JP2010168035A - Drive axle - Google Patents

Drive axle Download PDF

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Publication number
JP2010168035A
JP2010168035A JP2009284114A JP2009284114A JP2010168035A JP 2010168035 A JP2010168035 A JP 2010168035A JP 2009284114 A JP2009284114 A JP 2009284114A JP 2009284114 A JP2009284114 A JP 2009284114A JP 2010168035 A JP2010168035 A JP 2010168035A
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Japan
Prior art keywords
drive
drive axle
axle
differential
electric machine
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JP2009284114A
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Japanese (ja)
Inventor
Martin Fuechtner
フュヒトナー マルティン
Joachim Gruenberger
グリューンベルガー ヨアヒム
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Dr Ing HCF Porsche AG
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Dr Ing HCF Porsche AG
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K1/00—Arrangement or mounting of electrical propulsion units
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K1/00—Arrangement or mounting of electrical propulsion units
    • B60K1/02—Arrangement or mounting of electrical propulsion units comprising more than one electric motor
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K17/00—Arrangement or mounting of transmissions in vehicles
    • B60K17/04—Arrangement or mounting of transmissions in vehicles characterised by arrangement, location, or kind of gearing
    • B60K17/043—Transmission unit disposed in on near the vehicle wheel, or between the differential gear unit and the wheel
    • B60K17/046—Transmission unit disposed in on near the vehicle wheel, or between the differential gear unit and the wheel with planetary gearing having orbital motion
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K17/00—Arrangement or mounting of transmissions in vehicles
    • B60K17/04—Arrangement or mounting of transmissions in vehicles characterised by arrangement, location, or kind of gearing
    • B60K17/06—Arrangement or mounting of transmissions in vehicles characterised by arrangement, location, or kind of gearing of change-speed gearing
    • B60K17/08—Arrangement or mounting of transmissions in vehicles characterised by arrangement, location, or kind of gearing of change-speed gearing of mechanical type
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K17/00—Arrangement or mounting of transmissions in vehicles
    • B60K17/04—Arrangement or mounting of transmissions in vehicles characterised by arrangement, location, or kind of gearing
    • B60K17/16—Arrangement or mounting of transmissions in vehicles characterised by arrangement, location, or kind of gearing of differential gearing
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K17/00—Arrangement or mounting of transmissions in vehicles
    • B60K17/04—Arrangement or mounting of transmissions in vehicles characterised by arrangement, location, or kind of gearing
    • B60K17/16—Arrangement or mounting of transmissions in vehicles characterised by arrangement, location, or kind of gearing of differential gearing
    • B60K17/165—Arrangement or mounting of transmissions in vehicles characterised by arrangement, location, or kind of gearing of differential gearing provided between independent half axles
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K17/00—Arrangement or mounting of transmissions in vehicles
    • B60K17/34—Arrangement or mounting of transmissions in vehicles for driving both front and rear wheels, e.g. four wheel drive vehicles
    • B60K17/356—Arrangement or mounting of transmissions in vehicles for driving both front and rear wheels, e.g. four wheel drive vehicles having fluid or electric motor, for driving one or more wheels
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K7/00—Disposition of motor in, or adjacent to, traction wheel
    • B60K7/0007—Disposition of motor in, or adjacent to, traction wheel the motor being electric
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K17/00—Arrangement or mounting of transmissions in vehicles
    • B60K17/04—Arrangement or mounting of transmissions in vehicles characterised by arrangement, location, or kind of gearing
    • B60K17/043—Transmission unit disposed in on near the vehicle wheel, or between the differential gear unit and the wheel
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K1/00—Arrangement or mounting of electrical propulsion units
    • B60K2001/001—Arrangement or mounting of electrical propulsion units one motor mounted on a propulsion axle for rotating right and left wheels of this axle
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L2220/00—Electrical machine types; Structures or applications thereof
    • B60L2220/40—Electrical machine applications
    • B60L2220/46—Wheel motors, i.e. motor connected to only one wheel
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16H—GEARING
    • F16H48/00—Differential gearings
    • F16H48/06—Differential gearings with gears having orbital motion
    • F16H48/10—Differential gearings with gears having orbital motion with orbital spur gears
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
    • Y02T10/62—Hybrid vehicles
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
    • Y02T10/72—Electric energy management in electromobility

Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a drive axle which can be used flexibly. <P>SOLUTION: The drive axle (1) includes two drive shafts (51', 51") which are disposed on the end portion of each axle and also on a common rotating axis (R<SB>1</SB>), a drive prime mover (2), and a differential device (4) which is subsequently arranged. Two driven shafts 5', 5" are provided in both output sections of the differential device for driving each drive shaft (51', 51") via each reduction gear. The reduction gear is so constituted that the reduction gears (7', 7") are formed as spur gearing, and have a rotating axis (R<SB>2</SB>) in which the drive prime mover and the output section of the differential device are disposed non-axially with respect to the common rotating axis of the drive shaft. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2010,JPO&INPIT

Description

本発明は、請求項１の前提部分に記載した駆動アクスル（ｄｒｉｖｅ ａｘｌｅ）に関する。   The invention relates to a drive axle as defined in the preamble of claim 1.

この種の駆動アクスルは下記特許文献１によって知られている。この場合、駆動原動機と差動装置が設けられ、差動装置の両出力部からそれぞれ被駆動軸が駆動アクスルの各アクスル端部まで案内されている。各アクスル端部にはそれぞれ減速装置が設けられている。この減速装置はホイールベアリングを一体化したホイールハブ駆動装置の１段式または多段式遊星歯車装置として形成されている。駆動アクスルの動力伝達路内においてそれぞれ十分後方に配置された減速装置によって、トルク増大作用が後の箇所で行われ、それに伴い動力伝達路内においてその手前の構成要素を比較的に弱い強度を有するように設計することができる。差動装置が遊星歯車装置として形成されていることにより、駆動アクスルの両ホイールハブと駆動原動機および差動装置がほぼ同軸に配置され、ひいては共通軸的な回転アクスルが生じる。   This type of drive axle is known from US Pat. In this case, a driving prime mover and a differential device are provided, and driven shafts are guided from both output portions of the differential device to each axle end portion of the drive axle. A reduction gear is provided at each axle end. This reduction gear is formed as a one-stage or multi-stage planetary gear device of a wheel hub driving device in which wheel bearings are integrated. The torque increasing action is performed at a later location by the reduction gears arranged sufficiently rearward in the power transmission path of the drive axle, and accordingly, the components in front of the power transmission path have a relatively weak strength. Can be designed as Since the differential device is formed as a planetary gear device, both the wheel hub of the drive axle, the drive prime mover, and the differential device are arranged substantially coaxially, and as a result, a common axial rotation axle is generated.

下記特許文献２は駆動原動機と差動装置との間に平歯車段を備えた駆動アクスルを提案している。この平歯車段の減速によって、動力伝達路においてそのあとでトルクが増大し、それによって駆動アクスルにおいて後続の動力伝達のために、より大きな強度を有する構成要素が必要である。   The following Patent Document 2 proposes a drive axle having a spur gear stage between a drive prime mover and a differential. This reduction of the spur gear stage subsequently increases the torque in the power transmission path, thereby requiring components with greater strength for subsequent power transmission in the drive axle.

下記特許文献３は差動装置と一方のアクスル端部との間の区間のためのバイパス伝動装置を備えた駆動アクスルを開示している。それによって、このアクスル区間では、回転軸線に対して平行な伝達路で動力が伝達される。このコストのかかる構造により、バイパス伝動装置の領域において部品を、回転軸線上にあるいは回転軸線のすぐそばに配置することが可能になる。下記特許文献４は、差動装置を用いずにアクスル端部に接続された２個の車輪を有する駆動アクスルを開示している。その際、電動機として形成された駆動原動機のロータは一方の車輪に接続され、ステータは他方の車輪に接続され、片方の車輪の回転方向を逆転させるための変速可能な装置が付加的に設けられている。   Patent Document 3 below discloses a drive axle having a bypass transmission for a section between a differential and one axle end. Thereby, in this axle section, power is transmitted through a transmission path parallel to the rotation axis. This costly construction makes it possible to place the components on the axis of rotation or in the immediate vicinity of the axis of rotation in the area of the bypass transmission. Patent Document 4 below discloses a drive axle having two wheels connected to an axle end without using a differential. In that case, the rotor of the drive prime mover formed as an electric motor is connected to one wheel, the stator is connected to the other wheel, and a gear-changeable device for reversing the rotational direction of one wheel is additionally provided. ing.

