JP2010097336A - Device and method for monitoring invasion of privacy, and program - Google Patents

Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To avoid a risk of invasion of privacy such that a user is specified by superimposing disclosed personal information in a community type network service. <P>SOLUTION: A privacy invasion monitoring device is provided with: a data input part 111 which receives personal information which a user newly disclosed from a user terminal; an anonymity computing part 122 which computes the avoidance level of anonymity loss of the user based on the personal information read from a personal information database 13 which stores the personal information being disclosed on the network service for every user and the received personal information; a warning transmission part 15 which notifies a warning to the user terminal when the avoidance level of the anonymity loss is lower than a predetermined threshold; and a personal information registration part 14 which registers the personal information concerned into the personal information database 13 when receiving a request for disclose of the personal information by the data input part 111 as a response to the warning. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2010,JPO&INPIT

Description

  The present invention relates to a privacy infringement monitoring apparatus, a privacy infringement monitoring method, and a program.

Currently, there is a method of statistically evaluating how much anonymity of a certain user is reduced with respect to superimposition of personal information using information entropy (see, for example, Patent Documents 1 and 2).
On the other hand, in recent years, network services of a type that registers / posts personal information and exchanges information among a plurality of functional modules or services in some cases have attracted attention. A social networking service (hereinafter referred to as SNS) is one of them, and is a community-type website formed based on connections between humans in the real world. SNS is a service that builds human relationships according to taste, region, school, etc. Based on the idea that “friends of friends are friends”, in many cases, it is not possible to participate in SNS without an invitation from participants, but SNS that anyone can freely register is increasing. SNS is also used in the fields of companies and medical care such as sharing of schedules and sales information in each department within the company and information sharing with patients in hospitals (for example, see Non-Patent Document 1).
JP 2007-219635 A JP 2007-219636 A “Publication of business blog and business SNS use cases”, [online], Ministry of Internal Affairs and Communications, [Searched on September 26, 2008], Internet <URL: http://www.soumu.go.jp/s-news/ 2005 / 051222_13.html>

FIG. 21 is a schematic diagram showing a configuration of an SNS system premised on the present invention.
An SNS server 1A that provides SNS and a plurality of user terminals 2A that use SNS are connected via the Internet. SNS is a service that provides various functions such as a mail transmission / reception function, a blog function, a bulletin board, and video posting. In SNS, a user can publish his diary and photos only to acquaintances, and information on a specific topic can be exchanged using a service such as a bulletin board called a community.

  FIG. 22 is a conceptual diagram of a community provided by SNS. In SNS, there are a plurality of communities related to hobbies such as travel and camera relations, and companies and school related communities. In the community, users exchange information using agents who are confident. Each agent holds an agent ID that can be uniquely identified in the SMS. Some users may use different SNS for work and private use. Further, even for the same private use, the use of the currently used SNS may be interrupted and switched to another SNS depending on the cybercrime rate and the function provided by the SNS. Since users can invite new users one after another, the number of users who use SNS in a chain increases.

The SNS business model includes a model that obtains advertising revenue by placing an advertisement on a user's site, and a model that obtains revenue from a synergy effect that is guided to or linked to another company's site or the company's own site using SNS customers.
Many SNSs provide services independently, but using an authentication means such as OpenID that can authenticate a plurality of sites with a common ID and password allows different SNSs to log in with the same ID. The server that issues OpenID plays the same role as the certificate authority.

By the way, SNS has various privacy problems. One of the problems is that an individual cannot be identified by individual information alone, but an individual may be identified by overlapping a plurality of pieces of information. Even if a user discloses personal information so that it does not lead to personal identification, it is possible to identify what kind of person the user is by superimposing other personal information obtained from a user who has a history of personal information or a friendship. It can be understood that privacy may be violated by unintended partners. Superimposing information means combining information. For example, superimposing information “sex: female” and information “hobby: travel” means combining the information into “sex: female” and “hobby: travel”.
The privacy infringement problem due to the superposition of information becomes more serious when OpenID is used. By using OpenID, an SNS designed with various privacy policies can be viewed as a virtual SNS on the network. For this reason, it becomes easy to collect specific personal information from a wider range, and the problem of privacy infringement due to superimposition of information becomes serious.
However, the techniques described in Patent Documents 1 and 2 are mainly based on a limited space network such as a ubiquitous network, and application to an open space such as the Internet is not considered. There is a problem.
Furthermore, in the techniques described in Patent Documents 1 and 2, the user is aware that an individual may not be specified by only individual information, but may be specified by superimposing a plurality of pieces of personal information. It was difficult.
The present invention has been made in view of the above points, and its purpose is a privacy infringement that avoids the risk of a privacy infringement such that a user is specified by superimposing disclosed personal information in a community-type network service. It is to provide a monitoring device, a privacy violation monitoring method, and a program.

  The present invention has been made to solve the above-described problems. One aspect of the present invention is a data input unit that receives personal information newly disclosed by a user from a user terminal, and is disclosed on a network service. Anonymity calculation unit for calculating the degree of avoidance of anonymity loss of the user based on the personal information read from the personal information database storing personal information for each user and the personal information received by the data input unit And when the degree of avoidance of loss of anonymity calculated by the anonymity calculation unit is lower than a predetermined threshold, a warning transmission unit that notifies the user terminal of a warning, and the warning notified by the warning transmission unit In response, when receiving a request for disclosure of the personal information received by the data input unit, the personal information is registered in the personal information database. And personal information registration unit that is a privacy monitoring apparatus comprising: a.

  Further, according to one aspect of the present invention, in the privacy violation monitoring apparatus, the anonymity calculation unit is personal information read from the personal information database, and personal information for each of a plurality of service modules to which the user belongs. Merging unit for integrating the user, and calculating the degree of avoidance of anonymity loss of the user based on the personal information integrated by the merging unit and the personal information received by the data input unit.

