JP2010185191A - Blast wave energy conversion system - Google Patents

Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide an effective and proper countermeasure to cope with damage from explosion being applicable to such simple facility as a hydrogen station. <P>SOLUTION: In this blast wave energy conversion system for reducing damage due to blast wave by converting pressure energy of blast into kinetic energy, a primary blast wave hole 5 for letting blast pass through it is formed by arranging a primary pressure receiving board 1 at a position where it receives blast in an indoor section, a secondary blast wave hole 6 is formed in secondary pressure receiving boards 2 by arranging them at an interval therebetween on a rear surface side of the primary pressure receiving board, a shock absorbing chamber 3 is provided on a rear surface side of the secondary pressure receiving board, and an air exhaust tower 4 is provided in the shock absorbing chamber. A rotating body 7 being rotated by blast is provided on a front face side of the secondary blast wave hole 6 to convert kinetic energy of blast wave into rotary kinetic energy of the rotating body. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2010,JPO&INPIT

Description

  The present invention relates to an apparatus for reducing explosion damage caused by gas or explosives, and more particularly, to a blast pressure energy conversion apparatus capable of reducing damage caused by blast pressure by reducing pressure energy of the blast.

  In the unlikely event that gas or explosives explode in a space such as a gas cylinder room or an explosives storage, a normal concrete wall will cause a blast to reflect at the fixed end, resulting in a strong pressure rise locally, especially in semi-enclosed spaces. In the corners, the pressure is greatly increased, so serious personal injury and property damage are assumed.

  As a damage mitigation measure that assumes this type of explosion, a high-strength resin material such as polyurethane, for example, is used on the back side of the outer wall that is expected to be destroyed by the explosion in order to reduce damage to the outside of the site during the explosion. It is considered that a protective sheet layer is formed by spraying or pasting, and that the protective sheet layer suppresses the destruction of the outer wall and the accompanying scattering of concrete pieces as much as possible.

  Patent Document 1 also proposes a hydrogen storage building that minimizes the damage to the explosion and the influence on the surroundings by keeping the roof surface peeled off integrally by the blast in the event of an explosion.

  Furthermore, although it is assumed that an aircraft will explode, Patent Document 2 has a proposal for a composite material that can effectively absorb blasts and debris generated by the explosion. It is thought that the explosion damage can be reduced by installing it in the explosives storage.

JP 2008-57185 A Japanese Patent No. 2888634

By the way, it is assumed that fuel cell vehicles that are currently under development will spread in the near future, and accordingly, a hydrogen station (corresponding to a conventional gas station) for supplying hydrogen as fuel to fuel cell vehicles as needed. ) Is expected to be installed in many places.
The hydrogen station is a facility that handles a large amount of explosive hydrogen, and it is also installed in urban areas and downtown areas, so it is urgently necessary to establish safety measures. Application of safety measures to hydrogen stations is also being considered.

  However, simply forming the protective sheet layer as the above-mentioned prior art on the outer wall of the hydrogen station does not change the fact that a large blast pressure is applied to the outer wall at the time of explosion, and that alone can be a sufficient safety measure. Absent.

  In addition, since the energy in the event of an explosion of hydrogen is extremely large, the method as disclosed in Patent Document 1 is not sufficient. In particular, more thorough safety measures are required to sufficiently suppress damage caused by blast pressure. Is considered necessary.

  Note that the composite material shown in Patent Document 2 has a very special and complicated structure for aircraft, so this is a hydrogen that requires as simple a facility as possible and economical operation. It is not practical to apply it to a station as it is, and it is considered that the effectiveness and reliability when a hydrogen explosion is assumed are not necessarily sufficient.

  In view of the above circumstances, an object of the present invention is to provide effective and appropriate explosion damage countermeasure means that can be applied to a simple facility such as a hydrogen station.

  The blast pressure energy conversion device according to claim 1 is a device for reducing damage caused by blast pressure by receiving blast when gas or explosive explodes and converting pressure energy of the blast into kinetic energy. A primary pressure receiving plate is disposed at a position to receive the blast in the room to form a primary blast hole for allowing the blast to pass through the primary pressure receiving plate, and a secondary pressure receiving plate is provided at an interval on the back side of the primary pressure receiving plate. A secondary blast hole for allowing the blast to further pass through the secondary pressure plate is provided, and a buffer chamber into which the blast that has passed through the secondary blast hole flows is provided on the back side of the secondary pressure plate, and the buffer The chamber is provided with an exhaust tower for releasing the blast outside the room, and the blast is passed through the primary blast hole and the secondary blast hole and exhausted to the outside through the buffer chamber and the exhaust tower. Blast through flow With increasing kinetic energy made to increase the is characterized in that capable of reducing the pressure energy.

