JP2010138676A - Back filling material, method for forming permeable layer and the permeable layer - Google Patents

Back filling material, method for forming permeable layer and the permeable layer Download PDF

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JP2010138676A
JP2010138676A JP2008318740A JP2008318740A JP2010138676A JP 2010138676 A JP2010138676 A JP 2010138676A JP 2008318740 A JP2008318740 A JP 2008318740A JP 2008318740 A JP2008318740 A JP 2008318740A JP 2010138676 A JP2010138676 A JP 2010138676A
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water
gel
tail void
permeable layer
filled
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JP5276967B2 (en
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Kosaburo Tsuchiya
幸三郎 土屋
Yoichi Moriya
洋一 守屋
Tsutomu Yashiro
勉 屋代
Akira Niimura
亮 新村
Takatoshi Tajima
孝敏 田島
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TAIHEIYO SOIL CORP
Obayashi Corp
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TAIHEIYO SOIL CORP
Obayashi Corp
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Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a permeable back filling material capable of surely generating permeability after being filled into a tail void and being hardened during the construction of a shield tunnel, a method for forming a permeable layer at an outer periphery of the shield tunnel by using it and the permeable layer thereof. <P>SOLUTION: A back-filling material filled into a tail void during the construction of a shield tunnel has alkalinity while having fluidity at its filling into the tail void. After being filled into the tail void, the back filling material is mixed with an alkaline hardening material which is hardened with the lapse of time and gel which absorbs water in a water absorption polymer which is dehydrated and shrunk in an alkaline circumference. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2010,JPO&INPIT

Description

本発明は、シールドトンネルを施工する際にテールボイドに充填する裏込め材に係り、特に硬化後に透水性を備えるものに関する。   The present invention relates to a backfilling material that fills a tail void when constructing a shield tunnel, and particularly relates to a material having water permeability after curing.

従来より、シールド工法において、海底や川底、湖底等にトンネルを構築し、透水性のセグメントを介して海水や淡水等をトンネル内に導入して取水したり、構築されたトンネルが生活用水等となる水脈を分断しないようにトンネル外周に水流の迂回路を形成したりするために、セグメントと地山との間に生じる空隙(テールボイド)に、硬化後に透水性を備える裏込め材を充填する技術が提案されている。   Conventionally, in the shield method, tunnels are constructed on the sea floor, river bottom, lake bottom, etc., and seawater and fresh water are introduced into the tunnel through the water-permeable segment, and the constructed tunnel is used as domestic water. In order to form a detour of the water flow around the tunnel so as not to divide the water vein, the technology that fills the voids (tail voids) between the segments and the natural ground with water-permeable backfilling material after curing Has been proposed.

例えば、特許文献1には、シールド工法により地山を掘進後、トンネル外周に、裏込め材として、粒度調整した砂や礫などともに、植物繊維を主材としたセルロース系増粘材を充填する技術が開示されている。これは、砂や礫とともに粘性を有するセルロース系増粘材が配合されていることにより、充填直後には、透水性が低く止水効果が高いことから地山の緩みや漏水を抑制し、時間が経過するにつれて生分解によってその粘性が消滅することにより、裏込め材が透水性を発現するというものである。   For example, in Patent Document 1, after excavating a natural ground by a shield method, the outer periphery of the tunnel is filled with a cellulosic thickener mainly composed of plant fibers as a backfilling material, with sand and gravel adjusted for particle size. Technology is disclosed. This is because by adding a cellulose thickener that has viscosity along with sand and gravel, immediately after filling, the water permeability is low and the water-stopping effect is high. As the time elapses, the viscosity disappears due to biodegradation, so that the backfill material exhibits water permeability.

また、特許文献2には、砂や砂利等の骨材に適量のセメントと水とを混合したコンクリートの基材に、ゼラチンやニカワなどのコラーゲンからなる水溶性もしくは熱溶解性を有する溶解性繊維を水で膨潤させたものを加えて、裏込め材として使用する技術が開示されている。これは、テールボイドに充填された裏込め材内に分散する溶解性繊維が、その充填後に溶解して空隙を形成し、トンネル外周に透水層が形成されるというものである。
特開2001−303886号公報 特開2008−25112号公報
Patent Document 2 discloses a water-soluble or heat-soluble soluble fiber made of collagen, such as gelatin or glue, on a concrete base material in which an appropriate amount of cement and water are mixed with aggregate such as sand or gravel. A technique of adding a material swollen with water and using it as a back-filling material is disclosed. This is because soluble fibers dispersed in the backfill material filled in the tail voids dissolve after the filling to form voids, and a water permeable layer is formed on the outer periphery of the tunnel.
JP 2001-303886 A JP 2008-25112 A

しかしながら、特許文献1に記載の裏込め材を用いる方法では、セルロース系増粘材が地山中に生息する微生物等により生分解され、透水性を有するようになるまでの時間を予測するのは困難であり、トンネル外周に透水層を形成するにあたり確実性に欠ける。   However, in the method using the backfilling material described in Patent Document 1, it is difficult to predict the time until the cellulosic thickener is biodegraded by microorganisms or the like that inhabit the ground and become water-permeable. Therefore, there is no certainty in forming a water permeable layer on the outer periphery of the tunnel.

