JP2010088759A - Method for processing wastewater including dialyzate wastewater generated by dialysis treatment - Google Patents

Method for processing wastewater including dialyzate wastewater generated by dialysis treatment Download PDF

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JP2010088759A
JP2010088759A JP2008263671A JP2008263671A JP2010088759A JP 2010088759 A JP2010088759 A JP 2010088759A JP 2008263671 A JP2008263671 A JP 2008263671A JP 2008263671 A JP2008263671 A JP 2008263671A JP 2010088759 A JP2010088759 A JP 2010088759A
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Toyozo Hamada
豊三 浜田
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Daicel Corp
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    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a method for processing wastewater including dialyzate wastewater, in which processing can be conducted in a more compact facility. <P>SOLUTION: The method is for processing wastewater including dialyzate wastewater generated by dialysis treatment. There are four kinds of the wastewater, comprising dialyzate wastewater generated by treatment to patients through a dialyzer, wastewater by washing the dialyzer with water, wastewater by washing the dialyzer with hypochlorite solution, and wastewater by washing the dialyzer with acetic acid solution. These kinds of wastewater are discharged at different times. For wastewater of dialysis generated by treatment of the patients through the dialyzer, a film separation process and/or an activated sludge process 3 are conducted. For wastewater by washing the dialyzer with water, a neutralizing process 2 is conducted when necessary. For wastewater by cleaning the dialyzer with acetic acid solution, a neutralization process, a film separation process and/or an activated sludge process are conducted. For wastewater by washing the dialyzer with hypochlorite solution, a neutralizing process is conducted. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2010,JPO&INPIT

Description

本発明は、医療機関における透析治療により生じた透析液排水を含む排水の処理方法に関する。   The present invention relates to a method for treating waste water including dialysate waste water generated by dialysis treatment in a medical institution.

医療機関での透析治療で発生する透析液を含む排水は、下記表１に示すように、前記透析液のほかに、透析装置を水洗浄したときの排水、次亜塩素酸塩水溶液で洗浄したときの排水、酢酸水溶液で洗浄したときの排水が含まれている。このため、透析液を含む排水はＢＯＤが1,000mg/L以上と高く、そのまま下水や河川に流すことはできず、中和処理や浄
化槽等の排水処理設備で処理する必要がある。 As shown in Table 1 below, wastewater containing dialysate generated by dialysis treatment in medical institutions was washed with wastewater when the dialyzer was washed with water, hypochlorite aqueous solution, in addition to the dialysate. Waste water when washed with acetic acid aqueous solution. For this reason, wastewater containing dialysate has a high BOD of 1,000 mg / L or more and cannot be directly discharged into sewage or rivers, and must be treated with a wastewater treatment facility such as a neutralization treatment or a septic tank.

また、異なる水質の排水が順次排出されるため、水質を平準化させるために貯留槽容積を大きくしたり、全排水をＢＯＤ処理するために曝気槽を大きくしたりしなければならない問題がある。   In addition, since wastewater of different water quality is discharged sequentially, there is a problem that the storage tank volume must be increased in order to equalize the water quality, or the aeration tank must be enlarged in order to perform BOD treatment on all wastewater.

Figure 2010088759
Figure 2010088759

患者一人当たりの透析液を含む排水量は１ｍ3／日にもなるため、１つの医療機関当たりの処理量は大きく、全ての排水を処理するためには、処理レベルを落として処理するか、又は大かがりな排水処理設備を導入するしかなった。
特開平４−３４１３９４号公報 特開平７−２９９４９０号公報 特許第３０８３９９１号公報 Since the amount of effluent containing dialysate per patient can be as much as 1 m 3 / day, the treatment amount per medical institution is large, and in order to treat all effluents, the treatment level is lowered or treated. There was no choice but to introduce a large wastewater treatment facility.
JP-A-4-341394 JP 7-299490 A Japanese Patent No. 3083991

本発明は、よりコンパクトな設備により、ＢＯＤ除去率を高めることができる、透析治療により生じた透析液排水を含む排水の処理方法を提供することを課題とする。   This invention makes it a subject to provide the processing method of the waste_water | drain containing the dialysate waste_water | drain produced by the dialysis treatment which can raise a BOD removal rate with a more compact installation.