  Further, according to one aspect of the present invention, in the privacy infringement monitoring apparatus, the data input unit receives, from a user terminal, the personal information newly disclosed by the user together with a common ID among a plurality of network services, A personal information receiving unit that receives personal information of a service module to which the user belongs from each of a plurality of servers including the personal information database using the common ID input by a data input unit; , Integrating the plurality of personal information acquired by the personal information receiving unit, and the personal information registering unit receives the personal information received by the data input unit as a response to the warning notified by the warning transmitting unit. When an information disclosure request is received, the personal information is transmitted to the server.

  Further, according to one aspect of the present invention, the data input unit receives the personal information newly disclosed by the user from the user terminal, and the anonymity calculation unit acquires the personal information disclosed on the network service for each user. Calculating the degree of avoidance of anonymity loss of the user based on the personal information read from the personal information database stored in the personal information and the personal information received by the data input unit; A step of notifying the user terminal of a warning when the anonymity loss avoidance degree calculated by the sex calculating unit is lower than a predetermined threshold; and a personal information registering unit corresponding to the warning notified by the warning transmitting unit If the personal information disclosure request received by the data input unit is received as a response, the personal information is stored in the personal information database. And registering a privacy monitoring method characterized by having a.

  Further, according to one aspect of the present invention, in the privacy violation monitoring method, the anonymity calculation unit is personal information read from the personal information database, and the personal information for each of a plurality of service modules to which the user belongs. Merging unit for integrating the user, and calculating the degree of avoidance of anonymity loss of the user based on the personal information integrated by the merging unit and the personal information received by the data input unit.

  Further, according to one aspect of the present invention, in the privacy infringement monitoring method, the data input unit receives the personal information newly disclosed by a user together with a common ID among a plurality of network services from a user terminal, and Receiving the personal information of the service module to which the user belongs from each of a plurality of servers provided with the personal information database, using the common ID input by the data input unit, The personal information registration unit integrates a plurality of the personal information acquired by the personal information receiving unit, and the personal information registering unit receives the personal information received by the data input unit as a response to the warning notified by the warning transmitting unit. When a public request is received, the personal information is transmitted to the server.

  Further, according to one embodiment of the present invention, a computer receives a personal information newly disclosed by a user from a user terminal, and reads the personal information disclosed on the network service from a personal information database stored for each user. Calculating the degree of avoidance of anonymity of the user based on the issued personal information and the received personal information, and if the calculated degree of avoidance of anonymity loss is lower than a predetermined threshold, the user terminal A program for executing a step of notifying a warning and a step of registering the personal information in the personal information database when a request for disclosure of the received personal information is received as a response to the notified warning It is.

  According to the present invention, an anonymity loss avoidance degree is calculated based on undisclosed personal information based on undisclosed personal information and already disclosed personal information. As a result, it is possible to detect the risk of privacy infringement such that the user is specified by superimposing the disclosed personal information. In addition, since the warning is issued to the user when the degree of avoidance of anonymity loss is lower than the threshold value, it is possible to inform the user that there is a risk of privacy infringement by disclosing undisclosed personal information. For this reason, the user can know the risk of privacy infringement by disclosing certain personal information.

[First embodiment]
Hereinafter, embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the drawings.
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram illustrating a configuration of a privacy violation monitoring system according to an embodiment of the present invention.
The privacy infringement monitoring system includes a privacy infringement monitoring apparatus 1 that provides a service for disclosing personal information and monitors privacy infringement by superimposing personal information, and a user terminal 2 that is used by a user who uses the service. Consists of including. The plurality of user terminals 2 and the privacy infringement monitoring apparatus 1 are connected via the Internet and can transmit and receive data to and from each other.

FIG. 2 is a block diagram illustrating a functional configuration of the privacy infringement monitoring apparatus 1 according to the first embodiment.
The privacy infringement monitoring apparatus 1 includes a service dependence unit 11 that performs processing depending on the type of service, a personal information database 13 that stores personal information published on the network service for each user, and does not depend on the type of service. A service-independent unit 12 that performs processing, a warning transmission unit 15, a buffer 17 that temporarily stores personal information for calculating anonymity, a public request reception unit 16, and a personal information registration unit 14. Consists of including.
The service dependence unit 11 includes a data input unit 111, an input data detection unit 112, a privacy related attribute extraction unit 113, and a combination output unit 114.
The service-independent unit 12 includes a protection receiving unit 121, an anonymity calculation unit 122, and a protection target user storage unit 123 that stores identification information of a user who monitors privacy infringement.

The protection reception unit 121 receives a protection request from the user terminal 2. The protection request is a message including user identification information. The protection reception unit 121 registers the received user identification information in the protection target user storage unit 123.
The personal information database 13 manages personal information of each user in pairs of (attribute, attribute value) (for example, (gender, female), etc.) for each domain and service module.

The data input unit 111 receives a confirmation request from the user terminal 2. The confirmation request is a message including personal information newly disclosed by the user and user identification information. Then, the data input unit 111 outputs the personal information to the input data detection unit 112. There are two types of personal information to be received. One is data that is extracted in advance from the text to be released and classified in the form of (attribute, attribute value). The other is full text with no changes.
The input data detection unit 112 determines whether the input personal information is classified data or full text. Then, the input data detection unit 112 outputs the personal information to the combination output unit 114 when the personal information is classified data. On the other hand, when the personal information is full text, the input data detection unit 112 outputs the personal information to the privacy related attribute extraction unit 113.
The privacy-related attribute extraction unit 113 classifies personal information that is full text into (attributes, attribute values) using Japanese morphological analysis such as NexT (named entity extraction tool), and combines the classified privacy data into a combination output unit To 114.
The combination output unit 114 includes a domain determination unit 114A and a module determination unit 114B. The domain determination unit 114A determines whether the service used by the user has a single domain or a plurality of domains. The module determination unit 114B determines whether the service module used by the user is single or plural. Note that the domain and service module of the service used by each user are registered in the privacy infringement monitoring apparatus 1 in advance. The combination output unit 114 writes the input personal information, user identification information, and the discrimination results of the domain discrimination unit 114A and the module discrimination unit 114B in the buffer 17.

