JP2010161291A - Cooling device for apparatus equipped with power supply unit - Google Patents

Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a cooling device for equipment with a power supply unit, capable of reducing manufacturing cost by reducing the number of parts and moreover, preventing noise, as much as possible. <P>SOLUTION: The cooling device 1 for equipment with the power supply unit 2 (for example, an image forming apparatus 101) includes an equipment body 3 with the power supply unit 2 and an optional unit 11 attached to the equipment body 3; the optional unit 11 includes a guide 12 for guiding wind from the cooling fan 16 to the power supply unit 2, when the cooling fan 16 is arranged therein and attached to the equipment body 3; and the power supply unit 2 in the equipment body 3 can be cooled by the cooling fan 16 attached to the equipment body 3 in the optional unit 11. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2010,JPO&INPIT

Description

  The present invention relates to a cooling device for a device including a power supply unit.

Generally, in an apparatus including a power supply unit, it is important to cool the heat generated by the power supply unit. For example, an apparatus having the power supply unit includes an image forming apparatus.
An apparatus including a power supply unit includes an apparatus main body including the power supply unit and an option unit attached to the apparatus main body.
The option unit is configured to be detachably attached to the apparatus main body according to a user's request, and a plurality of option units can be attached to the apparatus main body.
Note that the option unit includes an option unit having various functions, for example, as an option unit of the image forming apparatus, a sorter, an automatic paper feeding device, a switchback device that reverses the recording paper when the double-sided recording mode is used, and the like. There are optional units.

  The power supply unit of the apparatus including the power supply unit is provided with a heating element such as a motor or a solenoid plunger that drives various devices or option units in the apparatus main body. For example, the power supply unit of the image forming apparatus is provided with a heating element such as a heating roller of a fixing device in the apparatus main body, a paper transport motor, an optional unit, and a solenoid plunger that drives various other devices.

In the power supply unit, the power consumption of the heating element increases and the temperature of the heating element of the power supply unit rises as the number of optional units attached to the apparatus main body of the apparatus including the power supply unit increases.
For this reason, a device with a power supply unit determines the maximum number of options that can be attached to the device body, and is dedicated to the power supply unit that provides for the maximum power consumption that can be achieved when the maximum number of option units are attached to the device body. Need a cooling fan.
Conventionally, this cooling fan dedicated to the power supply unit is installed in the main body of the device, and heat generated by the heating element of the power supply unit in the main body of the device is passed through the cooling fan dedicated to the power supply unit or outside the optional unit. (See, for example, cited documents 1 to 3).

Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 06-250459 JP 2000-206747 A JP 2007-310226 A

  Conventionally, an apparatus having a power supply unit may use only the apparatus main body without attaching the option unit to the apparatus main body. For a user who uses only the apparatus main body without attaching the option unit to the apparatus main body, the apparatus The cooling fan dedicated to the power supply unit installed in the main body is used unnecessarily, and the number of parts increases by the amount of the cooling fan dedicated to the power supply unit, and the manufacturing cost increases. As much as the fan is installed, it becomes noise.

  In view of the circumstances described above, it is an object of the present invention to provide a cooling device for an apparatus including a power supply unit that reduces the number of parts to reduce manufacturing cost and prevents noise as much as possible.

  In order to achieve the above-described object, a cooling device for an apparatus including a power supply unit according to the first aspect of the present invention includes an apparatus main body including the power supply unit, and an option unit attached to the apparatus main body. Comprises a guide for guiding a wind sent from the cooling fan to the power supply unit when the cooling fan is disposed inside the apparatus main body, and the cooling of the option unit attached to the apparatus main body. The power supply unit in the apparatus main body is cooled by a fan.

  According to a second aspect of the present invention, there is provided a cooling apparatus for a device comprising the power supply unit according to the first aspect, wherein a plurality of the optional units are stacked and attached to the main body of the device. The guide is continuously arranged, and thereby the wind guided to the power supply unit of the apparatus main body is a wind continuously sent to the cooling fans of the plurality of option units. To do.

