the paper raw material is dispersed is supplied from the paper raw material supply means 5 directly or via the paper raw material receiving part R6a, and paper is made on the outer surface of the side surface of the cylindrical net 6 to produce a paper molded body An apparatus and a method for producing a paper molded body are also included in the present invention.

In the first embodiment of the present invention, the cylindrical mesh 6 is used. However, when the mechanical strength of the cylindrical mesh 6 is weak, the cylindrical mesh 6 is in contact with the outside. A cylindrical shape holding member (not shown) having a through hole such as a punching metal for shape holding may be provided.

Further, when paper having a desired thickness is made on the side peripheral surface of the cylindrical mesh 6, the cylindrical mesh 6 is swung back and forth, left and right, or the cylindrical mesh 6 is inclined. Also good.

Further, when paper is made with the cylindrical mesh 6, water absorbing means for improving drainage may be provided so as to contact or be close to the outer surface of the side peripheral surface of the cylindrical mesh 6. .

  FIG. 4 is a configuration diagram schematically showing an example of an apparatus in which such a water absorbing means is provided in the paper molded body manufacturing apparatus 1 shown in FIG.

In FIG. 4, constituent members corresponding to the constituent members of the paper molded body manufacturing apparatus 1 shown in FIG. 1 are the same as the reference numerals attached to the constituent members of the paper molded body manufacturing apparatus 1 shown in FIG. Reference numerals are assigned and description thereof is omitted.

  The paper molded body manufacturing apparatus 1 </ b> A shown in FIG. 4 includes a water absorbing means 10 for improving drainage when paper is made with a cylindrical net 6. The water absorbing means 10 is constituted by, for example, a water absorbing sponge roll or the like, and is provided so as to contact the lower part of the outer surface of the side circumferential surface of the cylindrical net 6.

In the paper molded body manufacturing apparatus 1A, when the cylindrical net 6 rotates, the water absorbing means 10 rotates to absorb water generated when paper is made.

The water absorbing means 10 is not limited to the above-described example. For example, the water absorbing means 10 is rotated by another rotation driving means (not shown) so as to synchronize with the rotation of the cylindrical net 6, and the paper. You may make it absorb the water which generate | occur | produces when making.

If the water absorbing means 10 is used, the water absorbing means 10 is provided so as to be in contact with the lower part of the outer peripheral surface of the cylindrical net 6 so that paper is made using the cylindrical net 6. In this case, the separation of water is added to the cooperation between the centrifugal force and the gravity, and the water absorption force of the water absorption means is also utilized, so that the cylindrical paper molded body can be manufactured efficiently.

  FIG. 5 is a configuration diagram schematically showing an example of an apparatus in which the paper molded body manufacturing apparatus 1 shown in FIG. 1 is provided with water absorbing means different from the water absorbing means 10, and FIG. 5 (a) is a side view. FIG. 5B is an exploded perspective view.

In FIG. 5, constituent members corresponding to the constituent members of the paper molded body manufacturing apparatus 1 shown in FIG. 1 are the same as the reference numerals attached to the constituent members of the paper molded body manufacturing apparatus 1 shown in FIG. Reference numerals are assigned and description thereof is omitted.

  The paper molded body manufacturing apparatus 1 </ b> B shown in FIG. 5 includes water absorbing means 11 for improving drainage when paper is made with a cylindrical net 6. The water absorption means 11 includes a water absorption head portion 11a having an opening at the lower part of the outer surface of the side peripheral surface of the cylindrical net 6.

In FIG. 5, a member denoted by 11b is a sliding member for preventing the rotation of the cylindrical mesh 6 from being affected when the water absorbing head portion 11a is brought into contact with the cylindrical mesh 6. In this example, a frame-shaped resin member or rubber member is shown. The rubber member is not limited to the following, but for example, urethane rubber or the like is used.

Further, a suction device (not shown) such as a suction pump or a blower is connected to the water absorption head portion 11a.

In the paper molded body manufacturing apparatus 1B, water generated when paper is made is absorbed by forcibly absorbing water by the water absorption means 11 while the cylindrical net 6 rotates.