特許文献2に記載の裏込め材を用いる方法では、溶解性繊維を水で膨潤させる際に低温に管理する必要があり、そのための設備及び多大な手間が生じてしまう。   In the method using the backfilling material described in Patent Document 2, it is necessary to manage the soluble fiber at a low temperature when it is swollen with water, which requires equipment and a great deal of labor.

本発明は上記の点に鑑みてなされたものであり、シールドトンネルを施工するにあたり、テールボイドに充填されて硬化後に、確実に透水性を発現することが可能な透水性裏込め材、及びそれを用いてシールドトンネルの外周に透水層を形成する方法、並びにその透水層を提供することを目的とする。   The present invention has been made in view of the above points, and when constructing a shield tunnel, a water-permeable backfilling material capable of reliably expressing water permeability after being filled in a tail void and cured, and It aims at providing the method of forming a water-permeable layer in the outer periphery of a shield tunnel, and the water-permeable layer.

上記の目的を達成するため、本発明は、シールドトンネルを施工する際にテールボイドに充填する裏込め材であって、
アルカリ性を有するとともに、流動状態から時間の経過とともに硬化する硬化材と、
アルカリ環境で脱水し収縮する吸水性ポリマーに水を吸水させたゲルと、を混合してなることを特徴とする。
In order to achieve the above object, the present invention is a backfill material for filling a tail void when constructing a shield tunnel,
A hardener that has alkalinity and cures over time from a fluid state;
It is characterized by mixing a water-absorbing polymer that dehydrates and shrinks in an alkaline environment with a gel in which water is absorbed.

本発明の裏込め材によれば、シールドトンネルを施工するにあたり、テールボイドに充填時に吸水性ポリマーに水を吸水させたゲルと硬化材とは共に流動性を有することから、硬化材とゲルとが互いに均一に混合されてテールボイド内の隅々まで良好に充填される。   According to the backfilling material of the present invention, when the shield tunnel is constructed, since the gel and the cured material in which the water-absorbing polymer absorbs water when filling the tail void have fluidity, the cured material and the gel are It is uniformly mixed with each other and is well filled to every corner in the tail void.

そして、テールボイドに充填後の裏込め材は、裏込め材中に分散したゲルがアルカリ性の硬化材と接触することで脱水して収縮するととともに、硬化材は硬化していくので、複数の空隙を有する硬化体となる。これにより、空隙同士が連通して水みちとなり、トンネル外周に透水性が良好な層を確実に形成することができる。   The backfilling material after filling the tail void is dehydrated and contracted by the gel dispersed in the backfilling material coming into contact with the alkaline curing material, and the curing material is cured, so that a plurality of voids are formed. It becomes the hardening body which has. Accordingly, the gaps communicate with each other to form a water channel, and a layer having good water permeability can be reliably formed on the outer periphery of the tunnel.

本発明において、硬化材として、モルタルを用いることとしてもよい。   In the present invention, mortar may be used as the curing material.

本発明において、前記硬化材と前記ゲルとの合計体積に対する、前記ゲルの容積比を40%以上として混合したこととしてもよい。この構成によれば、テールボイドに充填された裏込め材が、十分な透水性を有している地盤(例えば、砂地盤や地山等級がDII級相当の地盤)と同程度の透水性及び変形性を備える硬化体となる。   In this invention, it is good also as mixing the volume ratio of the said gel with respect to the total volume of the said hardening | curing material and the said gel as 40% or more. According to this configuration, the backfilling material filled in the tail void has the same water permeability and deformation as a ground having sufficient water permeability (for example, a sand ground or a ground equivalent to the DII class). It becomes the hardening body provided with property.

また、本発明は、シールドトンネルの外周に透水層を形成する方法であって、アルカリ性を有するとともに、流動状態から時間の経過とともに硬化する硬化材と、アルカリ性環境で脱水し収縮する吸水性ポリマーに水を吸水させたゲルとを、前記シールドトンネルのテールボイドに充填することを特徴とする。   The present invention also relates to a method for forming a water permeable layer on the outer periphery of a shield tunnel, which has an alkaline property and a hardened material that cures over time from a fluid state, and a water-absorbing polymer that dehydrates and shrinks in an alkaline environment. The tail void of the shield tunnel is filled with gel that has absorbed water.

