JP2010142497A - Mouthpiece for assisting and improving respiration at the time of sleeping and for suppressing snoring - Google Patents

Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a mouthpiece not only preventing obstruction of the upper respiratory tract caused by sinking of the tongue root but also always securing the airway at the time of sleeping and sufficiently moistening inspired air. <P>SOLUTION: A pair of left and right through-holes 6 and 7 are disposed in left and right parts of a body 2 of the mouthpiece 1 at positions corresponding to the left and right molars when the mouth piece 1 is attached in a prescribed state inside the oral cavity A of a user. A U-shaped tube 8 as seen from the top is connected to the through-holes 6 and 7 in such a state that the tube extends from one through-hole 6 to reach the other through-hole 7 via the front of the body 2 on the outer surface 2b side. The center front of the tube 8 is exposed out of the lips even when the mouth is closed. An opening 8c is disposed as a hole for respiration in the exposed part of the tube. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2010,JPO&amp;INPIT

Description

  The present invention relates to a mouthpiece used for suppression of wrinkles and assisting / improving sleep breathing.

  Acupuncture occurs when the airway becomes narrower due to a decrease in tension in the pharynx or tongue during sleep and the tongue base blocks the airway (tongue root subsidence), or because of a nasal disorder or pharyngeal disorder. When narrowed, it is said to be caused by vibration of the mucous membrane as air passes through the narrowed airway. Sleep apnea syndrome, on the other hand, is a disease in which breathing stops during sleep (apnea), which is repeated intermittently. If left untreated, it can be life-threatening. That is what is said.

  As means for treating and improving such wrinkles and sleep apnea syndrome, conventionally, for example, mouthpieces as described in Patent Documents 1 to 3 have been proposed. Among them, the one described in Patent Document 1 is a columnar body that extends downward from the front side of the upper arch in a mouthpiece having an upper arch applied to the upper tooth side and a lower arch applied to the lower tooth side during use. The user's lower jaw can be extended by bringing this columnar body into contact with the lower arch. According to this, since the lower jaw moves forward and the upper airway is expanded, wrinkles can be prevented.

  In the above Patent Document 1, a tube fixing loop is provided on the front side of the upper arch, and a tube for supplying oxygen or the like can be attached to this loop (FIG. 4 in the same document 1), A column in which a breathing groove is provided in the columnar body so as to ensure a breathing passage in use (FIG. 6 in the document 1) is also described. According to the former, oxygen can be forcibly supplied through the tube during sleep or the like, and according to the latter, passages for exhalation and inspiration during sleep are secured by the breathing groove.

  The mouthpiece described in Patent Document 2 has a substantially horseshoe-shaped upper mold having a recess that complements the upper jaw along the upper surface, and a recess that complements the lower jaw along the lower surface. In addition, the lower mold is a substantially horseshoe-shaped lower mold that is fixed to the upper mold so as to be shifted to the front side of the face from the normal engagement position. In Patent Document 2, as a preferred embodiment, a mouthpiece is described in which an air passage penetrating from the outside to the inside of the mold is provided on the front side of the mating portion of the pair of upper and lower molds. According to this, similarly to the mouthpiece provided with the breathing groove described in Patent Document 1, it is possible to secure the flow path for exhalation and inhalation during sleep by the air passage as well as the upper airway is expanded by the forward movement of the lower jaw. Become.

  The mouthpiece described in Patent Document 3 is substantially entirely made of an elastic material, and includes a holding portion that can be in close contact with the front and rear surfaces of the upper and lower jaw gums, and the front tooth portion of the holding portion is predetermined. In this range, the structure is cut out. According to this, since the front tooth part of the mouthpiece is cut out, even when the nose is clogged, it is possible to breathe relatively easily through the cutout part, resulting in difficulty breathing during sleep. This will prevent or alleviate wrinkles.