The anonymity calculation unit 122 acquires personal information and user identification information stored in the buffer 17. When the acquired user identification information is stored in the protection target user storage unit 123, the anonymity of the user is acquired. Calculate loss avoidance. The anonymity calculation unit 122 includes an anonymity quantification unit 122A that calculates the anonymity loss avoidance degree of the user and a threshold value management unit 122B that manages a predetermined anonymity threshold value.
Specifically, the anonymity calculation unit 122, based on the user identification information stored in the buffer 17, stores the personal information of the domain and service module that the user has previously disclosed personal information in the personal information database 13. And stored in the buffer 17. Then, the anonymity calculation unit 122 generates a table in which the personal information stored in the buffer 17 is added to the personal information acquired from the personal information database 13. And the anonymity calculation part 122 calculates anonymity loss avoidance degree by the anonymity quantification part 122A using the produced | generated table. The greater the value of the anonymity loss avoidance degree, the higher the anonymity (anonymity loss avoidance degree), and the lower the value, the lower the anonymity (anonymity loss avoidance degree). The anonymity calculation unit 122 compares the calculated anonymity loss avoidance degree with the anonymity threshold value, and transmits a warning from the warning transmission unit 15 to the user terminal 2 when the anonymity loss avoidance degree is smaller than the anonymity threshold value. . On the other hand, if the anonymity loss avoidance degree is equal to or greater than the anonymity threshold, the personal information stored in the buffer 17 is registered in the personal information database 13 using the personal information registration unit 14.

The warning transmitting unit 15 notifies the user terminal 2 of a warning when the anonymity loss avoidance degree calculated by the anonymity calculating unit 122 is smaller than the anonymity threshold.
The public request reception unit 16 receives a response to the warning notified by the warning transmission unit 15 from the user terminal 2.
The personal information registration unit 14 registers the personal information in the personal information database 13 when receiving a request for disclosure of the received personal information as a response to the warning notified by the warning transmission unit 15. The personal information registration unit 14 registers the personal information stored in the buffer 17 in the personal information database 13 when the anonymity loss avoidance degree calculated by the anonymity calculation unit 122 is equal to or greater than the anonymity threshold.

The method of calculating the degree of avoidance of anonymity in the present invention is based on entropy (see: Reference A “Imada, Yamaguchi, Ota, Takasugi, Koyanagi,“ Privacy Protection Techniques in Ubiquitous Networking Environment L o o M ”) The Journal of the Institute of Electronics, Information and Communication Engineers, Vol. J88B, No.3, pp.5 63-35.73, 200.5.3 ").
Specifically, first, the anonymity quantifying unit 122A divides, in an attribute to be protected, a user who has the same attribute value as the user who wants to be anonymized, and an attribute value which is not so negative. The anonymity quantification unit 122A calculates the entropy H ₀ regarding positive and negative user to be anonymous with the following equation (1). However, P ₊ is the probability of being a positive case in all user sets. P ₋ is the probability of being a negative case in all user sets.

Next, anonymity quantification unit 122A calculates the entropy H _F when an attribute F is found using the following equation (2). However, P _i is the probability that F is v _i when the set of attribute values of F is {v ₁ , v ₂ , v ₃ , v ₄ ... V _n }. P _{i +} is a probability that F is positive in a set where v is _i , where {v ₁ , v ₂ , v ₃ , v ₄ ... V _n } is a set of attribute values of F. P _i− is a probability that F is negative in the set where v _i , where F is a set of attribute values {v ₁ , v ₂ , v ₃ , v ₄ ... V _n }.

  Then, the anonymity quantification unit 122A calculates the anonymity loss avoidance degree using the following equation (3).

Next, the operation of the privacy infringement monitoring apparatus 1 described above will be described with reference to FIGS. FIG. 3 is a flowchart showing a procedure of pre-processing.
In step S <b> 1, the privacy infringement monitoring apparatus 1 registers the personal information disclosed by the user in the personal information database 13 by the personal information registration unit 14.

FIG. 4 is a sequence diagram showing the operation of the protection target user registration process.
First, in step S11, the user terminal 2 transmits a protection request to the privacy infringement monitoring apparatus 1. The protection request includes user identification information.
Next, in step S <b> 12, in the privacy infringement monitoring apparatus 1, the protection reception unit 121 registers the received user identification information in the protection target user storage unit 123.
As a result, the personal information of the user of the user terminal 2 that has transmitted the protection request is subject to privacy infringement monitoring.

FIG. 5 is a flowchart showing a procedure of privacy violation monitoring processing.
First, in step S21, the data input unit 111 receives a confirmation request.
Next, in step S <b> 22, the anonymity calculation unit 122 determines whether or not the user who is the personal information confirmation request source is a protection target. Specifically, the anonymity calculation unit 122 determines that the user is a protection target when the identification information of the user included in the confirmation request is stored in the protection target user storage unit 123. If the user is a protection target, the process proceeds to step S23. On the other hand, if not, the process ends.

