JP2010187482A - Wind-power generation apparatus and control method thereof - Google Patents

Wind-power generation apparatus and control method thereof Download PDF

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JP2010187482A
JP2010187482A JP2009030560A JP2009030560A JP2010187482A JP 2010187482 A JP2010187482 A JP 2010187482A JP 2009030560 A JP2009030560 A JP 2009030560A JP 2009030560 A JP2009030560 A JP 2009030560A JP 2010187482 A JP2010187482 A JP 2010187482A
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power
generator
fluctuation
command value
wind
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JP5443014B2 (en
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Yasuaki Nakayama
靖章 中山
Masaya Ichinose
雅哉 一瀬
Motoo Futami
基生 二見
Shinya Ohara
伸也 大原
Tsutomu Hasegawa
勉 長谷川
Osamu Iso
磯　　修
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Kansai Electric Power Co Inc
Hitachi Ltd
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Hitachi Ltd
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    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
    • Y02E10/70—Wind energy
    • Y02E10/76—Power conversion electric or electronic aspects

Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To suppress a power fluctuation in a synchronous generator of a power system by reactive power control in a wind-power generation apparatus. <P>SOLUTION: A wind-power generation apparatus 100 includes a polyphase AC generator 106 which generates power by rotation of a windmill 108, a power converter 112 which controls the electric power generated by the generator to supply effective power and reactive power to a power system, a windmill control unit 110 which determines a blade angle command value and command values Pref and Qref of the effective power and reactive power, and a blade angle change unit 122 which changes an angle of a blade according to the blade angle command value. It includes an electric power fluctuation detecting device 116 which is electrically connected to a power system containing at least one synchronous generator 120 for detecting a power fluctuation in the synchronous generator 120, and a system stabilizing means (110+114) for suppressing the power fluctuation. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2010,JPO&INPIT

Description

本発明は、系統安定化機能を備える風力発電装置およびその制御方法に関する。   The present invention relates to a wind turbine generator having a system stabilizing function and a control method thereof.

風力発電装置は、その出力が時々刻々と変動する風によって決まるため、電力系統に連系すると、連系点において電圧変動を引き起こす場合がある。このため、風力発電装置自身の発電出力に起因する電圧変動を風力発電装置自身で補償する手段が、特許文献１に開示されている。   Since the output of a wind turbine generator is determined by the wind that fluctuates from moment to moment, when it is linked to a power system, voltage fluctuation may occur at the linkage point. For this reason, Patent Document 1 discloses a means for compensating for the voltage fluctuation caused by the power generation output of the wind turbine generator itself by the wind turbine generator itself.

特開平８−２８０１３６号公報JP-A-8-280136

系統を構成する同期発電機は、系統事故等の影響によりその回転速度が大きく変動する場合がある。これを短時間で収束させるため、同期機の励磁電流を制御することで、同期発電機の速度変動（電力動揺）を防止する系統安定化機能がある。一般に、系統安定化機能は、同期発電機自身の励磁調整、または同期発電機の直近に設置されたＳＶＣ（Static Var Compensator）などの無効電力補償装置によるものが知られている。   In some cases, the rotational speed of the synchronous generator constituting the system fluctuates greatly due to the influence of a system fault or the like. In order to converge this in a short time, there is a system stabilization function that prevents fluctuations in speed (power fluctuation) of the synchronous generator by controlling the excitation current of the synchronous machine. In general, the system stabilization function is known to be based on a reactive power compensator such as an excitation adjustment of the synchronous generator itself or an SVC (Static Var Compensator) installed in the immediate vicinity of the synchronous generator.

本発明の目的は、風力発電装置の無効電力制御により、前記同期発電機の電力動揺を抑制し、系統を安定化させることである。   An object of the present invention is to suppress power fluctuation of the synchronous generator and stabilize the system by reactive power control of the wind power generator.

前記課題を解決するため、本発明の望ましい実施態様による風力発電装置は、風車と、この風車の回転により発電する多相交流発電機と、この発電機の発電電力を制御して電力系統に有効電力と無効電力を供給する電力変換器と、前記有効電力と前記無効電力の指令値および前記風車の翼の角度指令値を決定する風車制御装置と、前記翼の角度指令値に基づいて前記翼の角度を変更する翼角度変更手段とを備え、少なくとも１つの同期発電機を含む電力系統と電気的に接続されており、前記電力系統の電力動揺を検出する手段と、この電力動揺を検出したことに応じて、この電力動揺を抑制する系統安定化手段とを備えたことを特徴とする。   In order to solve the above problems, a wind turbine generator according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention is effective for a power system by controlling a wind turbine, a multiphase AC generator that generates power by the rotation of the wind turbine, and power generated by the generator. A power converter that supplies electric power and reactive power; a wind turbine control device that determines a command value of the active power and the reactive power and an angle command value of the blade of the wind turbine; and the blade based on the angle command value of the blade A blade angle changing means for changing the angle of the power system, and is electrically connected to an electric power system including at least one synchronous generator, and detects the electric power fluctuation of the electric power system, and detects the electric power fluctuation. According to the situation, the system is characterized by comprising system stabilizing means for suppressing the power fluctuation.