本発明は、課題の解決手段として、
透析治療により生じた透析液排水を含む排水の処理方法であって、
前記排水が、患者を透析装置にて治療して生じる透析液排水、前記透析装置を水で洗浄した排水、前記透析装置を次亜塩素酸塩水溶液で洗浄した排水、前記透析装置を酢酸水溶液で洗浄したときの排水の４種類であり、
時間を異ならせて各排水を流し、
患者を透析装置にて治療して生じる透析液排水は、膜分離処理及び／又は活性汚泥処理を行い、
前記透析装置を水で洗浄した排水は、必要に応じて中和処理を行い、
前記透析装置を酢酸水溶液で洗浄したときの排水は、中和処理と膜分離処理及び／又は活性汚泥処理を行い、
前記透析装置を次亜塩素酸塩水溶液で洗浄した排水は、中和処理を行う、排水の処理方法を提供する。 As a means for solving the problems, the present invention
A method for treating wastewater including dialysate wastewater generated by dialysis treatment,
The drainage is a dialysate drainage produced by treating a patient with a dialysis machine, a drainage obtained by washing the dialysis machine with water, a drainage obtained by washing the dialyzer with a hypochlorite aqueous solution, and the dialysis machine with an aqueous acetic acid solution. There are four types of wastewater when washed,
Drain each drainage at different times,
Dialysis fluid drainage generated by treating a patient with a dialysis machine is subjected to membrane separation treatment and / or activated sludge treatment,
The waste water from which the dialysis machine has been washed with water is neutralized as necessary,
The waste water when the dialysis machine is washed with an acetic acid aqueous solution is subjected to neutralization treatment and membrane separation treatment and / or activated sludge treatment,
The waste water which wash | cleaned the said dialysis apparatus with hypochlorite aqueous solution provides the processing method of waste water which performs the neutralization process.

本発明の排水処理方法を適用すれば、従来よりも小型化された設備により、高い処理能力を発揮できるほか、運転コストの低減化も期待できる。   If the wastewater treatment method of the present invention is applied, it is possible to exhibit high treatment capacity with a facility that is smaller than the conventional one, and it is also possible to expect a reduction in operating cost.

図１により、本発明の透析治療により生じた透析液排水を含む排水の処理方法を説明する。図１は、前記処理方法の処理フローを示した図である。   With reference to FIG. 1, a method for treating wastewater containing dialysate wastewater generated by the dialysis treatment of the present invention will be described. FIG. 1 is a diagram showing a processing flow of the processing method.

透析治療により生じた透析液排水を含む排水（以下、単に「排水」と称する）の組成（含有成分の種類と割合）は、医療機関により若干異なり、同じ医療機関であっても、曜日や時間帯等によって若干異なるものであるが、通常は、表１に示すとおり、
（１）患者を透析装置にて治療して生じる透析液排水、
（２）前記透析装置を水で洗浄した排水、
（３）前記透析装置を次亜塩素酸塩水溶液で洗浄した排水、
（４）前記透析装置を酢酸水溶液で洗浄したときの排水、
の４種類の排水を含んでいる。 The composition (type and ratio of contained components) of wastewater containing dialysate wastewater generated by dialysis treatment (hereinafter simply referred to as “drainage”) varies slightly depending on the medical institution. Although it varies slightly depending on the belt, etc., as shown in Table 1,
(1) Dialysate drainage generated by treating a patient with a dialysis machine,
(2) Drainage obtained by washing the dialyzer with water,
(3) Drainage obtained by washing the dialyzer with a hypochlorite aqueous solution,
(4) Drainage when the dialyzer is washed with an acetic acid aqueous solution,
The four types of wastewater are included.