本発明において、前記硬化材と前記ゲルとを、前記テールボイドに充填する直前に混合することとしてもよい。この構成によれば、ゲルがテールボイドに充填される前に脱水反応が生じることを防止し、テールボイドに充填された裏込め材内に、確実に空隙を形成することができる。   In the present invention, the hardener and the gel may be mixed immediately before filling the tail void. According to this configuration, it is possible to prevent the dehydration reaction from occurring before the gel is filled into the tail void, and to reliably form a void in the backfill material filled into the tail void.

また、本発明は、シールドトンネルの外周に形成された透水層であって、アルカリ性を有するとともに、流動状態から時間の経過とともに硬化する硬化材と、アルカリ性環境で脱水し収縮する吸水性ポリマーに水を吸水させたゲルとが混合状態で前記シールドトンネルのテールボイドに充填されていることを特徴とする。   The present invention also relates to a water-permeable layer formed on the outer periphery of the shield tunnel, which has alkalinity and is cured with a hardened material that is hardened over time from a fluidized state, and a water-absorbing polymer that dehydrates and shrinks in an alkaline environment. The tail void of the shield tunnel is filled in a mixed state with the gel that has absorbed water.

本発明によれば、シールドトンネルを施工するにあたり、テールボイドに充填されて硬化後に、確実に透水性を発現することが可能な透水性裏込め材、及びそれを用いてシールドトンネルの外周に透水層を形成する方法、並びにその透水層を提供できる。   According to the present invention, in constructing a shield tunnel, a water-permeable backfilling material that can reliably exhibit water permeability after being filled in a tail void and cured, and a water-permeable layer on the outer periphery of the shield tunnel using the same. And a water permeable layer thereof can be provided.

以下、本発明の好ましい一実施形態について図面に基づき詳細に説明する。
図1は、本実施形態に係る裏込め材の配合の一例を表にまとめたものである。
図1に示すように、本実施形態に係る裏込め材は、シールドトンネルを施工する際にテールボイドに充填する硬化材と、吸水性ポリマーに水を吸水させたゲルとを混合したものである。
Hereinafter, a preferred embodiment of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the drawings.
FIG. 1 summarizes an example of the composition of the backfilling material according to this embodiment.
As shown in FIG. 1, the backfilling material according to the present embodiment is a mixture of a curing material that fills a tail void when constructing a shield tunnel and a gel in which water is absorbed in a water-absorbing polymer.

硬化材には、アルカリ性を有するとともに、テールボイド充填時には流動性を有し、テールボイドに充填後、時間の経過とともに硬化するものを用いる。
かかる硬化材としては、例えば、従来から裏込め材に汎用される一液型のモルタル等を用いることができるが、二液型のものを用いてもよい。
As the curing material, a material having alkalinity and fluidity at the time of tail void filling, and being cured with the passage of time after filling the tail void is used.
As such a curing material, for example, a one-pack type mortar conventionally used as a backfill material can be used, but a two-pack type material may also be used.

二液型の硬化材は、テールボイドに充填する際に、A液と呼ばれるスラグセメント系モルタルと、B液と呼ばれる水ガラスとを混合して用いる。A液は、施工態様により様々であるが、一般的には、スラグなどのセメント系硬化材を主剤とし、石灰、粘土鉱物などの助剤、必要に応じ安定剤を含む水系懸濁液である。B液は、A液を短時間に硬化させるための凝結剤として作用する。このようなA液及びB液は、一般にアルカリ性を示す。   When the two-component type curing material is filled in the tail void, a slag cement-based mortar called A liquid and water glass called B liquid are mixed and used. The liquid A varies depending on the construction mode, but is generally an aqueous suspension containing a cement-based hardener such as slag as the main agent, auxiliary agents such as lime and clay minerals, and stabilizers as necessary. . The B liquid acts as a coagulant for curing the A liquid in a short time. Such A liquid and B liquid generally show alkalinity.

本実施形態で使用する吸水性ポリマーは、高い水分保持性能を有するとともに、保持した水をアルカリ性環境下で脱水し収縮する性質を有するものである。
かかる吸水ポリマーとして、例えば、ポリアクリル酸塩架橋体重合物を用いることができる。ポリアクリル酸塩架橋体重合物は、自重の数十倍から数百倍の水を吸収保持することが可能である一方、アルカリ性の水と接触すると、保持していた水を脱水する性質を有する。
The water-absorbing polymer used in the present embodiment has a high water retention performance and also has a property of dewatering and shrinking the retained water in an alkaline environment.
As such a water-absorbing polymer, for example, a polyacrylate cross-linked polymer can be used. The polyacrylate cross-linked polymer can absorb and hold water several tens to several hundred times as much as its own weight, but has the property of dehydrating the held water when it comes into contact with alkaline water. .

