JP2010088164A - Rotating electrical machine - Google Patents

Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a rotating electrical machine of small size, light weight, high efficiency, and reliability. <P>SOLUTION: In the rotating electrical machine including a stator and a rotor, an RF-IC chip, a sensor element, a reader-writer, an external antenna, and the like are placed. Power supply to the RF-IC chip and the sensor element in a non-contact manner and a function of transmitting and receiving information in the same manner are also enabled. The rotating electrical machine is controlled by information obtained from them through the reader-writer and the monitoring of state, history, and the like is enabled. The rotating electrical machine includes: the RF-IC chip installed on or in the rotor; the sensor element connected to or integrated with the RF-IC chip; and a signal reader-transmitter that is provided in a position opposite the RF-IC chip and supplies power to and transmits and receives information to and from the RF-IC chip and the sensor element in a non-contact manner. The rotating electrical machine is controlled by information obtained from the reader-transmitter. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2010,JPO&INPIT

Description

  The present invention relates to a rotating electrical machine that performs control, state / history monitoring, and the like of a rotating electrical machine using a radio frequency integrated circuit (Radio Frequency IC chip, hereinafter referred to as RF-IC chip).

  Various physical properties such as temperature, magnetic characteristics, strain (or stress), and acceleration of the rotor and stator inside the rotating electric machine vary depending on the operating condition of the rotating electric machine, and are closely related to the performance of the rotating electric machine. Measuring these and optimally controlling the rotating electrical machine can further improve the efficiency and reliability of the rotating electrical machine.

  In order to reduce the size and weight of a rotating electrical machine, it is important to install various sensors inside the rotating electrical machine. However, since the rotating electrical machine has a complicated structure, it is difficult to install various sensors inside the rotating electrical machine. In Patent Documents 1 to 3, consideration is given to transferring a conventionally used rotation sensor from the outside of the housing of the rotating electrical machine to the inside of the housing.

Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 2-146949 JP-A-1-98924 JP-A 63-262083

  However, since there is a very strong magnetic field inside the rotating electrical machine to obtain rotational force, it interferes with various sensor controls and measurement signals, making measurement difficult and reducing the reliability of the measured values. .

  Furthermore, it is difficult to install various sensors on the rotor because the rotor is located inside a structure such as a stator and the rotor is a rotor. In addition, it is difficult to connect a signal line or a power line of the sensor with a wire.

  SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION An object of the present invention is to provide a small and lightweight rotating electrical machine in which a sensor is installed in a housing of the rotating electrical machine and the dimensions of the sensors of the rotating electrical machine are reduced. Another object of the present invention is to provide a rotating electrical machine having the above-described sensor and having high efficiency and reliability.

  A feature of the present invention that solves the above problems is a rotating electrical machine having a rotor, a stator that interacts with the rotor and rotates the rotor, and a control device that controls the rotation of the rotor. The rotating electrical machine is disposed at a position facing the RF-IC chip, an RF-IC chip installed on or inside the rotor, a sensor element connected to or integrated with the RF-IC chip, and the RF-IC chip. A signal reading transmitter for supplying power to the RF-IC chip and the sensor element and performing transmission / reception of information in a non-contact manner, and the control device uses the information obtained from the reading transmitter to It is characterized by controlling. When the RF-IC chip rotates together with the rotor, the signal frequency of the RF-IC chip changes depending on the moving speed (Doppler phenomenon), and the signal intensity of the RF-IC chip depends on the moving distance. The rotation of the rotating electrical machine is detected by using a phenomenon that changes. An RF-IC chip and a sensor are installed inside the rotating electrical machine, and a signal reading transmitter (Reader-Writer, hereinafter referred to as a reader-writer) that has power supply to the sensor element and information transmission / reception functions in close proximity. Permanent installation and stable power supply enable continuous detection of temperature, magnetism, strain (or stress), acceleration, etc.

  In another aspect of the present invention, the position of the RF-IC chip of the present invention and the reading transmitter is changed, and the RF-IC chip installed on the surface or inside of the stator is connected to the RF-IC chip. A reading transmitter that is provided at a position facing the RF-IC chip on the rotor and that is integrated with the integrated sensor element and has both power supply to the RF-IC chip and the sensor element and information transmission / reception functions in a non-contact manner. It is characterized by having.

  According to the present invention, the rotating electrical machine can be reduced in size and weight, and the efficiency and reliability of the rotating electrical machine can be improved.

  The present invention will be described in detail below. In the present invention, the operating state of the rotating electrical machine is measured by the sensor device. The rotating electrical machine includes a rotor, a stator that interacts with the rotor and rotates the rotor, and a control device that controls the rotation of the rotor. Various physical properties such as the magnetic field, temperature, stress, strain, and acceleration of the rotor and stator inside the rotating electric machine vary depending on the operating condition of the rotating electric machine. Measuring these and controlling them optimally contributes to improving the performance of rotating electrical machines. Further, the reliability of the rotating electrical machine is improved by monitoring the state. Sensor elements, reader / writers, external antennas, etc. connected to or integrated with RF-IC chips and wireless IC chips are arranged on the stator and rotor, and power supply and information to the RF-IC chips and sensor elements without contact. The transmission / reception function is enabled, and the rotating electrical machine is controlled based on the information obtained through the reader / writer, and the status and history can be monitored.