Special table hei 9-502910 (pages 13-14, FIG. 4, FIG. 6) Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 7-241341 (paragraph numbers 0014 and 0022, FIG. 1) Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 10-174697 (paragraph number 0014, FIGS. 1 and 2)

  However, in the conventional mouthpiece as described above, pipes and breathing grooves (Patent Document 1), air passages (Patent Document 2), notches (Patent Document 3) and the like to be air passages (hereinafter referred to as “Patent Document 3”). (When appropriate, such a part is collectively referred to as “breathing airway hole”) is formed near the center between the upper and lower lips (between the upper and lower incisors), so when the lips are closed unconsciously during sleep There is a risk of obstructing the respiratory airways. In addition, when the mouthpiece is worn, the opening end inside the mouth of the respiratory airway hole will be located on the tongue apex side, so the tongue tip is unconsciously pressed against the opening end of the respiratory airway hole during sleep. There is also a risk of closing the opening end. In fact, many people with large epilepsy or sleep apnea syndrome have many people whose tongue itself is larger than the oral volume (such as micromandibular disorders, macroglossia, or those who tend to do so) However, in the case of these people, in the respiratory airway hole as described above, which is located on the tongue apex side, it is easy for a part of the tongue to enter and close.

  Furthermore, in the mouthpiece as described above, the breath sucked from the mouth immediately enters the oral cavity through the respiratory airway hole located between the upper and lower incisors. There is a problem that dry inspiration is supplied to the trachea and lungs as it is without being humidified. There is also a risk that the mouth is thirsty and the throat hurts.

  The present invention addresses the above problems, and as a mouthpiece for suppressing sputum and assisting / improving sleep breathing, it can prevent obstruction of the upper airway due to tongue root depression, However, it is an object of the present invention to provide a mouthpiece that can always secure an airway and can sufficiently humidify the intake air like a nostril.

  In order to achieve the above object, the present invention is characterized in that the mouthpiece used for suppressing sputum and assisting / improving sleep breathing is configured as follows.

  That is, it has a main body 2 formed in a substantially horseshoe-shaped or substantially U-shaped shape corresponding to a dentition in a plan view, and the lower jaw B is located when the main body 2 is bitten and mounted in a predetermined state in the oral cavity A. A groove-shaped concave portion 3 for engaging the upper teeth and a concave portion 4 for engaging the lower teeth are formed on the upper surface side and the lower surface side of the main body 2 so as to be fixed in a state where they are moved forward by a fixed amount.

  The body 2 is formed so that a part of the body 2 is exposed to the outside of the oral cavity A so that the mouth 2 can breathe even when the lips are closed in a predetermined state in the oral cavity A. A communication means 5 for forming a respiratory airway hole that communicates the inside and the outside is provided. And as a breathing hole inside the oral cavity of this communication means 5, a pair of openings 6 a and 7 a are provided on the inner peripheral surface 2 a side of the left and right main body portions corresponding to the left and right molar parts, and for breathing outside the oral cavity As an opening, an opening 8c is provided in the exposed portion of the communication means 5 outside the oral cavity.

  Specifically, the communication means 5 in the present invention is formed in the left and right portions of the main body that are positioned corresponding to the left and right molar portions when the main body 2 is mounted in the oral cavity A in a predetermined state, and extends from the inside to the outside of the main body 2. A pair of left and right through-holes 6 and 7 that penetrate each of them, and a tube (for example, a tube) 8 provided so as to reach the other through-hole 7 from one through-hole 6 through the front outside the main body 2. Can be configured. At least a part of the tube 8 is formed so as to be exposed to the outside of the mouth or lips when the main body 2 is mounted in a predetermined state in the oral cavity A, and the tube portion to be exposed is used for breathing outside the oral cavity. An opening 8c as a hole is provided. The pipe 8 referred to in the present invention is a soft tube or hose that has a certain degree of shape retention and can be elastically deformed at room temperature, or a hard pipe that is difficult to elastically deform at room temperature. Is also included.

  The tube 8 can be formed in a substantially U shape in a plan view, and an opening 8c as a breathing hole outside the oral cavity can be provided in the central front side portion thereof.

  According to the mouthpiece 1 of the present invention, when the main body 2 is bitten and attached to the oral cavity A in a predetermined state, the upper teeth D are inserted into the groove-shaped upper teeth occlusion recesses 3 formed on the upper surface side of the main body 2. The lower jaw E is moved forward by a predetermined amount (several millimeters) when the lower teeth E are engaged with the groove-shaped concave teeth occlusion recess 4 formed on the lower surface side of the main body 2 (cut end) Occlusal state). As a result, the upper airway F expands, obstruction due to tongue root settlement is eliminated, and wrinkles can be prevented.