上記二液型の硬化材の材料としては、例えば、太平洋ソイル株式会社製の製品であれば、A液として、主剤にエスハイト、助剤に助剤−S、安定剤にSP−R、B液の水ガラスとしてSP−70を用いることができる。この場合、例えば、エスハイトを300kg、助剤−Sを25kg、SP−Rを1.5kg、水を812kg、SP−70を74L配合する。   As a material of the two-component type curing material, for example, if it is a product manufactured by Taiheiyo Soil Co., Ltd., as A solution, S-height as the main agent, Auxiliary agent-S as the auxiliary agent, SP-R, B solution as the stabilizer SP-70 can be used as the water glass. In this case, for example, 300 kg of Es-height, 25 kg of auxiliary agent-S, 1.5 kg of SP-R, 812 kg of water, and 74 L of SP-70 are blended.

また、吸水ポリマーとして、例えば、4kgのポリアクリル酸塩架橋体重合物を使用し、これに998kgの水を混合することによりゲルを作製する。   Further, as the water-absorbing polymer, for example, 4 kg of a polyacrylate cross-linked polymer is used, and 998 kg of water is mixed with this to produce a gel.

本実施形態に係る裏込め材の材料である、二液型の硬化材のA液とB液と、吸水ポリマーに水を吸水させたゲルとは、それぞれ、別々の配管を介して、充填対象のテールボイド近傍まで圧送され、テールボイドに充填される直前、或いはテールボイドに充填されると同時に混練されることとしている。
その理由は、硬化材とゲルとが混練されてからテールボイドに充填されるまでの時間が長いと、アルカリ性を示す硬化材とゲルとが反応して充填前にゲルに脱水が生じ、テールボイドに充填後の裏込め材中に、充分な空隙が形成されないからである。
The A and B liquids of the two-pack type curing material, which are the materials of the backfilling material according to the present embodiment, and the gel in which water is absorbed by the water-absorbing polymer are respectively filled via separate pipes. It is pumped to the vicinity of the tail void, and is kneaded immediately before filling the tail void or simultaneously with filling the tail void.
The reason for this is that if the time from when the hardener and gel are kneaded until the tail void is filled is long, the alkali hardener and gel react to cause dehydration of the gel before filling, filling the tail void. This is because sufficient voids are not formed in the later backfilling material.

これに対し、これらの材料がテールボイドに充填される直前、或いはテールボイドに充填されると同時に混練されると、テールボイド充填後は流動性を有するので、テールボイド内の隅々まで行き渡ることができる。
また、ゲルも硬化材の硬化とともに脱水していき、硬化材が硬化時に、その内部に充分な空隙が形成される。
On the other hand, when these materials are kneaded immediately before being filled into the tail void or simultaneously with being filled into the tail void, they have fluidity after filling the tail void, so that they can reach every corner in the tail void.
Further, the gel is also dehydrated with the curing of the curing material, and when the curing material is cured, a sufficient gap is formed in the interior.

ここで、テールボイドに充填する硬化材とゲルとを混合する際に、ゲルの配合が、硬化材とゲルとの合計体積に対して、少なくとも40%以上の体積を占めるように配合する、ものとする。
このような割合でゲルを硬化材に配合することで、テールボイドに充填された裏込め材が、周辺に存在する十分な透水性を有して適当な強度を有する地盤(例えば、砂地盤や地山等級がDII級相当の地盤)と同程度の透水性及び変形性を備える硬化体となる。
Here, when mixing the curing material and the gel filled in the tail void, the formulation of the gel is blended so as to occupy at least 40% or more of the total volume of the curing material and the gel, and To do.
By blending the gel into the hardener at such a ratio, the backfilling material filled in the tail void has sufficient water permeability in the surrounding area and has appropriate strength (for example, sand or ground). It becomes a hardened body having a water permeability and deformability comparable to that of a ground grade equivalent to DII grade.

図2は、本実施形態に係る裏込め材中の硬化材とゲルとの経時変化を説明するための説明図であり、同図(a)は混合された直後、同図(b)は硬化材の硬化時の状態を示す。   FIG. 2 is an explanatory diagram for explaining a change with time of the curing material and the gel in the backfilling material according to the present embodiment. FIG. 2 (a) is just after mixing, and FIG. The state at the time of hardening of a material is shown.