  The invention described in claim 2 is the blast pressure energy conversion device according to claim 1, wherein the blast passes through the secondary blast hole on the front side of the secondary blast hole formed in the secondary pressure receiving plate. And a rotating body that is rotated by the rotating blast energy, and the rotating body is rotated by the blast that passes through the secondary blast hole, thereby converting the kinetic energy of the blast into the rotational kinetic energy of the rotating body.

  According to the blast pressure energy conversion device of the present invention, when the blast passes through the primary blast hole and the secondary blast hole, the flow velocity of the blast increases, and therefore the kinetic energy (dynamic pressure) of the blast increases according to Bernoulli's law. However, the pressure energy (static pressure) is reduced by the increase. Therefore, although the total energy (total pressure) before and after the passage of the blast does not change as the blast passes through this device, the blast pressure that is the direct cause of the massive explosion damage can be reduced, and the damage caused thereby can be reduced. It becomes possible.

  In addition, by providing a rotating body that is rotated by receiving a blast on the front side of the secondary blast hole, a part of the kinetic energy of the blast is expended to rotate the rotating body, and the rotational kinetic energy of the rotating body. It is possible to reduce the total energy of the blast that passes through this device.

It is a figure which shows the outline | summary of the blast pressure energy converter which is 1st Embodiment of this invention. It is a figure which shows the outline | summary of the blast pressure energy converter which is 2nd Embodiment of this invention. It is a figure which shows a rotary body similarly.

  FIG. 1 shows an outline of a blast pressure energy conversion apparatus according to a first embodiment of the present invention. This is to reduce the explosion damage when hydrogen is exploded by installing it in a hydrogen station, which is a facility for supplying hydrogen as fuel to fuel cell vehicles as needed.

The apparatus of the present embodiment is installed in a room where a hydrogen explosion is assumed, and a primary pressure plate 1 disposed facing the indoor side, and a secondary pressure plate disposed at an interval on the back side thereof. 2, a buffer chamber 3 integrally provided on the back side thereof, and an exhaust tower 4 connected to the buffer chamber 3 and having its tip directed in a safe direction and opened to the outside (in the atmosphere). ing.
The apparatus is preferably installed so as to cover the entire wall surface in the room, and is particularly preferably installed in the corner of the room where the blast pressure is concentrated. Furthermore, it is more preferable to install so that not only a wall surface but the whole floor surface and the whole ceiling surface may be covered.

The primary pressure receiving plate 1 is a strong flat plate having a strength capable of withstanding the blast pressure assumed to be received in the case of a hydrogen explosion, and a plurality of primary blast holes 5 through which the blast can pass are formed. .
For example, a gypsum board with a thickness of about 200 mm can be suitably used as the material of the primary pressure receiving plate 1, but there is no particular limitation, and a steel plate, a concrete plate, or various materials can be combined as long as they can withstand the blast. Any composite material can be used.
The diameter of the primary blast hole 5 and the opening ratio with respect to the primary pressure receiving plate 1 (that is, the arrangement of the primary blast holes 5 as a whole and the mutual interval) allow the blast to pass at a predetermined flow velocity in consideration of the assumed blast pressure. However, it is preferable to arrange them in a staggered manner as shown in the example in the drawing with a diameter of about 300 mm.

The secondary pressure plate 2 is also the same as the primary pressure plate 1, and a large number of secondary pressure plates 2 can pass through a strong flat plate having a strength capable of withstanding the blast pressure expected to be received during a hydrogen explosion. The next blast hole 6 is formed.
The material and thickness of the secondary pressure plate 2 may be the same as that of the primary pressure plate 1, but the required strength may be slightly lower than that of the primary pressure plate 1, and thus, for example, a gypsum board having a thickness of about 50 mm. Can be suitably employed.
The diameter and opening ratio of the secondary blast holes 6 are also arbitrary, but may be smaller than the primary blast holes 5 to be, for example, about φ100 mm, and may be arranged in a grid pattern as shown in the illustrated example.
The primary pressure plate 1 and the secondary pressure plate 2 may be appropriately spaced from each other, but they should be close to each other so that the passage speed of the blast does not greatly decrease when passing between them.

When a hydrogen explosion occurs in the room where this equipment is installed, the primary pressure receiving plate 1 first receives a blast, and the blast passes through the primary blast hole 5 and reaches the secondary pressure receiving plate 2, and further passes through the secondary blast hole 6. Then, it flows into the buffer chamber 3.
At that time, the blast flows from a large room space so as to be narrowed down into the narrow primary blast hole 5, so that the passage flow velocity increases according to Bernoulli's law, and the kinetic energy (dynamic pressure) of the blast increases accordingly. Conversely, pressure energy (static pressure) decreases.
That is, the density of the blast [rho, the flow velocity v, when the pressure ^{p, ρv 2/2 + p} = const by the Bernoulli principle.
Therefore, if the passage flow velocity v at the time of passing through the primary blast hole 5 increases, the pressure p decreases accordingly.