  The main body 2 is provided with a communication means 5 for forming a respiratory airway that allows the inside and outside of the oral cavity A to communicate even when the lip C is closed in the oral cavity A and the lips C and C are closed. Even when the mouth is closed unconsciously during sleep, the mouth can breathe through the communication means 5. In that case, since the opening 8c is provided in the exposed portion outside the oral cavity in the communication means 5 as a breathing hole outside the oral cavity in the communication means 5, like the nose, the mouth is closed unconsciously during sleep. Even so, the opening 8c, that is, the breathing hole outside the oral cavity is not blocked.

  Inhaled air sucked from the opening 8c outside the oral cavity of the communication means 5 passes through the inside of the communication means 5 wetted by saliva, and a pair of left and right openings 6a and 7a provided on the inner peripheral surface 2a side of the left and right parts of the main body. And then flows into the oral cavity A from there. The communication means 5 in this case was provided in the exposed part outside the oral cavity, instead of flowing the inhaled air taken from the outside of the oral cavity of the mouthpiece into the immediate oral cavity like the respiratory airway hole in the conventional mouthpiece. It is made to flow into the oral cavity A through a relatively long passage (and a passage wetted by saliva) from the opening 8c to a pair of left and right openings 6a and 7a provided on the inner peripheral surface 2a side of the left and right parts of the main body. Therefore, the air inhaled like a nostril is sufficiently humidified before reaching the oral cavity A. Therefore, the pharynx, trachea, lungs and the like can be protected from drying.

  The inhalation flows into the oral cavity A from the breathing hole inside the oral cavity through the inside of the communication means 5 forming the respiratory airway hole. At that time, in the conventional mouthpiece in which the hole for breathing inside the oral cavity is disposed at the portion corresponding to the tongue apex, the breathing hole may be blocked by the tongue apex. However, in the present invention, the pair of left and right openings 6a and 7a constituting the breathing hole on the inner side of the oral cavity are the inner peripheral surfaces 2a of the left and right parts of the main body that are positioned corresponding to the left and right molar parts when mounted in the oral cavity A. Since it is provided on the side, even in the case of a person with a large tongue instead of the oral cavity volume, it is extremely unlikely that the pair of left and right openings 6a and 7a will be blocked simultaneously on the left and right. Therefore, the airway can always be secured even during sleep.

  As shown in FIGS. 1-5, the mouthpiece 1 of this invention has the main body 2 formed in the substantially horseshoe shape or substantially U-shaped shape corresponding to a dentition by planar view. The upper surface side and the lower surface side of the main body 2 are groove-shaped so that when the main body 2 is bitten and mounted in the oral cavity A in a predetermined state, the lower jaw B is fixed in a state where it moves forward by a predetermined amount. A recess 3 for upper teeth occlusion and a recess 4 for occlusion of lower teeth are formed. The left and right ends of these groove-like recesses 3 and 4 may have walls forming the recesses (see FIGS. 1 and 3) or may not be present (see FIGS. 4 and 5). reference).

  The material of the main body 2 is a material that can be deformed by putting it in hot water at a predetermined temperature or higher and heating it for a predetermined time. For example, DuPont USA sells it under the brand name “ELVAX: registered trademark”. An ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer or the like can be used, and those used for dental mouthpieces can also be used.

  The body 2 is formed so that a part thereof is exposed to the outside of the oral cavity A so that the mouth 2 can breathe even when the lips C and C are closed in a predetermined state in the oral cavity A. A communication means 5 for forming a respiratory airway that communicates the inside and outside of the oral cavity A is provided. Specifically, the communication means 5 is formed in the left and right portions of the main body that are positioned corresponding to the left and right molar portions when the main body 2 is mounted in the oral cavity A in a predetermined state. A pair of left and right through-holes 6 and 7 penetrating from the side to the outer peripheral surface 2b side, and one of the through-holes 6 from the front side of the outer peripheral surface 2b side of the main body 2 (may be in close contact with or separated from the outer peripheral surface 2b) And the tube 8 provided so as to reach the other through hole 7. In this case, the communication means 5 can be constituted only by the pipe 8 if the left and right pair of through holes 6 and 7 are formed at one end of the pipe. Examples of the tube 8 that can be used in these cases include a soft plastic tube having a certain degree of shape retention, a hard plastic or metal pipe, and a rubber tube such as silicone rubber. .