本発明によれば、電力系統の同期発電機とは離れた場所にある風力発電装置により、前記同期発電機の電力動揺を抑制することで系統を安定化し、また、利用されるＳＶＣ等の設備容量を削減できる。   According to the present invention, the system is stabilized by suppressing the power fluctuation of the synchronous generator by the wind power generator located in a place away from the synchronous generator of the electric power system, and the equipment such as SVC to be used. Capacity can be reduced.

本発明によるその他の目的と特徴は、以下に述べる実施例の中で明らかにする。   Other objects and features of the present invention will be made clear in the embodiments described below.

本発明の実施例１による風力発電装置と電力系統とを示した全体構成図である。BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS It is the whole block diagram which showed the wind power generator and electric power system by Example 1 of this invention. 本発明の実施例１による風力発電装置の第２の形態と電力系統とを示した全体構成図である。It is the whole block diagram which showed the 2nd form and power system of the wind power generator by Example 1 of this invention. 本発明の実施例１による風力発電装置の電力動揺検出装置の動作を表すフローチャートである。It is a flowchart showing operation | movement of the electric power fluctuation detection apparatus of the wind power generator by Example 1 of this invention. 本発明の実施例１による風力発電装置の系統安定化機能の動作を表すフローチャートである。It is a flowchart showing operation | movement of the system | strain stabilization function of the wind power generator by Example 1 of this invention. 本発明の実施例１による風力発電装置の周波数の時間変化Δｆから軸速度の時間変化Δωを求めるためのブロック図である。It is a block diagram for calculating | requiring the time change (DELTA) omega of axial speed from the time change (DELTA) f of the frequency of the wind power generator by Example 1 of this invention. 本発明の実施例１による風力発電装置の無効電力制御系において、軸速度の時間変化Δωから無効電力指令Ｑｒｅｆを求めるブロック図である。In the reactive power control system of the wind power generator by Example 1 of this invention, it is a block diagram which calculates | requires reactive power instruction | command Qref from the time change (DELTA) omega of axial speed. 本発明の実施例２による風力発電装置と電力系統とを示した全体構成図である。It is the whole block diagram which showed the wind power generator and electric power system by Example 2 of this invention. 本発明の実施例３および４による風力発電装置と電力系統とを示した全体構成図である。It is the whole block diagram which showed the wind power generator and electric power system by Example 3 and 4 of this invention. 本発明の実施例３において、発電機の内部相差角θから軸速度ωの時間変化Δωを求めるためのブロック図である。In Example 3 of this invention, it is a block diagram for calculating | requiring the time change (DELTA) omega of axial speed (omega) from the internal phase difference angle (theta) of a generator. 本発明の実施例４において、発電機の有効電力Ｐの時間変化ΔＰから軸速度の時間変化Δωを求めるためのブロック図である。In Example 4 of this invention, it is a block diagram for calculating | requiring the time change (DELTA) omega of axial speed from the time change (DELTA) P of the active electric power P of a generator.

以下に、図面を参照して、本発明の実施例を詳細に説明する。   Embodiments of the present invention will be described below in detail with reference to the drawings.

まず、図１を用いて、本発明の実施例１の風力発電装置構成（単線結線図）を説明する。   First, the configuration of a wind turbine generator (single wire connection diagram) according to Embodiment 1 of the present invention will be described with reference to FIG.

風力発電装置１００は、系統連系用変圧器１０２−０２を介して電力系統１０４に接続される。電力系統１０４は、発電設備１０４−０２と、送電線等のインピーダンス１０４−０４から構成されている。前記発電設備１０４−０２は、風力発電設備よりも容量が大きい場合は、単に電源と考えることができる。風力発電装置１００は主に、発電機１０６、翼１０８、風車制御装置１１０、コンバータ（励磁装置）１１２、コンバータ制御装置１１４，電力動揺検出装置１１６，翼角度変更装置１２２から構成される。電力系統の接続点１１８には、水力発電所などの同期発電機１２０が系統連系用変圧器１０２−０４を介して接続される。同期発電機１２０は、系統での地絡事故等の影響によって、ある固有周波数（固有振動数）で動揺する。   The wind power generator 100 is connected to the electric power system 104 via the grid connection transformer 102-02. The electric power system 104 includes a power generation facility 104-02 and an impedance 104-04 such as a power transmission line. When the capacity of the power generation facility 104-02 is larger than that of the wind power generation facility, the power generation facility 104-02 can be considered as a power source. The wind turbine generator 100 mainly includes a generator 106, a blade 108, a windmill controller 110, a converter (excitation device) 112, a converter controller 114, a power fluctuation detector 116, and a blade angle changing device 122. A synchronous generator 120 such as a hydroelectric power station is connected to a connection point 118 of the power system via a grid interconnection transformer 102-04. The synchronous generator 120 oscillates at a certain natural frequency (natural frequency) due to the influence of a ground fault or the like in the system.

