JP2010151969A - Electrophotographic member, endless belt, fixing device, and image forming device - Google Patents

Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide an electrophotographic member having excellent wear resistance and mold-release properties. <P>SOLUTION: The electrophotographic member includes a fluorinated polyimide resin layer in which a fluorinated polyimide resin having a component derived from at least one diamine compound selected from the following structural formulae (I) and (II) is contained. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2010,JPO&INPIT

Description

  The present invention relates to an electrophotographic member, an endless belt, a fixing device, and an image forming apparatus.

  In an image forming apparatus such as a copying machine or a printer using an electrophotographic system, for example, a photosensitive member (photosensitive drum) formed in a drum shape is charged, and the photosensitive drum is controlled by light controlled based on image information. An electrostatic latent image is formed on the photosensitive drum by exposure. The electrostatic latent image is converted into a visible image (toner image) with toner, and the toner image is further transferred onto a recording sheet through an intermediate transfer member, for example, and fixed by a fixing device to form an image. .

  As a fixing device used in such an image forming apparatus, a rotating fixing roll whose surface is elastically deformed, a pressure belt capable of running while being in contact with the fixing roll, in order to cope with an increase in speed of the image forming apparatus, A pressure pad arranged in a non-rotating state inside the pressure belt, and the pressure belt is configured to be in pressure contact with the fixing roll so as to form a contact surface with the fixing roll. A fixing device in which a belt nip is provided between the pressure belt and the fixing roll so that the recording paper can pass therethrough, and the outlet side of the recording paper on the surface of the fixing roll is locally elastically deformed. There exists a technique relating to this (for example, see Patent Document 1).

Also, a fixing member (heating belt, pressure belt) using fluorinated polyimide has been proposed (see Patent Document 2). There has also been proposed a fixing member in which a fluororesin is dispersed in polyimide and the fluororesin is dispersed and unevenly distributed on the polyimide surface (see Patent Document 3).
Japanese Patent No. 3298354 Japanese Patent No. 3069041 Japanese Patent No. 3260679

  The subject of this invention is providing the member for electrophotography which was excellent in abrasion resistance, and was excellent also in the release property compared with the case where a specific diamine compound component is not included in a polyimide resin.

The above problem is solved by the following means. That is,
The invention according to claim 1
An electrophotographic member having a fluorinated polyimide resin layer containing a fluorinated polyimide resin having a component derived from at least one diamine compound selected from the following structural formulas (I) and (II).

The invention according to claim 2
2. The electrophotographic member according to claim 1, wherein the surface layer part and the center part of one surface of the fluorinated polyimide resin layer have a difference in fluorine atom content.

The invention according to claim 3
2. The electrophotographic member according to claim 1, wherein the fluorine content of the surface layer portion on one surface of the fluorinated polyimide resin layer is 1.05 to 2.00 times the fluorine content of the central portion.

The invention according to claim 4
4. The resin composition according to claim 1, further comprising a polyimide resin layer containing a polyimide resin not containing a fluorine atom, and having the fluorinated polyimide resin layer on at least one of the one surface and the other surface of the polyimide resin layer. The member for electrophotography described in 1.

The invention according to claim 5
An endless belt comprising the electrophotographic member according to any one of claims 1 to 4.

The invention according to claim 6
A heating member, and a pressure member disposed in contact with the heating member,
A fixing device in which at least one of the heating member and the pressure member includes the endless belt according to claim 5.

The invention according to claim 7 provides:
An image carrier,
Latent image forming means for forming a latent image on the surface of the image carrier;
Developing means for developing the latent image with toner to form a toner image;
Transfer means for transferring the toner image to a recording medium;
Fixing means for fixing the toner image to the recording medium;
With
The image forming apparatus according to claim 6, wherein the fixing unit is a fixing device.

According to the invention which concerns on Claim 1, it is excellent in abrasion resistance, and it is excellent also in mold release property compared with the case where the component derived from a specific diamine compound is not included in a fluorinated polyimide resin.
According to the invention which concerns on Claim 2, it is excellent in abrasion resistance, and it is excellent also in mold release property compared with the case where a fluorine atom content is not considered.
According to the invention which concerns on Claim 3, it is excellent in abrasion resistance, and it is excellent also in mold release property compared with the case where a fluorine atom content is not considered.
According to the invention which concerns on Claim 4, compared with the case where it does not have the polyimide resin which does not contain a fluorine atom, the self-supporting property of a member is improved at low cost.
According to the invention which concerns on Claim 5, it is excellent in abrasion resistance, and it is excellent also in mold release property compared with the case where a specific diamine compound component is not included in a fluorinated polyimide resin.
According to the sixth aspect of the present invention, image defects are suppressed as compared with the case where this configuration is not provided.
According to the seventh aspect of the present invention, image defects are suppressed as compared with the case where the present configuration is not provided.

(Electrophotographic materials)
The electrophotographic member according to this embodiment is a member having a fluorinated polyimide resin layer. And the said fluorinated polyimide resin layer is comprised including the fluorinated polyimide resin which has a component derived from the specific diamine compound mentioned later.

  In the electrophotographic member according to the present embodiment, by adopting the above-described configuration, the wear resistance is excellent, and the releasability is excellent as compared with the case where the fluorinated polyimide resin does not include a component derived from a specific diamine compound. . This is not clear, but is thought to be due to the following reasons.

  Since a specific diamine compound is a compound having a flexible skeleton, it is considered that when a fluorinated polyamic acid that is a fluorinated polyimide resin precursor is constituted, components derived from the specific diamine compound are likely to move. . In addition, this movement is considered to occur in the direction of the coating film surface (particularly the gas interface) before imidizing the fluorinated polyimide precursor solution (fluorinated polyamic acid solution). This is presumably because the component derived from the specific diamine compound contains a fluorine atom and is hydrophobic, so that it moves to the surface of the coating film (particularly the gas interface) which is a hydrophobic atmosphere. For this reason, it is considered that the electrophotographic member according to the present embodiment is excellent in releasability by unevenly distributing fluorine atoms in polyimide that is originally excellent in wear resistance. As a result, by applying the electrophotographic member according to the present embodiment to an electrophotographic image forming apparatus, for example, image defects and apparatus defects due to member wear and low releasability are suppressed.

  In the electrophotographic member according to the present embodiment, it is desirable that the surface layer portion and the central portion of one surface of the fluorinated polyimide resin layer have a difference in fluorine atom content. Specifically, the fluorine content of the surface layer portion on one surface of the fluorinated polyimide resin layer is desirably 1.05 times or more and 2.00 times or less of the fluorine content rate of the central portion, and more desirably 1 It is 10 times or more and 1.90 times or less, more preferably 1.20 times or more and 1.80 times or less. Here, the central part means the central part in the thickness direction.

  In the fluorinated polyimide resin layer, as described above, it is considered that the component derived from the specific diamine compound easily moves to the gas interface in the coating film before imidizing the fluorinated polyimide precursor solution (fluorinated polyamic acid solution). Therefore, for example, when the coating film is left as it is, a difference in fluorine atom content tends to occur between the surface layer portion and the central portion of one surface of the fluorinated polyimide resin layer. That is, fluorine atoms are likely to be unevenly distributed in the surface layer portion on one surface of the polyimide layer. And, in the fluorinated polyimide resin layer, the surface with unevenly distributed fluorine content is used as a functional surface (for example, a sliding surface, a fixing surface, a transfer surface, a conveying surface, etc. depending on the application), thereby providing abrasion resistance. In comparison with the case where the fluorine atom content is not taken into consideration, the releasability is excellent. Here, when the fluorine content of the surface layer part on one surface of the fluorinated polyimide resin layer exceeds the above range than the fluorine content of the central part, the mechanical strength on the surface side where fluorine atoms are unevenly distributed tends to decrease. As a result, durability and wear resistance may be lowered.

  In addition, in the coating film before imidizing the fluorinated polyimide precursor solution (fluorinated polyamic acid solution), the surface opposite to the contact surface with the object to be coated is an air interface. Since the component derived from the specific diamine compound easily moves to the opposite surface side, the fluorine content of the surface layer portion on one surface of the fluorinated polyimide resin layer is the fluorine content of the surface layer portion on the other surface. It is thought that it becomes larger than the content rate. For this reason, it is thought that the difference of the contact angle with respect to water arises in one side and the other side of a fluorinated polyimide resin layer. Specifically, the difference in the contact angle with respect to water between one surface and the other surface of the fluorinated polyimide resin layer is desirably 10 or more and 60 or less. The contact angle for water is a value obtained by using a surface contact angle measuring device manufactured by Kyowa Interface Science Co., Ltd., dropping water droplets of ion-exchanged water on the surface, and measuring the contact angle between the water droplet and the surface from the side. .

  In the fluorinated polyimide resin layer, the fluorine content of the main surface surface layer portion in which fluorine atoms are unevenly distributed is desirably 5% or more and 50% or less, and more desirably 10% or more and 40% or less.

Here, the fluorine content is a value analyzed using X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (hereinafter also referred to as XPS).
Specifically, “VG ESCALAB-220i” is used as an XPS measurement device, and measurement is performed using a monochromatic AlKα ray as an X-ray source, setting an acceleration voltage to 10 kV, and an emission current to 20 mV. Measure for fluorine atoms. The analysis region is about 1 mmφ and the detection depth is 5 nm. Then, the C1s spectrum is measured for the fluorine atom, the number of elements is obtained based on the spectrum of the fluorine atom, and the fluorine atom content relative to the total atomic weight of the fluorinated polyimide is calculated.
The fluorine content of the surface layer portion of the fluorinated polyimide resin layer is measured by preparing a test piece as it is. On the other hand, the fluorine content in the central portion of the fluorinated polyimide resin layer is measured by cutting the resin layer at a position corresponding to half of its thickness or cutting it to half of its thickness to produce a test piece.