  According to a third aspect of the present invention, there is provided a cooling device for a device comprising the power supply unit according to the first or second aspect, wherein the guide of the optional unit is a hollow with the cooling fan disposed therein. A passage, a vent formed at one end of the hollow passage on the opposite side of the apparatus main body with respect to the cooling fan, and for guiding air into the hollow passage; and the hollow passage A duct that is formed in an optional unit on the apparatus main body side with respect to the cooling fan and guides air in the hollow passage to the outside of the optional unit, and the apparatus with respect to the cooling fan An air inlet that is opposite to the main body side and is formed in the hollow passage and guides air into the hollow passage; and a lid that is rotatable in both directions to open and close the air vent. The guide of the option unit is arranged toward the power supply unit of the apparatus main body when the option unit is attached to the apparatus main body, and when the option unit is attached to another option unit, the guide The duct of the option unit rotates the lid of the other option unit in one direction to open the vent of the other option unit, and the guide of the option unit serves as the other option. It is arranged toward the guide of the unit.

  According to a fourth aspect of the present invention, there is provided a cooling apparatus for a device comprising the power supply unit according to the third aspect, wherein the lid opens the vent and closes the inlet when rotated in the one direction. When the option unit is attached to the other option unit, the duct of the option unit rotates the lid of the other option unit in the one direction, and the other body is separated by the lid. The vent hole of the option unit is opened and the intake port of the another option unit is closed.

  According to the inventions of claims 1, 2, 3 and 4, it is possible to reduce the number of parts to reduce the manufacturing cost and to prevent noise as much as possible.

  In addition, according to the inventions of claims 2, 3 and 4, when a plurality of option units are stacked and attached to the apparatus main body, an effect of increasing the air volume can be obtained, thereby reducing the power consumption of the cooling device. Increases efficiency.

  According to the invention of claim 4, when the option unit is attached to another option unit, the effect of increasing the air volume is enhanced as compared with the case where the intake port of the other option unit is not closed by the lid. It becomes possible.

1 is a conceptual perspective view of a cooling device for an image forming apparatus including a power supply unit according to an embodiment of the present invention. It is a conceptual front view of the cooling device of FIG. It is DD conceptual sectional drawing of the cooling device of FIG. FIG. 4 is a conceptual cross-sectional view illustrating a state in which the cooling device of FIG. 3 is assembled, and is a view illustrating a state before an option unit is attached to the apparatus main body. FIG. 5 is an enlarged conceptual cross-sectional view of the main part of the option unit showing the structure of the lid of the option unit, and in particular, FIG. 5A shows an initial state before the lid body rotates in one direction, and FIG. These are figures which show a mode that the cover body rotated to one direction. It is a figure explaining a mode that the cooling device of FIG. 3 is assembled, Comprising: It is a conceptual sectional drawing which shows a mode after attaching an option unit to the apparatus main body of FIG. It is a figure explaining a mode that the cooling device of FIG. 3 is assembled, Comprising: It is a conceptual sectional view which shows a mode before attaching one option unit to another option unit attached to the apparatus main body. It is a figure explaining a mode that the cooling device of FIG. 3 is assembled, Comprising: It is a conceptual sectional drawing which shows a mode after attaching one option unit to another option unit attached to the apparatus main body.

  Hereinafter, a cooling apparatus for an apparatus including a power supply unit according to the present invention, which is an embodiment of the cooling apparatus for an image forming apparatus including a power supply unit, will be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.

  FIG. 1 is a conceptual perspective view of a cooling device for an image forming apparatus including a power supply unit according to an embodiment of the present invention. 2 is a conceptual front view of the cooling device of FIG. 1, and FIG. 3 is a DD conceptual cross-sectional view of the cooling device of FIG. 1 to FIG. 8 described later, the same parts are denoted by the same reference numerals.

As shown in FIGS. 1 to 3, the cooling device 1 of the image forming apparatus 101 including the power supply unit 2 includes an apparatus main body 3 including the power supply unit 2 and an option unit 11 attached to the apparatus main body 3. ing.
In the cooling device 1, a plurality of option units 11 can be stacked and the plurality of option units 11 can be attached to the apparatus main body 3.
Note that the image forming apparatus 101 usually includes an apparatus main body 3 and an option unit 11.
FIGS. 1 to 3 each show a state in which three option units 11 are stacked and the three option units 11 are attached to the apparatus main body 3.