  The RF-IC chip can measure magnetic fields, temperatures, stresses, strains, torques, accelerations, and the like using sensor elements, external antennas, etc., as well as information transmission and reception. Further, when the RF-IC chip rotates with the rotor, the Doppler phenomenon in which the signal frequency of the RF-IC chip changes according to the moving speed, and the signal intensity of the RF-IC chip changes according to the moving distance. It is possible to detect the rotation of the rotating electrical machine by utilizing the phenomenon.

  Since the RF-IC chip is small and light and has a function of controlling power and information, it can be installed on a high-speed moving body to transmit and receive information. The RF-IC chip has a passive type that operates using radio waves from a transmission source as an energy source by an electromagnetic induction method (mainly 135 kHz, 13.56 MHz) or a radio wave method (mainly 900 MHz band, 2.54 GHz), and a built-in battery or the like. There are two types, an active type that operates using a power source or an externally supplied power source as an energy source. A passive RF-IC chip can instantaneously perform power feeding and information transmission / reception without contact. In the RF-IC chip, it is possible to supply surplus power to other elements such as sensors and parts, and to exchange information.

  For sufficient power supply to the RF-IC chip and stable transmission / reception of information, it is usually necessary to bring the RF-IC chip close to the reader / writer. In the case of a rotating electrical machine, the rotor rotates in close proximity to a stator or the like. Therefore, even a rotor that is a high-speed moving body can sufficiently supply power to the RF-IC chip and stably transmit and receive information. It is possible to carry out continuously without contact. Furthermore, in addition to the RF-IC chip, the sensor element can continuously perform sufficient power supply and stable transmission / reception of information without contact.

  The external antenna in which the antenna element, the rectifier circuit, and the waveguide are combined is preferably provided in the RF-IC chip, the sensor, and the reader / writer (reading transmitter).

  As a rotating electrical machine, AC power is induced in the stator winding by rotating the rotor with the rotating torque from the outside, and the rotating motor in which the rotor is rotated by the stator winding or the magnet of the rotor, There is a generator that outputs an alternating current from a stator winding. As a generator, it is preferable that three-phase AC power is induced in the stator winding and output. Rotating motors are used in, for example, vehicle driving motors used in hybrid electric vehicles, automobile power steering motors, train driving motors, elevator driving motors, spindle motors used in hard disks, pumps, and the like. There are general-purpose motors used. Note that it is possible to use a single rotating electric machine having the functions of both a rotating motor and a generator.

  A sensor device for measuring an operating state includes an RF-IC chip, a sensor element connected to or integrated with the RF-IC chip, and a reading transmitter provided at a position facing the RF-IC chip. The reading transmitter supplies power to the sensor element without contact with the RF-IC chip, and transmits and receives information. By supplying power from the reader / writer, the sensor can be continuously driven and information can be transmitted and received. Examples of the external antenna include an external antenna element, a waveguide, a rectifier circuit, an attenuator, and the like (hereinafter referred to as an external antenna or the like or an external antenna). The RF-IC chip, sensor element, external antenna, etc. can be selected in a suitable combination according to the performance of each other's power supply and transmission / reception of signals and data, etc., and should be installed at a position suitable for measuring various physical properties. Can do. Even when the stator and rotor of a rotating electrical machine are made of a material that easily reflects RF waves, such as metal, it is possible to cope with them by selecting the optimal material and shape of the RF-IC chip and external antenna that can easily guide the RF waves. Is possible.

  In addition, RF-IC chips, sensor elements, reading transmitters, and external antennas that have heat resistance, strength, impact resistance, and other performance that can function sufficiently even in environments equivalent to the operating environment of rotating electrical machines are used. To do. The internal temperature of a rotating electrical machine may rise to several tens to several tens of degrees Celsius due to heat generation due to the loss or the like. Further, a rotational driving force and an impact force at the time of starting and stopping are also generated. Therefore, the RF-IC chip, the sensor element connected to or integrated with the RF-IC chip, the reading transmitter, the external antenna, and the like have heat resistance that can sufficiently function even in an environment corresponding to the operating environment of the rotating electrical machine, It must have performance such as strength and impact resistance. Information obtained from the sensor device is transmitted to the control device and used for recording the operation state and controlling the operation of the rotating machine.

  Even an apparatus in which a plurality of rotating electrical machines are combined can be provided with the RF-IC chip, sensor element, reading transmitter and external antenna of the present invention. When a plurality of rotating electrical machines are used in combination, the other rotating electrical machine is provided on the rotating shaft of one rotating electrical machine. Only one of the rotating electrical machines may be provided with the sensor device, or both of the rotating electrical machines may be provided with the sensor device.