  Hereinafter, the electrophotographic member according to this embodiment will be described in more detail. First, the fluorinated polyimide resin layer will be described.

  The fluorinated polyimide resin layer includes a fluorinated polyimide resin having a component derived from a specific diamine compound and, if necessary, other additives. The specific diamine compound is at least one diamine compound selected from the following structural formulas (I) and (II).

  The fluorinated polyimide resin has a component derived from a specific diamine compound. Specifically, for example, the fluorinated polyimide resin has a component derived from the component and tetracarboxylic dianhydride. That is, the fluorinated polyimide resin is a resin obtained by imidizing a fluorinated polyamic acid synthesized (for example, synthesized in an equimolar amount) with a specific diamine compound and tetracarboxylic dianhydride. is there.

  As the specific diamine compound, the diamine compounds represented by the structural formula (I) and the structural formula (II) may be used alone or in combination. Moreover, you may use together other diamine compounds other than a specific diamine compound. When other diamine compounds are used in combination, for example, 1) Synthesis with specific diamine compounds and other diamine compounds and tetracarboxylic dianhydrides (total diamine compounds and tetracarboxylic dianhydrides are synthesized in equimolar amounts, for example) ) To obtain a fluorinated polyamic acid, which may be imidized, or 2) a fluorinated polyamic synthesized with a specific diamine compound and tetracarboxylic dianhydride (for example, synthesized in an equimolar amount). In addition to synthesizing an acid prepolymer, separately, a polyamic acid prepolymer synthesized with another diamine compound and tetracarboxylic dianhydride (for example, synthesized in an equimolar amount) is synthesized. A fluorinated polyamic acid obtained by copolymerizing a prepolymer with a block copolymer may be obtained and imidized.

There is no restriction | limiting in particular as tetracarboxylic dianhydride, Both aromatic type and aliphatic type compounds are mentioned.
Examples of the aromatic tetracarboxylic acid include pyromellitic dianhydride, 3,3 ′, 4,4′-benzophenone tetracarboxylic dianhydride, 3,3 ′, 4,4′-biphenylsulfone tetracarboxylic acid. Acid dianhydride, 1,4,5,8-naphthalenetetracarboxylic dianhydride, 2,3,6,7-naphthalenetetracarboxylic dianhydride, 3,3 ′, 4,4′-biphenyl ether tetra Carboxylic dianhydride, 3,3 ′, 4,4′-dimethyldiphenylsilane tetracarboxylic dianhydride, 3,3 ′, 4,4′-tetraphenylsilane tetracarboxylic dianhydride, 1,2, 3,4-furantetracarboxylic dianhydride, 4,4′-bis (3,4-dicarboxyphenoxy) diphenyl sulfide dianhydride, 4,4′-bis (3,4-dicarboxyphenoxy) diphenylsulfur Dianhydride, 4,4′-bis (3,4-dicarboxyphenoxy) diphenylpropane dianhydride, 3,3 ′, 4,4′-biphenyltetracarboxylic dianhydride, bis (phthalic acid) phenyl Phosphine oxide dianhydride, p-phenylene-bis (triphenylphthalic acid) dianhydride, m-phenylene-bis (triphenylphthalic acid) dianhydride, bis (triphenylphthalic acid) -4,4′-diphenyl ether Examples thereof include dianhydrides and bis (triphenylphthalic acid) -4,4′-diphenylmethane dianhydride.

  Aliphatic tetracarboxylic dianhydrides include butane tetracarboxylic dianhydride, 1,2,3,4-cyclobutane tetracarboxylic dianhydride, 1,3-dimethyl-1,2,3,4-cyclobutane. Tetracarboxylic acid, 1,2,3,4-cyclopentanetetracarboxylic dianhydride, 2,3,5-tricarboxycyclopentylacetic acid dianhydride, 3,5,6-tricarboxynorbonane-2-acetic acid dianhydride Anhydride, 2,3,4,5-tetrahydrofurantetracarboxylic dianhydride, 5- (2,5-dioxotetrahydrofural) -3-methyl-3-cyclohexene-1,2-dicarboxylic dianhydride, An aliphatic or alicyclic tetracarboxylic dianhydride such as bicyclo [2,2,2] -oct-7-ene-2,3,5,6-tetracarboxylic dianhydride; 4 5,9b-Hexahydro-2,5-dioxo-3-furanyl) -naphtho [1,2-c] furan-1,3-dione, 1,3,3a, 4,5,9b-hexahydro-5-methyl -5- (Tetrahydro-2,5-dioxo-3-furanyl) -naphtho [1,2-c] furan-1,3-dione, 1,3,3a, 4,5,9b-hexahydro-8-methyl And aliphatic tetracarboxylic dianhydrides having an aromatic ring such as -5- (tetrahydro-2,5-dioxo-3-furanyl) -naphtho [1,2-c] furan-1,3-dione. .

Examples of the tetracarboxylic dianhydride include a tetracarboxylic dianhydride containing a fluorine atom.
The fluorine atom-containing tetracarboxylic dianhydride is not particularly limited as long as it has a fluorine atom. For example, 4,4 ′-(2,2-hexafluoroisopropylidene) diphthalic acid diphthalate Anhydride, 3,3 ′, 4,4′-perfluoroisopropylidenediphthalic dianhydride, 1-trifluoromethyl-2,3,5,6-benzenetetracarboxylic dianhydride, 1,4- Di (trifluoromethyl) -2,3,5,6-benzenetetracarboxylic dianhydride, 1,4-difluoro-2,3,5,6-benzenetetracarboxylic dianhydride, 2,2-bis (3,4-dicarboxyphenyl) hexafluoropropane dianhydride, 1,4-bis (3,4-dicarboxytrifluorophenoxy) tetrafluorobenzene dianhydride, and the like can be given.

Among these, the tetracarboxylic dianhydride is preferably an aromatic tetracarboxylic dianhydride, and particularly pyromellitic dianhydride, 3,3 ′, 4,4′-benzophenonetetracarboxylic dianhydride. 3,3 ′, 4,4′-biphenylsulfonetetracarboxylic dianhydride or 4,4 ′-(2,2-hexafluoroisopropylidene) diphthalic dianhydride is desirable.
These tetracarboxylic dianhydrides may be used alone or in combination of two or more.

The other diamine compound is not particularly limited as long as it is a diamine compound having two amino groups in the molecular structure. For example, p-phenylenediamine, m-phenylenediamine, 4,4′-diaminodiphenylmethane, 4,4 '-Diaminodiphenylethane, 4,4'-diaminodiphenyl ether, 4,4'-diaminodiphenyl sulfide, 4,4'-diaminodiphenyl sulfone, 1,5-diaminonaphthalene, 3,3-dimethyl-4,4'- Diaminobiphenyl, 5-amino-1- (4′-aminophenyl) -1,3,3-trimethylindane, 6-amino-1- (4′-aminophenyl) -1,3,3-trimethylindane, 4 , 4′-diaminobenzanilide, 3,5-diamino-3′-trifluoromethylbenzanilide, 3,5-diamidine -4'-trifluoromethylbenzanilide, 3,4'-diaminodiphenyl ether, 2,7-diaminofluorene, 2,2-bis (4-aminophenyl) hexafluoropropane, 4,4'-methylene-bis ( 2-chloroaniline), 2,2 ′, 5,5′-tetrachloro-4,4′-diaminobiphenyl, 2,2′-dichloro-4,4′-diamino-5,5′-dimethoxybiphenyl, 3
, 3′-dimethoxy-4,4′-diaminobiphenyl, 4,4′-diamino-2,2′-bis (trifluoromethyl) biphenyl, 2,2-bis [4- (4-aminophenoxy) phenyl] Propane, 2,2-bis [4- (4-aminophenoxy) phenyl] hexafluoropropane, 1,4-bis (4-aminophenoxy) benzene, 4,4′-bis (4-aminophenoxy) -biphenyl, 1,3′-bis (4-aminophenoxy) benzene, 9,9-bis (4-aminophenyl) fluorene, 4,4 ′-(p-phenyleneisopropylidene) bisaniline, 4,4 ′-(m-phenylene) Isopropylidene) bisaniline, 2,2′-bis [4- (4-amino-2-trifluoromethylphenoxy) phenyl] hexafluoropropane, 4,4′-bi [4- (4-amino-2-trifluoromethyl) phenoxy] -aromatic diamine such as octafluorobiphenyl; two amino groups bonded to an aromatic ring such as diaminotetraphenylthiophene and the nitrogen atom of the amino group Aromatic diamines having hetero atoms other than 1,1-metaxylylenediamine, 1,3-propanediamine, tetramethylenediamine, pentamethylenediamine, octamethylenediamine, nonamethylenediamine, 4,4-diaminoheptamethylenediamine 1,4-diaminocyclohexane, isophorone diamine, tetrahydrodicyclopentadienylenediamine, hexahydro-4,7-methanoin danylene dimethylene diamine, tricyclo [6,2,1,02.7] -undecylenedimethyl diamine , 4,4'-methyl Nbisu and aliphatic diamines and alicyclic diamines (cyclohexylamine) and the like.

As other diamine compounds, p-phenylenediamine, 4,4′-diaminodiphenylmethane, 4,4′-diaminodiphenyl ether, 4,4′-diaminodiphenyl sulfide, and 4,4′-diaminodiphenyl sulfone are desirable.
These other diamine compounds may be used alone or in combination of two or more.