  In order to connect the pair of left and right through-holes 6 and 7 and both end portions 8a and 8b of the tube 8 so as not to generate a gap, the inner diameter of each through-hole 6 and 7 and the outer diameter of the tube 8 are substantially the same. The pipes 8 are joined to each other with the same dimensions, with one end of the tube 8 inserted into part or all of the left and right through holes 6 and 7. For bonding, a heat-fusible resin or an adhesive is used.

  As a breathing hole inside the oral cavity of the communication means 5, a pair of openings 6 a and 7 a are provided on the inner peripheral surface 2 a side of the left and right main body portions corresponding to the left and right molar portions. Further, an opening 8 c is provided in an exposed portion of the communication means 5 outside the oral cavity as a breathing hole outside the oral cavity of the communication means 5. When the communication means 5 is constituted by the pair of left and right through-holes 6 and 7 and the tube 8 described above, at least a part of the tube 8 is opened to the mouth or lip when the main body 2 is mounted in the oral cavity A in a predetermined state. An opening 8c as a breathing hole outside the oral cavity is provided in the tube portion that is exposed to the outside.

  The shape of the tube 8 constituting the communication means 5 is not limited as long as at least a part of the tube 8 is exposed to the outside of the mouth or lips, but usually the ease of manufacture, design, feeling of use, etc. In consideration, it is formed in a simple U-shaped shape in plan view. In addition, the breathing hole is sufficient if it is formed in the tube part that will be exposed to at least the mouth or lip outside when the main body is mounted in a predetermined state in the mouth, but it is usually provided in the center front side part. .

  1 to 3 show a mouthpiece 1 according to an embodiment of the present invention. The mouthpiece 1 has a main body 2 that is curved and formed into a substantially horseshoe-shaped or substantially U-shaped shape corresponding to a dentition in plan view. The main body 2 is formed of an ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer in this embodiment.

  On the upper surface side and lower surface side of the main body 2, the lower jaw B is fixedly moved forward by a predetermined amount (shown by a solid line in FIG. 2) when the main body 2 is bitten and mounted in the oral cavity A in a predetermined state. In this manner, a groove-shaped concave portion 3 for upper teeth biting and a groove-shaped concave portion 4 for biting lower teeth are formed. In the illustrated example, the groove-like recesses 3 and 4 have a structure in which the walls 3 a and 4 a forming the recesses 3 and 4 are continuous at both left and right ends of the main body 2.

  The body 2 is formed so that a part thereof is exposed to the outside of the oral cavity A so that the mouth 2 can breathe even when the lips C and C are closed in a predetermined state in the oral cavity A. A communication means 5 for forming a respiratory airway for communicating the inside and outside of the oral cavity A is provided. In the present embodiment, the communication means 5 is formed on the left and right portions of the main body corresponding to the left and right molar portions when the main body 2 is mounted in the oral cavity A in a predetermined state, and from the inner peripheral surface 2a side of the main body 2. A pair of left and right through holes 6, 7 that respectively penetrates to the outer peripheral surface 2 b side, and one of the through holes 6 is provided so as to pass through the front on the outer peripheral surface 2 b side of the main body 2 to the other through hole 7. It is composed of a silicone rubber tube (tube) 8.

  The inner diameter of the pair of left and right through-holes 6 and 7 is set to be approximately equal to the outer diameter of the tube 8, and the oral cavity of the main body 2 is formed so that no gap is generated between the through-holes 6 and 7 and the tube 8. One end 8 a of the tube 8 is connected from the outside in a state of being inserted into one through hole 6, and the other end 8 b of the tube 8 is connected in a state of being inserted into the other through hole 7. The tube 8 in this case is substantially U-shaped in a plan view so that at least a part of the tube 8 is exposed to the outside of the mouth or lips C and C when the main body 2 is included in the oral cavity A and mounted in a predetermined state. The opening 8c which is a hole for breathing outside the oral cavity is provided in the center front side portion which is exposed. The openings 6a and 7a at the inner ends of the pair of left and right through-holes 6 and 7 to which both end portions 8a and 8b of the tube 8 are connected are respectively used as breathing holes inside the oral cavity.