  Using RF-IC chips and sensor elements, it is possible to measure various physical properties and transmit / receive information in parts that have been difficult to achieve with conventional wired connections, such as inside a rotating electrical machine with a sealed structure or a rotor that is a rotating structure. it can. The sensor element can also continuously supply sufficient power and stably send and receive information without contact. Examples of the sensor element include a temperature sensor, a magnetic sensor, a strain sensor, and an acceleration sensor, and at least one or more of these are used. The sensor device is disposed at a position suitable for the physical property to be measured as appropriate. The RF-IC chip and the sensor element may be arranged at the rotor or the stator, and the reader / writer may be located anywhere other than the rotor as long as the reader / writer is opposed. The RF-IC chip and the sensor element may be provided on the rotor, and the reading transmitter may be provided on the stator side. Conversely, the RF-IC chip and the sensor element may be provided on the stator. A reading transmitter or an RF-IC chip can be provided in a casing of a rotating electric machine or the like according to a physical property value to be measured. The reading transmitter is fixed at a place other than the rotor.

  Further, an RF-IC chip, a sensor element, an external antenna, etc. may be provided outside the rotating electrical machine. By providing the reading transmitter outside the casing of the rotating electrical machine, the internal state of the sealed rotating electrical machine can be measured from the outside. Furthermore, since each part of the sensor device of the present invention measures the physical properties of the rotating electrical machine in a non-contact manner, it can be provided inside the rotor and the stator, as well as in the interior thereof. It is not necessary to provide directly on a rotor and a stator, and you may install in the mechanism separately provided in the rotating shaft of the rotary electric machine. By connecting an external antenna or the like to the RF-IC chip, the sensor element, and the reader / writer, the power and signal transmission / reception characteristics of the sensor device can be changed.

  An RF-IC chip, a sensor element, an external antenna, and the like can be fixed in a form processed into a sheet by a printing method or the like, as in the case of a conventional IC card or identification tag. Since the RF-IC chip, the sensor element, the external antenna, and the like are small and inexpensive, they can be installed in a rotating electrical machine to share various functions, or the signal output can be increased by combining them. Moreover, it contributes to the improvement of reliability, for example, when one fails, the other is substituted. When an RF-IC chip having a function capable of reading and writing is used, it can be used for operation, control, accuracy calibration, maintenance inspection, and maintenance management of the rotating electrical machine and the sensor element. Furthermore, the RF-IC chip, sensor element, reading transmitter and external antenna can be used separately for power supply and information transmission / reception.

  The RF-IC chip has been used mainly for the purpose of information authentication such as IC cards and identification tags. However, when the RF-IC chip and sensor are installed at a location remote from the reader / writer and the reader / writer is brought close to the RF-IC chip. In general, an on-demand type that measures a physical property value when the reader / writer is brought close, or drives a sensor or transmits / receives information by providing a mechanism for storing and supplying power separately is generally used. (Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 2005-18175, Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 2005-96726, etc.) The inventor not only reads / writes information from / to the IC chip by bringing the IC chip close to the reader / writer, but also the state of the rotating electrical machine. We investigated the continuous use of RF-IC chips for monitoring to drive sensors and send and receive information. When the RF-IC chip is installed on a high-speed moving body, the Doppler phenomenon in which the signal frequency of the RF-IC chip changes according to the moving speed, and the signal intensity of the RF-IC chip changes according to the moving distance. Together with the measurement of various physical property values by the sensor and the transmission / reception of information, the rotation of the rotating electrical machine can be measured.

  The conventional technique and the present invention differ in that an RF-IC chip is attached to a moving body, and the speed and displacement amount of the moving body are determined according to the moving speed and the moving distance. As an example of applying the Doppler phenomenon of RF waves and changes in signal intensity to a sensor of a moving object, an RF wave is irradiated to the moving object from a fixed transmission source, a reflected wave is received, and the moving object is There are meteorological and marine observation Doppler radars for obtaining speed and displacement, and crime prevention Doppler sensors. For sufficient power supply to the RF-IC chip and stable transmission / reception of information, it is usually necessary to bring the RF-IC chip close to the reader / writer. This is because it is difficult to mount an RF-IC chip on a moving body that moves in free space.

  Based on the idea of mounting an RF-IC chip on a moving body of a rotating electrical machine, the present inventors continuously obtain a rotation speed and a displacement amount in a non-contact manner using a Doppler phenomenon of RF waves, a change in signal intensity, and the like. Achieved that. Since the rotor rotates in the vicinity of the stator or the like, it is suitable for continuous power supply and stable transmission / reception of information without contact. It is characteristic that the measurement was performed at a site where it was difficult to measure various physical property values and transmit / receive information by wired connection so far, such as the inside of a rotary electric machine with a sealed structure or a rotor as a rotating structure. According to the present invention, it is possible to measure physical properties such as the magnetic field, temperature, stress, strain, and acceleration in the rotating electric machine and the rotor, and optimize the control of the rotating electric machine to improve the performance and reliability of the rotating electric machine.

  Furthermore, the present invention contributes to the reduction in size and weight of a rotating electrical machine that has been hindered by conventional rotation sensors. Generally, there are so-called motors and so-called generators in rotating electrical machines. In the motor, a rotor core generates rotational torque by a magnetic repulsion / attraction force generated by an alternating current flowing through a stator core having teeth and a slot and a stator winding disposed in the slot. Rotates. In the generator, when the rotor is rotated by a rotational torque from the outside, AC power is induced in the stator winding, and AC current is output from the stator winding. Any of the above rotating electric machines uses a strong permanent magnet for the rotor for the purpose of improving efficiency and reducing the size and weight.