翼１０８で受けた風のエネルギーは発電機１０６を回転させ、発電機１０６は三相交流の電圧を発生する。コンバータ（励磁装置）１１２は、コンバータの出力電圧を調整することで、発電機１０６から電気エネルギーを取り出す。コンバータ１１２は、取り出した発電電力を系統連系用変圧器１０２−０２を介して電力系統１０４に出力する。コンバータ制御装置１１４は、系統連系用変圧器１０２−０２を通過する有効電力と無効電力を、電圧センサＰＴｓ，電流センサＣＴによりそれぞれ検出した電圧Ｖｓ，電流Ｉｓから演算し、有効電力と無効電力を独立に制御する機能をもつ。本実施例では、発電機１０６に永久磁石発電機、コンバータ１１２にはＡＣ／ＤＣ／ＡＣのフルコンバータを想定している。しかし、この実施例１における発電機の第２の形態として、図２に示すように、発電機として巻線型誘導発電機１０６ａ、コンバータは二次励磁型としても、同様の機能を実現することができる。   The wind energy received by the blades 108 rotates the generator 106, and the generator 106 generates a three-phase AC voltage. The converter (excitation device) 112 takes out electric energy from the generator 106 by adjusting the output voltage of the converter. The converter 112 outputs the extracted generated power to the power system 104 via the grid interconnection transformer 102-02. The converter control device 114 calculates the active power and reactive power passing through the grid interconnection transformer 102-02 from the voltage Vs and current Is detected by the voltage sensor PTs and current sensor CT, respectively, and the active power and reactive power. It has a function to control independently. In this embodiment, it is assumed that the generator 106 is a permanent magnet generator and the converter 112 is an AC / DC / AC full converter. However, as a second mode of the generator in the first embodiment, as shown in FIG. 2, the same function can be realized even when the winding induction generator 106a is used as the generator and the secondary excitation type is used as the converter. it can.

風車制御装置１１０は、風速の入力に従い有効電力指令値Ｐｒｅｆを計算し、Ｐｒｅｆに相当する翼角度指令値Ｐｉｔｃｈ＊を演算する。また、風車制御装置１１０は、電力動揺検出装置１１６から伝送される電力動揺判定信号Ａと周波数変動検出値ｆを受信する。風車制御装置１１０は、電力動揺を検出したという信号を受信した際にＰＳＳ（Power System Stabilizer）機能がオンとなり、有効電力指令値Ｐｒｅｆを絞る演算を実行する。同時に、周波数変動検出値ｆを基に電力動揺を抑制するための無効電力指令値Ｑｒｅｆを演算する。有効電力指令値Ｐｒｅｆを絞るときに、有効電力指令値Ｐｒｅｆに相当する翼角度指令値Ｐｉｔｃｈ＊が翼角度変更装置１２２へ、有効電力指令値Ｐｒｅｆと無効電力指令値Ｑｒｅｆはコンバータ制御装置１１４へ、それぞれ伝送される。   The windmill control device 110 calculates the active power command value Pref according to the input of the wind speed, and calculates the blade angle command value Pitch * corresponding to Pref. Moreover, the windmill control device 110 receives the power fluctuation determination signal A and the frequency fluctuation detection value f transmitted from the power fluctuation detection device 116. When receiving a signal that power fluctuation has been detected, the windmill control device 110 turns on a PSS (Power System Stabilizer) function, and executes a calculation to narrow down the active power command value Pref. At the same time, a reactive power command value Qref for suppressing power fluctuation is calculated based on the frequency fluctuation detection value f. When narrowing down the active power command value Pref, the blade angle command value Pitch * corresponding to the active power command value Pref is sent to the blade angle changing device 122, and the active power command value Pref and the reactive power command value Qref are sent to the converter control device 114. Each is transmitted.

電力動揺検出装置１１６は、電圧センサＰＴｓにより検出された交流電圧信号Ｖｓを入力し、入力信号Ｖｓから電圧の周波数変動を検出することで、同期発電機１２０の電力動揺（回転数変動）を検知する。電力動揺検出装置１１６は、検出した該周波数変動ｆ、および電力動揺判定信号Ａを、風車制御装置１１０へ伝送する機能を備える。   The power fluctuation detection device 116 receives the AC voltage signal Vs detected by the voltage sensor PTs, and detects the power fluctuation (rotational speed fluctuation) of the synchronous generator 120 by detecting the voltage frequency fluctuation from the input signal Vs. To do. The power fluctuation detection device 116 has a function of transmitting the detected frequency fluctuation f and the power fluctuation determination signal A to the windmill control device 110.

コンバータ制御装置１１４は、風車制御装置１１０からの各種運転信号に従い、コンバータ１１２の出力電圧（発電機側および系統側）を調整し、発電機１０６と系統との間の電力（発電電力、無効電力）制御用のパルス信号Ｇ＊をコンバータ１１２に伝送する。   The converter control device 114 adjusts the output voltage (generator side and system side) of the converter 112 according to various operation signals from the windmill control device 110, and the power (generated power, reactive power) between the generator 106 and the system. ) Transmit the control pulse signal G * to the converter 112.

翼角度変更装置１２２は、風車制御装置１１０から伝送される翼角度指令値Ｐｉｔｃｈ＊に従って、翼１０８の角度を制御する。   The blade angle changing device 122 controls the angle of the blade 108 in accordance with the blade angle command value Pitch * transmitted from the windmill control device 110.

コンバータ１１２は、コンバータ制御装置１１４から伝送されるパルス信号Ｇ＊に従いスイッチングを行う。   The converter 112 performs switching according to the pulse signal G * transmitted from the converter control device 114.

次に、電力動揺検出装置１１６を、図３のフローチャートを用いて詳しく説明する。   Next, the power fluctuation detection device 116 will be described in detail using the flowchart of FIG.