Then, the blast that has passed through the secondary blast hole 6 of the secondary pressure receiving plate 2 and increased in flow velocity and reduced in pressure is discharged as it is from the buffer chamber 3 through the exhaust tower 4 to the outside in a safe direction. It is supposed to end up.
That is, the pressure of the blast passing through the apparatus is naturally reduced as compared with the blast pressure at the time of reaching the apparatus. Therefore, the blast pressure acting on the buffer chamber 3 and the exhaust tower 4 is also reduced and destroyed. Can reduce damage.

  2 to 3 show an outline of a blast pressure energy conversion apparatus according to the second embodiment of the present invention. This is a rotating body 7 that is rotated by a blast passing through the secondary blast holes 6 on the front side of each secondary blast hole 6 with respect to the blast pressure energy conversion device of the first embodiment. .

The rotating body 7 is slightly smaller in diameter than the secondary blast hole 6 (for example, about 70 mm when the diameter of the secondary blast hole 6 is 100 mm) and has a disk shape or a scale-like shape with a thickness of about 2 mm. As the material, a metal plate such as an aluminum plate or a resin molded plate can be suitably used.
The rotating plate 7 is attached to the secondary pressure receiving plate 2 so that its outer peripheral edge is freely rotatable by a pin 8, and is automatically rotated around the pin 8 by receiving a blast passing through the secondary blast hole 6. is there.
In addition, it is good to form some twists (twist) like the blade of a windmill so that the rotary body 7 receives a blast and rotates reliably.

  By installing the rotating body 7, a part of the kinetic energy of the blast passing through the secondary blast hole 6 is consumed to rotate the rotating body 7 and converted into the rotational kinetic energy of the rotating body 7. Accordingly, the total energy of the blast passing through the apparatus can be reduced, and the damage can be further reduced as compared with the first embodiment.

As described above, according to the apparatus of the present invention, it is possible to reduce the blast pressure that is the direct cause of the massive explosion damage, and it is possible to reduce the damage caused thereby.
Furthermore, by adding the rotating body 7, the total energy of the blast can be reduced, and a further damage reduction effect can be obtained.
The apparatus of the present invention is mainly composed of only two pressure receiving plates having simple holes through which the blast can pass, and the configuration thereof is extremely simple and simple. Is small and does not require routine maintenance, and is therefore ideal for small and simple facilities such as hydrogen stations.

In addition, the said embodiment is a suitable example to the last, and this invention is not limited to the said embodiment, About the shape of each component, a dimension, a material, etc., the expected explosion scale and this are installed. Appropriate design changes and applications can be made without departing from the gist of the present invention while taking into account the explosion safety and other conditions required for the facility.
Of course, the blast pressure energy conversion device of the present invention is not limited to a hydrogen station for supplying fuel to a fuel cell vehicle, but it is widely used in facilities that handle explosive gases and explosives and have an explosion risk. Needless to say, it can be applied.

1 Primary pressure plate 2 Secondary pressure plate 3 Buffer chamber 4 Exhaust tower 5 Primary blast hole 6 Secondary blast hole 7 Rotating body 8 Pin

Claims (2)

A device for reducing damage caused by blast pressure by converting the pressure energy of the blast to kinetic energy in response to a blast when a gas or explosive explodes,
A primary pressure receiving plate is arranged at a position to receive the blast in the room, and a primary blast hole is formed to allow the blast to pass through the primary pressure receiving plate,
Forming a secondary blast hole for allowing a blast to further pass through the secondary pressure plate by disposing a secondary pressure plate at an interval on the back side of the primary pressure plate;
A buffer chamber into which the blast that has passed through the secondary blast hole flows is provided on the back side of the secondary pressure plate,
The buffer chamber is provided with an exhaust tower for escaping the blast outside the room,
The blast passes through the primary blast hole and the secondary blast hole and is exhausted outside through the buffer chamber and the exhaust tower, thereby increasing the passage velocity of the blast and increasing the kinetic energy and the pressure energy. A blast pressure energy conversion device characterized by being reduced. A blast pressure energy conversion device according to claim 1,
A rotating body that is rotated by a blast passing through the secondary blast hole is provided on the front side of the secondary blast hole formed in the secondary pressure receiving plate, and the rotating body is rotated by a blast passing through the secondary blast hole. A blast pressure energy converter characterized in that the kinetic energy of the blast is converted into the rotational kinetic energy of the rotating body.

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