  Up to now, the use of permanent magnets and inverter control has improved the efficiency of rotating electrical machines and has led to the reduction in size and weight. While the rotating electrical machine main body is becoming smaller and lighter, installation of various sensors inside the rotating electrical machine has hardly progressed except for some testing machines. A sensor that detects the rotation of a rotating electrical machine is often attached to the outside of the rotating electrical machine, occupies a relatively large space, and is a factor that hinders the reduction in size and weight of the rotating electrical machine.

  Currently, resolvers and encoders are widely used as rotational speed sensors. These can detect the position from the stop, have high detection accuracy, and high reliability. However, the resolver itself is a rotating electric machine. The encoder has a light source such as a scale or LED lamp that records changes in light and magnetism. Since these sensors have a complicated mechanism composed of many parts, there is a limit to reducing the size and weight. In addition, the resolver and the encoder cannot be directly installed on the stator or the rotor of the rotating electrical machine, and are often installed separately on the rotating shaft of the rotating electrical machine. Also, rotation sensors such as Hall elements are inferior in accuracy and function compared to the above sensors, and it is difficult to measure and control precise torque and rotation speed, and functions and performance such as only constant rotation speed are limited. Applicable to rotating electrical machines.

  According to the present invention, since the sensor is miniaturized and the sensor is built in successfully, a small and lightweight rotating electrical machine can be achieved. The present invention can also be applied to an ultra-small rotating electric machine such as a spindle motor. Moreover, since it does not have the complicated structure comprised from many components, cost can be reduced.

  Among the improvements in the performance of rotating electrical machines, with the increasing environmental awareness, improving the efficiency of rotating electrical machines is one of the most important improvements. Statistically, if the efficiency of rotating electrical machines in Japan is improved by 1%, power consumption for one nuclear power plant can be reduced. The efficiency of a rotating electrical machine is generally represented by the ratio of output (generally power: W) to input (generally power: W), and decreases as losses such as iron loss, copper loss, mechanical loss, and floating loss increase. The iron loss is a loss that occurs when the iron core is magnetized, and depends mainly on the characteristics of the iron core material such as the electromagnetic steel sheet, which is the material, and the magnetic field generated by the stator windings and magnets. Copper loss is Joule heat generated by current flowing through the stator winding. The mechanical loss is a mechanical loss that occurs in the rotating shaft or the like. Floating loss is the sum of all other losses. These losses are released in the form of heat, and the rotating electrical machine generates heat. A complicated temperature distribution is formed inside the rotating electrical machine due to iron loss due to the iron core, copper loss due to the winding, and mechanical loss due to the rotating part.

  The loss of the rotating electrical machine is classified as described above, but is not actually measured individually. It is estimated from a calculated value obtained from each loss theoretical formula, a value actually measured at the material stage, or a value actually measured by a separate prototype machine. Above all, it is not uncommon for the iron loss to be more than double the difference between the iron loss value of the material and the iron loss value estimated to be actually generated in the rotating electrical machine. Accurately grasping the loss improves the control of the rotating electrical machine and contributes to the improvement of efficiency.

  The stator core has teeth, slots, and stator windings, and the rotor core has permanent magnets. A complicated distribution of shapes, materials, and the like exists inside the rotating electrical machine. For this reason, it is very difficult to grasp the physical properties inside the rotating electrical machine. A complex magnetic field is formed according to the distribution of windings, iron cores, magnets, and the like. In addition, there are changes in residual stress and strain, microstructure and electromagnetic characteristics due to the manufacturing method and material. For example, electromagnetic steel plates are used for rotors of rotating electrical machines, and there are residual stresses and strains in stamping, press fitting during assembly, and shrink fitting processes. Further, work hardening occurs in the metal by processing. Accordingly, there is a complicated distribution related to the shape and material of the mechanical strength and electromagnetic characteristics of the rotating electrical machine. In addition, the rotation and rotation of the rotor and stator of a rotating electrical machine change due to start-up / operation / stop and time-dependent changes in output, and a large torque or acceleration is applied. Will change accordingly. When the magnetic field, temperature, stress, strain, torque, acceleration, mechanical strength, electromagnetic characteristics, etc. change with time in a complex spatial distribution as described above, physical properties such as magnetic field, temperature, stress, strain, etc. during operation Are not measured except for a part. If these physical property values exceed a certain limit value, there is a possibility that the output / efficiency deteriorates or breaks, causing runaway / stop. In order to ensure reliability, it is designed on the safe side so that it does not exceed the limit value, and it is operated and controlled with a design that reduces the efficiency and provides sufficient margin.

  It is difficult to attach a sensor to a rotating electrical machine. In particular, in the case of a rotor that is a rotating body, it is difficult to connect and measure a power supply line for supplying power to the sensor and a signal line for transmitting and receiving information. However, measurement and control of physical values such as the magnetic field, temperature, stress and strain, torque and acceleration of the rotor during operation are effective for improving the efficiency of the rotating electrical machine.