図３は、本発明の実施例１による風力発電装置の電力動揺検出装置の動作を表すフローチャートである。ここでは、系統連系用変圧器１０２−０２の二次側電圧Ｖｓを入力し、ゼロクロス検出を用いて電力動揺を検出する場合について説明する。   FIG. 3 is a flowchart showing the operation of the power fluctuation detection device of the wind turbine generator according to Embodiment 1 of the present invention. Here, a case will be described in which secondary voltage Vs of grid interconnection transformer 102-02 is input and power fluctuation is detected using zero cross detection.

電力動揺検出装置１１６は、系統電圧Ｖｓがある時刻でゼロクロスした場合、その時刻をメモリする（処理２００、２０２、２０４、２０６）。ただし、ゼロクロスの時刻をメモリするのは、系統電圧Ｖｓが正から負に変わる場合、または、負から正に変わる場合のどちらかに限定する。ここで、ｔｎおよびｔｎ＋１は、メモリした連続する時刻データである。メモリした時刻ｔｎおよびｔｎ＋１から、系統電圧Ｖｓの周波数ｆを（１）式にて計算する（処理２０８）。 When the system fluctuation Vs zero-crosses at a certain time, the power fluctuation detection device 116 stores the time (processing 200, 202, 204, 206). However, the time of zero crossing is stored only when the system voltage Vs changes from positive to negative or from negative to positive. Here, t n and t n + 1 are memorized continuous time data. From the stored times t n and t n + 1 , the frequency f of the system voltage Vs is calculated by the equation (1) (processing 208).

Figure 2010187482
処理２１０で示すｆｍａｘおよびｆｍｉｎは、電力動揺の有無を判定する周波数の上下限値である。電力動揺検出装置１１６は、処理２１０の判定に従い、電力動揺の有無を判定し、電力動揺判定信号Ａおよび電圧Ｖｓの周波数ｆを、風車制御装置１１０へ出力する（処理２１２、２１４、２１６）。電力動揺検出装置１１６は、周波数ｆがｆｍａｘより低く、かつｆｍｉｎよりも高いときは電力動揺なし（Ａ＝０）と判定し、周波数ｆが上下限値（ｆｍａｘおよびｆｍｉｎ）を外れた場合は電力動揺あり（Ａ＝１）と判定する。
Figure 2010187482
 Fmax and fmin shown in the process 210 are upper and lower limits of the frequency for determining the presence or absence of power fluctuation. The power fluctuation detection device 116 determines the presence or absence of power fluctuation according to the determination in the process 210, and outputs the power fluctuation determination signal A and the frequency f of the voltage Vs to the windmill control apparatus 110 (processing 212, 214, and 216). The power fluctuation detection device 116 determines that there is no power fluctuation (A = 0) when the frequency f is lower than fmax and higher than fmin, and when the frequency f is out of the upper and lower limit values (fmax and fmin) It is determined that there is shaking (A = 1).

次に、風車制御装置１１０がもつ、系統安定化機能（ＰＳＳ機能）の詳細な制御を図４のフローチャートおよび図５，図６を用いて説明する。   Next, detailed control of the system stabilizing function (PSS function) of the wind turbine controller 110 will be described with reference to the flowchart of FIG. 4 and FIGS. 5 and 6.

図１における風力発電装置１００は、電力動揺を検出しなければ、電力系統に出力する無効電力を所定の力率（例えば、力率＝１）に制御し、風速の入力に従い有効電力を出力する（通常モード）。電力動揺を検出した際（電力動揺判定信号Ａ＝１）は、電力動揺を抑制するＰＳＳモードに切り替わる（処理３０２、３０４）。   The wind power generation apparatus 100 in FIG. 1 controls the reactive power output to the power system to a predetermined power factor (for example, power factor = 1) and outputs the active power according to the input of the wind speed unless power fluctuation is detected. (Normal mode). When power fluctuation is detected (power fluctuation determination signal A = 1), the mode is switched to the PSS mode that suppresses power fluctuation (processing 302 and 304).

ＰＳＳモードに切り替わると、風力発電装置自身の出力が系統に悪影響を与えないようにするために、有効電力指令値および／または翼角度指令値の絞り演算を開始する（処理３０６）。同時に、電力動揺を抑制するための無効電力指令値演算を開始する（処理３０８）。ここで、有効電力指令値および／または翼角度指令値の絞り演算は、ある一定のレートで絞るなどして、系統への影響を小さくするように動作すると良い。   When the mode is switched to the PSS mode, the aperture calculation of the active power command value and / or the blade angle command value is started in order to prevent the output of the wind turbine generator itself from adversely affecting the system (processing 306). At the same time, the reactive power command value calculation for suppressing power fluctuation is started (processing 308). Here, the aperture calculation of the active power command value and / or the blade angle command value may be operated so as to reduce the influence on the system, for example, by reducing the command at a certain rate.