図2(a)に示すように、硬化材10とゲル20とが混合された直後は、液状の硬化材10の内部にゲル20が粒状となって分散している。すなわち、流動性を保持した状態で、テールボイド内に充填されるので、テールボイド内の隅々まで行き渡ることができる。
図2(b)に示すように、テールボイド内に充填された裏込め材は、硬化材10の部分が時間の経過とともに硬化していくとともに、ゲル20の部分がアルカリ性を示す硬化材と接触しているので脱水して収縮していき、これにより裏込め材内に複数の空隙30が形成され、空隙30の内部には脱水した吸水ポリマー40が残る。
その結果、空隙同士が連通して水みちとなり、トンネル外周に透水性が良好な層が形成されることになる。
As shown in FIG. 2A, immediately after the curing material 10 and the gel 20 are mixed, the gel 20 is dispersed in a granular form inside the liquid curing material 10. That is, since the tail void is filled with the fluidity maintained, it can reach every corner of the tail void.
As shown in FIG. 2 (b), the backfilling material filled in the tail voids is such that the portion of the curing material 10 is cured with the passage of time and the portion of the gel 20 is in contact with the alkaline curing material. Therefore, it dehydrates and shrinks, whereby a plurality of voids 30 are formed in the backfill material, and the dehydrated water-absorbing polymer 40 remains in the voids 30.
As a result, the voids communicate with each other to form a water channel, and a layer having good water permeability is formed on the outer periphery of the tunnel.

次に、本実施形態に係る裏込め材の、硬化材とゲルとの最適な配合を検討するための実験を行ったので、以下にその詳細について述べる。   Next, since the experiment for examining the optimal mixing | blending of the hardening | curing material and gel of the backfill material which concerns on this embodiment was conducted, the detail is described below.

図3は、本実験に用いた硬化材とゲルとの配合を表にまとめたものである。
図3の表に示すように、本実験では、硬化材とゲルとの配合を、硬化材とゲルとの体積比が、5:5(配合1)と6:4(配合2)の2種類設定し、これら配合で試験体をそれぞれ作製し、透水性及び変形性の試験を行った。
なお、本実験では、硬化材及びゲルとして、図1に示したものと同一の材料及び配合のもの用いた。
FIG. 3 summarizes the composition of the curing material and gel used in this experiment in a table.
As shown in the table of FIG. 3, in this experiment, the curing material and the gel are mixed in two volume ratios of 5: 5 (mixing 1) and 6: 4 (mixing 2). The test specimens were prepared with these compositions and tested for water permeability and deformability.
In this experiment, the same material and blend as shown in FIG. 1 were used as the hardener and gel.

図4は、各試験体の透水試験の状況を示す写真である。
図4の写真に示すように透水性の試験には、JIS-A1218に基づく変水位透水試験を採用した。
具体的には、内径5cmのアクリル製の円筒内に、各配合について、裏込め材の高さが約10cm程度になるように充填し、充填された裏込め材を硬化させて、材齢28日における透水係数を測定した。図4中の左側は配合1、右側は配合2の裏込め材による試験体の変水位透水試験の状況である。
FIG. 4 is a photograph showing the state of the water permeability test of each specimen.
As shown in the photograph of FIG. 4, the water permeability test based on JIS-A1218 was adopted for the water permeability test.
Specifically, in each of the blends, an acrylic cylinder having an inner diameter of 5 cm is filled so that the height of the backfilling material is about 10 cm, the filled backfilling material is cured, and the age of 28 The hydraulic conductivity in the day was measured. The left side in FIG. 4 shows the water level permeability test of the test specimen using the backfill material of Formulation 1 and the right side.

図5は、各試験体の透水性の試験結果を表にまとめたものである。透水係数は、値が大きいほど透水性が良好である事を示す。また、図6は透水係数とその対応する土質区分を示す図である(出典:土木工学ポケットブック―JR版(1958年)、オーム社、p83)。   FIG. 5 summarizes the test results of water permeability of each test body in a table. The larger the value of the water permeability coefficient, the better the water permeability. FIG. 6 is a diagram showing the hydraulic conductivity and the corresponding soil classification (Source: Civil Engineering Pocketbook-JR Edition (1958), Ohmsha, p83).

図5の表に示すように、裏込め材に含まれるゲルの割合が大きいと透水性が向上している。
具体的に、配合1では、透水係数が1.7×10−4〜1.1×10−3cm/secとなり、これはシルト・風化粘土〜砂の透水性に相当する(図6参照)。当該透水係数は、社団法人日本道路協会発行による「道路トンネル技術基準(構造片)・同解説」に記載の地山基準であれば、DII級に概ね相当する。
配合2では、透水係数が1.8×10−5〜1.7×10−4cm/secとなり、これはシルト・風化粘土の粘土混合土の透水性に相当する(図6参照)。
上記した土質区分又は地山等級は、一般に十分な透水性を有すると判断される地盤である。すなわち、配合1又は配合2のような割合で裏込め材を配合することで、テールボイドに充填された裏込め材は、十分な透水性を有する硬化体となる。
As shown in the table of FIG. 5, the water permeability is improved when the ratio of the gel contained in the backfill material is large.
Specifically, in Formulation 1, the water permeability coefficient is 1.7 × 10 −4 to 1.1 × 10 −3 cm / sec, which corresponds to the water permeability of silt / weathered clay to sand (see FIG. 6). . The hydraulic conductivity is roughly equivalent to the DII class if it is a natural ground standard described in “Road Tunnel Technical Standard (Structural Fragment) / Description” published by the Japan Road Association.
In the composition 2, the water permeability coefficient is 1.8 × 10 −5 to 1.7 × 10 −4 cm / sec, which corresponds to the water permeability of the clay mixed soil of silt and weathered clay (see FIG. 6).
The above-mentioned soil classification or ground level is a ground generally judged to have sufficient water permeability. That is, by blending the backfilling material in the ratio of Formulation 1 or Formulation 2, the backfilling material filled in the tail void becomes a cured body having sufficient water permeability.