  If it is possible to continuously measure the magnetic field, temperature, stress, strain, torque, acceleration, and other values inside the rotating electric machine during operation and optimally control the rotating electric machine so that the limit value is not exceeded, the conventional design standard Operation and control are possible with more accurate and strict standards. In the present invention, the sensor can be attached to the rotating electrical machine, and the operating state can be actually measured without disturbing the rotation during operation. Therefore, the performance of the rotating electrical machine is almost limited by controlling the rotating electrical machine according to the operating state. It is possible to pull out until the efficiency is improved. Further, since these important physical property values can be continuously measured to monitor the state of the rotating electrical machine and the history of operation history, etc., the reliability of the rotating electrical machine can be improved.

  Hereinafter, the configuration of the present invention will be described in more detail with reference to the drawings.

  FIG. 1A is a cross-sectional view of a stator and a rotor in a direction along a rotation axis of a synchronous motor (synchronous rotating electric machine 110) using a permanent magnet in a rotary electric motor. This synchronous motor has a stator and a rotor, and the stator has a stator iron core having teeth and a slot, and a stator winding disposed in the slot. A stator iron core (hereinafter sometimes referred to as “iron core”) is made of laminated steel plates or the like. A stator 140 is fixed inside a housing 130 having end brackets 132 on both sides. The stator 140 has a stator core 142 having a stator tooth 152 and a stator slot 150, and a stator winding 144 disposed inside the stator slot 150. A rotor 160 is provided so as to face the stator iron core 142 via a gap, and the rotor 160 is fixed to the shaft 180. The shaft 180 is rotatably supported by the end bracket 132 by bearings 136 disposed on both sides. The rotating electrical machine described in this embodiment is, for example, a 50 KW class permanent magnet synchronous motor, and the outer shape of the stator core is about 190 mm and the shaft length is 130 mm. It is preferable that the operating range of the maximum rotational speed of the synchronous motor used in this embodiment is in the range of 100 to 100,000 times / minute (rpm).

  FIG. 2 is a view showing a cross section perpendicular to the rotation axis of a synchronous motor that similarly uses a permanent magnet. The rotor 160 has a rotor core 162 and a permanent magnet 166. In this embodiment, a magnet insertion hole is provided in the rotor core 162, and the permanent magnet 166 is embedded in the magnet insertion hole. Has been. The stator winding 144 shown in FIG. 2 is an example of distributed winding. In FIG. 2, the rotor 160 has eight poles, and each pole is constituted by a single permanent magnet 166. The permanent magnets 166 are arranged around the shaft 180 at equal angles. Note that the rotor 160 is not limited to 8 poles, and can have 10 poles or more, and can have 6 poles or 4 poles. Each pole may be composed of a single permanent magnet or a plurality of magnets such as two or three. When two or three poles are used, the permanent magnet is arranged so that the magnetization polarity is reversed every two or three.

  FIG. 3 is a partially enlarged view of the rotor 160 shown in FIG. Each permanent magnet 166 has a reversed magnetization direction for each pole, and further has a N pole permanent so that the surface on the side facing the stator becomes an N pole or an S pole for each pole of the rotor 160. On both sides of the magnet, the permanent magnets are alternately magnetized in opposite polarities so that the side facing the stator 140 is the south pole.

  The rotor core 162 on the side of the permanent magnet 166 facing the stator partially acts as a magnetic pole piece 168, and a magnetic circuit is formed between the rotor and the stator via the magnetic pole piece 168, so that the permanent magnet The magnetic flux of 166 is supplied to the stator through a magnetic circuit having a pole piece 168, or the magnetic flux is supplied from the stator to the permanent magnet 166. The side facing the stator of the permanent magnet constituting the adjacent poles of the rotor has a reverse polarity. There is a possibility that the magnetic flux leaks between the pole pieces 168 of the adjacent poles, and the bridge portion 170 that prevents the leakage of the magnetic flux is provided between the adjacent poles of the rotor. In the bridge portion 170, the cross-sectional area through which the magnetic flux flows is reduced, and this portion is in a magnetic saturation state, thereby suppressing the leakage magnetic flux.

  FIG. 1B and FIG. 2 are examples in which the sensor of the present invention is provided. Reference numeral 190 denotes an RF-IC chip of this embodiment and a sensor element integrated with the RF-IC chip, and 191 denotes an external antenna of this embodiment. In this embodiment, the RF-IC chip, the sensor element 190, the external antenna 191 and the like are installed at the optimal position on the rotor, and the reader / writer external antenna 191 and the like are installed at the optimal position on the stator. FIG. 5 shows an example in which an RF-IC chip is installed on the rotor as in FIG. 2, but an example in which a plurality of RF-IC chips are installed.

  In FIG. 5, a plurality of RFIC chips are installed. However, the physical properties measured by using various sensor elements can be diversified, and the number and intensity of communications can be adjusted by using a plurality of reading transmitters.

  In FIG. 1A, the conventional synchronous rotating electric machine 110 has a sensor 184 that detects the rotational position of the rotor 160, and outputs a signal indicating the pole position of the rotor 160. The sensor 184 is a rotation sensor provided with, for example, a resolver or a hall element.