以上の処理で電力動揺が収まれば（電力動揺判定信号Ａ＝０）、ＰＳＳモードから再び通常モードへ移行する（処理３１０）。もし、収まらない場合には、有効電力指令値をゼロと比較し、ゼロになるまで有効電力指令値絞り演算を継続する（処理３１２、３０６）。ここでは、有効電力指令値と比較する値をゼロと比較する例を示しているが、例えば、システム容量の半分など、ゼロでなくともよい。この間、無効電力指令値演算（処理３０８）は継続され、電力動揺が収束するまで続く。   If the power fluctuation is settled by the above processing (power fluctuation determination signal A = 0), the PSS mode is shifted to the normal mode again (processing 310). If not, the active power command value is compared with zero, and the active power command value aperture calculation is continued until it becomes zero (processing 312 and 306). Here, an example is shown in which the value to be compared with the active power command value is compared with zero, but it may not be zero, for example, half of the system capacity. During this time, the reactive power command value calculation (process 308) is continued and continues until the power fluctuation converges.

次に、無効電力指令値を計算する無効電力制御系について、図５と図６を用いて説明する。   Next, the reactive power control system for calculating the reactive power command value will be described with reference to FIGS. 5 and 6.

まず、図５の定数器４０６を用いた回転数変化Δωの求め方について説明する。周波数ｆの時間変化Δｆから（２）式に従い軸速度ωの時間変化Δωを求める。   First, how to determine the rotational speed change Δω using the constant device 406 of FIG. 5 will be described. The time change Δω of the shaft speed ω is obtained from the time change Δf of the frequency f according to the equation (2).

Figure 2010187482
ここで、図１に示したように、Ｘ１は電力系統１０４のインピーダンス、Ｘ２は同期発電機１２０から電力系統の接続点までのインピーダンスをそれぞれ示している。定数Ｋ１は、同期発電機１２０の容量などにより決まる。
Figure 2010187482
 Here, as shown in FIG. 1, X 1 represents the impedance of the power system 104, X 2 is the impedance from the alternator 120 to the connection point of the power system, respectively. The constant K 1 is determined by the capacity of the synchronous generator 120 and the like.

次に、図６を用いて、回転数時間変化Δωから無効電力指令値Ｑｒｅｆを求める方法について説明する。図６に示すように、動揺抑制のための無効電力指令値Ｑｒｅｆは、軸速度ωの時間変化Δωから求めることができる。このとき、定数Ｔ１の逆数はハイパスフィルタ４００のカットオフ周波数、Ｋ１は定数器４０２のゲイン、定数Ｔ２およびＴ３は位相補償器４０４の時定数である。 Next, a method for obtaining the reactive power command value Qref from the rotational speed change Δω will be described with reference to FIG. As shown in FIG. 6, the reactive power command value Qref for suppressing the vibration can be obtained from the temporal change Δω of the shaft speed ω. At this time, the reciprocal of the constant T 1 is the cutoff frequency of the high-pass filter 400, K 1 is the gain of the constant unit 402, and the constants T 2 and T 3 are the time constants of the phase compensator 404.

系統安定化機能（ＰＳＳ）は、一般に、回転数にバンドパスフィルタと位相補償を用いて励磁電圧指令を変更する方法などが知られており、ここでは、励磁電圧指令の代わりに、図中の無効電力指令Ｑｒｅｆを用いる。風力発電装置１００の無効電力を調整することで、同期発電機１２０の端子電圧を調整できるため、電力動揺を抑制できる。   The system stabilization function (PSS) is generally known as a method of changing the excitation voltage command using a bandpass filter and phase compensation for the number of revolutions. Here, instead of the excitation voltage command, The reactive power command Qref is used. By adjusting the reactive power of the wind power generator 100, the terminal voltage of the synchronous generator 120 can be adjusted, so that power fluctuation can be suppressed.

本実施例の構成により、風力発電装置１００が同期発電機１２０の動揺を検出でき、さらに風力発電装置１００の出力する無効電力を調整することで、同期発電機１２０の安定化に寄与できる。   With the configuration of the present embodiment, the wind power generator 100 can detect the fluctuation of the synchronous generator 120, and further adjust the reactive power output from the wind power generator 100, thereby contributing to the stabilization of the synchronous generator 120.

実施例１では、系統連系用変圧器１０２−０２の二次側電圧から電力動揺を検出する場合について説明したが、図７に示すように、同期発電機１２０の軸速度ωを検出することによっても、系統安定化機能を実現することができる。   In the first embodiment, the case where the power fluctuation is detected from the secondary side voltage of the grid interconnection transformer 102-02 has been described. However, as illustrated in FIG. 7, the shaft speed ω of the synchronous generator 120 is detected. Therefore, the system stabilization function can be realized.

まず、電力動揺検出装置１１６は、同期発電機１２０の軸速度ωを入力し、電力動揺を軸速度の変動に基づいて検知することで、この軸速度の変動に応じて同期発電機１２０の電力動揺の有無を判定する。そして、電力動揺を検知すれば、この軸速度の変動に応じて無効電力の制御を実行する。   First, the power fluctuation detection device 116 receives the axial speed ω of the synchronous generator 120 and detects the power fluctuation based on the fluctuation of the axial speed, so that the power of the synchronous generator 120 is detected according to the fluctuation of the axial speed. Determine the presence or absence of shaking. If power fluctuation is detected, reactive power control is executed according to the fluctuation of the shaft speed.