As other additives, a filler may be included for the purpose of imparting conductivity, durability, and improving thermal conductivity. Examples of the filler include metal oxide particles, silicate minerals, carbon black, or nitrogen compounds. Among these, at least one conductive material selected from ketjen black, graphite, acetylene black, ITO (tin-added indium oxide), AZO (aluminum-added zinc oxide), Sb doped SnO ₂ -coated TiO _{2 and the} like. The average particle size of the filler is desirably, for example, from 0.1 μm to 15 μm. The blending ratio of the filler is set, for example, in the range of 0.01 parts by mass or more and 30 parts by mass or less per 100 parts by mass of the fluorinated polyimide resin.

Hereinafter, a method for forming the fluorinated polyimide layer will be described.
The fluorinated polyimide layer includes, for example, a step of applying a fluorinated polyimide resin precursor solution containing a component derived from a specific diamine compound to an object to be coated, and application of an object to be coated on which the fluorinated polyimide resin precursor solution is applied. It is obtained through at least a step of leaving the film and a step of drying the coating film of the fluorinated polyimide resin precursor solution applied to the object to be coated.

  Specifically, first, for example, as a fluorinated polyimide resin precursor solution, a solution in which a fluorinated polyamic acid obtained from at least a specific diamine compound and tetracarboxylic dianhydride is dissolved in an organic solvent is prepared.

  The organic solvent is not particularly limited as long as it dissolves the fluorinated polyamic acid, but an organic polar solvent is preferable. Examples of the organic polar solvent include those having a dipole whose functional group does not react with tetracarboxylic dianhydride or diamine. Specific examples of the organic polar solvent include sulfoxide solvents such as dimethyl sulfoxide and diethyl sulfoxide, formamide solvents such as N, N-dimethylformamide and N, N-diethylformamide, N, N-dimethylacetamide, N, Acetamide solvents such as N-diethylacetamide, pyrrolidone solvents such as N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone and N-vinyl-2-pyrrolidone, phenol, o-, m-, or p-cresol, xylenol, halogenated phenol, Phenol solvents such as catechol, ether solvents such as tetrahydrofuran, dioxane and dioxolane, alcohol solvents such as methanol, ethanol and butanol, cellosolve such as butyl cellosolve or hexamethylphosphoramide, γ-butyro Tons, and the like. Examples of the organic polar solvent include aromatic hydrocarbons such as xylene and toluene. These organic polar solvents are used alone or as a mixture.

  Next, the fluorinated polyimide resin precursor solution is applied to the liquid to be applied. As an object to be coated, an arbitrary shape such as a plate shape or a cylindrical shape is adopted. Hereinafter, a case where a fluorinated polyimide resin precursor solution is applied to a cylindrical core as an object to be coated will be described. When a cylindrical core is used as an object to be coated, the cylindrical core is applied to the outer peripheral surface or inner peripheral surface of the cylindrical core. The method for applying the fluorinated polyimide resin precursor solution to the outer peripheral surface of the cylindrical core is not particularly limited, but it is cylindrical by immersing the cylindrical core in the fluorinated polyimide resin precursor solution and then pulling it up. A method of applying to the outer peripheral surface of the core body, a method of spirally applying the cylindrical core body by discharging the solution onto the surface while rotating it horizontally with respect to its central axis, and smoothing the coating film with a blade Etc. As a method of applying the fluoropolyimide resin precursor solution to the inner peripheral surface of the cylindrical core body, the cylindrical core body peripheral surface is obtained by immersing the cylindrical core body in the fluoropolyimide resin precursor solution and then pulling it up. And a method in which a fluorinated polyimide resin precursor solution is supplied to one end of a cylindrical core and a bullet-shaped or spherical traveling body is caused to travel along the inner peripheral surface of the cylindrical core. . These application methods are selected depending on the situation.

  Next, the coating film of the fluorinated polyimide resin precursor solution applied to the object to be coated is left, for example, at 15 to 40 ° C. for 60 to 300 minutes. At this time, since the coating film of the fluorinated polyimide resin precursor solution is affected by gravity, it tends to sag, so the cylindrical core body coated with the fluorinated polyimide resin precursor solution is leveled in the axial direction, For example, it is preferable to leave it while rotating at about 10 rpm to 60 rpm. When the fluorinated polyimide resin precursor solution is applied to the cylindrical core while rotating, it is preferable to continue the rotation continuously from the rotary application.

  As a result, the component derived from the specific diamine compound in the fluorinated polyamic acid contains a fluorine atom having hydrophobicity, so that the component is more hydrophobic at the air interface than the organic solvent (especially the organic polar solvent). It becomes easy to move to the surface layer side of a coating film. Thereby, the coating film of the fluorinated polyimide resin precursor solution has a higher fluorine content on the surface layer side in contact with the air than on the cylindrical core (object to be coated) side.

  Here, in order to make the surface layer side of the coating film of the fluorinated polyimide resin precursor solution highly hydrophobic, that is, in order to increase the fluorine atom content, the atmosphere should be an inert gas atmosphere. . In this inert gas atmosphere, for example, nitrogen, argon, or the like is preferably used as the inert gas. Further, in order to prevent the surface layer portion of the coating film from becoming a hydrophilic atmosphere due to the volatilized organic solvent, it is preferable to continue intake and exhaust using an inert gas having a purity of 80% or more and 100% or less.

  Next, the coating film of the fluorinated polyimide resin precursor solution that has been allowed to stand is dried, for example, at 40 ° C. to 70 ° C. (desirably 50 ° C. to 65 ° C.) for 30 minutes to 200 minutes. By this drying, 30% by mass or more of the solvent contained in the coating film of the fluorinated polyimide resin precursor solution is preferably volatilized. When this drying temperature is too low, the volatilization amount of the organic solvent in the coating film is remarkably lowered, and the decrease amount of the organic solvent in the coating film of the fluorinated polyimide resin precursor solution may be remarkably reduced. On the other hand, if the drying temperature is too high, the volatilization amount of the organic polar solvent in the coating film of the fluorinated polyimide resin precursor solution increases, and the drying tends to proceed rapidly. When drying progresses rapidly, when the organic solvent in the coating film of the fluorinated polyimide resin precursor volatilizes in a short time and is released into the gas, the fluorinated polyimide resin precursor in which a large amount of organic solvent is unevenly distributed in fluorine atoms Since it passes through the surface layer part of the coating film of the body solution, rearrangement of the fluorinated polyamic acid containing the component derived from the specific diamine compound containing fluorine atoms is likely to occur. As a result, in the coating film of the fluorinated polyimide resin precursor solution, the fluorine atom content unevenly distributed in the surface layer portion of the coating film becomes uniform in the thickness direction of the coating film (variation reduction), and the resulting fluorinated polyimide resin layer surface It becomes difficult to achieve uneven distribution of fluorine atom content in

  Next, the dried coating film of the fluorinated polyimide resin precursor solution is imidized by heating, for example, at 250 ° C. or higher and 450 ° C. or lower for 20 minutes or longer and 60 minutes or shorter. Thereby, a fluorinated polyimide resin layer is formed. Here, during the thermal imidization treatment, if the organic solvent remains in the coating film of the fluorinated polyimide resin precursor solution, swelling may occur in the fluorinated polyimide resin layer. It is desirable to remove the residual solvent as much as possible. Specifically, in addition to the above-mentioned drying, it is desirable to further dry by heating at 200 ° C. to 250 ° C. for 10 minutes to 30 minutes before imidation treatment. . Further, following the drying, it is desirable to increase the temperature stepwise or at a constant rate for imidization treatment.

  Here, also in drying and imidization, in order to make the surface layer side of the coating film of the fluorinated polyimide resin precursor solution highly hydrophobic, that is, in order to increase the fluorine atom content, the atmosphere is inert. A gas atmosphere is preferable. In this inert gas atmosphere, for example, nitrogen, argon, or the like is preferably used as the inert gas. Further, in order to prevent the surface layer portion of the coating film from becoming a hydrophilic atmosphere due to the volatilized organic solvent, it is preferable to continue intake and exhaust using an inert gas having a purity of 80% or more and 100% or less.

  As described above, the fluorinated polyimide resin layer is formed.

Next, a preferred embodiment of the electrophotographic member according to this embodiment will be described.
The electrophotographic member according to this embodiment may have a polyimide resin layer containing a polyimide resin that does not contain fluorine atoms. A fluorinated polyimide resin layer is disposed on at least one of one surface and the other surface of the polyimide resin layer. A fluorinated polyimide resin is more expensive than a polyimide resin that does not contain fluorine atoms. For this reason, for example, by forming a polyimide resin layer for the purpose of providing self-supporting properties together with a fluorinated polyimide layer, the fluorinated polyimide resin layer functions as compared with the case where there is no polyimide resin containing no fluorine atom. Accordingly, the self-supporting property of the member can be improved at a low cost. As a result, for example, the amount of fluorinated polyimide resin used can be reduced and the resin layer can be made thicker.

  A polyimide resin layer is comprised including the polyimide resin which does not contain a fluorine atom, and another additive as needed. This polyimide resin is a resin obtained by imidizing the polyamic acid synthesized with another diamine compound and tetracarboxylic dianhydride as described above (for example, synthesized in an equimolar amount). Moreover, the said filler etc. are mentioned as another additive.

  The polyimide resin layer is formed by applying, as a polyimide resin precursor solution, a solution obtained by dissolving a polyamic acid obtained from at least another diamine compound and tetracarboxylic dianhydride in an organic solvent, and drying / imido Can be obtained.

  The polyimide resin layer may be formed separately from the fluorinated polyimide resin layer, and the resin layers may be bonded together or may be formed together with the fluorinated polyimide resin layer. By forming the polyimide resin layer together with the fluorinated polyimide resin layer, adhesion (adhesiveness) between the polyimide resin layer and the fluorinated polyimide resin layer is improved, and peeling is suppressed.