  As in the prior art, also in this embodiment, based on the output of the sensor device, a three-phase alternating current based on the pole position of the rotor 160 is generated by an inverter device (not shown) and supplied to the stator winding 144. The stator 140 generates a rotating magnetic field by the three-phase alternating current, and a magnetic flux based on the rotating magnetic field acts on the rotor 160. A rotating torque is generated in the rotor 160 by the permanent magnet 166 included in the rotor 160 and the rotating magnetic field. By outputting this rotational torque, the synchronous rotating electrical machine 110 operates as a rotating motor.

  Further, by applying external rotational torque to the rotor 140, AC power is generated in the stator winding 144. By outputting this AC power as AC or DC via a rectifier circuit composed of an inverter or a diode (not shown), the synchronous rotating electrical machine 110 operates as a generator.

  The stator winding 144 can be distributed winding or concentrated winding, and the present invention can be applied to both. FIG. 4 shows an example of another synchronous rotating electrical machine. The difference from FIGS. 1 to 3 is that, unlike FIG. 2, the stator winding 144 is concentrated, the rotor 160 has 10 poles, and the magnet has a curved shape. is there. In this embodiment, a magnet insertion hole having a curved shape is formed in the rotor core 162, and a magnet having a curved shape is inserted therein. As in the magnet described with reference to FIG. 2, magnetic flux enters and exits from the surface facing the stator. In addition, each pole of the rotor 160 has one permanent magnet 166, but may have a plurality of permanent magnets.

  For the RF-IC chip, sensor element, external antenna, etc. of this embodiment, the installation position, performance, material, shape, etc. should be selected appropriately so that the performance as various physical property measurement sensors and rotation sensors can be expressed. Can do.

  In FIG. 1B, the volume occupied by the sensor can be reduced in FIG. 1B. Therefore, the dotted line portion of the conventional FIG. 1C can be omitted, and the volume of the rotating electrical machine can be reduced. Even if it is small, the measured values of various physical properties can be used for the control and maintenance of the rotating electrical machine, so that the performance and reliability of the rotating electrical machine can be improved.

  In particular, by controlling the torque and the number of rotations of the rotating electrical machine using the obtained measured values, it is possible to utilize the maximum capacity of the rotating electrical machine that could not be achieved conventionally.

  6 is a diagram of a three-phase induction motor (induction motor 10) as an example of a rotating electrical machine, and FIG. 7 is a cross-sectional view of the stator 40 and the rotor 60 of FIG. 6 cut along a plane perpendicular to the rotation axis. is there. The induction motor also has a stator and a rotor, and the stator has a stator core having teeth and slots, and a stator winding disposed in the slots. 6 and 7, the stator 40 has a large number of stator slots 50 at equal intervals in the circumferential direction, and a stator winding 44 is disposed in the stator slot 50. In this embodiment, the stator core 42 and the rotor core 62 have a laminated structure in which steel plates are laminated in order to reduce iron loss due to generation of eddy currents. The induction motor described here functions as a so-called rotary electric motor that rotates when an alternating current flows through the stator winding to generate rotational torque. Here, it is preferable to pass a three-phase alternating current through the stator winding.

  FIG. 7 shows an example in which an RF-IC chip, a sensor element 190, an external antenna 191 and the like are provided. FIG. 8 is a partially enlarged cross section. FIG. 9 shows an example in which a plurality of sensor elements are installed. The RF-IC chip, the sensor element 190, the external antenna 191 and the like are installed on the rotor, and the reader / writer external antenna 191 is installed on the stator. For the RF-IC chip, the sensor element, the external antenna, and the like, the installation position, performance, material, shape, and the like can be appropriately selected so that performance as various physical property measurement sensors and rotation sensors can be exhibited.

  The induction motor 10 includes a housing 30, an end bracket 32, a fan cover 34 having a fan inside, a stator 40 fixed inside the housing 30, and a rotor 60 arranged inside the stator 40. , And a shaft 80 that supports the rotor 60. The shaft 80 is rotatably held by the end brackets 32 on both sides by the bearings 36.

  A fan fixed to the shaft 80 is provided inside the fan cover 34, and the fan rotates with the rotation of the shaft 80. The fan-side end bracket 32, the bearing 36, and the fan are located inside the fan cover 34, and these are not shown in FIG.

  The stator 40 includes a stator core 42 and a multi-phase, three-phase stator winding 44 wound around the stator core 42. Further, an AC current is supplied from an AC terminal (not shown) to the stator winding 44 via a lead wire 46, and the stator winding 44 is star-connected or delta-connected by a connection 48. The lead wire 46 and the connection wire 48 are respectively arranged outside the stator winding 44.

  Three-phase AC is supplied from an external AC power source to the AC terminal of the induction motor 10 and is supplied to the stator winding 44 via the lead wire 46, so that the stator 40 is a rotating magnetic field based on the frequency of the AC current. Is generated. A rotor current is induced in the conductor of the rotor 60 by this rotating magnetic field, and a rotational torque is generated by the action of the rotor current and the rotating magnetic field.