独国特許発明第４３００４４５Ｃ２号明細書German Patent Invention No. 4300445C2 独国特許出願公開第１０２１９９２１Ａ１号明細書German Patent Application No. 10219921A1 独国特許出願公開第１０２１１１９３Ａ１号明細書German Patent Application Publication No. 10211193A1 欧州特許第０８６７３２４Ｂ１号明細書European Patent No. 0867324B1 国際公開第００／０６４８３Ａ１号パンフレットInternational Publication No. 00 / 06484A1 Pamphlet 独国特許出願公開第１０２００４０５８９８４Ａ１号明細書German Patent Application No. 102004058984A1 独国特許発明第２９５１８４０２Ｕ１号明細書German Patent Invention No. 29518402U1

本発明の課題は、冒頭に述べた駆動アクスルを改良し、特にフレキシブルに使用できるように形成することである。   The object of the present invention is to improve the drive axle described at the outset and to make it particularly flexible.

この課題は請求項１の特徴によって解決される。従属請求項は本発明の有利な実施形態と発展形態に関する。   This problem is solved by the features of claim 1. The dependent claims relate to advantageous embodiments and developments of the invention.

本発明に従い、駆動アクスルの減速装置が平歯車装置として形成され、駆動原動機と差動装置の出力部が駆動軸の共通の回転軸線に対して非同軸に配置された回転軸線を有するように、減速装置が構成されている。換言すると、本発明は、駆動アクスルの重要な構成要素が両駆動軸の共通の回転軸線に対して平行ではあるが同軸でないように設けられることを提案している。容積の大きなまたはアクスルを形成する構成要素の少なくとも一部が、駆動原動機や差動装置と共に、共通の回転軸線の傍らにまたは外に設けられている。それによって、この駆動アクスルはきわめて簡単に使用され得る。その理由は、両平歯車装置の具体的な実施形態に依存して、駆動アクスルの重要な構成要素を駆動軸に対して空間的にフレキシブルに配置できるようになるからである。そして、このような駆動アクスルの領域においてよくある厳しい構造空間要求に簡単に答えることができる。さらに、両アクスル端部、すなわち特に両平歯車装置をほぼ同一に構成することにより、この駆動アクスルが比較的に簡単な構造となる。   In accordance with the present invention, the drive axle reduction device is formed as a spur gear device, and the output of the drive prime mover and the differential has a rotational axis that is non-coaxially disposed with respect to the common rotational axis of the drive shaft, A reduction gear is configured. In other words, the present invention proposes that the important components of the drive axle are provided so that they are parallel but not coaxial with the common axis of rotation of the drive shafts. At least some of the large volume or axle-forming components are provided alongside or outside the common axis of rotation, along with the drive prime mover and differential. Thereby, this drive axle can be used very simply. This is because, depending on the specific embodiment of both spur gear units, the important components of the drive axle can be arranged spatially and flexibly with respect to the drive shaft. In addition, it is possible to simply answer the severe structural space requirements that are common in the area of such drive axles. Furthermore, by configuring both axle ends, in particular, both spur gears, substantially identically, the drive axle has a relatively simple structure.