If the water absorbing means 11 is used, the water absorbing means 11 is provided at the lower part of the side peripheral surface of the cylindrical mesh 6. Therefore, when paper is made using the cylindrical mesh 6, water is separated. In addition to the cooperation between the centrifugal force and gravity, the water absorption force of the water absorption means is also used, so that it is possible to efficiently produce a cylindrical paper molded body.
(Embodiment 2 of the invention)
Here, a paper molded body manufacturing apparatus for manufacturing a seamless paper molded body having various cross-sectional shapes and a method for manufacturing such a paper molded body will be described.

  FIG. 6 is a diagram exemplarily showing a net used when producing a seamless paper-shaped article having various cross-sectional shapes, and FIG. 6A shows various cross-sectional shapes that are seamless. FIG. 6B is a front view schematically showing an example of a net used when manufacturing a cylindrical paper-molded body having a portion, and FIG. It is typical sectional drawing which follows the AA line | wire of the net | network shown to).

In FIG. 6 (a), the paper raw material supply means 5 is represented schematically using an imaginary line, and in FIG. 6 (b), the paper raw material supply means 5 is not shown.

The net 6A includes a cylindrical net 6 and a cylindrical net 6B having various cross-sectional shapes.

The cylindrical net 6 </ b> B having various cross-sectional shapes is provided inside the cylindrical net 6.

In FIG. 6, a member indicated by P indicates a support member used when the cylindrical net 6 </ b> B having various cross-sectional shapes is attached to the inside of the cylindrical net 6.

Since the cylindrical net 6B has the same configuration as the cylindrical net 6 except that the cross-sectional shape is different, the cylindrical net 6B corresponds to a constituent member of the cylindrical net 6 among the constituent members of the cylindrical net 6B. About the structural member, the same referential mark as the referential mark attached | subjected to the structural member of the cylindrical net 6 is attached | subjected, and the description is abbreviate | omitted.

At both ends of the cylindrical net 6, ring bodies R6a and R6b are provided.

The ring bodies R6a and R6b are for improving drainage when paper is made with the cylindrical net 6B, and may be a simple ring body.

Next, an example of a method for manufacturing a paper molded body will be described in which a seamless paper molded body having various cross-sectional shapes is manufactured (made) using the net 6A.

When manufacturing (making paper) a seamless paper molded body having various cross-sectional shapes using the net 6A, the pair of rotating rollers 3 and 3 on the paper molded body manufacturing apparatus 1 shown in FIG. In addition, instead of the cylindrical net 6, the net 6A is rotatably mounted.

Next, the cylindrical net 6 placed on the rotating rollers 3 and 3 is pressed from above by the pressing member 4 using the operation handle H4.

Further, the open / close valve V is closed, and the paper raw material storage tank 5a stores the solution in which the paper raw material is dispersed.

Further, the nozzle port of the paper raw material supply nozzle means 5c of the paper raw material supply means 5 is opposite to the side where the waste water means 7 is provided in the ring bodies R6a1 and R6b1 provided in the cylindrical net 6B. It is located on the inner surface of the ring body R6a1.

In this example, the shape of the hole h provided in the bottom surface of the ring bodies R6a1 and R6b1 is similar or similar to satisfy the relationship smaller than the cross-sectional shape of the cylindrical mesh 6B, so that the cylindrical mesh 6B. A solution in which paper raw materials are dispersed is supplied to the inner surface side of the paper.

Next, the open / close valve V is opened, and a solution in which the paper raw material is dispersed is supplied from the paper raw material storage tank 5a to the inner surface of the cylindrical net 6 via the ring body R6a1.

Hereinafter, in the same manner as the method described in the first embodiment of the invention, the cylindrical net 6 is rotated, and the cylinders having various cross-sectional shapes are provided inside the rotating cylindrical net 6. A solution in which a paper raw material is dispersed is supplied onto the inner surface of the side surface of the net 6B, and paper is made on the inner surface of the side surface of the cylindrical net 6B having various cross-sectional shapes.

When paper of a predetermined thickness is made on the inner surface of the cylindrical net 6B, the rotation drive source 2a of the rotation drive means 2 is stopped and the rotation of the pair of rotation rollers 3 and 3 is stopped. By stopping the rotation of the pair of rotating rollers 3, 3, the rotation of the cylindrical net 6 placed on the pair of rotating rollers 3, 3 is also stopped.