  The rotor 60 includes a rotor core 62 made of laminated silicon steel plates, a rotor conductor 66 inserted into a rotor slot 64 formed in the rotor core 62, and both ends of the rotor core 62. A short-circuit ring 68 and a short-circuit ring 70 that electrically short-circuit the child conductor 66 are provided.

  The rotor slots 64 are formed on the outer peripheral side of the rotor core 62 made of laminated silicon steel plates so as to penetrate the rotor core 62 at equal intervals, and the rotor slots 64 arranged at equal intervals respectively. By inserting the rotor conductor 66, the rotor conductors 66 are arranged at equal intervals in the direction along the rotation axis.

  As in the present embodiment, the rotor slot 64 may be formed so as to pass through the rotor core 62, or the rotor slot 64 may be completely embedded in the rotor core 62. Instead, the rotor slot 64 may have a shape in which the stator 40 side is open. The rotor conductor 66 may have a structure in which a conductive material, for example, a conductor mainly made of copper is inserted into the rotor slot 64 and both ends thereof are electrically short-circuited by a short-circuit ring, or an aluminum die casting method. A conductor and a short ring may be made by In the aluminum die casting method, the laminated rotor core 62 is placed in a mold, and molten aluminum is poured into the rotor slot 64 of the rotor core 62 to form the rotor conductor 66 and the short-circuit ring 68. This is a method of making the short-circuit ring 70. The aluminum die casting method has an advantage that it is easy to manufacture, but since the rotor conductor 66 is made of aluminum, the electric resistance is somewhat large, and thus there is a disadvantage that loss is increased. As a method of compensating for this disadvantage, there is a method of flowing molten aluminum with a copper wire inserted into the rotor slot 64. In addition, there is a method of inserting a copper conductor bar into the rotor slot 64 and electrically connecting a short-circuited ring made of copper to the rotor conductor 66 by welding instead of the aluminum die casting method. According to this method, the loss can be extremely reduced.

  Both sides of the rotor conductor 66 are electrically short-circuited by the short-circuit ring 68 and the short-circuit ring 70, and a voltage is induced in the rotor conductor 66 short-circuited by the short-circuit ring 68 and the short-circuit ring 70 by the rotating magnetic field. Current flows. A rotational torque is generated in the rotor 60 by the action of the current and the rotating magnetic field.

  Since the eddy current is proportional to the frequency of the magnetic flux change, it increases in proportion to the increase in the frequency of the rotating magnetic field. Further, since the frequency of magnetic flux change increases as the number of poles of the stator 40 increases, the eddy current increases in proportion to the increase in the number of poles. Therefore, eddy current loss increases based on an increase in the frequency or number of poles of magnetic flux change. Moreover, since the magnitude of the eddy current loss increases based on the plate thickness, the eddy current loss decreases rapidly as the plate thickness is reduced.

  Similarly to the synchronous motor shown in FIG. 1A, the volume occupied by the sensor can also be reduced in the forms shown in FIGS. 7 to 9, so that the volume of the rotating electrical machine can be reduced. Moreover, since measured values of various physical properties can be used for control and maintenance of the rotating electrical machine, it is possible to improve the performance and reliability of the rotating electrical machine.

  FIG. 10 shows an example of the structure of a spindle motor, and FIG. 11 shows an example of an HDD device using the spindle motor. The spindle motor of the present embodiment is an abduction type permanent magnet motor, and is a 4: 3 structure spindle motor having a 12-pole rotor 220 and a 9-pole stator 210. The rotor 220 has twelve permanent magnets 203 and a hub 204 that fixes the permanent magnets 203. The stator 210 has nine salient pole portions 211, and a stator coil 205 is wound around the salient poles 208. Correction grooves 206 are provided at two locations near the center of the salient pole 208 on the surface of the salient extreme 202 facing the permanent magnet 203.

  Conventional methods of detecting the magnetic pole position of the permanent magnet 203 include a rotation sensorless type by providing a Hall element in the housing 201 or detecting an induced voltage generated in the stator coil 205, but from the time when the resolver is stopped. In many cases, a rotation sensor that can detect the position, has high detection accuracy, and high reliability is not provided. The main reason is that the size of these sensors is large and the sensor cost is high, but the function is often limited to driving the spindle motor at a constant speed. When limited to constant speed operation, for example, in HDD devices, there is a difference in the peripheral speed between the inner and outer circumferences of the storage medium. In addition, because it tries to rotate at a constant high speed regardless of fluctuations in rotational load, power consumption is likely to increase or failure is likely to occur if the load varies due to low temperatures such as when starting up or for some reason. . In order to suppress such problems, production environment and manufacturing conditions can be strictly controlled, and manufacturing can be performed with less individual differences under strict production control, but it is difficult to reduce manufacturing costs. It becomes.

  If a spindle motor can be provided with an ultra-compact, lightweight, high-precision and high-reliability rotation sensor, high-precision and flexible rotation control by the rotation sensor becomes possible, and the above-described problems can be solved. In addition, the cost of the spindle motor itself can be reduced by stricter production control. Furthermore, since measured values of various physical properties can be used for control and maintenance of the rotating electrical machine, it is possible to improve the performance and reliability of the rotating electrical machine.