  As a method for forming a polyimide resin layer together with a fluorinated polyimide resin layer, at least a fluorinated polyamic acid obtained from a specific diamine compound and tetracarboxylic dianhydride, and at least another diamine compound and tetracarboxylic dianhydride And a method of using a solution (polyimide resin precursor solution) in which both the polyamic acid obtained by dissolving in an organic solvent are dissolved.

  In the above method, after coating the precursor solution, if the coating film is allowed to stand, the fluorinated polyamic acid in the coating film and the polyamic acid containing no fluorine atom are the components in which the fluorinated polyamic acid is hydrophobic (specific Component) derived from the diamine compound), it becomes easy to move to the coating surface layer portion (gas interface side), so that the fluorinated polyamic acid and the polyamic acid containing no fluorine atom are easily separated. For this reason, the said coating film becomes a two-layer structure with the coating layer containing the polyamic acid which does not contain a fluorine-containing polyamic acid and the coating layer containing a fluoride polyamic acid on the surface layer part side (gas interface side). Then, the coating film is dried and imidized to form a fluorinated polyimide resin layer and a polyimide resin layer not containing fluorine atoms.

  In addition, as a method of forming the polyimide resin layer together with the fluorinated polyimide resin layer, it is applied by using a solution in which a fluorinated polyamic acid obtained by at least a specific diamine compound and tetracarboxylic dianhydride is dissolved in an organic solvent. After drying, it is applied and dried using a solution dissolved in a polyamic acid organic solvent obtained by at least another diamine compound and tetracarboxylic dianhydride on the coating film. A technique for imidization is also mentioned. In this method, the stacking order may be reversed.

  The electrophotographic member according to this embodiment is not particularly limited as long as it has the fluorinated polyimide layer. The electrophotographic member according to the present embodiment may be composed of a fluorinated polyimide layer alone, or may be used in combination with a polyimide resin layer that does not contain fluorine atoms as described above. You may comprise a member combining. However, the fluorinated polyimide resin layer is disposed at a site constituting the functional surface of the member.

  Specific examples of the electrophotographic member according to the present embodiment include, for example, an endless belt (for example, an intermediate transfer belt, a conveyance belt, a fixing belt (a heating belt, a pressure belt), a sliding member (for example, a sliding sheet), Examples thereof include a roll (for example, a charging roll, a transfer roll, and a transport roll) For example, in the case of a belt member or a sliding member, for example, a roll is formed by forming a fluoropolyimide resin layer into a belt shape or a sheet shape. In the case of a member, for example, a fluorine polyimide resin layer is formed as a release layer.

(Fixing device)
Next, an example of the fixing device according to the present embodiment will be described. The fixing device according to the present embodiment has various configurations. Hereinafter, as the first embodiment, a fixing device including a heating roll having a heating source and a pressure belt pressed by a pressure pad will be described. As a second embodiment, a fixing device including a heating belt pressed by a heat source and a pressure roll will be described. The electrophotographic member according to the present embodiment is applied as a heating belt and a pressure belt in these fixing devices. The electrophotographic member according to the present embodiment may be applied as the sliding sheet.

-First Embodiment of Fixing Device-
First, the fixing device 60 according to the first embodiment will be described. FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram illustrating a configuration of a fixing device 60 according to the first embodiment.

  As shown in FIG. 1, the fixing device 60 includes a heating roll 61 as an example of a rotating body that is driven to rotate, a pressure belt 62, and an example of a pressure member that pressurizes the heating roll 61 via the pressure belt 62. The pressure pad 64 is configured. The pressure pad 64 only needs to be relatively pressurized with the pressure belt 62 and the heating roll 61. Therefore, the pressure belt 62 side may be pressed by the heating roll 61, and the heating roll 61 side may be pressed by the heating roll 61.

  The heating roll 61 is configured by laminating a heat-resistant elastic body layer 612 and a release layer 613 around a metal core (cylindrical cored bar) 611. Inside the heating roll 61, a halogen lamp 66 is disposed as an example of a heating unit for heating the unfixed toner image in the sandwiching area. The heating means is not limited to the halogen lamp, and other heat generating members that generate heat may be used.

  On the other hand, a temperature sensitive element 69 is disposed in contact with the surface of the heating roll 61. The lighting of the halogen lamp 66 is controlled based on the temperature measurement value by the temperature sensing element 69, and the surface temperature of the heating roll 61 is maintained at a predetermined set temperature (for example, 150 ° C.).

  The pressure belt 62 is rotatably supported by a pressure pad 64 and a belt traveling guide 63 disposed inside, and edge guides 80 disposed at both ends described later. And it is arranged in pressure contact with the heating roll 61 in the sandwiching region N.

  The pressure pad 64 is disposed inside the pressure belt 62 in a state of being pressed by the heating roll 61 via the pressure belt 62, and forms a sandwiching region N between the pressure pad 64 and the heating roll 61. The pressure pad 64 has a pre-clamping member 64a for securing a wide clamping region N arranged on the inlet side of the clamping region N, and sandwiches a peeling clamping member 64b for distorting the heating roll 61. It is arranged on the exit side of the insertion area N.

  Further, in order to reduce the sliding resistance between the inner peripheral surface of the pressure belt 62 and the pressure pad 64, a sliding sheet 68 is provided on the surface of the pre-nip member 64a and the peeling pin member 64b that are in contact with the pressure belt 62. Is provided. The pressure pad 64 and the sliding sheet 68 are held by a metal holder 65.

  Further, a belt traveling guide 63 is attached to the holder 65 so that the pressure belt 62 rotates.

  The heating roll 61 is rotated in the direction of arrow C by a drive motor (not shown), and the pressure belt 62 is rotated in the direction opposite to the rotation direction of the heating roll 61 following the rotation. That is, the heating roll 61 rotates in the clockwise direction in FIG. 1, whereas the pressure belt 62 rotates in the counterclockwise direction.

  The sheet K (recording medium) having the unfixed toner image is guided by the fixing inlet guide 56 and conveyed to the sandwiching area N. When the paper K passes through the sandwiching area N, the toner image on the paper K is fixed by the pressure acting on the sandwiching area N and the heat supplied from the heating roll 61.

  In the fixing device 60 of the first embodiment, the concave pre-pinching member 64a that follows the outer peripheral surface of the heating roll 61 secures a wide pinching region N as compared with the configuration without the pre-pinching member 64a. .

  Further, in the fixing device 60 according to the first embodiment, the peeling of the heating roll 61 is disposed so as to protrude from the outer peripheral surface of the heating roll 61, so that the distortion of the heating roll 61 is locally generated in the exit area of the clamping area N. It is comprised so that it may become large automatically.

  If the peeling and clamping member 64b is arranged in this way, the paper K after fixing passes through the locally formed distortion when passing through the peeling and clamping area, so that the paper K is heated. Easy to peel off from the roll 61.

  In addition, a peeling member 70 is disposed on the downstream side of the sandwiching region N of the heating roll 61 as an auxiliary means for peeling. The peeling member 70 is held by the holder 72 in a state in which the peeling baffle 71 is close to the heating roll 61 in a direction (counter direction) facing the rotation direction of the heating roll 61.

-Second Embodiment of Fixing Device-
Next, the fixing device 90 according to the second embodiment will be described. FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram illustrating a configuration of the fixing device 90 according to the second embodiment.
Note that the same components as those of the fixing device according to the first embodiment are denoted by the same reference numerals, and detailed description thereof is omitted here.

  As shown in FIG. 2, the fixing device 90 according to the second embodiment includes a heating belt 92 and a pressure roll 91.

  The heating belt 92 is disposed on the toner image holding surface side of the paper K, and a ceramic heater 82 that is a resistance heating element as an example of a heating unit is disposed inside the heating belt 92. Is configured to supply heat to the sandwiching region N.

  The ceramic heater 82 has a substantially flat surface on the pressure roll 91 side. And it arrange | positions in the state pressurized by the pressurization roll 91 via the heating belt 92, and forms the clamping area | region N. FIG. Therefore, the ceramic heater 82 also functions as a pressure member. The paper K that has passed through the sandwiching area N is peeled from the heating belt 92 by the change in the curvature of the heating belt 92 in the exit area (peeling sandwiching portion) of the sandwiching area N.

  Further, a sliding sheet 68 is disposed between the inner peripheral surface of the heating belt 92 and the ceramic heater 82 in order to reduce the sliding resistance between the inner peripheral surface of the heating belt 92 and the ceramic heater 82. The sliding sheet 68 may be configured separately from the ceramic heater 82 or may be configured integrally with the ceramic heater 82.

  On the other hand, the pressure roll 91 is disposed so as to face the heating belt 92, and is configured to rotate in the direction of arrow D by a drive motor (not shown), and the heating belt 92 rotates following the rotation. The pressure roll 91 includes a core (columnar core) 911, a heat-resistant elastic body layer 912 coated on the outer peripheral surface of the core 911, and a release layer 913 made of a heat-resistant resin coating or a heat-resistant rubber coating. As necessary, each layer is made semiconductive by adding carbon black or the like as a countermeasure against toner offset.

  Further, the peeling member 70 may be disposed on the downstream side of the sandwiching region N of the heating belt 92 as an auxiliary means for peeling. The peeling member 70 is held by the holder 72 in a state where the peeling baffle 71 is close to the heating belt 92 in a direction (counter direction) opposite to the rotation direction of the heating belt 92.