図６を用いて、同期発電機１２０の軸速度ωを用いた場合の無効電力制御系について説明する。実施例１と同様に、無効電力指令値Ｑｒｅｆは、軸速度ωの時間変化Δωを入力として、ハイパスフィルタ４００，定数器４０２，位相調整器４０４を通すことにより求めることができる。   The reactive power control system when the shaft speed ω of the synchronous generator 120 is used will be described with reference to FIG. Similar to the first embodiment, the reactive power command value Qref can be obtained by passing the time change Δω of the axial speed ω as an input and passing through the high-pass filter 400, the constant unit 402, and the phase adjuster 404.

実施例１では、系統連系用変圧器１０２−０２の二次側電圧から電力動揺を検出する場合について説明したが、図８に示すように、同期発電機１２０の内部相差角θを検出することによっても、系統安定化機能を実現することができる。   In the first embodiment, the case where power fluctuation is detected from the secondary side voltage of the grid interconnection transformer 102-02 has been described. However, as shown in FIG. 8, the internal phase difference angle θ of the synchronous generator 120 is detected. Therefore, the system stabilization function can be realized.

内部相差角θは、例えば、発電機インピーダンス、発電機電流、発電機端子電圧から内部誘起電圧を推定し、内部誘起電圧と発電機端子電圧との位相差から求めることができる。   The internal phase difference angle θ can be obtained from, for example, an internal induced voltage estimated from a generator impedance, a generator current, and a generator terminal voltage, and a phase difference between the internal induced voltage and the generator terminal voltage.

まず、電力動揺検出装置１１６は、同期発電機１２０の発電機インピーダンス、発電機電流、発電機端子電圧から内部誘起電圧を推定し、内部誘起電圧と発電機端子電圧との位相差から内部相差角θを求める。そして、この内部相差角θの変動に応じて同期発電機１２０の電力動揺の有無を判定し、電力動揺を検知すれば、この内部相差角θの変動に応じて無効電力の制御を実行する。   First, the power fluctuation detection device 116 estimates the internal induced voltage from the generator impedance, the generator current, and the generator terminal voltage of the synchronous generator 120, and determines the internal phase difference angle from the phase difference between the internal induced voltage and the generator terminal voltage. Find θ. Then, the presence or absence of power fluctuation of the synchronous generator 120 is determined according to the fluctuation of the internal phase difference angle θ, and if power fluctuation is detected, the reactive power is controlled according to the fluctuation of the internal phase difference angle θ.

図９を用いて、発電機１２０の内部相差角θを用いた場合の無効電力制御系について説明する。無効電力指令値Ｑｒｅｆは、まず内部相差角θの時間変化Δθを入力として、微分演算子４０８を通すことにより軸速度ωの時間変化Δωを求め、さらに前記Δωから、図６に示されるブロック図を用いることで求めることができる。   The reactive power control system when the internal phase difference angle θ of the generator 120 is used will be described with reference to FIG. The reactive power command value Qref is obtained by first obtaining the time change Δω of the axial speed ω by passing through the differential operator 408 with the time change Δθ of the internal phase difference angle θ as an input, and further from the Δω, the block diagram shown in FIG. Can be obtained by using.

実施例１では、系統連系用変圧器１０２−０２の二次側電圧から電力動揺を検出する場合について説明したが、図８に示すように、同期発電機１２０の有効電力Ｐを検出することによっても、系統安定化機能を実現することができる。   In the first embodiment, the case where the power fluctuation is detected from the secondary side voltage of the grid interconnection transformer 102-02 has been described. However, as shown in FIG. 8, the active power P of the synchronous generator 120 is detected. Therefore, the system stabilization function can be realized.

まず、電力動揺検出装置１１６は、同期発電機１２０の有効電力Ｐを入力し、電力動揺を有効電力Ｐの変動に基づいて検知することで、この有効電力Ｐの変動に応じて同期発電機１２０の電力動揺の有無を判定する。そして、電力動揺を検知すれば、この有効電力Ｐの変動に応じて無効電力の制御を実行する。   First, the power fluctuation detection device 116 receives the active power P of the synchronous generator 120 and detects the power fluctuation based on the fluctuation of the active power P, so that the synchronous generator 120 according to the fluctuation of the active power P. The presence or absence of power fluctuation is determined. If power fluctuation is detected, reactive power control is executed according to the fluctuation of the active power P.

図１０を用いて、同期発電機１２０の有効電力Ｐを用いた場合の無効電力制御系の例について説明する。図１０は（３）式をブロック図で表現したものである。（３）式に示すように、同期発電機１２０の有効電力Ｐを入力として、軸速度の時間変化Δωを求める。さらに前記Δωから、図６に示したブロック図を用いることで無効電力指令値Ｑｒｅｆを求めることができる。   An example of the reactive power control system when the active power P of the synchronous generator 120 is used will be described with reference to FIG. FIG. 10 is a block diagram of Expression (3). As shown in the equation (3), the active power P of the synchronous generator 120 is used as an input to determine the temporal change Δω of the shaft speed. Further, reactive power command value Qref can be obtained from Δω by using the block diagram shown in FIG.

Figure 2010187482
ここで、Ｖｓは系統電圧、Ｖｓｇは同期発電機１２０の端子電圧である。（３）式は、系統電圧Ｖｓと同期発電機１２０の端子電圧Ｖｓｇがそれぞれあまり変動しない、また、θ（ｔ）≒０であるという仮定の下に成り立つ式である。
Figure 2010187482
 Here, Vs is a system voltage, and Vsg is a terminal voltage of the synchronous generator 120. The expression (3) is an expression that is established under the assumption that the system voltage Vs and the terminal voltage Vsg of the synchronous generator 120 do not vary so much and that θ (t) ≈0.