図7は、各試験体の変形係数の試験に用いた試験体の写真であり、上側が外観写真、下側が断面写真である。なお、各試験体は、直径5cm、高さ10cmの円柱形状に作製した。
図7の写真の試験体の断面写真に示すように、裏込め材中には、ゲルによって空隙が確実に形成されていることが確認でき、また、ゲルの配合量が多い配合1の試験体は配合2の試験体よりも、空隙の領域が大きく且つその数が多い。
FIG. 7 is a photograph of the specimen used for testing the deformation coefficient of each specimen, with the upper part being an appearance photograph and the lower part being a cross-sectional photograph. In addition, each test body was produced in the column shape of diameter 5cm and height 10cm.
As shown in the cross-sectional photograph of the test specimen in the photograph of FIG. 7, it can be confirmed that voids are surely formed by the gel in the backfill material, and the test specimen of Formulation 1 with a large amount of gel blended. Has a larger void area and a larger number than that of the test specimen of Formulation 2.

このようにして作製した各配合の試験体について、材齢28日における一軸圧縮試験を行い、応力−ひずみ曲線を取得することにより変形係数を求めた。変形係数は、値が大きいほど固くもろい材質である事を示す。   The specimens thus prepared were subjected to a uniaxial compression test at a material age of 28 days, and a deformation coefficient was obtained by obtaining a stress-strain curve. The larger the value of the deformation coefficient, the harder and more brittle the material.

図8は、各試験体の変形係数の測定結果を表にまとめたものである。
図8の表に示すように、ゲルの配合量が少ない配合2の方の試験体の変形係数(222〜356MN/m)の方が、配合1の試験体の変形係数(62〜120MN/m)よりも大きい。これは、空隙の領域が少ない配合2の試験体の方が、密実な硬化体となるためであると考えられる。
FIG. 8 summarizes the measurement results of the deformation coefficient of each specimen in a table.
As shown in the table of FIG. 8, the deformation coefficient (222 to 356 MN / m 2 ) of the test body of Formulation 2 having a smaller amount of gel is more the deformation coefficient (62 to 120 MN / m 2 ) of the test body of Formulation 1. greater than m 2 ). This is considered to be because the test body of Formulation 2 with fewer void regions becomes a solid cured body.

このように本実施形態では、一軸圧縮条件下における変形係数を求めたが、実際には、シールド機が掘削する地盤には三軸方向から圧縮力が作用しており、一軸圧縮条件下の変形係数よりも三軸圧縮条件下の変形係数の方が大きな値になる。
例えば、シールド機によりトンネル掘削する地盤の三軸圧縮の拘束圧を0.4MPaとした場合の変形係数は、一軸圧縮条件下の変形係数と比べて概ね4倍程度の大きさになる。
そして、シールド機によりトンネル掘削が可能な地盤である地山等級がDII級相当の地山の変形係数が、三軸圧縮条件下でE=150MN/m程度とすると、当該条件を、一軸圧縮条件下の変形係数の条件に換算すれば、150MN/m以上の1/4である約40MN/m以上となる。
As described above, in the present embodiment, the deformation coefficient under the uniaxial compression condition is obtained. However, in actuality, a compressive force acts on the ground excavated by the shield machine from the triaxial direction, and the deformation under the uniaxial compression condition is performed. The deformation coefficient under the triaxial compression condition is larger than the coefficient.
For example, the deformation coefficient when the constraining pressure for triaxial compression of the ground to be tunnel excavated by the shield machine is 0.4 MPa is about four times larger than the deformation coefficient under the uniaxial compression condition.
And if the deformation coefficient of the ground where the ground level that can be tunnel excavated by the shield machine is equivalent to DII class is about E = 150MN / m 2 under the triaxial compression condition, the condition is uniaxial compression. when converted to the conditions of deformation coefficient conditions, it is about 40 mN / m 2 or more is 150 mN / m 2 or more 1/4.