  As shown in FIG. 3, the apparatus main body 3 includes a cooling fan 16 in each option unit 11. However, the apparatus main body 3 is not provided with a cooling means for cooling the heating element of the power supply unit 2. In addition, the code | symbol F1 has shown the flow of the air by the cooling device 1. FIG.

FIG. 4 is a conceptual cross-sectional view for explaining how the cooling device of FIG. 3 is assembled, and shows a state before the option unit is attached to the apparatus main body.
As shown in FIG. 4, each option unit 11 includes a guide 12 including a cooling fan 16 therein.
The guide 12 forms a hollow passage 12a, and the cooling fan 16 is disposed in the hollow passage 12a. As will be described later, the guide 12 guides the wind sent from the cooling fan 16 to the power supply unit 2 when attached to the apparatus main body 3.

  Further, at one end of the hollow passage 12a, a vent 12b for guiding the air outside the unit option 11 is formed in the hollow passage 12a. The vent 12 b is formed in the option unit 11 on the opposite side of the cooling fan 16 from the side where the apparatus main body 3 is disposed (hereinafter referred to as “apparatus main body side”).

A duct 12 c that guides the air in the hollow passage 12 a to the outside of the option unit 11 is formed at the other end of the hollow passage 12 a of the guide 12. The duct 12 c is formed so as to protrude toward the apparatus main body 3 in the option unit 11 on the apparatus main body 3 side with respect to the cooling fan 16.
The duct 12c and the vent 12b are opposed to each other with the cooling fan 16 in between.

  Further, the guide 12 of the option unit 11 is formed with an air inlet 12d for guiding the air outside the option unit 11 in the hollow passage 12a. The air inlet 12d is formed on the side surface 17 of the hollow passage 12a opposite to the apparatus main body 3 side with respect to the cooling fan 16.

The option unit 11 also includes a lid 18 that opens and closes the vent 12b. As shown in FIG. 5A, the lid 18 is a lid that rotates in both directions around a shaft 20 disposed in the option unit 11.
FIG. 5 is an enlarged conceptual cross-sectional view of the main part of the option unit showing the structure of the cover of the option unit. In particular, FIG. 5A shows a state before the cover is rotated in one direction, and FIG. b) is a diagram illustrating a state in which the lid is rotated in one direction.
As shown in FIG. 4 and FIG. 5A, the cover 18 covers the vent 12b of the option unit 11 by its own weight and releases the cover of the option unit 11 from the intake 12d in the initial state. is doing. The vent 12b is closed when the lid 18 covers the vent 12b, and the inlet 12d is opened when the lid 18 releases the cover on the inlet 12d.
When the lid 18 is rotated around the shaft 20 in one direction (the direction of arrow A in FIG. 5A), the lid 18 is a vent of the option unit 11 as shown in FIG. 5B. The cover for 12b is released and the inlet 12d of the option unit 11 is covered. The vent 12b is opened when the cover 18 releases the cover on the vent 12b. Further, the air inlet 12d is closed when the lid 18 covers the air inlet 12d.
Further, when the lid 18 shown in FIG. 5B is rotated in the other direction around the shaft 20, the air inlet 12b is closed and the air inlet 12d is opened as shown in FIG. 5A. It returns to the state that can be.

In order to attach such an option unit 11 to the apparatus main body 3 (FIG. 4), the duct 12c shown in FIG. 6 is fitted into the opening 2a formed in the power supply unit 2.
6 is a diagram for explaining how the cooling device of FIG. 3 is assembled, and is a conceptual cross-sectional view showing a state after the option unit is attached to the device main body of FIG.
As shown in FIG. 6, when the option unit 11 is attached to the apparatus main body 3, the guide 12 of the option unit 11 is arranged toward the power supply unit 2 in the apparatus main body 3.
Note that the vent hole 12b of the option unit 11 is closed, and the intake port 12d is open.

  In the cooling apparatus 1 of this embodiment, when the option unit 11 is attached to the apparatus main body 3, the outside air (air) guided from the intake port 12d of the option unit 11 is shown as indicated by an arrow F2 in FIG. The air that is guided to the cooling fan 16 by the hollow passage 12a and blown from the cooling fan 16 is guided to the power supply unit 2 through the duct 12c.