本発明に係る駆動アクスルは車両のための唯一の駆動装置として設けることができる。これに加えて、前輪アクスルまたは後輪アクスルとしての駆動アクスルの使用に相応して、前輪駆動装置または後輪駆動装置を備えた電気自動車を具現化するために、駆動原動機は電動機として設けられている。また、その代わりに、本発明に係る駆動アクスルは車両の付加的な駆動のために設けることが可能である。例えば内燃機関で駆動される後車軸を備えた自動車の場合に、本発明に係る駆動アクスルを例えば電気式前アクスルとして設けることができる。それによって、いわゆる前アクスルハイブリッドとなる。この前アクスルハイブリッドの場合には、後アクスルが内燃機関で駆動可能であり、前アクスルが電気で駆動可能である。もちろん、後アクスルとしての駆動アクスルの使用、あるいは、このような駆動アクスルの複数個の使用も可能である。   The drive axle according to the invention can be provided as the only drive for a vehicle. In addition to this, the drive prime mover is provided as an electric motor in order to embody an electric vehicle equipped with a front wheel drive device or a rear wheel drive device corresponding to the use of the drive axle as a front wheel axle or a rear wheel axle. Yes. Alternatively, the drive axle according to the present invention can be provided for additional driving of the vehicle. For example, in the case of an automobile having a rear axle driven by an internal combustion engine, the drive axle according to the present invention can be provided as an electric front axle, for example. As a result, a so-called front axle hybrid is obtained. In the case of this front axle hybrid, the rear axle can be driven by the internal combustion engine, and the front axle can be driven by electricity. Of course, it is possible to use a drive axle as a rear axle or to use a plurality of such drive axles.

本発明の有利な実施形態では、駆動原動機と差動装置の回転軸線が空間的に駆動軸の共通の回転軸線の下方に設けられている。このような「逆門形アクスル」は、例えば燃料タンクのような車両構成部品を駆動アクスルの上方に、ひいては衝突保護領域内に配置することを有利な方法で可能にする。そして、このような駆動アクスルを備えた車両の低重心化が他の利点として生じる。   In an advantageous embodiment of the invention, the rotational axis of the drive prime mover and the differential is spatially provided below the common rotational axis of the drive shaft. Such a “reverse portal axle” makes it possible in an advantageous manner to arrange vehicle components, for example fuel tanks, above the drive axle and thus in the collision protection area. Further, lowering the center of gravity of a vehicle having such a drive axle occurs as another advantage.

本発明の他の有利な実施形態では、駆動原動機と差動装置の回転軸線が空間的に駆動軸の共通の回転軸線の前方または後方に配置されている。これにより、操舵装置やブレーキの構成部品のような車輪に関連する車両部品を、車輪近くの所望な領域に個々に配置することができる。もちろん、適切な組み合わせも可能であり、例えば駆動アクスルの駆動軸の共通の回転軸線の空間的に幾分前方および幾分下方の配置も可能である。   In another advantageous embodiment of the invention, the rotational axes of the drive prime mover and the differential are spatially arranged in front of or behind the common rotational axis of the drive shaft. Thereby, vehicle parts related to the wheels such as the steering device and the components of the brake can be individually arranged in a desired region near the wheels. Of course, suitable combinations are also possible, for example a spatially somewhat forward and somewhat downward arrangement of a common axis of rotation of the drive axle drive shaft.

本発明の有利な実施形態では、駆動原動機が電気機械として形成されている。それによって、きわめてコンパクトに形成された駆動アクスルが生じる。このような電気機械は好ましくは１５０ｍｍよりも小さな（ケーシング）直径および／または２００ｍｍよりも短い（ケーシング）長さを有する。「長くて細い」電気機械により、一層高い出力密度が生じる。このような電気機械の比較的に小さなトルクは、両平歯車装置の適切に選定された減速比によって補償される。このような電気機械によって、例えばこのような駆動アクスルのエネルギー回収運転の場合、すなわち駆動原動機を発電機として運転する場合に、車両の高速時にも回収が可能である。もちろん、他の駆動原動機、例えば液圧式駆動原動機を使用することも可能である。   In an advantageous embodiment of the invention, the drive prime mover is formed as an electric machine. This results in a drive axle that is very compact. Such an electric machine preferably has a (casing) diameter of less than 150 mm and / or a (casing) length of less than 200 mm. “Long and thin” electrical machines produce higher power densities. Such a relatively small torque of the electric machine is compensated by a suitably selected reduction ratio of both spur gear units. With such an electric machine, for example, in the case of such an energy recovery operation of the drive axle, that is, when the drive prime mover is operated as a generator, it is possible to recover even at a high speed of the vehicle. Of course, other drive prime movers, such as hydraulic drive prime movers, can be used.