１００…風力発電装置、１０２−０２，１０２−０４…系統連系用変圧器、１０４…電力系統、１０４−０２…発電設備、１０４−０４…送電線等のインピーダンス、１０６…発電機、１０６ａ…巻線型誘導発電機、１０８…翼、１１０…風車制御装置、１１２…コンバータ、１１４…コンバータ制御装置、１１６…電力動揺検出装置、１１８…電力系統の接続点、１２０…同期発電機、１２２…翼角度変更装置、ＰＴｓ…電圧センサ、ＣＴ…電流センサ、Ｐｉｔｃｈ＊…翼角度指令値、Ｐｒｅｆ…有効電力指令値、Ｑｒｅｆ…無効電力指令値、ｔｎ…あるサンプリングｎにおける時刻、ｔｎ＋１…あるサンプリングｎ＋１における時刻、ｆ…発電機動揺周波数、ｆｍａｘ…電力動揺判定上限値、ｆｍｉｎ…電力動揺判定下限値、Ｖｓ…風力発電装置端子電圧、Ｖｓｇ…同期発電機端子電圧、Ｉｓ…系統電流、ω…軸速度、θ…内部相差角、Ａ…電力動揺判定信号、Ｋ１，Ｋ２…ゲイン、Ｔ１，Ｔ２，Ｔ３…時定数。 DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 100 ... Wind power generator, 102-02, 102-04 ... Transformer for grid connection, 104 ... Electric power system, 104-02 ... Power generation equipment, 104-04 ... Impedance of transmission lines, etc. 106 ... Generator, 106a ... Winding induction generator, 108 ... blade, 110 ... windmill control device, 112 ... converter, 114 ... converter control device, 116 ... power fluctuation detection device, 118 ... power system connection point, 120 ... synchronous generator, 122 ... blade angle changing device, PTs ... voltage sensor, CT ... current sensor, Pitch * ... blade angle command value, Pref ... active power command value, Qref ... reactive power command value, t n ... time at a sampling n, t n + 1 ... is sampling Time at n + 1, f: generator oscillation frequency, fmax: power oscillation determination upper limit value, fmin: power oscillation determination lower limit value, Vs: wind Power generator terminal voltage, Vsg ... Synchronous generator terminal voltage, Is ... System current, ω ... Axis speed, θ ... Internal phase difference angle, A ... Power fluctuation determination signal, K 1 , K 2 ... Gain, T 1 , T 2 , T 3 Time constant.

Claims (13)