  In addition, edge guides (not shown) are provided at both ends of the holder 95. The edge guides are arranged such that the inner surfaces of both edge guides arranged so as to face each other at both ends of the holder 95 have an interval that substantially coincides with the width of the heating belt 92. When the heating belt 92 rotates, movement of the heating belt 92 in the width direction (belt walk) is restricted by the end portions of the heating belt 92 coming into contact with the inner surfaces of both edge guides. Thus, the heating belt 92 is set so that the deviation is regulated by the edge guide.

  Then, the sheet K having the unfixed toner image is guided to the sandwiching area N of the fixing device 90 by the fixing entrance guide. When the paper K passes through the sandwiching area N, the toner image on the paper K is fixed by the pressure acting on the sandwiching area N and the heat supplied from the ceramic heater on the heating belt 92 side.

(Image forming device)
Next, the image forming apparatus of this embodiment will be described. FIG. 3 is a schematic configuration diagram showing the configuration of the image forming apparatus according to the present embodiment. In the image forming apparatus of the present embodiment, the fixing device according to the above-described embodiment is applied. The electrophotographic member according to the present embodiment may be applied as an intermediate transfer belt or a conveyance belt.

  An image forming apparatus 100 shown in FIG. 3 is an intermediate transfer type image forming apparatus generally called a tandem type, and a plurality of image forming units 1Y, 1M, 1C on which toner images of respective color components are formed by an electrophotographic system. 1K and the respective color component toner images formed by the image forming units 1Y, 1M, 1C, and 1K are sequentially transferred (primary transfer) to the intermediate transfer belt 15, and transferred onto the intermediate transfer belt 15. A secondary transfer unit 20 that collectively transfers (secondary transfer) the superimposed toner image onto a sheet K as a recording medium, and a fixing device 60 that fixes the secondary transferred image on the sheet K. Further, the image forming apparatus 100 includes a control unit 40 that controls the operation of each device (each unit).

  The fixing device 60 is the fixing device of the first embodiment described above, and the fixing device includes the pressure belt 62 of the present embodiment described above. The image forming apparatus 100 may be configured to include the fixing device 90 according to the second embodiment described above.

  Each of the image forming units 1Y, 1M, 1C, and 1K of the image forming apparatus 100 includes a photosensitive drum 11 that rotates in the arrow A direction as an example of an image holding body that holds a toner image formed on the surface.

  A charger 12 for charging the photosensitive drum 11 is provided around the photosensitive drum 11 as an example of a charging unit for charging the surface of the image holding member. The charging unit 12 is charged on the surface of the image holding member charged by the charging unit. As an example of a latent image forming means for forming a latent image, a laser exposure device 13 (an exposure beam is indicated by a symbol Bm in the drawing) for writing an electrostatic latent image on the photosensitive drum 11 is provided.

  Further, around the photosensitive drum 11, each color component toner is an example of a developing unit that forms a toner image by developing the latent image formed on the surface of the image holding member with the toner by the latent image forming unit. A developing device 14 is provided that visualizes the electrostatic latent image on the photosensitive drum 11 with toner, and each toner image formed on the photosensitive drum 11 is intermediately transferred by the primary transfer unit 10. A primary transfer roll 16 for transferring to the belt 15 is provided.

  Further, a drum cleaner 17 for removing residual toner on the photosensitive drum 11 is provided around the photosensitive drum 11, and a charger 12, a laser exposure device 13, a developing device 14, a primary transfer roll 16, and a drum cleaner are provided. Seventeen electrophotographic devices are sequentially arranged along the rotation direction of the photosensitive drum 11. These image forming units 1Y, 1M, 1C, and 1K are arranged substantially linearly in the order of yellow (Y), magenta (M), cyan (C), and black (K) from the upstream side of the intermediate transfer belt 15. Has been.

The intermediate transfer belt 15 which is an intermediate transfer member is constituted by a film-like pressure belt containing a resin such as polyimide or polyamide as a base layer and containing an appropriate amount of an antistatic agent such as carbon black. And the volume resistivity is formed so that it may become 10 < ⁶ > -10 < ¹⁴ > (omega | ohm) cm, The thickness is comprised by about 0.1 mm, for example.

  The intermediate transfer belt 15 is circulated and driven (rotated) at a predetermined speed in the direction B shown in FIG. 3 by various rolls. As these various rolls, a drive roll 31 that is driven by a motor (not shown) having excellent constant speed and rotates the intermediate transfer belt 15, and an intermediate transfer that extends substantially linearly along the arrangement direction of the photosensitive drums 11. A support roll 32 that supports the belt 15, a tension roll 33 that functions as a correction roll that applies a constant tension to the intermediate transfer belt 15 and prevents meandering of the intermediate transfer belt 15, and a backup roll provided in the secondary transfer unit 20. 25. A cleaning backup roll 34 is provided in a cleaning unit that scrapes off residual toner on the intermediate transfer belt 15.

The primary transfer unit 10 includes a primary transfer roll 16 that is disposed to face the photosensitive drum 11 with the intermediate transfer belt 15 interposed therebetween. The primary transfer roll 16 includes a shaft and a sponge layer as an elastic layer fixed around the shaft. The shaft is a cylindrical bar made of metal such as iron or SUS. Sponge layer is formed of blend rubber of NBR, SBR and EPDM mixed with a conducting agent such as carbon black, the volume resistivity is spongy cylindrical roll of 107.5-10 ^8.5 [Omega] cm.

  The primary transfer roll 16 is placed in pressure contact with the photosensitive drum 11 with the intermediate transfer belt 15 in between, and the primary transfer roll 16 has a voltage (with negative polarity; the same applies hereinafter) having a polarity opposite to that of the toner. (Primary transfer bias) is applied. As a result, the toner images on the respective photosensitive drums 11 are sequentially electrostatically attracted to the intermediate transfer belt 15 so as to form superimposed toner images on the intermediate transfer belt 15.

  The secondary transfer unit 20 is a secondary roller disposed on the toner image holding surface side of the intermediate transfer belt 15 as an example of a transfer unit that transfers the toner image formed by the backup roll 25 and the developing unit to a recording medium. And a transfer roll 22.

The backup roll 25 is composed of a tube of EPDM and NBR blend rubber with carbon dispersed on the surface, and EPDM rubber inside. And it is formed so that the surface resistivity may be 10 ⁷ to 10 ¹⁰ Ω / □, and the hardness is set to, for example, 70 ° (Asker C: manufactured by Kobunshi Keiki Co., Ltd., the same shall apply hereinafter). The backup roll 25 is disposed on the back side of the intermediate transfer belt 15 to constitute a counter electrode of the secondary transfer roll 22, and a metal power supply roll 26 to which a secondary transfer bias is stably applied is disposed in contact with the backup roll 25. ing.

On the other hand, the secondary transfer roll 22 includes a shaft and a sponge layer as an elastic layer fixed around the shaft. The shaft is a cylindrical bar made of metal such as iron or SUS. The sponge layer is a sponge-like cylindrical roll formed of a blend rubber of NBR, SBR and EPDM containing a conductive agent such as carbon black and having a volume resistivity of 10 ^7.5 to 10 ^8.5 Ωcm.

  The secondary transfer roll 22 is disposed in pressure contact with the backup roll 25 with the intermediate transfer belt 15 interposed therebetween. Further, the secondary transfer roll 22 is grounded, and a secondary transfer bias is formed between the secondary transfer roll 22 and the backup roll 25. The toner image is secondarily transferred onto the paper K conveyed to the transfer unit 20.

  Further, on the downstream side of the secondary transfer portion 20 of the intermediate transfer belt 15, an intermediate transfer belt that removes residual toner and paper dust on the intermediate transfer belt 15 after the secondary transfer and cleans the surface of the intermediate transfer belt 15. A cleaner 35 is provided so as to be able to contact and separate.

  On the other hand, on the upstream side of the yellow image forming unit 1Y, a reference sensor (home position sensor) 42 that generates a reference signal serving as a reference for taking image forming timings in the image forming units 1Y, 1M, 1C, and 1K. It is arranged. Further, an image density sensor 43 for adjusting image quality is disposed on the downstream side of the black image forming unit 1K. The reference sensor 42 recognizes a predetermined mark provided on the back side of the intermediate transfer belt 15 and generates a reference signal. Each image forming unit is instructed by an instruction from the control unit 40 based on the recognition of the reference signal. 1Y, 1M, 1C, and 1K are configured to start image formation.

  Further, in the image forming apparatus according to the present embodiment, as a transport unit that transports the paper K, the paper storage unit 50 that stores the paper K, and the paper K accumulated in the paper storage unit 50 is taken out and transported at a predetermined timing. A paper feed roll 51, a transport roll 52 that transports the paper K fed by the paper feed roll 51, a transport guide 53 that feeds the paper K transported by the transport roll 52 to the secondary transfer unit 20, and the secondary transfer roll 22. A conveyance belt 55 that conveys the sheet K conveyed after the secondary transfer to the fixing device 60 and a fixing entrance guide 56 that guides the sheet K to the fixing device 60 are provided.

  Next, a basic image forming process of the image forming apparatus according to the present embodiment will be described. In the image forming apparatus shown in FIG. 3, image data output from an image reading device (not shown) or a personal computer (PC) (not shown) is subjected to predetermined image processing by an image processing device (not shown), and then an image forming unit. The image forming operation is executed by 1Y, 1M, 1C, 1K.

  The image processing apparatus performs predetermined image processing such as shading correction, position shift correction, brightness / color space conversion, gamma correction, frame deletion, color editing, moving editing, and other various image editing on the input reflectance data. Is given. The image data that has been subjected to image processing is converted into color material gradation data of four colors Y, M, C, and K, and is output to the laser exposure unit 13.