Next, a state where a plurality of option units 11 are stacked on the apparatus main body 3 will be described.
FIG. 7 is a diagram for explaining how the cooling device of FIG. 3 is assembled, and is a conceptual cross-sectional view showing a state before one option unit is attached to another option unit attached to the apparatus main body. 8 is a diagram for explaining how the cooling device of FIG. 3 is assembled, and is a conceptual cross-sectional view showing a state after one option unit is attached to another option unit. 7 and 8, the illustration of the apparatus main body 3 is omitted.

In each option unit 11 in FIG. 7, as shown in FIG. 5A, the lid 18 closes the air vent 12b of the option unit 11 and opens the air inlet 12d.
To attach one option unit of FIG. 7 to the other option unit 11 (hereinafter referred to as “another option unit”), the duct 12c of one option unit is connected to the vent 12b of the other option unit 11. One option unit 11 is stacked on another option unit 11 while being oriented.
Then, one option unit 11 can be attached to another option unit 11 as shown in FIG.

  As described above, when one option unit 11 is attached to another option unit 11, the guide 12 of one option unit 11 is arranged toward the guide 12 of the other option unit 11.

When one option unit 11 is attached to another option unit 11, the duct 12c of the one option unit 11 presses the lid 18 that covers the vent 12b of the other option unit 11, thereby the lid The body 18 is rotated in one direction. Therefore, in another option unit 11, as shown in FIGS. 8 and 5B, the vent 12 b is opened by the lid 18.
Therefore, the hollow passage 12a of the guide 12 of one option unit 11 and the hollow passage of the guide 12 of the other option unit 11 via the duct 12c of one option unit 11 and the vent 12b of the other option unit 11 are provided. 12a are continuously arranged.
In another option unit 11, the lid 18 rotates in the one direction, whereby the vent 12b is opened and the intake 12d is closed as described above.
In one option unit 11, the vent 12b is closed and the intake 12d is opened.

In the cooling device 1 in which the two option units 11 are stacked and attached to the apparatus main body 3 as described above, the outside air (air) guided from the air inlet 12d of one option unit 11 is generated as indicated by an arrow F3 in FIG. The air is guided to the cooling fan 16 of the one option unit 11 by the hollow passage 12a of the one option unit 11. Further, the wind sent out from the cooling fan 16 passes through the duct 12c of the one option unit 11 and the vent hole 12b of the other option unit 11, and is separated by the hollow passage 12a of the other option unit 11. It is guided to the cooling fan 16 of the optional unit 11. Further, the wind sent from the cooling fan 16 is guided to the power supply unit 2 of the apparatus main body 3 (FIG. 3) attached to the other option unit 11.
Therefore, the wind guided to the power supply unit 2 of the apparatus main body 3 (FIG. 3) is the wind continuously sent to the cooling fan 16 of one option unit 11 and the cooling fan 16 of another option unit 11. is there.

As shown in FIG. 3, when a new option unit 11 is attached to one option unit 11 described above, a procedure similar to the procedure for attaching one option unit 11 to another option unit 11 described above is performed. Just do it.
As shown in FIG. 3, when three option units are stacked and attached to the apparatus main body 3, the hollow passages 12 a of the guides 12 of the option units 11 are continuously arranged. Among these, the guide 11 of the option 11 attached directly to the apparatus main body 3 is arranged toward the power supply unit 2 in the apparatus main body 3.
Of the three option units, the option unit farthest from the apparatus main body 3 closes the vent 12b and opens the intake port 12d by the lid 18 and opens the lid 18 in the remaining option units 11. As a result, the vent 12b is opened and the intake 12d is closed.

In the cooling device 1 of this embodiment, as indicated by an arrow F1 in FIG. 3, the air (outside air) guided from the intake port 12d of the option unit 11 farthest from the device main body 3 among the option units is It is guided to the cooling fan 16 of the option unit 11 by the hollow passage 12a of the option unit 11.
Further, the air sent from the cooling fan 16 is connected to the duct 12c of the option unit 11 and the vent hole of the option unit 11 which is directly attached to the option unit 11 and is separated from the apparatus main body 3 next to the option unit 11. The cooling fan 16 of the option unit 11 is guided through the hollow passage 12a of the option unit 11 through 12b.
The wind sent from the cooling fan 16 is further connected to the duct 12c of the option unit 11 and the vent 12b of the option unit 11 which is directly attached to the option unit 11 and is separated from the apparatus main body 3 next to the option unit. And is guided to the cooling fan 16 of the option unit 22 by the hollow passage 12a of the option unit 11.