本発明では、４種類の排水ごとに時間を異ならせて流して、各排水に応じた適切な処理をする。なお、必要に応じて、ライン１１ａに水質モニター部１を付設して、表１に示す各項目を測定できるようにしてもよい。   In the present invention, the four types of waste water are flowed at different times, and appropriate treatment is performed according to each waste water. If necessary, the water quality monitor unit 1 may be attached to the line 11a so that each item shown in Table 1 can be measured.

＜（１）患者を透析装置にて治療して生じる透析液排水の処理＞
患者を透析装置にて治療して生じる透析液排水は、開閉バルブ２１、２３を閉じ、開閉バルブ２２、２４を開けた状態で、排水供給ライン１１ａ、１１ｂから、ライン１２を経て、膜分離処理部及び／又は活性汚泥処理部３に送って、膜分離処理及び／又は活性汚泥処理を行う。 <(1) Treatment of dialysate drainage generated by treating a patient with a dialysis machine>
The dialysate drainage generated by treating the patient with a dialysis machine is subjected to membrane separation treatment from the drainage supply lines 11a and 11b through the line 12 with the on-off valves 21 and 23 closed and the on-off valves 22 and 24 opened. And / or activated sludge treatment unit 3 to perform membrane separation treatment and / or activated sludge treatment.

膜分離処理部及び／又は活性汚泥処理部３にて処理した処理水は、ライン１３ａから下水道乃至は河川（法律上の放流基準を満たしている場合）に放流する。   The treated water treated by the membrane separation processing unit and / or the activated sludge processing unit 3 is discharged from the line 13a to the sewer or river (when the legal discharge standard is satisfied).

＜（２）前記透析装置を水で洗浄した排水の処理＞
透析装置を水で洗浄した排水は、開閉バルブ２２、２４を閉じ、開閉バルブ２１、２３を開けた状態にて、中和処理部２で中和処理を行った後、ライン１２、１３ｂ、１３ａを経て、下水道乃至は河川（法律上の放流基準を満たしている場合）に放流する。なお、排水のｐＨが中性付近である場合には、中和処理をすることなく、そのまま下水に放流することもできる。 <(2) Treatment of waste water by washing the dialysis machine with water>
The waste water from which the dialysis machine has been washed with water is subjected to neutralization treatment in the neutralization treatment section 2 with the on-off valves 22 and 24 closed and the on-off valves 21 and 23 opened, and then the lines 12, 13b and 13a. After that, it is discharged into sewers or rivers (if it meets legal release standards). In addition, when the pH of waste water is near neutrality, it can be discharged into sewage as it is without neutralization.

＜（３）前記透析装置を酢酸水溶液で洗浄した排水の処理＞
透析装置を酢酸水溶液で洗浄したときの排水は、開閉バルブ２２、２３を閉じ、開閉バルブ２１，２４を開けた状態で、中和処理部２にて中和処理を行う。その後、ライン１２から膜分離処理部及び／又は活性汚泥処理部３に送って、膜分離処理及び／又は活性汚泥処理を行い、ライン１３ａから下水道乃至は河川（法律上の放流基準を満たしている場合）に放流する。 <(3) Treatment of waste water by washing the dialyzer with an acetic acid aqueous solution>
Drainage when the dialyzer is washed with an acetic acid aqueous solution is neutralized by the neutralization processing unit 2 with the on-off valves 22 and 23 closed and the on-off valves 21 and 24 opened. Thereafter, the membrane 12 is sent from the line 12 to the membrane separation processing unit and / or the activated sludge processing unit 3 to perform the membrane separation processing and / or the activated sludge treatment. From the line 13a, the sewer or the river (the legal release standard is satisfied). Case).

＜（４）前記透析装置を次亜塩素酸塩水溶液で洗浄したときの排水の処理＞
透析装置を次亜塩素酸塩水溶液で洗浄した排水は、開閉バルブ２２、２４を閉じ、開閉バルブ２１、２３を開けた状態にて、中和処理部２で中和処理を行った後、ライン１２、１３ｂ、１３ａを経て、下水道乃至は河川（法律上の放流基準を満たしている場合）に放流する。 <(4) Treatment of waste water when the dialyzer is washed with a hypochlorite aqueous solution>
The waste water after washing the dialyzer with hypochlorite aqueous solution is subjected to neutralization treatment in the neutralization processing section 2 with the on-off valves 22 and 24 closed and the on-off valves 21 and 23 opened. After 12, 12b, 13a, it is discharged into sewers or rivers (when it meets legal release standards).