電気機械を備えたこのような駆動アクスルのフレキシビリティをさらに改善するために、電気機械を短時間過負荷運転するための手段を設けることができる。この手段は、過負荷運転を数秒間に制限するために、例えば電子的な限時回路として形成可能である。このような時間制御によって、電気機械の損傷を防ぐことができるが、回収エネルギー量または駆動出力が短時間だけ大幅に上昇する。代替的にまたは付加的に、温度監視を行うことができる。   In order to further improve the flexibility of such a drive axle with an electric machine, means for overloading the electric machine for a short time can be provided. This means can be formed, for example, as an electronic time limit circuit to limit overload operation to a few seconds. Such time control can prevent the electric machine from being damaged, but the amount of recovered energy or the driving output is significantly increased only for a short time. Alternatively or additionally, temperature monitoring can be performed.

電気機械を備えた駆動アクスルのフレキシブリティを高めるために、電気機械と両駆動軸との間の減速比を変更するための装置が代替的にまたは付加的に設けられている。例えば段付きのこのような変速可能な装置は、車両の実際の走行状態に対して、駆動アクスルの電気機械の回転数を有利に適合させることができる。変更装置が電気機械と差動装置との間に変速可能な遊星歯車装置として設けられているときわめて有利である。   In order to increase the flexibility of the drive axle with the electric machine, a device for changing the reduction ratio between the electric machine and both drive shafts is provided alternatively or additionally. For example, such a gearable device with a step can advantageously adapt the rotational speed of the electric machine of the drive axle to the actual driving state of the vehicle. It is very advantageous if the changing device is provided as a planetary gear device that can be shifted between the electric machine and the differential.

本発明のきわめて有利な実施形態では、車両の左車輪または右車輪を駆動するために、両駆動軸の後側に各カルダン軸が接続配置されている。それに加えて、駆動軸は駆動アクスルから離れたその各端部に、適切に形成された収容部を備えている。それによって、カルダン軸が比較的に短くなり、そしてカルダン軸を介して車輪を駆動アクスルの駆動軸に接続する際に良好な折れ角が生じる。その代わりに、駆動軸を車両の各車輪または各リムに直接接続してもよい。   In a very advantageous embodiment of the invention, each cardan shaft is connected to the rear of both drive shafts in order to drive the left or right wheel of the vehicle. In addition, the drive shaft is provided with a suitably formed housing at each end thereof away from the drive axle. Thereby, the cardan shaft is relatively short and a good bend is produced when connecting the wheel to the drive shaft of the drive axle via the cardan shaft. Alternatively, the drive shaft may be connected directly to each wheel or rim of the vehicle.

図に基づいて本発明を詳しく説明する。   The present invention will be described in detail with reference to the drawings.

本発明のきわめて有利な実施形態を示す。1 shows a highly advantageous embodiment of the invention.