When the rotation of the cylindrical mesh 6 is stopped, the pressing member 4 pressing the cylindrical mesh 6 placed on the rotating rollers 3 and 3 from above is lifted upward using the operation handle H4. 3, the cylindrical net 6 whose paper is made on the inner surface is removed from above.

The cylindrical net 6 removed from the rotating rollers 3 and 3 is then sent to the drying process, so that the cylindrical net 6B having various cross-sectional shapes provided inside the cylindrical net 6 is provided. The paper (seamless, cylindrical paper moldings having various cross-sectional shapes) drawn on the inner surface of the side peripheral surface is dried.

In addition, in the process of manufacturing a seamless paper-molded body having various cross-sectional shapes, if necessary, the expansion / contraction part (piston means) 8a of the cylinder means 8 is expanded and contracted to the side of the cylindrical net 6B. After the solution in which the paper raw material is dispersed is evenly distributed on the peripheral surface or paper is made using the side peripheral surface of the cylindrical mesh 6B, the inner side of the cylindrical mesh 6 and / or the cylindrical shape is used. When discarding the solution in which the paper raw material remaining on the inner side of the mesh 6B is discarded, the expansion / contraction portion (piston means) 8a is extended to incline the cylindrical mesh 6.

In this method of manufacturing a paper molded body, a cylindrical net 6B having various cross-sectional shapes is used as a paper net, and paper is made using the side peripheral surface of the cylindrical net 6B. Therefore, it is possible to manufacture a seamless, cylindrical paper-molded body corresponding to the cylindrical net 6B having various cross-sectional shapes.

Further, in this method of manufacturing a paper molded body, when paper is made, cylindrical nets 6 are rotated, and cylindrical shapes having various cross-sectional shapes provided inside the rotating cylindrical nets 6 are provided. Since the solution in which the paper raw material is dispersed is supplied onto the inner surface of the net 6B, the cylindrical paper molded body having various cross-sectional shapes can be manufactured by the cooperation of centrifugal force and gravity. It can be done efficiently.

Further, when a paper molded body is made on the inner surface of the side peripheral surface of the cylindrical net 6B, the paper molded body made on the inner surface of the side peripheral surface of the cylindrical net 6B is dried. Then, it shrinks and peels off from the inner surface of the side surface of the cylindrical net 6B, or easily peels off. If this method of manufacturing a paper molded body is used, the side periphery of the cylindrical net 6B The operation of peeling off the paper molded body formed on the inner surface of the side circumferential surface of the cylindrical net 6 having various cross-sectional shapes from the inner surface of the surface becomes unnecessary or easy. That is, if this paper molded body manufacturing method is used, a seamless cylindrical paper molded body can be easily manufactured.

Furthermore, in this method of manufacturing a paper molded body, a solution in which the paper raw material is dispersed is not directly supplied onto the inner surface of the side peripheral surface of the cylindrical net 6B for paper making. A paper raw material receiving portion (ring body provided on the cylindrical net 6B) R6a1 and R6b1 is provided at one end of the side peripheral surface of the mesh-shaped net 6B, and the paper raw material receiving portion (cylindrical net 6B). The ring material provided in the paper) R6a1 is supplied with a solution in which the paper raw material is dispersed from the paper raw material supply means 5, and passes through the paper raw material receiving portion (ring body provided in the cylindrical net 6B) R6a1. Since the solution in which the paper raw material is dispersed is supplied onto the inner surface of the side surface of the cylindrical net 6B, the solution is produced on the inner surface of the side surface of the cylindrical net 6B. There is no direct dripping of a paper-dispersed solution on a certain paper.

As a result, if this paper molded body manufacturing method is used, the paper raw material is directly dispersed from the paper raw material supply means 5 to the paper being produced on the inner surface of the side peripheral surface of the cylindrical net 6B. When a solution hangs down, a high-quality paper molded body that does not have traces caused by suspending the solution in which the paper raw material is dispersed from the paper raw material supply means 5 directly on the paper remaining on the paper can be manufactured. it can.