  According to the mouthpiece 1 described above, the upper airway can be prevented from being obstructed by the sinking of the tongue root, and thus wrinkles can be prevented, and the airway can always be secured even during sleep. It can be infused into the trachea and lungs.

  First, the mouthpiece 1 includes the main body 2 in the mouth, and the upper teeth D and lower teeth E are formed in the groove-shaped upper tooth occlusion recess 3 and lower tooth occlusion recess 4 formed on the upper surface side and the lower surface side, respectively. The body 2 is bitten so that the tooth tips of each of the teeth are in close contact. In this way, the upper teeth D and the lower teeth E are engaged with the upper tooth occlusion recesses 3 and the lower tooth occlusion recesses 4 to guide the incisional occlusal state (receiving state), and the lower jaw B has a predetermined amount. Move forward (about 5mm). As a result, the upper respiratory tract (pharynx) F expands, and the pharynx F is closed (shown by the two-dot chain line in FIG. 2) due to the tongue sinking, and then the pharynx F is opened (shown by the solid line in FIG. 2). be changed. As a result, the air resistance of the upper airway F is reduced, the air easily passes through the upper airway F, and the occurrence of wrinkles due to the vibration of the mucous membrane of the upper airway part (pharyngeal part) is prevented. Become. During sleep, if the body 2 is always chewed, the effect of guiding to the incisional state by the forward movement of the lower jaw B can be surely obtained, but even when the body 2 is swallowed, the body 2 can be tightened. The upper airway F can be expanded by moving the lower jaw B forward.

  When the body 2 of the mouthpiece 1 is included in the oral cavity A and attached in a predetermined state as described above, as shown in FIG. 2, the tube 8 provided in the body 2, that is, a communication means for forming a respiratory airway hole. The center front side portion of the tube 8 constituting 5 is exposed to the outside even when the lips C and C are closed. The exposed portion of the tube 8 is provided with an opening 8c, which is a breathing hole outside the oral cavity, and both end portions 8a and 8b of the tube 8 are located on the left and right sides of the main body corresponding to the left and right molar portions. The tube 8 and the through-holes 6 and 7 are connected to a pair of left and right through-holes 6 and 7 that are formed in the part and have openings 6a and 7a at one end as breathing holes inside the oral cavity. The inside and outside of the oral cavity A communicate with each other. In this case, the pair of left and right openings 6a and 7a constituting the breathing hole inside the oral cavity, as shown in FIG. Present on the inner peripheral surface 2a side. Therefore, even in the case of a person having a large tongue G in place of the oral cavity volume, the possibility of closing the pair of left and right openings 6a and 7a simultaneously is extremely low. As a result, the airway can always be secured even during sleep.

  In addition, when the inside and outside of the mouth communicate with each other through the tube 8 and the through holes 6 and 7 as described above, the opening provided in the exposed portion of the tube 8 even when the mouth is closed during sleep. A pair of left and right openings, which are breathing holes inside the oral cavity, pass through the inside of the tube 8 and the left and right through holes 6 and 7 through the portion 8c, ie, the breathing hole outside the oral cavity. It flows into the oral cavity A from 6a and 7a. At this time, moisture from the saliva in the oral cavity A enters the through holes 6 and 7 and further into the tube 8 from the pair of left and right openings 6a and 7a. It is kept moist or wet to some extent. In addition, inhalation flows into the oral cavity A through a relatively long passage from the opening 8c outside the oral cavity to a pair of left and right openings 6a and 7a provided on the inner peripheral surface 2a side of the left and right parts of the main body. Therefore, the air sucked from the opening 8c of the tube 8, that is, the intake air, is sufficiently humidified before reaching the oral cavity A, so that the pharynx, trachea, lungs and the like can be protected from drying.

  As described above, according to the mouthpiece 1 of the present invention, humidified inspiration can be introduced into the trachea, lungs, or the like, but in addition to this, exhaled air can be smoothly passed through the tube 8 or the like as the communication means 5. It can also be discharged to the outside. That is, the mouthpiece 1 of the present invention exerts an excellent respiratory improvement effect on the expiratory disorder of expiration due to nasal congestion or stenosis behind the soft palate (nasopharynx). Although expiratory discharge disorders have not yet been considered as a problem, it has been observed that apnea is as important as inspiration, and that stuttering is more prominent due to exhalation than from inspiration. It is considered that the mouthpiece of the present invention is useful for the treatment and improvement of such exhalation disorder.