活性汚泥処理部３は、活性汚泥槽と散気装置を備えたもの、膜分離部３は、中空糸膜、管状膜、平膜等の公知の各種分離膜を用いた処理装置を用いることができ、活性汚泥処理と膜分離処理を１つの槽内でできるようにしたものでもよい。活性汚泥処理部及び／又は膜分離処理部３としては、例えば、特開平１１−１５６３６０号公報、特開平８−２９９９７９号公報、特開平９−２９４９９６号公報、特開２００６−１６７５５０号公報に記載のものを用いることができる。   The activated sludge treatment unit 3 includes an activated sludge tank and an air diffuser, and the membrane separation unit 3 uses a treatment device using various known separation membranes such as a hollow fiber membrane, a tubular membrane, and a flat membrane. The activated sludge treatment and the membrane separation treatment may be performed in one tank. Examples of the activated sludge treatment unit and / or the membrane separation treatment unit 3 are described in, for example, JP-A-11-156360, JP-A-8-299979, JP-A-9-294996, and JP-A-2006-167550. Can be used.

膜分離処理部３と活性汚泥処理部３は、いずれか一方のみでもよいし、両方の併用してもよいし、１つの槽にて、膜分離処理と活性汚泥処理の両方ができるようにしたものでもよい。   Either one of the membrane separation processing unit 3 and the activated sludge processing unit 3 may be used, or both of them may be used together, and both the membrane separation processing and the activated sludge treatment can be performed in one tank. It may be a thing.

また、排水ごとに異なる排水タンクに貯水しておき、各排水タンクから時間差をおいて排水を流して処理することもできる。この場合には、排水タンクごとに水質モニター部を付設して、各排水の異常を検知できるようにしてもよい。   It is also possible to store water in different drainage tanks for each drainage, and treat the drainage by flowing the drainage from each drainage tank with a time difference. In this case, a water quality monitor unit may be provided for each drainage tank so that abnormality of each drainage can be detected.

本発明の排水の処理方法は、４種類の排水を、時間差をおいて別々に流して処理する。このため、表１に示すような各排水の汚れ状態に応じた適切な処理のみをすればよいため、処理工程を簡略化することができるほか、一定量の排水処理に要する総エネルギー量も減少させることができる。また、次亜塩素酸塩水溶液を含む排水を膜分離する必要がなくなるため、膜分離部に対する負荷が軽減され、高価な膜の運転寿命をより長くすることができる。   The wastewater treatment method of the present invention treats four types of wastewater by flowing them separately with a time difference. For this reason, since it is only necessary to perform appropriate treatment according to the state of contamination of each waste water as shown in Table 1, the treatment process can be simplified, and the total amount of energy required for a certain amount of waste water treatment is also reduced. Can be made. Moreover, since it is not necessary to membrane-separate the waste water containing hypochlorite aqueous solution, the load with respect to a membrane separation part is reduced and the operating life of an expensive membrane can be prolonged.

実施例１
図１に示す処理フローにより、表１に示す排水を処理した。各処理部の詳細は、次のとおりである。なお、処理対象となった排水の全量は３０ｍ3であった。 Example 1
The waste water shown in Table 1 was processed by the processing flow shown in FIG. Details of each processing unit are as follows. The total amount of wastewater to be treated was 30 m 3 .