  As described above, the cooling fan 16 of the option unit 11 is arranged in the order of the cooling fan 16 of the option unit 11 that is closest to the apparatus main body 3 from the cooling fan 16 of the option unit 11 that is farthest from the apparatus main body 3. The wind sent continuously and finally sent to the cooling fan 16 of the option unit 11 directly attached to the apparatus main body 3 becomes the wind guided to the power supply unit 2.

  As shown in FIG. 3, when three option units 11 are stacked and attached to the apparatus main body 3, the option unit 11 farthest from the apparatus main body 3 among the option units 11 in the cooling device 1. The cooling fan 16 and the option unit 11 are directly attached and the option unit 11 is separated from the apparatus main body 3 next to the option unit 11. The cooling fan 16 and the option unit 11 are directly attached to the option unit 11. Next, the wind continuously sent to the cooling fan 16 of the option unit 11 that is separated from the apparatus body 3 is guided to the power supply unit 2 of the apparatus body 3 (FIG. 3) to which the option unit 11 is attached. Wind.

  The wind guided to the power supply unit 2 is guided to the heat generating body of the power supply unit 2 and then guided to the outside of the power supply unit 2 through a hole (not shown) of the power supply unit 2.

Thus, in the cooling device 1 of this embodiment, the heating element of the power supply unit 2 in the device body 3 is cooled by the cooling fan 16 of the guide 12 provided in the option unit 11.
If the duct 12c of the option unit 11 directly attached to the apparatus main body 3 is disposed in the vicinity of the heating element of the power supply unit 2, the cooling effect is enhanced.

Further, in the cooling device 1 of this embodiment, since the cooling fan 16 is attached inside the guide 12 of the option unit 11, when only the device main body 3 is used without attaching the option unit 11, the power supply unit 2 only is used. There is no need to provide the cooling fan 16 in the apparatus main body 3.
Therefore, the number of cooling fans disposed in the apparatus main body 3 can be reduced by one by the cooling fan 16 dedicated to the power supply unit 2. In addition, since the cooling fan 16 can be reduced, the manufacturing cost of the cooling device 1 of the image forming apparatus having the power supply unit 2 is reduced, and the noise of the image forming apparatus 101 having the power supply unit 2 is also reduced. As much as possible, the noise can be reduced.

Further, in the cooling device 1 of this embodiment, when a plurality of option units 11 are stacked and attached to the apparatus main body 3, as described above, the hollow passages 12a of the guides 12 of the plurality of option units 11 are provided. Therefore, the air guided to the power supply unit 2 of the apparatus main body 3 becomes the air continuously guided to the cooling fans 16 of the plurality of option units 11.
Accordingly, the air volume guided to the power supply unit 2 of the apparatus main body 3 is the air volume continuously sent to the cooling fans 16 of the plurality of option units 11, and the air volume guided to the power supply unit 2 is one option unit. 11, the air volume of the cooling fan 16 in the plurality of times. For example, in the cooling device 1 shown in FIG. 3, the air volume guided to the power source 2 of the apparatus body 3 is the air volume continuously sent to the cooling fans 16 of the three option units 11. When the unit 11 is attached to the apparatus main body 3, the air volume guided to the apparatus main body 3 is tripled.
Therefore, in this cooling device 1, the air volume guided to the power supply unit 2 is increased as compared with the air volume guided to the apparatus main body 3 when one optional unit 11 is attached to the apparatus main body 3 (FIG. 6). (Hereinafter referred to as “air flow increase effect”).
Note that this air volume increasing effect can be said to be an effect obtained by arranging the guides 12 of the plurality of option units 11 in succession and thereby arranging the cooling fans 16 of the guides 12 in series.