In step S23, the anonymity calculation unit 122 acquires the personal information of the domain and service module that the user has previously disclosed personal information from the personal information database 13 based on the user identification information, and stores it in the buffer 17. Store.
Next, in step S24, the anonymity calculation unit 122 temporarily registers the personal information included in the confirmation request received in step S21 in the personal information database. Specifically, the anonymity calculation unit 122 creates a table in which the received personal information is added to the personal information acquired from the personal information database 13 and stores the table in the buffer 17.
Next, in step S25, the anonymity calculation unit 122 calculates an anonymity loss avoidance degree by disclosing the received personal information using the created table.
Next, in step S26, the anonymity calculation unit 122 determines whether or not the calculated anonymity loss avoidance degree is equal to or greater than the anonymity threshold. If the anonymity loss avoidance degree is equal to or greater than the anonymity threshold, the process proceeds to step S28. On the other hand, when the anonymity loss avoidance degree is smaller than the anonymity threshold value, the process proceeds to step S27.

In step S <b> 27, the warning transmission unit 15 notifies the user terminal 2 that is a confirmation request source of a warning that anonymity is lowered due to the received personal information.
On the other hand, in step S <b> 28, the warning transmission unit 15 notifies the user terminal 2 of the confirmation request source that the received personal information can be disclosed. The personal information received by the personal information registration unit 14 is registered in the personal information database 13.

FIG. 6 is a sequence diagram showing the operation of the personal information disclosure process. The process shown in this figure is a process when the user requests the disclosure of personal information even if a warning is notified in step S27 described above.
First, in step S31, the user terminal 2 that is the confirmation request source is notified that the anonymity is lowered due to the personal information received by the warning transmission unit 15 of the privacy violation monitoring apparatus 1. This process corresponds to the process of step S27 described above.
Next, in step S32, when it is determined that the personal information requested for confirmation is disclosed based on the warning notified by the user, the user terminal 2 requests the disclosure of the personal information requested for confirmation by the user's operation. It transmits to the privacy infringement monitoring apparatus 1.
In step S33, the disclosure request receiving unit 16 of the privacy violation monitoring device 1 receives the disclosure request. Then, the personal information registration unit 14 registers personal information corresponding to the disclosure request in the personal information database 13.

  As described above, according to the first embodiment, the degree of avoidance of anonymity due to the disclosure of undisclosed personal information is calculated by combining the undisclosed personal information and the already disclosed personal information. As a result, it is possible to detect the risk of privacy infringement such that the user is specified by superimposing the disclosed personal information. Further, since the warning is issued to the user when the anonymity loss avoidance degree is smaller than the anonymity threshold, it is possible to inform the user that there is a risk of privacy infringement by disclosing undisclosed personal information. For this reason, the user can know the risk of privacy infringement by disclosing certain personal information.

[Second Embodiment]
Next, a privacy infringement monitoring apparatus according to a second embodiment of the present invention will be described.
FIG. 7 is a block diagram illustrating a functional configuration of the privacy infringement monitoring apparatus 20 according to the second embodiment. The privacy violation monitoring device 20 in the second embodiment is an SNS server that provides SNS. As shown in FIG. 7, the privacy violation monitoring device 20 includes an SNS function unit 200 that provides the SNS to the user terminal 2 in addition to the configuration shown in FIG. 2.

  In SNS, each user is uniquely identified by an agent ID. There are three types of information representing an individual, such as personal information such as gender, agent ID, and the user himself / herself. Privacy infringement means that personal information, an agent ID, and a user can be associated with each other. In the SNS, after releasing the agent ID, the personal information is sequentially released. Therefore, the privacy infringement in SNS means that the agent ID and the user can be uniquely associated with the disclosed personal information. Therefore, in the SNS, if the agent ID is not uniquely specified by the disclosed personal information, the agent ID and the user himself / herself are not uniquely associated, and privacy infringement can be prevented. In the second embodiment, the privacy infringement monitoring apparatus 20 checks whether information that can uniquely identify the agent ID is included in the disclosed personal information, and information that can be identified is included. Notify a warning. In the second embodiment, the agent ID is an attribute to be protected.

The protection receiving unit 221 according to the second embodiment receives an agent ID as user identification information. The protection target user storage unit 223 stores the agent ID of the user. The personal information database 23 manages personal information of each user for each community which is an SNS service module in pairs of (attribute, attribute value). In the second embodiment, privacy infringement due to superimposition of personal information published in one community is monitored. Therefore, the domain determination unit 214A of the combination output unit 214 always determines that it is a single domain. Further, the domain determination unit 214A of the combination output unit 214 always determines that it is a single service module.
Since other configurations are the same as those of the first embodiment, description thereof is omitted.

FIG. 8 is a schematic diagram illustrating a data structure and a data example of a personal information table stored in the personal information database 23 according to the second embodiment. The personal information database 23 stores this personal information table for each community.
As shown in the figure, the personal information table is a two-dimensional tabular data composed of rows and columns, and includes attributes (gender, vacation, hobby, travel destination in August), agent ID, and information carrier. Has a column of items. The information carrier is a user name. The attribute value “*” represents that the attribute information is not disclosed.
In the example shown in this figure, the data in the first line discloses that the agent ID “A” (information carrier “Chris”) has the attribute “M (male)” and the hobby “travel”. Represents. The data in the second row indicates that the agent ID “B” (information carrier “Kancy”) has the attribute “f (female)” and the hobby “travel”. The data in the third row includes a gender “F (female)” whose agent ID “D” (information carrier “Hanako”) is an attribute, “no (not on vacation)” during the holidays, and a hobby “Yoga”. Represents that it is open to the public. The data on the fourth line represents that the sex “F (female)” whose agent ID “001” (information carrier “Alice”) is an attribute and the hobby “travel” are disclosed.