Further, in this method of manufacturing a paper molded body, the cylindrical net 6 placed on the rotating rollers 3 and 3 is pressed from above by the pressing member 4 after being placed on the pair of rotating rollers 3 and 3. Therefore, when the rotational drive source 2a of the rotational drive means 2 is driven, the rotational rollers 3 and 3 are rotated, and the cylindrical net 6 is rotated by the rotation of the rotational rollers 3 and 3, the cylindrical shape It is possible to prevent the net 6 from falling from above the rotating rollers 3 and 3.

Further, in this paper molded body manufacturing method, the casings 3f and 3f are provided as the pair of rotating rollers 3 and 3, respectively, so that the cylindrical net 6 is accommodated between the casing 3f and the casing 3f. Therefore, when the rotation drive source 2a of the rotation drive means 2 is driven to rotate the rotation rollers 3 and 3 and the rotation of the rotation rollers 3 and 3 causes the cylindrical net 6 to rotate, the cylinder It is possible to prevent the net 6 having a shape from falling on the rotating rollers 3 and 3.

In the second embodiment of the present invention, the paper raw material supply means is provided on the inner surface of the side surface of the cylindrical net 6B provided inside the cylindrical net 6 as a method for manufacturing the paper molded body. No. 5 paper material supply nozzle means 5c is provided with a nozzle opening, and a paper material receiving portion (ring body provided on the cylindrical mesh 6B) R6a1 on the inner surface of the side surface of the cylindrical mesh 6B. Although the explanation has been made mainly with respect to the example in which the solution in which the paper raw material is dispersed is supplied from the paper raw material supply means 5 and paper is made on the inner surface of the side surface of the cylindrical net 6B, simply,
Only a preferred example of the present invention has been shown. In the present invention, the nozzle port of the paper raw material supply nozzle means 5c of the paper raw material supply means 5 is provided on the inner surface of the side peripheral surface of the cylindrical net 6B. A solution in which paper raw material is dispersed is directly supplied from the paper raw material supply means 5 onto the inner surface of the side peripheral surface of the cylindrical net 6B, and on the inner surface of the side peripheral surface of the cylindrical net 6B, A paper molded body manufacturing apparatus and a paper molded body manufacturing method for making paper are also included.

Further, a nozzle port of the paper raw material supply nozzle means 5c of the paper raw material supply means 5 is provided on the outer surface of the side circumferential surface of the cylindrical net 6B provided inside the cylindrical net 6 so as to have a cylindrical shape. On the outer surface of the side peripheral surface of the net 6B, a solution in which the paper raw material is dispersed from the paper raw material supply means 5 is directly or via a paper raw material receiving portion (ring body provided on the cylindrical net 6B) R6a1. A paper molded body manufacturing apparatus and a paper molded body manufacturing method are also included in the present invention.

Furthermore, in this example, the cylindrical mesh 6B is provided inside the cylindrical mesh 6. However, instead of the cylindrical mesh 6, as shown in FIG. A cylindrical jig 6C in which pipe members Pi... Are connected to the ring body R6b may be used.

The paper molded body produced by the present invention may be Japanese paper, Western paper, a mixed paper of Japanese paper and Western paper, resin fiber, vegetable fiber, ceramic fiber, carbon, etc. It should be noted that it may be Japanese paper, Western paper, or a mixed paper of Japanese paper and Western paper, including fibers and other fibers.

Moreover, if various uneven | corrugated patterns, curved surfaces, and other free shapes are provided on the side peripheral surface of the cylindrical net 6B or the side peripheral surface of the cylindrical net 6B, various uneven patterns corresponding to these shapes are provided. A cylindrical paper molded body having a curved surface or other free shapes can be manufactured.

In addition, the cylindrical net 6B has a spherical shape, a substantially spherical shape, a rugby ball shape, a triangular pyramid or other pyramid shape, a truncated pyramid shape with a trapezoidal longitudinal section, a cone, a truncated cone, a peanut shape, or other shapes By doing so, it is possible to manufacture cylindrical paper moldings having various uneven patterns, curved surfaces and other free shapes corresponding to these shapes.

By using the apparatus and method for producing a paper molded body according to the present invention, a seamless product utilizing the unique texture of Japanese paper or other paper can be provided to the market as shades of lighting fixtures and other various shaped articles.