  The laser exposure device 13 irradiates the photosensitive drums 11 of the image forming units 1Y, 1M, 1C, and 1K with, for example, an exposure beam Bm emitted from a semiconductor laser in accordance with the input color material gradation data. Yes. In each of the photosensitive drums 11 of the image forming units 1Y, 1M, 1C, and 1K, after the surface is charged by the charger 12, the surface is scanned and exposed by the laser exposure unit 13 to form an electrostatic latent image. The formed electrostatic latent images are developed as toner images of respective colors Y, M, C, and K by the respective image forming units 1Y, 1M, 1C, and 1K.

  The toner images formed on the photosensitive drums 11 of the image forming units 1Y, 1M, 1C, and 1K are transferred onto the intermediate transfer belt 15 in the primary transfer unit 10 where the photosensitive drums 11 and the intermediate transfer belt 15 contact each other. Transcribed. More specifically, in the primary transfer portion 10, a voltage (primary transfer bias) having a polarity opposite to the toner charging polarity (minus polarity) is applied to the base material of the intermediate transfer belt 15 by the primary transfer roll 16, and the toner image. Are sequentially superimposed on the surface of the intermediate transfer belt 15 to perform primary transfer.

  After the toner images are sequentially primary transferred onto the surface of the intermediate transfer belt 15, the intermediate transfer belt 15 moves and the toner image is conveyed to the secondary transfer unit 20. When the toner image is transported to the secondary transfer unit 20, the transport unit rotates the paper feed roll 51 in accordance with the timing at which the toner image is transported to the secondary transfer unit 20. Paper K is supplied. The paper K supplied by the paper feed roll 51 is transported by the transport roll 52, and reaches the secondary transfer unit 20 through the transport guide 53. Before reaching the secondary transfer unit 20, the sheet K is temporarily stopped, and the registration roll (not shown) rotates in accordance with the movement timing of the intermediate transfer belt 15 on which the toner image is held. And the position of the toner image are aligned.

  In the secondary transfer unit 20, the secondary transfer roll 22 is pressed against the backup roll 25 via the intermediate transfer belt 15. At this time, the sheet K conveyed at the same timing is sandwiched between the intermediate transfer belt 15 and the secondary transfer roll 22. At this time, when a voltage (secondary transfer bias) having the same polarity as the toner charging polarity (negative polarity) is applied from the power supply roll 26, a transfer electric field is formed between the secondary transfer roll 22 and the backup roll 25. Is done. The unfixed toner image held on the intermediate transfer belt 15 is collectively electrostatically transferred onto the paper K in the secondary transfer unit 20 pressed by the secondary transfer roll 22 and the backup roll 25. The

  Thereafter, the sheet K on which the toner image has been electrostatically transferred is conveyed as it is while being peeled off from the intermediate transfer belt 15 by the secondary transfer roll 22, and is conveyed downstream of the secondary transfer roll 22 in the sheet conveyance direction. It is conveyed to the belt 55. The transport belt 55 transports the paper K to the fixing device 60 in accordance with the optimal transport speed in the fixing device 60. The unfixed toner image on the paper K conveyed to the fixing device 60 is fixed on the paper K by receiving a fixing process with heat and pressure by the fixing device 60. Then, the sheet K on which the fixed image is formed is conveyed to a paper discharge container (not shown) provided in the discharge unit of the image forming apparatus.

  On the other hand, after the transfer onto the paper K is completed, the residual toner remaining on the intermediate transfer belt 15 is conveyed to the cleaning unit as the intermediate transfer belt 15 rotates, and is cleaned by the cleaning backup roll 34 and the intermediate transfer belt cleaner 35. It is removed from the intermediate transfer belt 15.

  Although the embodiments of the present invention have been described above, the present invention is not construed as being limited to the above-described embodiments, and various modifications, changes, and improvements can be made, and a range that satisfies the requirements of the present invention. Needless to say, this is feasible.

Hereinafter, the present invention will be described more specifically with reference to examples. However, these examples do not limit the present invention.

Example 1
As the tetracarboxylic dianhydride, 3,3 ′, 4,4′-biphenyltetracarboxylic dianhydride represented by the following structural formula (III) and 2, as the diamine compound represented by the following structural formula (I) A polyimide was prepared using 2-bis (4-aminophenyl) hexafluoropropane. Specifically, 334.4 g of N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone (NMP) was placed in a 2000 ml flask with a stirring blade and heated to 60 ° C. 33.42 g (0.1 mol) of 2,2-bis (4-aminophenyl) hexafluoropropane was added and stirred until completely dissolved. While continuing heating and stirring, 29.42 g (0.1 mol) of 3,3 ′, 4,4′-biphenyltetracarboxylic dianhydride was gradually added and dissolved. After 3,3 ′, 4,4′-biphenyltetracarboxylic dianhydride was dissolved, the polymerization reaction of polyamic acid proceeded, and when the viscosity of the solution increased, 200 g of NMP was added to dilute to 20% by mass and then room temperature. It cooled to (25 degreeC), and the fluorinated polyimide resin precursor solution was obtained.

The fluorinated polyimide resin precursor solution thus obtained was applied to the surface of a cylindrical aluminum mold having an inner diameter of 30 mm and a length of 450 mm. The cylindrical mold was preliminarily coated with a fluorine-based release agent to improve the peelability after belt molding.
Next, the mold was allowed to stand at 20 ° C. for 120 minutes in a nitrogen gas atmosphere while being rotated in the cylinder circumferential direction at 20 rpm. After standing, it was dried at 60 ° C. for 150 minutes in a nitrogen gas atmosphere. It was 65 degree | times as a result of measuring the contact angle with the pure water of the coating-film surface after a drying process.
Next, the mold was placed in an oven, and the temperature was raised stepwise to 350 ° C. in a nitrogen gas atmosphere to perform imidization. Stepwise heating was performed at 160 ° C. for 1 hour, 250 ° C. for 30 minutes, and 350 ° C. for 1 hour. Thereafter, the mold was allowed to cool at room temperature (25 ° C.), the resin was removed from the mold, and the target polyimide endless belt was obtained.
As a result of measuring the contact angle with the pure water of the outer peripheral surface of the obtained polyimide endless belt, it was 110 degrees. Moreover, the contact angle with the pure water of the internal peripheral surface of a polyimide endless belt was 75 degree | times. As a result of measuring the fluorine content of the belt outer peripheral surface layer portion and the inner peripheral surface surface layer portion by XPS, the outer peripheral surface surface layer portion had a fluorine content of 1.25 times that of the inner peripheral surface layer portion. Moreover, the outer peripheral surface surface layer part of the polyimide endless belt had a fluorine content of 1.40 times that of the central part.

(Example 2)
Example 1 except that 51.85 g (0.1 mol) of 2,2-bis [4- (4-aminophenoxy) phenyl] hexafluoropropane represented by the following structural formula (II) was used as the diamine compound. The same was done. After drying, the contact angle with pure water on the surface of the coating film before imidization was measured and found to be 63 degrees. After imidization, the contact angles of pure water on the outer peripheral surface and inner peripheral surface of the obtained polyimide endless belt were 112 degrees and 73 degrees, respectively. The outer peripheral surface portion of the polyimide endless belt had a fluorine content of 1.30 times that of the inner peripheral surface portion. Moreover, the outer peripheral surface surface layer part of the polyimide endless belt had a fluorine content of 1.45 times that of the central part.

(Comparative Example 1)
As tetracarboxylic dianhydride, 29.42 g (0.1 mol) of 3,3 ′, 4,4′-biphenyltetracarboxylic dianhydride represented by the above structural formula (III) and the following structure as a diamine compound A polyimide was prepared using 32.02 g (0.1 mol) of 2,2-bis (trifluoromethyl) -4,4′-diaminobiphenyl represented by the formula (IV). Specifically, the preparation method and the belt manufacturing method were performed in the same manner as in Example 1. After drying, the contact angle with pure water on the surface of the coating film before imidization was 47 degrees. After imidization, the contact angles between the outer peripheral surface and the inner peripheral surface of the obtained polyimide endless belt were 78 degrees and 75 degrees, respectively. The outer peripheral surface portion of the polyimide endless belt had a fluorine content of 1.01 times that of the inner peripheral surface portion. The outer peripheral surface layer portion of the polyimide endless belt had a fluorine content of 1.02 times that of the central portion.
Compared with Examples 1 and 2, in the diamine compound, the substituent having a fluorine atom is directly bonded to the benzene ring, which is more rigid than the diamine compound represented by the structural formula (I) or the structural formula (II). This is probably because the chain structure is strong and the fluorine atom main chain is strongly constrained, so that the phenomenon of uneven distribution of fluorine atoms in the fluorinated polyimide resin precursor solution is not allowed to stand and dry.

(Example 3)
As Example 1, except that 2,2-bis (3,4-dicarboxyphenyl) -hexafluoropropane dianhydride represented by the following structural formula (V) was used as tetracarboxylic dianhydride. went. As a result of measuring the contact angle with the pure water on the coating film surface before imidation after drying, it was 68 degrees. After imidization, the contact angles of pure water on the outer peripheral surface and inner peripheral surface of the obtained polyimide endless belt were 112 degrees and 78 degrees, respectively. The outer peripheral surface layer portion had a fluorine content of 1.23 times that of the inner peripheral surface layer portion. The outer peripheral surface portion of the polyimide endless belt had a fluorine content of 1.39 times that of the central portion.