ここで、本実験の変形係数の測定結果によれば、配合1及び配合2の裏込め材からなる硬化体は、ともに40MN/m以上の変形係数を有している。すなわち、配合1又は配合2のような割合で裏込め材を配合することで、テールボイドに充填された裏込め材は、十分な強度を有する地盤と同程度の変形性を備える硬化体となると考えられる。 Here, according to the measurement result of the deformation coefficient of this experiment, the cured bodies made of the backfill materials of Formulation 1 and Formulation 2 both have a deformation coefficient of 40 MN / m 2 or more. That is, it is considered that the backfilling material filled in the tail void becomes a cured body having the same degree of deformability as the ground having sufficient strength by blending the backfilling material at a ratio as in Formulation 1 or Formulation 2. It is done.

このように、本実施形態に係る裏込め材の実験結果によれば、配合1及び配合2のどちらの配合でも、テールボイドに充填された裏込め材が、十分な透水性を有する地盤(例えば、砂地盤や地山等級がDII級相当の地盤)と同程度の透水性及び変形性を備えるという結果が得られた。   As described above, according to the experimental result of the backfilling material according to the present embodiment, the backfilling material filled in the tail void in both the blending 1 and the blending 2 has a sufficient water permeability (for example, The result was that the sand and ground grades had the same water permeability and deformability as those of DII grade).

以上説明したように、本実施形態に係る裏込め材は、アルカリ性を有するとともに、テールボイドに充填時に流動性を有し、テールボイドに充填後、時間の経過とともに硬化するアルカリ性硬化材と、アルカリ性環境で脱水し収縮する吸水性ポリマーに水を吸水させたゲルと、を混合してなる。
これにより、シールドトンネルを施工するにあたり、テールボイドに充填時には、吸水性ポリマーに水を吸水させたゲルと硬化材とは共に流動性を有することから、硬化材とゲルとが互いに均一に混合されてテールボイド内の隅々まで良好に充填される。
そして、テールボイドに充填後の裏込め材は、裏込め材中に分散したゲルがアルカリ性の硬化材と接触することで脱水して収縮するとともに、硬化材は硬化していくので、複数の空隙を有する硬化体となる。これにより、空隙同士が連通して水みちとなり、トンネル外周に透水性が良好な層を確実に形成することができる。
As described above, the backfilling material according to the present embodiment has alkalinity and fluidity when filling the tail void, and the alkaline curing material that cures over time after filling the tail void, and in an alkaline environment. A water-absorbing polymer that dehydrates and contracts is mixed with a gel in which water is absorbed.
As a result, when the shield tunnel is constructed, when the tail void is filled, the gel and the cured material in which the water-absorbing polymer absorbs water both have fluidity, so the cured material and the gel are mixed uniformly with each other. Good filling to every corner of the tail void.
The backfilling material after filling the tail void dehydrates and shrinks when the gel dispersed in the backfilling material comes into contact with the alkaline curing material, and the curing material cures. It becomes the hardening body which has. Accordingly, the gaps communicate with each other to form a water channel, and a layer having good water permeability can be reliably formed on the outer periphery of the tunnel.

また、本実施形態に係る裏込め材によれば、ゲルの配合が、硬化材とゲルとの合計体積に対して、少なくとも40%以上の体積を占めるように配合することにより、テールボイドに充填された裏込め材が、十分に透水性を有する地盤(例えば、砂地盤や地山等級がDII級相当の地盤)と同程度の透水性及び変形性を備える硬化体となる。   Further, according to the backfilling material according to this embodiment, the tail void is filled by blending the gel so that the volume of the gel occupies at least 40% or more of the total volume of the curing material and the gel. The backfilling material becomes a hardened body having water permeability and deformability comparable to those of a sufficiently water-permeable ground (for example, a sand ground or a ground having a ground mountain grade equivalent to DII class).

また、本実施形態に係る裏込め材によれば、硬化材とゲルとを、テールボイドに充填する直前に混合することにより、テールボイドに充填前にゲルに脱水反応が生じることを防止し、テールボイドに充填された裏込め材内に、確実に空隙を形成することができる。   In addition, according to the backfilling material according to the present embodiment, the curing material and the gel are mixed immediately before filling the tail void, thereby preventing a dehydration reaction from occurring in the gel before filling the tail void. A void can be reliably formed in the filled backfill material.

本実施形態に係る裏込め材の配合の一例を表にまとめたものである。An example of the composition of the backfilling material according to the present embodiment is summarized in a table. 本実施形態に係る裏込め材中の硬化材とゲルとの経時変化を説明するための説明図であり、同図(a)は混合された直後、同図(b)は硬化材の硬化時の状態を示す。It is explanatory drawing for demonstrating the time-dependent change of the hardening material and gel in the backfilling material which concerns on this embodiment, the figure (a) is immediately after mixing, the figure (b) is at the time of hardening of a hardening material. Shows the state. 本実験に用いた硬化材とゲルとの配合を表にまとめたものである。The composition of the hardener and gel used in this experiment is summarized in a table. 各試験体の透水試験の状況を示す写真である。It is a photograph which shows the condition of the water permeability test of each test body. 各試験体の透水性の試験結果を表にまとめたものである。The test results of water permeability of each specimen are summarized in a table. 透水係数とその対応する土質区分を示す図である。It is a figure which shows a hydraulic conductivity and its corresponding soil classification. 各試験体の変形係数の試験に用いた試験体の写真であり、上側が外観写真、下側が断面写真である。It is the photograph of the test body used for the test of the deformation coefficient of each test body, the upper side is an external appearance photograph, and the lower side is a cross-sectional photograph. 各試験体の変形係数の測定結果を表にまとめたものである。The measurement results of the deformation coefficient of each specimen are summarized in a table.