Next, with reference to FIG. 9, the procedure of the privacy infringement monitoring process in 2nd Embodiment is demonstrated. FIG. 9 is a flowchart showing the procedure of privacy violation monitoring processing. Hereinafter, the information carrier “Alice” will be described using an example in which personal information is repeatedly disclosed to travel related communities. The personal information database 23 stores personal information released by the information carrier “Alice” so far. The agent ID “001” of the information carrier “Alice” is stored in the protection target user storage unit 223.
By operating the information carrier “Alice”, the user terminal 2 extracts personal information in the form of (attribute, attribute value) from the text scheduled to be newly disclosed to the travel-related community, and extracts the extracted personal information and the agent ID “001”. A confirmation request including the request is transmitted to the privacy infringement monitoring apparatus 20. The registration format of (attribute, attribute value) is notified from the privacy infringement monitoring apparatus 20 to the user terminal 2 in advance. For example, if the text of the new release schedule is “I will get a vacation in August and go to Paris”, the extracted personal information will be (vacation, yes) and (travel destination in August, Paris). is there. That is, the user terminal 2 transmits the attribute classified personal information to the privacy infringement monitoring apparatus 20.

First, in step S121, the data input unit 211 receives a confirmation request. In this example, the confirmation request includes the agent ID “001”, personal information (vacation, yes), and (August travel destination, Paris).
Next, in step S <b> 122, the anonymity calculation unit 222 determines whether or not the received agent ID is stored in the protection target user storage unit 223. If the agent ID is stored in the protection target user storage unit 223, the process proceeds to step S123. On the other hand, if the agent ID is not stored in the protection target user storage unit 223, the process ends.
In step S123, the anonymity calculation unit 222 acquires the personal information table of the travel-related community from the personal information database 23 and stores it in the buffer 27.

Next, in step S <b> 124, the anonymity calculator 222 temporarily registers the personal information included in the confirmation request acquired in step S <b> 121 in the personal information database 23. Specifically, the anonymity calculator 122 adds the received personal information to the personal information table acquired from the personal information database 23 and stores it in the buffer 17.
FIG. 10 is an example of a table in which personal information scheduled to be released is added to the personal information table of the personal information database 23.
In the example shown in this figure, data in the first row is added to the data example shown in FIG. The data in the first row represents personal information (vacation, yes) and (August travel destination, Paris) of the agent ID “001” (information carrier “Alice”).

Next, in step S125, the anonymity calculation unit 222 calculates an anonymity loss avoidance degree by disclosing the received personal information using the table created in step S124.
Next, in step S126, the anonymity calculation unit 222 determines whether the calculated anonymity loss avoidance degree is equal to or greater than the anonymity threshold. If the anonymity loss avoidance degree is equal to or greater than the anonymity threshold, the process proceeds to step S128. On the other hand, when the anonymity loss avoidance degree is smaller than the anonymity threshold, the process proceeds to step S127.

In step S127, the warning transmission unit 25 notifies the user terminal 2 that has issued the confirmation request that a warning is given that the anonymity is lowered due to the received personal information.
On the other hand, in step S128, the warning transmitter 25 notifies the user terminal 2 of the confirmation request source that the received personal information can be disclosed. Further, the personal information received by the personal information registration unit 24 is registered in the personal information database 23.

If it is determined that the information carrier “Alice” may disclose the personal information even when the warning is notified in step S127 described above, the user terminal 2 sends a request for disclosure of the personal information to the privacy infringement monitoring apparatus. 20 to send. In the privacy infringement monitoring apparatus 20, the publication request receiving unit 26 receives the publication request. Then, the personal information registration unit 24 registers personal information corresponding to the disclosure request in the personal information database 23. Then, the user terminal 2 transmits to the community the SNS function unit 200 of the privacy monitoring device 1 by sending the sentence scheduled to be released “I will get a vacation in August and go to Paris” to the SNS function unit 200.
On the other hand, when following the warning notified in the above-described step S127, the user terminal 2 changes the granularity (for example, from August to summer) by using, for example, a thesaurus by operating the information carrier “Alice”, and issues a confirmation request again. It transmits to the privacy infringement monitoring apparatus 20. The privacy infringement monitoring apparatus 20 calculates the anonymity loss avoidance degree again for the personal information whose granularity has been changed.

  As described above, according to the second embodiment, privacy infringement unintended by the user, such as an agent ID and an information carrier being uniquely identified by superimposing personal information published in the same community, can be avoided. Can do.

[Third embodiment]
Next, a privacy violation monitoring apparatus according to a third embodiment of the present invention will be described. In the third embodiment, the privacy infringement monitoring apparatus in the second embodiment monitors privacy infringement due to superimposition of personal information published in a plurality of communities.
FIG. 11 is a schematic diagram illustrating a configuration of an SNS community provided by the privacy infringement monitoring apparatus according to the third embodiment. In the example shown in this figure, the SNS includes a travel-related community, an α company community, a camera-related community, and a β university community. The agent ID “001” (information carrier “Alice”) belongs to two communities, a travel-related community and an α company community.

FIG. 12 is a block diagram illustrating a functional configuration of the privacy infringement monitoring apparatus 30 according to the third embodiment. As shown in FIG. 12, the privacy infringement monitoring apparatus 30 newly includes a merge unit 322C in addition to the configuration shown in FIG.
The protection receiving unit 321 according to the third embodiment receives the identification information of the community to which the user belongs together with the agent ID. Further, the protection target user storage unit 323 stores identification information of a community to which the user belongs in association with the agent ID. The domain determination unit 314A of the combination output unit 314 always determines that it is a single domain. Further, the module determination unit 314B of the combination output unit 314 always determines a plurality of service modules. The merge unit 322C merges the personal information tables of a plurality of different communities and newly generates a table.
Since other configurations are the same as those of the second embodiment, description thereof is omitted.

  Next, with reference to FIG. 13, the procedure of the privacy infringement monitoring process in 3rd Embodiment is demonstrated. FIG. 13 is a flowchart showing the procedure of privacy violation monitoring processing. Hereinafter, a case where the information carrier “Alice” will publish a sentence “Take a vacation in August and go to Paris” to the travel community will be described as an example. In the protection target user storage unit 323, the community “travel community” and the “α company community” are registered in advance corresponding to the agent ID “001”.