(Comparative Example 2)
Using 2,2-bis (3,4-dicarboxyphenyl) -hexafluoropropane dianhydride represented by the above structural formula (V) as the tetracarboxylic dianhydride, the above structural formula (IV) as the diamine compound This was carried out in the same manner as in Example 2 except that 2,2-bis (trifluoromethyl) -4,4′-diaminobiphenyl represented by formula (2) was used. After drying, the contact angle with pure water on the surface of the coating film before imidization was measured and found to be 47 degrees. After imidization, the contact angles of pure water on the outer peripheral surface and inner peripheral surface of the obtained polyimide endless belt were 78 degrees and 75 degrees, respectively. The outer peripheral surface portion of the polyimide endless belt had a fluorine content of 1.02 times that of the inner peripheral surface portion. The outer peripheral surface layer portion of the polyimide endless belt had a fluorine content of 1.02 times that of the central portion.

Example 4
A polyimide was prepared using the tetracarboxylic dianhydride and the diamine compound described in Example 2. Specifically, the synthesis of the fluorinated polyimide resin precursor solution and the formation of the coating film were performed in the same manner as in Example 2. After forming the coating film, the temperature was raised stepwise to 350 ° C. in an inert gas such as nitrogen to imidize. The stepwise temperature increase was performed at 70 ° C. for 2 hours, 160 ° C. for 1 hour, 250 ° C. for 30 minutes, and 350 ° C. for 1 hour. The temperature was raised at 70 ° C. for 2 hours, and the contact angle with pure water on the surface of the coating film before imidization was measured. After imidization, the contact angles of pure water on the outer peripheral surface and inner peripheral surface of the obtained polyimide endless belt were 75 degrees and 70 degrees, respectively. The outer peripheral surface portion of the polyimide endless belt had a fluorine content of 1.01 times that of the inner peripheral surface portion. The outer peripheral surface layer portion of the polyimide endless belt had a fluorine content of 1.02 times that of the central portion.

(Example 5)
3,3 ′, 4,4′-biphenyltetracarboxylic dianhydride represented by the above structural formula (III) as the tetracarboxylic dianhydride and 2,2 represented by the above structural formula (II) as the diamine compound. An amino group-terminated prepolymer was synthesized using bis (4-aminophenyl) hexafluoropropane. Specifically, 334.4 g of N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone (NMP) was placed in a 2000 ml flask equipped with a stirring blade and heated to 60 ° C. 41.78 g (0.125 mol) of 2,2-bis (4-aminophenyl) hexafluoropropane was added and stirred until dissolved. While continuing heating and stirring, 29.42 g (0.1 mol) of 3,3 ′, 4,4′-biphenyltetracarboxylic dianhydride was gradually added and dissolved. After 3,3 ′, 4,4′-biphenyltetracarboxylic dianhydride was dissolved, polyamic acid polymerization reaction proceeded, and when the viscosity of the solution increased, 200 g of NMP was added to dilute to 20% by mass and then room temperature. To obtain an amino group-terminated prepolymer solution.

  Separately, 10.81 g (0.1 mol) of p-phenylenediamine represented by the following structural formula (VI) is used instead of 41.78 g of 2,2-bis (4-aminophenyl) hexafluoropropane, A 20% by mass acid dianhydride group-terminated prepolymer solution was obtained in the same manner as described above using 36.78 g (0.125 mol) of ', 4,4'-biphenyltetracarboxylic dianhydride.

The block copolymer type fluorinated polyimide resin precursor is prepared by mixing all of the resulting amino group-terminated prepolymer solution and all of the acid dianhydride group-terminated prepolymer solution and heating and stirring at 60 ° C. A body solution was obtained.
A polyimide endless belt was produced in the same manner as in Example 1 using the fluorinated polyimide resin precursor solution thus obtained. After drying, the contact angle with pure water on the surface of the coating film before imidization was 69 degrees. After imidization, the contact angle of the outer peripheral surface of the obtained polyimide endless belt with pure water was measured and found to be 115 degrees. Moreover, the contact angle with the pure water of the inner peripheral surface of a polyimide endless belt was 72 degree | times. The outer peripheral surface portion of the polyimide endless belt had a fluorine content of 1.35 times that of the inner peripheral surface portion. The outer peripheral surface layer portion of the polyimide endless belt had a fluorine content of 1.42 times that of the central portion.

(Comparative Example 3)
In Example 5, instead of 41.78 g (0.125 mol) of 2,2-bis (4-aminophenyl) hexafluoropropane as a diamine compound containing fluorine, 2,2-bis (trifluoromethyl) -4 Polyimide endless belt was obtained in the same manner as in Example 5 except that 40.03 g (0.125 mol) of 4,4′-diaminobiphenyl was used. After drying, the contact angle with pure water on the belt surface before imidization was measured and found to be 49 degrees. After imidization, the contact angles of pure water on the outer peripheral surface and inner peripheral surface of the obtained polyimide endless belt were 78 degrees and 76 degrees, respectively. The outer peripheral surface portion of the polyimide endless belt had a fluorine content of 1.03 times that of the inner peripheral surface portion. The outer peripheral surface portion of the polyimide endless belt had a fluorine content of 1.03 times that of the central portion.

(Example 6)
As tetracarboxylic dianhydride, 3,3 ′, 4,4′-biphenyltetracarboxylic dianhydride represented by the above structural formula (III) and 2,2-bis ( Polyimide was prepared using 4-aminophenyl) hexafluoropropane. Specifically, 334.4 g of N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone (NMP) was placed in a 2000 ml flask equipped with a stirring blade and heated to 60 ° C. 33.42 g (0.1 mol) of 2,2-bis (4-aminophenyl) hexafluoropropane was added and stirred until dissolved. While continuing heating and stirring, 29.42 g (0.1 mol) of 3,3 ′, 4,4′-biphenyltetracarboxylic dianhydride was gradually added and dissolved. After 3,3 ′, 4,4′-biphenyltetracarboxylic dianhydride was dissolved, polyamic acid polymerization reaction proceeded, and when the viscosity of the solution increased, 200 g of NMP was added to dilute to 20% by mass and then room temperature. It cooled to (25 degreeC), and the fluorinated polyimide resin precursor solution was obtained.

  Separately, p-phenylenediamine (10.81 g) represented by the above structural formula (VI) was used instead of 33.42 g of 2,2-bis (4-aminophenyl) hexafluoropropane in the same manner as above. Thus, a 20% by mass fluorinated polyimide resin precursor solution was obtained.

  The obtained two polyamic acid solutions were mixed to obtain a polyamic acid blend solution having a solid content of 20% by mass. Using the polyamic acid blend solution thus obtained, a mold was applied, left standing, dried, and imidized in the same manner as in Example 1 to obtain a polyimide endless belt. After drying, the contact angle with pure water on the belt surface before imidization was measured and found to be 72 degrees. After imidization, the contact angles of pure water on the outer peripheral surface and inner peripheral surface of the obtained polyimide endless belt were 110 degrees and 70 degrees, respectively. The outer peripheral surface portion of the polyimide endless belt had a fluorine content of 1.37 times that of the inner peripheral surface portion. The outer peripheral surface portion of the polyimide endless belt had a fluorine content of 1.40 times that of the central portion. The polyimide endless belt has a two-layer structure in which a fluorinated polyimide resin layer is formed on the outer peripheral surface side, and a polyimide resin layer (a polyimide layer not containing fluorine atoms) is formed on the inner peripheral surface side. It was.

(Comparative Example 4)
In Example 5, instead of 33.42 g (0.1 mol) of 2,2-bis (4-aminophenyl) hexafluoropropane as a diamine compound, 2,2-bis (trifluoromethyl) -4,4 ′ -A polyimide endless belt was obtained in the same manner as in Example 5 except that 32.02 g (0.1 mol) of diaminobiphenyl was used. After drying, the contact angle with pure water on the belt surface before imidization was measured and found to be 43 degrees. After imidization, the contact angles of pure water on the outer peripheral surface and inner peripheral surface of the obtained polyimide endless belt were 75 degrees and 71 degrees, respectively. The outer peripheral surface layer portion had a fluorine content of 1.03 times that of the inner peripheral surface layer portion. The outer peripheral surface layer portion of the polyimide endless belt had a fluorine content of 1.04 times that of the central portion.

(Example 7)
A polyimide endless belt was obtained in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the drying temperature was 80 ° C. After drying, the contact angle with pure water on the belt surface before imidization was measured and found to be 58 degrees. After imidization, the contact angles of pure water on the outer peripheral surface and inner peripheral surface of the obtained polyimide endless belt were 79 degrees and 74 degrees, respectively. The outer peripheral surface portion of the polyimide endless belt had a fluorine content of 1.01 times that of the inner peripheral surface portion. The outer peripheral surface layer portion of the polyimide endless belt had a fluorine content of 1.02 times that of the central portion.

(Example 8)
A polyimide endless belt was obtained in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the drying temperature was 30 ° C. After drying, the contact angle with pure water on the belt surface before imidization was measured and found to be 49 degrees. After imidization, the contact angles of pure water on the outer peripheral surface and inner peripheral surface of the obtained polyimide endless belt were 73 degrees and 75 degrees, respectively. The outer peripheral surface portion of the polyimide endless belt had a fluorine content of 0.99 times that of the inner peripheral surface portion. The outer peripheral surface portion of the polyimide endless belt had a fluorine content of 1.01 times that of the central portion.

Example 9
A polyimide endless belt was obtained in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the standing time after application of the fluorinated polyimide resin precursor solution was 65 minutes. After drying, the contact angle with pure water on the belt surface before imidization was measured and found to be 64 degrees. After imidization, the contact angles of pure water between the outer peripheral surface and the inner peripheral surface of the obtained polyimide endless belt were 109 degrees and 76 degrees, respectively. The outer peripheral surface portion of the polyimide endless belt had a fluorine content of 1.26 times that of the inner peripheral surface portion. The outer peripheral surface portion of the polyimide endless belt had a fluorine content of 1.35 times that of the central portion.