駆動原動機２と差動装置４を備えた駆動アクスル１が示してある。本実施形態の駆動原動機２はロータ２ａを有する電気機械として形成されている。ロータ２ａは中空軸３に相対回転しないように連結されている。その際、中空軸３の軸受と電気機械２は、破線で略示した駆動アクスルのケーシングに支持されている。差動装置４は例えば遊星歯車式差動装置またはかさ歯車式差動装置として形成され、そしてそれぞれ被駆動軸５’、５”を有する２つの出力部を備えている。被駆動軸５’は電気機械２を通って延在する中空軸３を通過し、平歯車装置７’まで案内されている。被駆動軸５”は平歯車装置７”まで案内されている。   A drive axle 1 with a drive prime mover 2 and a differential 4 is shown. The drive motor 2 of the present embodiment is formed as an electric machine having a rotor 2a. The rotor 2a is connected to the hollow shaft 3 so as not to rotate relatively. At that time, the bearing of the hollow shaft 3 and the electric machine 2 are supported by the casing of the drive axle schematically indicated by a broken line. The differential device 4 is formed, for example, as a planetary gear type differential device or a bevel gear type differential device and includes two output portions each having a driven shaft 5 ′, 5 ″. It passes through a hollow shaft 3 extending through the electric machine 2 and is guided to a spur gear device 7 '. A driven shaft 5 "is guided to a spur gear device 7".

本実施形態の場合、電気モータ２の回転運動は遊星歯車段９を経て差動装置４に伝達される。遊星歯車段９は変速可能な装置としての働きをする。この場合、本実施形態は約２．５のアクスルギヤ比を有する。本実施形態の場合、平歯車装置７’、７”はそれぞれ、各被駆動軸５’、５”上に第１歯車７１’、７１”を備えている。この第１歯車７１’、７１”は、駆動アクスルの各駆動軸５１’、５１”に相対回転しないように連結された第２歯車７２’、７２”にかみ合っている。   In the case of this embodiment, the rotational movement of the electric motor 2 is transmitted to the differential device 4 via the planetary gear stage 9. The planetary gear stage 9 serves as a device capable of shifting. In this case, the present embodiment has an axle gear ratio of about 2.5. In the case of the present embodiment, the spur gear devices 7 ′ and 7 ″ are provided with first gears 71 ′ and 71 ″ on the driven shafts 5 ′ and 5 ″, respectively. Is engaged with the second gears 72 ', 72 "connected to the drive shafts 51', 51" of the drive axle so as not to rotate relative to each other.

その際、駆動軸５１’、５１”は共通の回転軸線Ｒ１を有する。この共通の回転軸線Ｒ１は実際に存在する連続する軸線ではなく、両駆動軸５１’、５１”の回転軸線の仮想の接続線である。電気機械２は差動装置４の両出力部と同様に、回転軸線Ｒ２の回りに回転する。この回転軸線Ｒ２は同時に、電気機械２と差動装置４の対称軸線を近似的に示している。回転軸線Ｒ１、Ｒ２が平行であるが、同軸ではないことが重要である。本実施形態の場合に、図に示すように、回転軸線Ｒ２が回転軸線Ｒ１の下方に位置している。それによって、駆動アクスル１の駆動軸５１’、５１”は、駆動アクスル１の容積の大きな構成要素またはアクスルを形成する構成要素、すなわち特に電気機械２と差動装置４から、空間的に分離される。従って、所望の構造空間要求に応じて、駆動アクスル１の構成要素とその駆動軸５１’、５１”の空間的な適用が可能である。 In this case, the drive shafts 51 ′ and 51 ″ have a common rotation axis R 1. This common rotation axis R 1 is not a continuous axis that actually exists, but the rotation axes of both drive shafts 51 ′ and 51 ″. It is a virtual connection line. The electric machine 2 rotates around the rotation axis R 2 in the same manner as both output portions of the differential device 4. This rotation axis R 2 simultaneously shows the symmetry axis of the electric machine 2 and the differential device 4 approximately. It is important that the rotation axes R 1 and R 2 are parallel but not coaxial. In the case of this embodiment, as shown in the drawing, the rotation axis R 2 is located below the rotation axis R 1 . Thereby, the drive shafts 51 ′, 51 ″ of the drive axle 1 are spatially separated from the large volume components of the drive axle 1 or the components forming the axle, ie in particular the electric machine 2 and the differential 4. Accordingly, spatial application of the components of the drive axle 1 and its drive shafts 51 ′, 51 ″ is possible according to the desired structural space requirements.