〔水質監視部１〕
処理装置の前後にインライン型の下記３種類の水質測定器を設置して、水質に異常がないかどうか（過度にｐＨが高くなったり、過度に塩素濃度が高くなったりというような異常がないかどうか）をモニタリングした。
ｐＨ測定：ｐＨセンサーIS-I型（イワキ製）を用いて測定した。
電気伝導度の測定：電導度センサーCS150TC-Y型（イワキ製）を用いて測定した。
塩素濃度の測定：残留遊離塩素計FCL-80型（トーケミ製）を用いて測定した。 [Water quality monitoring unit 1]
Install the following three types of water quality measuring instruments before and after the treatment equipment to check whether there is any abnormality in the water quality (no abnormalities such as excessively high pH or excessively high chlorine concentration) Monitoring).
pH measurement: Measured using a pH sensor IS-I type (manufactured by Iwaki).
Measurement of electrical conductivity: It was measured using a conductivity sensor CS150TC-Y type (manufactured by Iwaki).
Measurement of chlorine concentration: Measured using a residual free chlorine meter FCL-80 type (manufactured by Tokemi).

〔中和処理部２〕
排水貯留部（容積６ｍ3）を３つに仕切り、第２槽にｐＨセンサーIS-I型（イワキ製）と酸／アルカリ投入部を設置した。 [Neutralization section 2]
The waste water storage part (volume 6 m 3 ) was divided into three, and the pH sensor IS-I type (manufactured by Iwaki) and the acid / alkali charging part were installed in the second tank.

〔膜分離処理部及び活性汚泥処理部３〕
膜分離処理部及び活性汚泥処理部として、容積１２ｍ3の槽を用意した。この槽には、液入口と液出口が設けられ、内部には活性汚泥液が満たされている。槽の下流の底部には散気装置が設置され、更に槽の下流には浸漬型の膜分離装置（膜面積１４０ｍ3）が設置されている。液入口から流入した液を活性汚泥処理した後、膜分離装置を用いて吸引濾過して（フラックス０．３ｍ／日の一定流量）、処理液を得た。なお、処理中は、散気装置で曝気した。 [Membrane separation processing section and activated sludge processing section 3]
A tank having a volume of 12 m 3 was prepared as a membrane separation processing unit and an activated sludge processing unit. The tank is provided with a liquid inlet and a liquid outlet, and the inside is filled with activated sludge liquid. A diffuser is installed at the bottom downstream of the tank, and an immersion type membrane separator (membrane area 140 m 3 ) is installed downstream of the tank. The liquid flowing in from the liquid inlet was treated with activated sludge and then suction filtered using a membrane separator (flux 0.3 m / day, constant flow rate) to obtain a treated liquid. In addition, it aerated with the diffuser during the process.

（１）患者を透析装置にて治療して生じる透析液排水の処理
患者を透析装置にて治療して生じた透析液排水を以下の手順で処理した。開閉バルブ２１、２３を閉じ、開閉バルブ２２、２４を開けた状態で、排水を膜分離処理部及び活性汚泥処理部３に送って、膜分離と活性汚泥処理を行い、下水道に流した。処理水のＢＯＤは２ｍｇ／Ｌ、電気伝導度は１２０ｍＳであった。 (1) Treatment of dialysate drainage generated by treating a patient with a dialyzer The dialysate drainage generated by treating a patient with a dialyzer was treated according to the following procedure. With the on-off valves 21 and 23 closed and the on-off valves 22 and 24 opened, the wastewater was sent to the membrane separation processing unit and the activated sludge processing unit 3 to perform membrane separation and activated sludge treatment, and then flowed into the sewer. The BOD of the treated water was 2 mg / L and the electric conductivity was 120 mS.

（２）透析装置を水で洗浄した排水の処理
透析装置を水で洗浄した排水は、処理せずにそのまま下水道に流した。 (2) Treatment of waste water in which the dialyzer was washed with water Waste water in which the dialyzer was washed with water was passed through the sewer as it was without treatment.

（３）透析装置を酢酸水溶液で洗浄した排水の処理
透析装置を酢酸水溶液で洗浄したときの排水を以下の手順で処理した。開閉バルブ２２、２３を閉じ、開閉バルブ２１，２４を開けた状態で、排水を中和処理部２にてｐＨが７程度になるように中和した。 (3) Treatment of wastewater in which the dialyzer was washed with an acetic acid aqueous solution The wastewater when the dialyzer was washed in an acetic acid aqueous solution was treated in the following procedure. With the on-off valves 22 and 23 closed and the on-off valves 21 and 24 opened, the wastewater was neutralized by the neutralization processing unit 2 so that the pH was about 7.