Further, the raw material such as plastic is a fossil fuel such as petroleum products, and the present invention uses paper raw material, whereas the raw material is limited and depleted. Since the main raw material is a product obtained by growing plants, there is an advantage in that the raw material is not depleted and is a recyclable resource that is environmentally friendly.

By using the paper molded body manufacturing apparatus according to the present invention and the paper molded body manufacturing method according to the present invention, it is possible to manufacture a cylindrical paper molded body having a seamless cylindrical shape or various cross-sectional shapes. The paper molded body manufacturing apparatus according to the present invention and the paper molded body manufacturing method according to the present invention have a cylindrical shape and various cross-sectional shapes that are seamless and attractive when the lamp is turned on, for example. It can be widely used as a manufacturing apparatus for manufacturing a paper molded body such as a lamp shade and other various objects, and a manufacturing method of such a paper molded body, and such a paper molded body can be manufactured.

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Paper molding manufacturing apparatus 2 Rotation drive means 3 Rotation roller 4 Holding member 5 Paper raw material supply means 6 Cylindrical net 6A Net 6B Cylindrical net R6 having various cross-sectional shapes Ring body

Claims (8)

A paper raw material supply means supplies a solution in which paper raw material is dispersed to the side peripheral surface of a cylindrical net, and uses the side peripheral surface of the cylindrical net to produce paper. Manufacturing equipment. Rotation drive means;
A pair of rotating rollers made rotatable by the rotation driving means;
A pressing member provided on the pair of rotating rollers so as to be a predetermined distance from the pair of rotating rollers;
A paper raw material supply means for supplying a solution in which the paper raw material is dispersed,
A cylindrical net is placed on the pair of rotating rollers,
A cylindrical net placed on the pair of rotating rollers is pressed from above by the pressing member,
By driving the rotation drive means and rotating the pair of rotation rollers, the cylindrical net is rotated,
The paper raw material supply means supplies a solution in which the paper raw material is dispersed to the side peripheral surface of the cylindrical net, and uses the side peripheral surface of the cylindrical net to produce paper. Body manufacturing equipment. A ring body is provided so as to protrude outward from each of both end portions of the side surface of the cylindrical net,
A rotating roller portion is provided at each of both end portions of the pressing member,
When the cylindrical net is placed on the pair of rotating rollers, the ring body side is provided so as to protrude outward from both ends of the side peripheral surface of the cylindrical net. An outer surface of the peripheral surface is in contact with an outer surface of each side peripheral surface of the pair of rotating rollers, and
When the cylindrical mesh placed on the pair of rotating rollers is pressed from above by the pressing member, the cylindrical mesh is provided so as to protrude outward from both ends of the side peripheral surface of the cylindrical mesh. The outer surface of the side peripheral surface of the ring body is in contact with the outer surface of each side peripheral surface of the rotating roller portion provided at each of both ends of the pressing member. Equipment for manufacturing paper compacts. A paper raw material receiving part for receiving a solution in which the paper raw material is dispersed so as to protrude from one end portion of the side surface of the cylindrical net, and receiving the solution in which the paper raw material is dispersed from the paper raw material supply means A solution in which the paper raw material is dispersed is supplied onto the inner surface of the receiving portion, and a solution in which the paper raw material is dispersed is supplied to the inner surface side of the side surface of the cylindrical mesh. The apparatus for producing a paper molded body according to claim 2 or 3, wherein paper is made on the inner surface of the surface. The apparatus for producing a paper molded body according to any one of claims 2 to 4, further comprising water absorbing means provided so as to abut on or be close to an outer surface of a side peripheral surface of the cylindrical net. A method for producing a paper molded body, in which paper is made from a side peripheral surface of a cylindrical net. When paper is made by the side peripheral surface of the cylindrical net, the cylindrical net is rotated, and the paper raw material is dispersed on the inner surface of the side surface of the rotating cylindrical net. The method for producing a paper molded body according to claim 6, wherein a solution is supplied and paper is made on an inner surface of a side peripheral surface of the cylindrical net. A paper molded body that is seamless and has a cylindrical shape.