符号の説明Explanation of symbols

10 硬化材
20 ゲル
30 空隙
40 吸水ポリマー
10 Curing material 20 Gel 30 Void 40 Water-absorbing polymer

Claims (6)

シールドトンネルを施工する際にテールボイドに充填する裏込め材であって、
アルカリ性を有するとともに、流動状態から時間の経過とともに硬化する硬化材と、
アルカリ環境で脱水し収縮する吸水性ポリマーに水を吸水させたゲルと、を混合してなることを特徴とする裏込め材。
It is a backfill material that fills the tail void when constructing a shield tunnel,
A hardener that has alkalinity and cures over time from a fluid state;
A back-filling material comprising a water-absorbing polymer that dehydrates and shrinks in an alkaline environment and a gel in which water is absorbed.
前記硬化材として、モルタルを用いたことを特徴とする請求項1に記載の裏込め材。   The backfilling material according to claim 1, wherein mortar is used as the curing material. 前記硬化材と前記ゲルとの合計体積に対する、前記ゲルの容積比を40%以上として混合したことを特徴とする請求項1又は2に記載の裏込め材。   The backfilling material according to claim 1, wherein the gel is mixed with a volume ratio of the gel to a total volume of the curing material and the gel of 40% or more. シールドトンネルの外周に透水層を形成する方法であって、
アルカリ性を有するとともに、流動状態から時間の経過とともに硬化する硬化材と、アルカリ性環境で脱水し収縮する吸水性ポリマーに水を吸水させたゲルとを、前記シールドトンネルのテールボイドに充填することを特徴とするシールド外周への透水層形成方法。
A method of forming a water permeable layer on the outer periphery of a shield tunnel,
It is characterized by filling the tail void of the shield tunnel with a curing material that has alkalinity and is cured over time from a fluid state, and a gel in which water is absorbed in a water-absorbing polymer that dehydrates and shrinks in an alkaline environment. A method for forming a water permeable layer on the outer periphery of the shield.
前記硬化材と前記ゲルとを、前記テールボイドに充填する直前に混合することを特徴とする請求項4に記載のシールド外周への透水層形成方法。   The method of forming a water permeable layer on the outer periphery of the shield according to claim 4, wherein the curing material and the gel are mixed immediately before the tail void is filled. シールドトンネルの外周に形成された透水層であって、
アルカリ性を有するとともに、流動状態から時間の経過とともに硬化する硬化材と、アルカリ性環境で脱水し収縮する吸水性ポリマーに水を吸水させたゲルとが混合状態で前記シールドトンネルのテールボイドに充填されていることを特徴とする透水層。
A water permeable layer formed on the outer periphery of the shield tunnel,
The shield tunnel tail void is filled in a mixed state with a curing material that has alkalinity and cures over time from a fluid state and a gel in which water is absorbed in a water-absorbing polymer that dehydrates and shrinks in an alkaline environment. A water permeable layer characterized by that.
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Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN102976647A (en) * 2012-11-18 2013-03-20 金建工程设计有限公司 Wet discharge, consolidation and deposition method for tailings

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JPH02133357A (en) * 1988-11-14 1990-05-22 Sumitomo Metal Ind Ltd Production of lightweight cement building material
JPH10280888A (en) * 1997-04-08 1998-10-20 Kajima Corp Shield tunnel
JP2000280231A (en) * 1999-03-31 2000-10-10 Railway Technical Res Inst Manufacture of setting filler using water-absorbing polymer
JP2006342671A (en) * 2006-09-28 2006-12-21 Kajima Corp Shield tunnel construction method

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* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPH02133357A (en) * 1988-11-14 1990-05-22 Sumitomo Metal Ind Ltd Production of lightweight cement building material
JPH10280888A (en) * 1997-04-08 1998-10-20 Kajima Corp Shield tunnel
JP2000280231A (en) * 1999-03-31 2000-10-10 Railway Technical Res Inst Manufacture of setting filler using water-absorbing polymer
JP2006342671A (en) * 2006-09-28 2006-12-21 Kajima Corp Shield tunnel construction method

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* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN102976647A (en) * 2012-11-18 2013-03-20 金建工程设计有限公司 Wet discharge, consolidation and deposition method for tailings

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