Due to this air volume increasing effect, the cooling device 1 of this embodiment does not use one cooling fan with a large air volume as a means for cooling the cooling apparatus, but has a small air volume per one cooling fan. A plurality of cooling fans 16 can be used. Therefore, the number of cooling fans 16 used in the cooling device 1 can be changed according to the air volume guided to the apparatus main body 3. Therefore, in the cooling device 1 of this embodiment, the power consumption efficiency of the cooling device 1 is higher than that of the cooling device using one cooling fan with a large air volume.
Since the cooling fan 16 is disposed in the option unit 11, in order to change the number of cooling fans 16 used in the cooling device 1, the number of option units 11 attached to the apparatus main body 3 must be changed. Become. Therefore, in order to change the air volume guided to the apparatus main body 3, the number of option units 11 may be changed.
Further, the effect of increasing the air volume is that as the option unit 11 is stacked on the apparatus main body 3, the amount of air guided to the apparatus main body 3 increases as the stacked option units 11 are stacked. It can be said that this is an effect of increasing the cooling capacity of the heating element.

  Further, in the cooling device 1 of this embodiment, when the option unit 11 is attached to another option unit 11, the air vent 12 b of the other option unit 11 is opened by the lid 18 and the air inlet of the other option unit 11 is opened. Since 12d is closed, the air once guided into the hollow passage 12b of the guide 12 is prevented from being discharged from the intake port 12d when each guide 12 is continuously guided, and the apparatus main body. 3 is guided. Therefore, in the cooling device in which the intake port 12d is closed, the air volume increasing effect is higher than in the cooling device in which the intake port 12d is not closed.

  In the cooling apparatus 1 of this embodiment, three option units 11 are stacked and attached to the apparatus main body 3. However, in the cooling apparatus of the present invention, the option units 11 are stacked and attached to the apparatus main body 3. The number of is not limited to three, and may be one or more.

  In this embodiment, the cooling device 1 of the image forming apparatus 101 has been described as an example of the cooling device of the apparatus having the power supply unit. However, the cooling device of the present invention is limited to the cooling device 1 of the image forming apparatus 101. Instead, it may be a cooling device for a device having a power supply unit.

  In the cooling device 1 of this embodiment, the option unit 11 is described as being attached to another option unit 11 from below in the vertical direction. However, in the cooling device of the present invention, the option unit 11 is another option unit 11. It may be attached from above in the vertical direction, or may be attached to another option unit 11 from the horizontal direction.

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Cooling device 2 Power supply unit 3 Device main body 11 Option unit 12 Guide 12a Hollow passage 12b Vent 12c Duct 12d Inlet 18 Lid 18 Cooling fan 101 Device provided with power supply unit, image forming device provided with power supply unit

Claims (4)

An apparatus main body provided with a power supply unit, and an optional unit attached to the apparatus main body,
The optional unit includes a guide for guiding a wind sent from the cooling fan to the power supply unit when the cooling fan is disposed inside and attached to the apparatus main body.
A cooling device for a device having a power supply, wherein the power supply unit in the device main body is cooled by the cooling fan of the optional unit attached to the device main body.   When a plurality of the option units are stacked and attached to the apparatus main body, the guides of the plurality of option units are continuously arranged, whereby the wind guided to the power supply unit of the apparatus main body is The cooling device for a device having a power source according to claim 1, wherein the wind is continuously sent to the cooling fans of the plurality of option units. The guide of the optional unit includes a hollow passage in which the cooling fan is disposed,
One end of the hollow passage, which is formed in an optional unit opposite to the apparatus main body side with respect to the cooling fan, and a vent for guiding air into the hollow passage;
A duct that is the other end of the hollow passage and is formed in the optional unit on the apparatus main body side with respect to the cooling fan, and guides the air in the hollow passage to the outside of the optional unit;
An air inlet that is formed in the hollow passage on the side opposite to the apparatus main body side with respect to the cooling fan, and guides air into the hollow passage;
A lid that is rotatable in both directions to open and close the vent,
The guide of the option unit is arranged toward the power supply unit of the apparatus main body when the option unit is attached to the apparatus main body.
When the option unit is attached to another option unit, the duct of the option unit rotates the lid of the other option unit in one direction, and the cover opens the vent hole of the other option unit. The apparatus for cooling a device having a power source according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the guide of the option unit is disposed toward the guide of the other option unit. . The lid is a lid that opens the vent and closes the inlet when rotated in the one direction;
When the option unit is attached to the other option unit, the duct of the option unit rotates the lid of the other option unit in the one direction, and the lid of the other option unit The apparatus for cooling a device having a power source according to claim 3, wherein the ventilation port is opened and the intake port of the other optional unit is closed.

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