その後、ライン１２から膜分離処理部及び活性汚泥処理部３に送って、膜分離と活性汚泥処理を行い、下水道に流した。処理水のＢＯＤは２ｍｇ／Ｌであった。   Then, it sent to the membrane separation process part and the activated sludge process part 3 from the line 12, the membrane separation and the activated sludge process were performed, and it was poured into the sewer. The BOD of the treated water was 2 mg / L.

（４）透析装置を次亜塩素酸塩水溶液で洗浄したときの排水の処理
透析装置を次亜塩素酸塩水溶液で洗浄した排水を以下の手順で処理した。開閉バルブ２２、２４を閉じ、開閉バルブ２１、２３を開けた状態にて、排水を送り、中和処理部２でｐＨが７程度になるように中和処理を行い、下水道に放流した。 (4) Treatment of wastewater when the dialyzer was washed with a hypochlorite aqueous solution Wastewater obtained by washing the dialyzer with a hypochlorite aqueous solution was treated according to the following procedure. With the on-off valves 22 and 24 closed and the on-off valves 21 and 23 opened, the waste water was sent to the neutralization treatment unit 2 so that the pH was about 7 and discharged into the sewer.

本発明の排水の処理方法の処理フローを示す図。The figure which shows the processing flow of the processing method of the waste_water | drain of this invention.

符号の説明Explanation of symbols

１ 水質モニター部
２ 中和処理部
３ 膜処理及び／又は活性汚泥処理部
１１ 排水供給ライン
１２ 中和処理後の排水の送液ライン
１３ａ、１３ｂ 処理水の放流ライン
２１−２４ 開閉バルブ DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Water quality monitor part 2 Neutralization process part 3 Membrane process and / or activated sludge process part 11 Waste water supply line 12 Liquid feed line 13a, 13b of the waste water after neutralization process Discharge line 21-24 Open / close valve

Claims (1)

透析治療により生じた透析液排水を含む排水の処理方法であって、
前記排水が、患者を透析装置にて治療して生じる透析液排水、前記透析装置を水で洗浄した排水、前記透析装置を次亜塩素酸塩水溶液で洗浄した排水、前記透析装置を酢酸水溶液で洗浄したときの排水の４種類であり、
時間を異ならせて各排水を流し、
患者を透析装置にて治療して生じる透析液排水は、膜分離処理及び／又は活性汚泥処理を行い、
前記透析装置を水で洗浄した排水は、必要に応じて中和処理を行い、
前記透析装置を酢酸水溶液で洗浄したときの排水は、中和処理と膜分離処理及び／又は活性汚泥処理を行い、
前記透析装置を次亜塩素酸塩水溶液で洗浄した排水は、中和処理を行う、排水の処理方法。 A method for treating wastewater including dialysate wastewater generated by dialysis treatment,
The drainage is a dialysate drainage generated by treating a patient with a dialysis machine, a drainage obtained by washing the dialysis machine with water, a drainage obtained by washing the dialysis machine with a hypochlorite aqueous solution, and the dialysis machine with an aqueous acetic acid solution. There are four types of wastewater when washed,
Drain each drainage at different times,
Dialysis fluid drainage generated by treating a patient with a dialysis machine is subjected to membrane separation treatment and / or activated sludge treatment,
The waste water from which the dialysis machine has been washed with water is neutralized as necessary,
The waste water when the dialysis machine is washed with an acetic acid aqueous solution is subjected to neutralization treatment and membrane separation treatment and / or activated sludge treatment,
The waste water which wash | cleaned the said dialysis apparatus with hypochlorite aqueous solution is the processing method of the waste_water | drain which neutralizes.
JP2008263671A 2008-10-10 2008-10-10 Method for processing wastewater including dialyzate wastewater generated by dialysis treatment Pending JP2010088759A (en)

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