First, in step S221, the data input unit 311 receives a confirmation request. In this example, the confirmation request includes the agent ID “001”, personal information (vacation, yes), and (August travel destination, Paris).
Next, in step S <b> 222, the anonymity calculation unit 322 determines whether or not the received agent ID is stored in the protection target user storage unit 323. If it is stored in the agent ID protection target user storage unit 323, the process proceeds to step S223. On the other hand, if it is not stored in the protection target user storage unit 323, the process is terminated.

In step S223, the anonymity calculation unit 322 refers to the protection target user storage unit 323 and determines a community (travel-related community and α company community) to which the agent ID “001” belongs. Then, the anonymity calculation unit 322 acquires the personal information table of the identified community (travel-related community and α company community) from the personal information database 33 and stores it in the buffer 37.
Next, in step S224, the anonymity calculation unit 322 merges the personal information tables of a plurality of communities acquired in step S233.

Next, in step S225, the anonymity calculation unit 322 adds the personal information included in the confirmation request acquired in step S221 to the merged personal information table and stores the personal information in the buffer 37.
FIG. 14 is an example of a table in which personal information scheduled to be released is added to a table obtained by merging personal information tables.
In this figure, data indicated by symbol A is personal information of the travel-related community, and data indicated by symbol B is personal information of the α company community. The data on the first line is personal information that is newly scheduled to be released.

Next, in step S226, the anonymity calculation unit 322 calculates the anonymity loss avoidance degree by disclosing the received personal information using the table created in step S225.
Next, in step S227, the anonymity calculation unit 322 determines whether the calculated anonymity loss avoidance degree is equal to or greater than the anonymity threshold. If the anonymity loss avoidance degree is equal to or greater than the anonymity threshold, the process proceeds to step S229. On the other hand, when the anonymity loss avoidance degree is smaller than the anonymity threshold value, the process proceeds to step S228.

In step S228, the warning transmission unit 35 notifies the user terminal 2 that has issued the confirmation request that a warning is given that the anonymity is lowered due to the received personal information.
On the other hand, in step S229, the warning transmitter 35 notifies the confirmation request source user terminal 2 that the received personal information can be disclosed. The personal information received by the personal information registration unit 34 is registered in the personal information database 33.
Since other processes are the same as those in the second embodiment, description thereof is omitted.

  Thus, according to the third embodiment, privacy infringement unintended by the user can be avoided even when different personal information is disclosed for each community.

[Fourth Embodiment]
Next, a privacy violation monitoring apparatus according to a fourth embodiment of the present invention will be described. In the fourth embodiment, the privacy infringement monitoring apparatus monitors privacy infringement due to superposition of personal information published in a plurality of domains.
FIG. 15 is a schematic diagram illustrating a configuration of a privacy violation monitoring system according to the fourth embodiment.
The privacy infringement monitoring system includes a privacy infringement monitoring device 40 that monitors privacy infringement regarding superposition of personal information, an SNS server 5 that provides SNS, a user terminal 6 that is used by a user who uses SNS, and a user terminal 6, the SNS server 5, and the privacy infringement monitoring device 40 are connected via the Internet and can transmit and receive data to and from each other. The privacy infringement monitoring apparatus 40 in the fourth embodiment is an OpenID server that issues and authenticates an agent ID (OpenID (common ID)) that can be used in common among a plurality of different SNSs. In addition, communication between each SNS server 5 and the privacy infringement monitoring apparatus 40 ensures safety at the time of data transmission / reception by encrypting data.

FIG. 16 is a diagram for explaining the processing of the privacy infringement monitoring apparatus 40 in the fourth embodiment.
In the example shown in this figure, the information carrier “Alice” can access a plurality of SNSs (in the example shown in the figure, the private SNS and the regional activity SNS) using the OpenID “OpenAliceID”. Note that the agent ID disclosed in each SNS is different. For example, the agent ID of the information carrier “Alice” is “001” in the private SNS, whereas it is “004” in the regional activity SNS.
Hereinafter, the case where the information carrier “Bob” is also using two communities used by the information carrier “Alice” will be described as an example. However, the information carrier “Alice” and the information carrier “Bob” do not know that they use the same community. In the fourth embodiment, the privacy infringement monitoring apparatus 40 prevents the private SNS agent ID “001” and the local activity SNS agent ID “004” from being identified as the information carrier “Alice”. Process. In the fourth embodiment, OpenID is an attribute to be protected.

  FIG. 17 is a block diagram illustrating a functional configuration of the privacy infringement monitoring apparatus 40 according to the fourth embodiment. As shown in FIG. 17, in addition to the configuration shown in FIG. 2, the privacy infringement monitoring apparatus 40 has an OpenID function unit 400 that issues and authenticates an OpenID, and a personal information reception unit 48 that receives a personal information table from the SNS server 5. And. Further, the personal information database 13 is excluded from the configuration shown in FIG.

  The protection reception unit 421 according to the fourth embodiment receives, as user identification information, SNS domain and community identification information used by the user together with OpenID. Further, the protection target user storage unit 423 stores the SNS and community to which the user belongs in association with the OpenID. The domain determination unit 414A of the combination output unit 414 always determines that the domains are different.

  FIG. 18 is a block diagram illustrating a functional configuration of the SNS server 5 according to the fourth embodiment. The SNS server 5 includes a personal information transmission unit 51 that transmits a personal information table to the privacy violation monitoring device 40, a personal information database 52 that stores the personal information table, and an SNS function unit 53 that provides SNS. Is done.