  4 and 5 show a mouthpiece 1 according to another embodiment of the present invention. In this mouthpiece 1, the walls forming the recesses are not continuous at both the left and right ends of the groove-like recesses formed on the upper surface side and the lower surface side of the main body 2 (that is, the walls on the left and right end portions are not continuous). This is different from the case of the above embodiment. Other points, that is, the main body 2 of the mouthpiece 1 is formed in a substantially horseshoe-shaped or substantially U-shaped shape corresponding to the dentition in plan view, The grooved upper occlusal recess 3 and the grooved lower tooth occlusion are fixed so that the lower jaw is moved forward by a predetermined amount when chewed into the oral cavity in a predetermined state. The point which each has a recessed part, the point which has a pair of right-and-left through-holes 6 * 7 in the main body 2, and the tube 8 by which both ends 8a * 8b were connected to these through-holes 6 * 7 as a communication means, etc. Is the same as that of the mouthpiece 1 according to the first embodiment described above. Therefore, common parts are denoted by common reference numerals and detailed description thereof is omitted.

It is a perspective view which shows the mouthpiece which concerns on one Example of this invention. It is a longitudinal cross-sectional view which shows the state with which the said mouthpiece was mounted | worn in an intraoral area. It is a cross-sectional view of the mouthpiece used to explain the positional relationship between the left and right through-holes and the tongue in the main body in a state where the mouthpiece is mounted in the oral cavity. It is a perspective view which shows the mouthpiece which concerns on the other Example of this invention. It is a cross-sectional view showing a cross-sectional structure of a mouthpiece according to another embodiment of the present invention.

Explanation of symbols

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Mouthpiece 2 Main body 2a Main body inner peripheral surface 2b Main body outer peripheral surface 3 Upper tooth occlusion concave portion 4 Lower tooth occlusion concave portion 5 Communication means 6, 7 A pair of left and right through holes 6a, 7a For breathing inside the oral cavity A pair of openings as holes 8 Tubes
8c Opening A as mouth for breathing outside the mouth

Claims (3)

A mouthpiece used to suppress sputum and assist / improve sleep breathing,
Having a main body formed in a substantially horseshoe-shaped or substantially U-shaped shape corresponding to the dentition in plan view;
The upper upper and lower surfaces of the main body are used for occlusion of the upper teeth of the groove so that the lower jaw moves forward by a predetermined amount when the main body is bitten and installed in the oral cavity in a predetermined state. A recess and a groove-shaped recess for occlusal lower teeth are formed respectively.
The body is formed so that a part of the body is exposed to the outside of the mouth so that the mouth can breathe even when the lips are closed in a predetermined state in the mouth, and the inside and outside of the mouth are communicated. A communication means for forming a respiratory airway is provided;
As a breathing hole inside the oral cavity of this communication means, a pair of openings are provided on the inner peripheral surface side of the left and right main body portions corresponding to the left and right molar parts, and as a breathing hole outside the oral cavity, A mouthpiece for respiratory assistance / improvement during sleep and suppression of wrinkles, characterized in that an opening is provided in an exposed portion outside the oral cavity of the communication means. The communication means is a pair of left and right penetrations that are formed in the left and right portions of the body corresponding to the left and right molar portions when the body is mounted in a predetermined state in the oral cavity and penetrates from the inner peripheral surface side to the outer peripheral surface side of the main body. A hole, and a pipe provided so as to reach the other through hole from one through hole through the front outside the main body,
At least a part of the tube is formed so as to be exposed to the outside of the mouth or lips when the main body is mounted in a predetermined state in the oral cavity, and the tube part to be exposed is used for breathing outside the oral cavity. The mouthpiece for respiratory assistance / improvement during sleep and suppression of wrinkles according to claim 1, wherein an opening as a hole is provided.   The tube constituting the communication means for forming a respiratory airway hole is formed in a substantially U shape in a plan view, and an opening as a breathing hole outside the oral cavity is provided in a central front side portion thereof. Item 2. A mouthpiece for respiratory assistance / improvement during sleep and suppression of wrinkles.

Images