駆動アクスル１の駆動軸５１’、５１”はそれぞれ、（図示していない）カルダン軸を介して、車両の左側車輪または右側車輪に接続可能である。そのために、駆動軸５１’、５１”はそのアクスル外側の端部が、図においてそれぞれ概略的に表されているように、拡大部によって各カルダン軸を接続するように形成されている。それによって、駆動アクスル１は車両の左側車輪と右側車輪を駆動するために使用可能である。その際、所望な車両の構造空間形状に合わせて、駆動アクスル１を個々に形成することができる。これによって特に、車両の既存の車両アクスルを比較的に簡単に駆動アクスル１と置換えることができ、そして適合した適切なカルダン軸を車輪の左側車輪または右側車輪に接続することができる。従って、既存のアクスルはほとんど交換され得る。   The drive axles 51 ', 51 "of the drive axle 1 can each be connected to the left or right wheel of the vehicle via a cardan shaft (not shown). For this reason, the drive axles 51', 51" The end portions outside the axle are formed so as to connect the respective cardan shafts by the enlarged portions, as schematically shown in the drawing. Thereby, the drive axle 1 can be used to drive the left and right wheels of the vehicle. At that time, the drive axles 1 can be individually formed in accordance with the desired structure space shape of the vehicle. In particular, this makes it possible to replace the existing vehicle axle of the vehicle with the drive axle 1 relatively easily and to connect a suitable suitable cardan shaft to the left or right wheel of the wheel. Thus, the existing axle can be almost replaced.

駆動アクスル１により、車両を駆動するための構造空間上の利点のほかに、カルダン軸を介して車両の車輪に駆動軸５１’、５１”を連結する場合の折れ角が改善されるという利点がある。さらに、車両の重心が低くなるという利点がある。減速段としての平歯車装置７’、７”が駆動アクセルの動力伝達路においてカルダン軸または車輪のすぐ手前に設けられているので、トルク上昇があとの個所で行われ、それに伴い駆動アクスルの動力伝達路の構成要素を比較的に小さなトルクに合わせて設計することができる。   In addition to the structural space advantage for driving the vehicle, the drive axle 1 has the advantage that the bending angle when the drive shafts 51 ′ and 51 ″ are connected to the wheels of the vehicle via the cardan shaft is improved. Further, there is an advantage that the center of gravity of the vehicle is lowered. Since the spur gear devices 7 'and 7 "as the speed reduction stage are provided immediately in front of the cardan shaft or wheels in the power transmission path of the driving accelerator, Ascending takes place at a later point, and accordingly the components of the power transmission path of the drive axle can be designed for a relatively small torque.

例示的にのみ図示した実施形態では、電気機械のケーシング直径が約１３０ｍｍで、ケーシング長さが約２００ｍｍであった。このような電気機械によって、約１８０００回転／分の最高回転数と、約６０ｋＷ／ｈの最大機械出力が達成可能である。この場合、約１００Ｎｍの最大トルクが持続的に達成可能である。さらに、短時間の過負荷運転では、１５０Ｎｍよりも大きなトルクが数秒間の短期トルクとして達成可能である。駆動アクスルはその直径に関して比較的に長く形成した電気機械の使用によって、高い出力密度を利用することと、エッジ領域の磁界の弱体化によって損失を小さくすることを可能にする。   In the embodiment shown by way of example only, the casing diameter of the electric machine was about 130 mm and the casing length was about 200 mm. With such an electric machine, a maximum rotational speed of about 18000 revolutions / minute and a maximum mechanical output of about 60 kW / h can be achieved. In this case, a maximum torque of about 100 Nm can be continuously achieved. Furthermore, in a short-time overload operation, a torque greater than 150 Nm can be achieved as a short-term torque of several seconds. The drive axle makes it possible to take advantage of high power density through the use of an electric machine formed relatively long with respect to its diameter and to reduce losses by weakening the magnetic field in the edge region.