風車と、この風車の回転により発電する多相交流発電機と、この発電機の発電電力を制御して電力系統に有効電力と無効電力を供給する電力変換器と、前記有効電力と前記無効電力の指令値および前記風車の翼の角度指令値を決定する風車制御装置と、前記翼の角度指令値に基づいて前記翼の角度を変更する翼角度変更手段とを備える風力発電装置において、
前記風力発電装置は、少なくとも１つの同期発電機を含む電力系統と電気的に接続されており、前記電力系統の電力動揺を検出する手段と、この電力動揺を検出したことに応じて、この電力動揺を抑制する系統安定化手段とを備えたことを特徴とする風力発電装置。 A wind turbine, a multi-phase AC generator that generates power by rotating the wind turbine, a power converter that controls the generated power of the generator to supply active power and reactive power to the power system, the active power and the reactive power A wind turbine generator comprising: a wind turbine control device that determines the command value of the blade and an angle command value of the blade of the wind turbine; and blade angle changing means that changes the angle of the blade based on the angle command value of the blade.
The wind power generator is electrically connected to an electric power system including at least one synchronous generator, and means for detecting the electric power fluctuation of the electric power system and the electric power in response to detecting the electric power fluctuation. A wind power generator comprising system stabilization means for suppressing shaking. 請求項１において、前記電力動揺検出手段は、前記風力発電装置が電力系統に接続される連系点の電圧を入力し、前記電力動揺を交流電圧の周波数変動によって検知する手段を備え、この周波数変動から前記同期発電機の電力動揺の有無を判定する手段を備えたことを特徴とする風力発電装置。   2. The power fluctuation detection means according to claim 1, further comprising means for inputting a voltage at an interconnection point where the wind turbine generator is connected to an electric power system, and detecting the electric power fluctuation by a frequency fluctuation of an AC voltage. A wind turbine generator comprising means for determining the presence or absence of power fluctuation of the synchronous generator from fluctuations. 請求項１において、前記電力動揺検出手段は、前記同期発電機の有効電力を入力し、前記電力動揺を電力の変動周波数によって検知する手段を備え、この変動周波数から前記同期発電機の電力動揺の有無を判定する手段を備えたことを特徴とする風力発電装置。   The power fluctuation detection means according to claim 1, further comprising means for inputting the effective power of the synchronous generator and detecting the power fluctuation based on a fluctuation frequency of the power, and the power fluctuation of the synchronous generator is detected from the fluctuation frequency. A wind power generator comprising means for determining presence or absence. 請求項１において、前記電力動揺検出手段は、前記同期発電機と前記電力系統との内部相差角を、発電機インピーダンス、発電機電流、発電機端子電圧から計算する手段を備え、前記内部相差角を入力し、前記電力動揺を内部相差角の変動に基づいて検出する手段を備え、この内部相差角の変動から前記同期発電機の電力動揺の有無を判定する手段を備えたことを特徴とする風力発電装置。   2. The power fluctuation detecting means according to claim 1, comprising means for calculating an internal phase difference angle between the synchronous generator and the power system from a generator impedance, a generator current, and a generator terminal voltage, and the internal phase difference angle. And a means for detecting the power fluctuation based on the fluctuation of the internal phase difference angle, and a means for judging the presence or absence of the power fluctuation of the synchronous generator from the fluctuation of the internal phase difference angle. Wind power generator. 請求項１において、前記電力動揺検出手段は、前記同期発電機の軸速度を入力し、前記電力動揺を軸速度の変動に基づいて検知する手段を備え、この軸速度の変動に応じて前記同期発電機の電力動揺の有無を判定する手段を備えたことを特徴とする風力発電装置。   2. The power fluctuation detecting means according to claim 1, further comprising means for inputting an axial speed of the synchronous generator and detecting the electric power fluctuation based on a fluctuation in the axial speed, and the synchronization is detected in accordance with the fluctuation in the axial speed. A wind power generator characterized by comprising means for determining the presence or absence of power fluctuation of a generator. 請求項１〜５のいずれかにおいて、前記系統安定化手段は、前記電力動揺検出手段により電力動揺を検出した際に、前記電力変換器の無効電力指令値を変更する手段を備えたことを特徴とする風力発電装置。   6. The system stabilizing means according to claim 1, further comprising means for changing a reactive power command value of the power converter when power fluctuation is detected by the power fluctuation detecting means. Wind power generator. 請求項１〜５のいずれかにおいて、前記系統安定化手段は、前記風力発電装置が電力系統に接続される連系点電圧の変動周波数に基づいて無効電力指令値を作成する手段を備えたことを特徴とする風力発電装置。   6. The grid stabilization means according to claim 1, further comprising means for creating a reactive power command value based on a fluctuating frequency of a connection point voltage at which the wind turbine generator is connected to a power grid. Wind power generator characterized by. 請求項１〜５のいずれかにおいて、前記系統安定化手段は、前記同期発電機の有効電力の周波数変動に基づいて無効電力指令値を作成する手段を備えたことを特徴とする風力発電装置。   6. The wind turbine generator according to claim 1, wherein the system stabilizing unit includes a unit that creates a reactive power command value based on a frequency variation of the active power of the synchronous generator. 請求項１〜５のいずれかにおいて、前記系統安定化手段は、前記同期発電機の内部相差角の位相変動に基づいて無効電力指令値を作成する手段を備えたことを特徴とする風力発電装置。   6. The wind turbine generator according to claim 1, wherein the system stabilizing means includes means for creating a reactive power command value based on a phase fluctuation of an internal phase difference angle of the synchronous generator. . 請求項１〜５のいずれかにおいて、前記系統安定化手段は、前記同期発電機の軸速度変化に基づいて無効電力指令値を作成する手段を備えたことを特徴とする風力発電装置。   6. The wind power generator according to claim 1, wherein the system stabilizing means includes means for creating a reactive power command value based on a change in shaft speed of the synchronous generator. 請求項１〜１０のいずれかにおいて、前記風車制御装置は、前記電力動揺検出手段が電力動揺を検出したとき、発電電力を絞るように有効電力指令値および／または翼角度指令値を決定する手段を備えたことを特徴とする風力発電装置。   11. The wind turbine control device according to claim 1, wherein the wind turbine controller determines an active power command value and / or a blade angle command value so as to reduce the generated power when the power fluctuation detecting means detects power fluctuation. A wind power generator characterized by comprising: 請求項１１において、前記風車制御装置は、前記有効電力指令値および／または翼角度指令値を所定のレートで絞り込む手段を備えたことを特徴とする風力発電装置。   12. The wind turbine generator according to claim 11, wherein the wind turbine controller includes means for narrowing down the active power command value and / or blade angle command value at a predetermined rate. 風車の回転に基づいて多相交流発電機に発電させ、電力系統に有効電力と無効電力を供給するように電力変換器を制御し、前記有効電力と前記無効電力の指令値および前記風車の翼の角度指令値を決定し、この角度指令値に基づいて前記翼の角度を変更する風力発電装置の制御方法において、
前記風力発電装置を、少なくとも１つの同期発電機を含む電力系統に電気的に接続し、前記電力系統の電力動揺を検出し、この電力動揺を抑制するように安定化制御することを特徴とする風力発電装置の制御方法。 Based on the rotation of the windmill, the multiphase AC generator generates power, and a power converter is controlled so as to supply active power and reactive power to the power system, the command values of the active power and the reactive power, and the blades of the windmill In the control method of the wind turbine generator that determines the angle command value of the and changes the angle of the blade based on the angle command value,
The wind power generator is electrically connected to an electric power system including at least one synchronous generator, the electric power fluctuation of the electric power system is detected, and the stabilization control is performed so as to suppress the electric power fluctuation. A method for controlling a wind turbine generator.
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