  Next, with reference to FIG. 19, the procedure of the privacy infringement monitoring process in 4th Embodiment is demonstrated. FIG. 19 is a flowchart showing the procedure of privacy violation monitoring processing. Hereinafter, a case where the information carrier “Alice” will publish a sentence “I will take a vacation in August and go to Paris” to the travel-related community of the private SNS will be described as an example. In addition, in the protection target user storage unit 423, the SNS domains “private SNS” and “regional activity SNS” are registered in advance corresponding to the OpenID “OpenAliceID”.

First, in step S321, the data input unit 411 receives a confirmation request. In this example, the confirmation request includes OpenID “OpenAliceID”, personal information (during vacation, yes), and (August travel destination, Paris).
Next, in step S322, the anonymity calculation unit 422 determines whether or not the received OpenID is stored in the protection target user storage unit 423. If the OpenID is stored in the protection target user storage unit 423, the process proceeds to step S323. On the other hand, if the OpenID is not stored in the protection target user storage unit 423, the process ends.

In step S 323, the anonymity calculation unit 422 refers to the protection target user storage unit 423 to determine a domain (“private SNS” and “region activity SNS”) and a community to which the OpenID “OpenAliceID” belongs. Then, the personal information receiving unit 48 requests the personal information table of the determined community from the SNS server 5 of the determined domain. The personal information transmission unit 51 of the SNS server 5 that has received the request acquires the personal information table of the requested community from the personal information database 52 and transmits it to the privacy infringement monitoring apparatus 40. The personal information receiving unit 48 stores the received personal information table in the buffer 47.
Next, in step S324, the anonymity calculation unit 422 merges the personal information tables of a plurality of domains acquired in step S233.

Next, in step S325, the anonymity calculation unit 422 adds the personal information included in the confirmation request acquired in step S321 to the merged personal information table and stores the personal information in the buffer 47.
FIG. 20 is an example of a table in which personal information scheduled to be released is added to a table obtained by merging personal information tables.
In this figure, the data indicated by symbol C is personal information of the private SNS, and the data indicated by symbol D is personal information of the regional activity SNS. The data on the first line is personal information that is newly scheduled to be released.

Next, in step S326, the anonymity calculation unit 422 calculates the anonymity loss avoidance degree by disclosing the personal information received using the table created in step S325.
Next, in step S327, the anonymity calculation unit 422 determines whether the calculated anonymity loss avoidance degree is equal to or greater than the anonymity threshold. When the anonymity loss avoidance degree is equal to or greater than the anonymity threshold, the process proceeds to step S329. On the other hand, when the anonymity loss avoidance degree is smaller than the anonymity threshold, the process proceeds to step S328.

In step S328, the warning transmission unit 45 notifies the user terminal 6 that is the confirmation request source of a warning that anonymity is lowered due to the received personal information.
On the other hand, in step S329, the warning transmitter 45 notifies the confirmation request source user terminal 6 that the received personal information can be disclosed. The personal information registration unit 44 transmits the received personal information to the SNS server 5 that discloses the personal information, and registers the personal information in the personal information database 52 of the SNS server 5.
Since other processes are the same as those in the second and third embodiments, description thereof will be omitted.

  Thus, according to the fourth embodiment, even if there is an information carrier “Bob” that uses the same SNS community as the information carrier “Alice”, the information carrier “Bob” is an agent ID of the private SNS. It becomes difficult to specify that “001” and the agent ID “004” of the regional activity SNS are the information carrier “Alice”.

Also, a program for realizing the steps shown in FIGS. 3 to 6, 9, 13, and 19 is recorded on a computer-readable recording medium, and the program recorded on the recording medium is read into a computer system and executed. By doing so, pre-processing, protection target user registration processing, privacy infringement monitoring processing, and personal information disclosure processing may be performed. Here, the “computer system” may include an OS and hardware such as peripheral devices.
Further, the “computer system” includes a homepage providing environment (or display environment) if a WWW system is used.
The “computer-readable recording medium” means a flexible disk, a magneto-optical disk, a ROM, a writable nonvolatile memory such as a flash memory, a portable medium such as a CD-ROM, a hard disk built in a computer system, etc. This is a storage device.

Further, the “computer-readable recording medium” means a volatile memory (for example, DRAM (Dynamic DRAM) in a computer system that becomes a server or a client when a program is transmitted through a network such as the Internet or a communication line such as a telephone line. Random Access Memory)), etc., which hold programs for a certain period of time.
The program may be transmitted from a computer system storing the program in a storage device or the like to another computer system via a transmission medium or by a transmission wave in the transmission medium. Here, the “transmission medium” for transmitting the program refers to a medium having a function of transmitting information, such as a network (communication network) such as the Internet or a communication line (communication line) such as a telephone line.
The program may be for realizing a part of the functions described above. Furthermore, what can implement | achieve the function mentioned above in combination with the program already recorded on the computer system, and what is called a difference file (difference program) may be sufficient.

  As described above, the embodiment of the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the drawings. However, the specific configuration is not limited to the above, and various design changes and the like can be made without departing from the scope of the present invention. It is possible to