１ 駆動アクスル
２ 駆動原動機
４ 差動装置
５’、５” 被駆動軸
７’、７” 減速装置
５１’、５１” 駆動軸
Ｒ１、Ｒ２ 回転軸線 1 drive axle 2 drive motor 4 differential 5 ', 5 "driven shaft 7', 7" reduction gear 51 ', 51 "drive shaft R 1, R 2 rotational axis

Claims (9)

各アクスル端部に配置された２本の駆動軸（５１’、５１”）を備え、当該駆動軸が共通の回転軸線（Ｒ１）上に設けられている、駆動アクスル（１）であって、駆動原動機（２）と後続配置の差動装置（４）とを具備し、各減速装置を介して前記各駆動軸（５１’、５１”）を駆動するために、２本の被駆動軸（５’、５”）が前記差動装置の両出力部に設けられている、駆動アクスル（１）において、
前記減速装置（７’、７”）が平歯車装置として形成され、前記駆動原動機と前記差動装置の出力部が前記駆動軸の共通の回転軸線に対して非同軸に配置された回転軸線（Ｒ２）を有するように、前記減速装置が構成されていることを特徴とする駆動アクスル（１）。 A drive axle (1) comprising two drive shafts (51 ′, 51 ″) arranged at each axle end, the drive shaft being provided on a common rotational axis (R 1 ) Two driven shafts for driving each of the drive shafts (51 ′, 51 ″) via the respective speed reducers, comprising a drive prime mover (2) and a differential device (4) arranged in a succeeding manner In the drive axle (1), (5 ′, 5 ″) provided at both outputs of the differential,
The speed reducer (7 ′, 7 ″) is formed as a spur gear device, and a rotational axis line (non-coaxially arranged with respect to a common rotational axis line of the drive shaft) is an output part of the drive motor and the differential unit. The drive axle (1), wherein the speed reducer is configured to have R 2 ). 前記駆動原動機と前記差動装置の回転軸線が前記駆動軸の共通の回転軸線の下方に配置されていることを特徴とする請求項１に記載の駆動アクスル。   The drive axle according to claim 1, wherein a rotation axis of the drive motor and the differential is arranged below a common rotation axis of the drive shaft. 前記駆動原動機と前記差動装置の回転軸線が前記駆動軸の共通の回転軸線の前方または後方に配置されていることを特徴とする請求項１または２に記載の駆動アクスル。   3. The drive axle according to claim 1, wherein a rotation axis of the drive prime mover and the differential is arranged in front of or behind a common rotation axis of the drive shaft. 前記駆動原動機が電気機械として形成されていることを特徴とする請求項１乃至３のいずれか一項に記載の駆動アクスル。   The drive axle according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the drive prime mover is formed as an electric machine. 前記電気機械が１５０ｍｍよりも小さな直径と、２００ｍｍよりも短い長さを有することを特徴とする請求項４に記載の駆動アクスル。   The drive axle according to claim 4, wherein the electric machine has a diameter smaller than 150 mm and a length shorter than 200 mm. 前記電気機械を短時間過負荷運転するための手段が設けられていることを特徴とする請求項４または５に記載の駆動アクスル。   6. A drive axle according to claim 4 or 5, characterized in that means are provided for overloading the electric machine for a short time. 前記電気機械と前記両駆動軸との間の減速比を変更するための変更装置が設けられていることを特徴とする請求項４乃至６のいずれか一項に記載の駆動アクスル。   The drive axle according to any one of claims 4 to 6, further comprising a changing device for changing a reduction ratio between the electric machine and the two drive shafts. 前記変更装置が前記電気機械と前記差動装置との間に変速可能な遊星歯車装置として設けられていることを特徴とする請求項７に記載の駆動アクスル。   The drive axle according to claim 7, wherein the changing device is provided as a planetary gear device capable of shifting between the electric machine and the differential device. 自動車の左車輪または右車輪を駆動するために、前記駆動軸が各カルダン軸を接続できるように構成されていることを特徴とする請求項１乃至８のいずれか一項に記載の駆動アクスル。   The drive axle according to any one of claims 1 to 8, wherein the drive shaft is configured to connect each cardan shaft to drive a left wheel or a right wheel of an automobile.
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