(Example 10)
A polyimide endless belt was obtained in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the standing time after application of the fluorinated polyimide resin precursor solution was 300 minutes. After drying, the contact angle with pure water on the belt surface before imidization was measured and found to be 66 degrees. After imidization, the contact angles of pure water on the outer peripheral surface and inner peripheral surface of the obtained polyimide endless belt were 112 degrees and 73 degrees, respectively. The outer peripheral surface portion of the polyimide endless belt had a fluorine content of 1.31 times that of the inner peripheral surface portion. The outer peripheral surface portion of the polyimide endless belt had a fluorine content of 1.33 times that of the central portion.

(Example 11)
A polyimide endless belt was obtained in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the standing time after application of the fluorinated polyimide resin precursor solution was 350 minutes. After drying, the contact angle with pure water on the belt surface before imidization was measured and found to be 65 degrees. After imidization, the contact angles of pure water on the outer peripheral surface and inner peripheral surface of the obtained polyimide endless belt were 108 degrees and 78 degrees, respectively. The outer peripheral surface portion of the polyimide endless belt had a fluorine content of 1.22 times that of the inner peripheral surface portion. The outer peripheral surface portion of the polyimide endless belt had a fluorine content of 1.30 times that of the central portion. When the outer peripheral surface of the obtained polyimide endless belt was observed, cracks were generated to some extent, and the surface smoothness was lowered, but it was at a level causing no practical problems.

Example 12
A polyimide endless belt was obtained in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the standing time after application of the fluorinated polyimide resin precursor solution was 10 minutes. After drying, the contact angle with pure water on the belt surface before imidization was measured and found to be 49 degrees. After imidization, the contact angles of pure water on the outer peripheral surface and inner peripheral surface of the obtained polyimide endless belt were 78 degrees and 76 degrees, respectively. The outer peripheral surface portion of the polyimide endless belt had a fluorine content of 1.00 times that of the inner peripheral surface portion. The outer peripheral surface portion of the polyimide endless belt had a fluorine content of 1.01 times that of the central portion.

(Example 13)
A polyimide endless belt was obtained in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the drying time at 50 ° C. was changed to 15 minutes. After drying, the contact angle with pure water on the belt surface before imidization was measured and found to be 48 degrees. After imidization, the contact angles of pure water on the outer peripheral surface and inner peripheral surface of the obtained polyimide endless belt were 74 degrees and 75 degrees, respectively. The outer peripheral surface portion of the polyimide endless belt had a fluorine content of 1.03 times that of the inner peripheral surface portion. The outer peripheral surface layer portion of the polyimide endless belt had a fluorine content of 1.04 times that of the central portion.

(Example 14)
A polyimide endless belt was obtained in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the drying time at 60 ° C. was 250 minutes. After drying, the contact angle with pure water on the belt surface before imidization was measured and found to be 68 degrees. After imidization, the contact angles of pure water between the outer peripheral surface and the inner peripheral surface of the obtained polyimide endless belt were 105 degrees and 73 degrees, respectively. The outer peripheral surface portion of the polyimide endless belt had a fluorine content of 1.30 times that of the central portion. When the outer peripheral surface of the obtained polyimide endless belt was observed, cracks were generated to some extent, and the surface smoothness was lowered, but it was at a level causing no practical problems.

(Example 15)
A polyimide endless belt was obtained in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the standing temperature and time after application of the fluorinated polyimide resin precursor solution were 15 ° C. and 600 minutes. After drying, the contact angle with pure water on the belt surface before imidization was measured and found to be 77 degrees. After imidization, the contact angles of pure water on the outer peripheral surface and inner peripheral surface of the obtained polyimide endless belt were 108 degrees and 77 degrees, respectively. The outer peripheral surface portion of the polyimide endless belt had a fluorine content of 1.88 times that of the inner peripheral surface portion. The outer peripheral surface portion of the polyimide endless belt had a fluorine content of 1.95 times that of the central portion. When the outer peripheral surface of the obtained polyimide endless belt was observed, cracks were generated and the surface smoothness was lowered, but it was at a level causing no practical problem.

(Example 16)
A polyimide endless belt was obtained in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the standing temperature and time after application of the fluorinated polyimide resin precursor solution were 15 ° C. and 720 minutes. After drying, the contact angle with pure water on the belt surface before imidization was measured and found to be 79 degrees. After imidization, the contact angles of pure water on the outer peripheral surface and inner peripheral surface of the obtained polyimide endless belt were 110 degrees and 74 degrees, respectively. The outer peripheral surface portion of the polyimide endless belt had a fluorine content of 1.97 times that of the inner peripheral surface portion. The outer peripheral surface portion of the polyimide endless belt had a fluorine content of 2.05 times that of the central portion. When the outer peripheral surface of the obtained polyimide endless belt was observed, cracks were generated and both the surface smoothness and the wear resistance were lowered, but the level was not problematic in practice.

(Evaluation)
The obtained polyimide endless belt was set as a pressure belt on a Fuji Xerox DCC400 equipped with a heating roll / pressure belt type fixing device (see FIG. 1), and the following evaluation was performed. The results are shown in Table 1.

-Wear resistance of pressure belt-
The wear resistance of the pressure belt was evaluated as follows. The electrophotographic apparatus was set to have an 800 W halogen lamp heater inside the heating roll, a set temperature of 150 ° C., a speed of 150 mm / sec, and a nip width of 8 mm. As the toner, color toner (cyan) for Docu CenterColor 400 manufactured by Fuji Xerox Co., Ltd. was used, and the toner was fixed on “J paper” manufactured by Fuji Xerox Co., Ltd. Under the above conditions, 100,000 sheets (100 kpv) were tested, and the abrasion resistance was evaluated by measuring the thickness of the pressure belt after the test and calculating the amount of decrease per 1 kpv as the amount of wear. It was.

-Releasability of pressure belt-
Evaluation of releasability of the pressure belt was performed as follows. The conditions of the electrophotographic apparatus are the same as in the above abrasion resistance evaluation. When 100 print samples are passed and there is no paper jam (separation failure from the pressure belt), the condition is good. The number of occurrences of clogging was evaluated.

-Fixing characteristics-
The image quality was as follows. The conditions of the electrophotographic apparatus were the same as the above-mentioned abrasion resistance evaluation, and the following evaluation was performed after passing 100 kpv. On the paper with the image fixed, wipe the area where the fixed toner image was destroyed with a crease inside approximately the center of the solid part of the fixed toner image, and measure the white line width. It was evaluated as good when the proportion of the line width that was missing was less than 0.2 mm was 80% or more.

  From the above results, it can be seen that the present example is superior to the comparative example in the wear resistance of the pressure belt, the releasability of the pressure belt, and the image quality.

1 is a schematic diagram illustrating a configuration of a fixing device according to a first embodiment. FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram illustrating a configuration of a fixing device according to a second embodiment. 1 is a schematic configuration diagram illustrating a configuration of an image forming apparatus according to an exemplary embodiment.

Explanation of symbols

1Y, 1M, 1C, 1K Image forming unit 10 Primary transfer unit 11 Photosensitive drum 12 Charger 13 Laser exposure unit 14 Developer 15 Intermediate transfer belt 16 Primary transfer roll 17 Drum cleaner 20 Secondary transfer unit 22 Secondary transfer roll 25 Backup roll 26 Power supply roll 31 Drive roll 32 Support roll 33 Tension roll 34 Cleaning backup roll 35 Intermediate transfer belt cleaner 40 Control section 42 Reference sensor 43 Image density sensor 50 Paper storage section 51 Paper feed roll 52 Conveyance roll 53 Conveyance guide 55 Conveyance belt 56 Fixing entrance guide 60 Fixing device 61 Heating roll 611 Core 612 Heat resistant elastic layer 613 Release layer 62 Pressure belt 63 Belt running guide 64a Pre-nip member 64 Pressure pad 64b Peeling pin member 65 Holder 66 Halogen Pump 68 Sliding sheet 69 Temperature sensing element 70 Peeling member 71 Peeling baffle 72 Holder 80 Edge guide 82 Ceramic heater 90 Fixing device 91 Pressure roll 911 Core 912 Heat-resistant elastic body layer 913 Release layer 92 Heating belt 95 Holder 100 Image formation apparatus

Claims (7)

An electrophotographic member having a fluorinated polyimide resin layer containing a fluorinated polyimide resin having a component derived from at least one diamine compound selected from the following structural formulas (I) and (II).

  2. The electrophotographic member according to claim 1, wherein the surface layer part and the center part of one surface of the fluorinated polyimide resin layer have a difference in fluorine atom content.   2. The electrophotographic member according to claim 1, wherein the fluorine content of the surface layer portion on one surface of the fluorinated polyimide resin layer is 1.05 to 2.00 times the fluorine content of the central portion.   4. The resin composition according to claim 1, further comprising a polyimide resin layer containing a polyimide resin not containing a fluorine atom, and having the fluorinated polyimide resin layer on at least one of the one surface and the other surface of the polyimide resin layer. The member for electrophotography described in 1.   An endless belt comprising the electrophotographic member according to any one of claims 1 to 4. A heating member, and a pressure member disposed in contact with the heating member,
A fixing device in which at least one of the heating member and the pressure member includes the endless belt according to claim 5. An image carrier,
Latent image forming means for forming a latent image on the surface of the image carrier;
Developing means for developing the latent image with toner to form a toner image;
Transfer means for transferring the toner image to a recording medium;
Fixing means for fixing the toner image to the recording medium;
With
The image forming apparatus according to claim 6, wherein the fixing unit is a fixing device.

Images