It is the schematic which shows the structure of the privacy infringement monitoring system by 1st Embodiment. It is a block diagram which shows the function structure of the privacy violation monitoring apparatus in 1st Embodiment. It is a flowchart which shows the procedure of the preprocessing in 1st Embodiment. It is a sequence diagram which shows operation | movement of the protection target user registration process in 1st Embodiment. It is a flowchart which shows the procedure of the privacy infringement monitoring process in 1st Embodiment. It is a sequence diagram which shows operation | movement of the personal information disclosure process in 1st Embodiment. It is a block diagram which shows the function structure of the privacy infringement monitoring apparatus in 2nd Embodiment. It is the schematic which shows the data structure and data example of a personal information table which the personal information database in 2nd Embodiment memorize | stores. It is a flowchart which shows the procedure of the privacy infringement monitoring process in 2nd Embodiment. It is an example of the table which added the personal information scheduled to be disclosed to the personal information table of the personal information database. It is the schematic which shows the structure of the community of SNS which the privacy violation monitoring apparatus in 3rd Embodiment provides. It is a block diagram which shows the function structure of the privacy violation monitoring apparatus in 3rd Embodiment. It is a flowchart which shows the procedure of the privacy violation monitoring process in 3rd Embodiment. It is an example of a table in which personal information scheduled to be newly released is added to a table obtained by merging personal information tables. It is the schematic which shows the structure of the privacy violation monitoring system in 4th Embodiment. It is a figure for demonstrating the process of the privacy violation monitoring apparatus in 4th Embodiment. It is a block diagram which shows the function structure of the privacy violation monitoring apparatus in 4th Embodiment. It is a block diagram which shows the function structure of the SNS server in 4th Embodiment. It is a flowchart which shows the procedure of the privacy violation monitoring process in 4th Embodiment. It is an example of a table in which personal information scheduled to be newly released is added to a table obtained by merging personal information tables. It is the schematic which shows the structure of an SNS system. It is a conceptual diagram of the community which SNS provides.

Explanation of symbols

  DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1,20,30,40 ... Privacy infringement monitoring apparatus 11,21,31,41 ... Service dependence part 12,22,32,42 ... Service independent part 13,23,33,43 ... Personal information database 14,24, 34, 44 ... Personal information registration unit 15, 25, 35, 45 ... Warning transmission unit 16, 26, 36, 46 ... Public request reception unit 17, 27, 37, 47 ... Buffer 1A, 5 ... SNS server 111, 211, 311, 411 ... Data input unit 112, 212, 312, 412 ... Input data detection unit 113, 213, 313, 413 ... Privacy related attribute extraction unit 114, 214, 314, 414 ... Combination output unit 114 A, 214 A, 314 A, 414 A ... domain discrimination unit 114B, 214B, 314B, 414B ... module discrimination unit 121, 2 DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1,321,421 ... Protection reception part 122,222,322,422 ... Anonymity calculation part 122A, 222A, 322A, 422A ... Anonymity quantification part 122B, 222B, 322B, 422B ... Threshold management part 123,223,323 , 423 ... Protection target user storage unit 2, 2A, 6 ... User terminal 200 ... SNS function unit

Claims (7)

A data input unit for receiving personal information newly disclosed by the user from the user terminal;
Anonymity loss avoidance degree of the user based on the personal information read from the personal information database storing the personal information published on the network service for each user and the personal information received by the data input unit Anonymity calculation unit for calculating
When the anonymity loss avoidance degree calculated by the anonymity calculator is lower than a predetermined threshold, a warning transmitter that notifies the user terminal of a warning;
A personal information registration unit for registering the personal information in the personal information database when receiving a request for disclosure of the personal information received by the data input unit as a response to the warning notified by the warning transmission unit When,
A privacy infringement monitoring apparatus comprising:   The anonymity calculation unit includes personal information read from the personal information database, and includes a merge unit that integrates personal information for each of a plurality of service modules to which the user belongs, and the personal information integrated by the merge unit The privacy infringement monitoring apparatus according to claim 1, wherein a degree of avoidance of anonymity loss of the user is calculated based on the personal information received by the data input unit. The data input unit receives the personal information newly disclosed by the user together with an ID common among a plurality of network services from a user terminal,
A personal information receiving unit that receives personal information of a service module to which the user belongs, from each of a plurality of servers including the personal information database, using the common ID input by the data input unit;
The merging unit integrates a plurality of the personal information acquired by the personal information receiving unit,
When the personal information registration unit receives the personal information disclosure request received by the data input unit as a response to the warning notified by the warning transmission unit, the personal information registration unit transmits the personal information to the server. The privacy infringement monitoring apparatus according to claim 2, wherein: A step in which the data input unit receives personal information newly disclosed by the user from the user terminal;
The anonymity calculation unit is based on the personal information read from the personal information database storing personal information published on the network service for each user and the personal information received by the data input unit. Calculating the degree of avoidance of anonymity loss for
A step of notifying the user terminal of a warning when the warning transmitting unit has a degree of avoidance of loss of anonymity calculated by the anonymity calculating unit lower than a predetermined threshold;
When the personal information registration unit receives the personal information disclosure request received by the data input unit as a response to the warning notified by the warning transmission unit, the personal information registration unit stores the personal information in the personal information database. Registering, and
A privacy infringement monitoring method characterized by comprising:   The anonymity calculation unit includes personal information read from the personal information database, and includes a merge unit that integrates personal information for each of a plurality of service modules to which the user belongs, and the personal information integrated by the merge unit The privacy infringement monitoring method according to claim 4, further comprising: calculating a degree of avoidance of anonymity loss of the user based on the personal information received by the data input unit. The data input unit receives the personal information newly disclosed by the user together with an ID common among a plurality of network services from a user terminal,
Receiving the personal information of the service module to which the user belongs, from each of a plurality of servers including the personal information database, using the common ID input by the data input unit;
The merging unit integrates a plurality of the personal information acquired by the personal information receiving unit,
When the personal information registration unit receives the personal information disclosure request received by the data input unit as a response to the warning notified by the warning transmission unit, the personal information registration unit transmits the personal information to the server. The privacy infringement monitoring method according to claim 5, wherein: On the computer,
Receiving personal information newly disclosed by the user from the user terminal;
Calculating an anonymity loss avoidance degree of the user based on the personal information read from the personal information database storing for each user personal information published on a network service and the received personal information;
A step of notifying the user terminal of a warning when the calculated degree of avoidance of anonymity is lower than a predetermined threshold;
If the received request for disclosure of the personal information is received as a response to the warning, the step of registering the personal information in the personal information database;
A program for running

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