  In FIG. 11, 190 denotes an RF-IC chip and a sensor element of this embodiment, and 191 denotes an external antenna of this embodiment. As in the previous examples, the RF-IC chip, the sensor element 190, the external antenna 191 and the like are installed on the rotor, and the reader / writer external antenna 191 and the like are installed on the stator. A plurality of RF-IC chips and sensor elements may be installed. For the RF-IC chip, the sensor element, the external antenna, and the like, the installation position, performance, material, shape, and the like can be appropriately selected so that performance as various physical property measurement sensors and rotation sensors can be exhibited. As in the previous examples, the measured values of various physical properties can be used for control and maintenance of the rotating electrical machine, so that the performance and reliability of the rotating electrical machine can be improved.

  Although the HDD device is shown as an example of the spindle motor, the same effect can be exhibited even when it is applied to a CD-ROM device, a DVD device, or the like that records and reproduces information on a disk with laser light.

  FIG. 12 shows an example of a control block diagram of a conventional synchronous motor. The power supply 301 is converted into a three-phase alternating current of variable voltage and variable frequency by an inverter 302 and applied to the synchronous motor 110. Of the signals obtained from the sensor 184 attached to the outside, the speed is fed back to the speed conversion circuit 309 and the magnetic pole position is fed back to the current distribution signal generator 308. The speed command is first compared with the speed information from the speed conversion circuit by the current amplifier 307, and then subjected to arithmetic processing based on the magnetic pole position information from the current distribution signal generator by the multiplier 306, and further through the current amplifier 305. By feeding back to the pulse width modulation (PWM) circuit 304 and the base driver 303, a three-phase AC voltage and frequency corresponding to the speed command are obtained, and the motor is appropriately controlled.

  Measure the values of magnetic field, temperature, stress, strain, torque, acceleration, etc. that vary temporally and spatially inside the rotating electrical machine during operation as described above, and adjust the rotating electrical machine so that it does not exceed the limit value. There is no mechanism for optimal control.

  FIG. 13 shows an example of a control block diagram of the synchronous motor of the present invention. The power supply 301 is converted into a three-phase alternating current of variable voltage and variable frequency by an inverter 302 and applied to the synchronous motor 110, but the RF-IC chip and the RF-IC chip of the present invention are incorporated in the motor. A connected or integrated sensor element, the reading transmitter, an external antenna, and the like are installed. Information on the temperature, magnetism, strain, acceleration and the like inside the motor obtained from these through a reader / writer (reading transmitter) is processed by the sensor information processing circuit 310. The sensor information processing circuit has a speed conversion circuit, a current distribution circuit, etc., and a three-phase AC voltage and frequency corresponding to the speed command are obtained via the current amplifiers 307 and 305, the PWM circuit 304, and the base driver 303, and the motor is appropriate. To be controlled. At this time, it is possible to refer to measured values such as the magnetic field, temperature, stress and strain, torque and acceleration inside the motor, and higher accuracy can be achieved by performing accuracy correction and abnormality detection based on these measured values. Highly reliable control is possible. In addition, various information can be communicated with an external device by an information communication circuit or the like.

  The present invention can be used as a rotary electric machine such as a rotary motor or a generator.

The figure which shows the cross section along the rotating shaft of the stator and rotor of a permanent magnet motor. The figure which shows the cross section perpendicular | vertical to the stator of a permanent magnet motor, and the rotating shaft of a rotor. The figure which shows the partial expanded cross section perpendicular | vertical to the rotating shaft of the rotor of a permanent magnet motor. The figure which shows the partial cross section of the permanent magnet motor provided with the curved-shaped permanent magnet. The figure which has a some sensor element and shows a cross section perpendicular | vertical to the stator of a permanent magnet motor, and the rotating shaft of a rotor. The figure which shows the cross section along the rotating shaft of an induction motor. The figure which shows a cross section perpendicular | vertical to the rotating shaft of the stator and rotor of an induction motor. The partial expanded sectional view perpendicular | vertical to the rotating shaft of the rotor of an induction motor. The figure which shows this form in a cross section perpendicular | vertical to the rotating shaft of the stator and rotor of an induction motor. The figure which shows a cross section perpendicular | vertical to the rotating shaft of the stator and rotor of a spindle motor. The figure which shows the cross section along the rotating shaft of HDD. The figure which shows the control block of a synchronous motor. The figure which shows the control block of the synchronous motor of this invention.

Explanation of symbols

10 Induction motor 30, 130, 201 Housing 32, 132 End bracket 34 Fan cover 36, 136 Bearing 40, 140, 210 Stator 42, 142 Stator core 44, 144 Stator winding 46 Lead wire 48 Connection 50, 150 Fixed Child slot 60, 160, 220 Rotor 62, 162 Rotor core 64 Rotor slot 66 Rotor conductor 68, 70 Short ring 80, 180 Shaft 110 Synchronous rotating electric machine 152 Stator teeth 166, 203 Permanent magnet 168 Pole piece 170 Bridge Unit 184 sensor 190 RF-IC chip, sensor element 191 external antenna etc. 202 projecting extreme 204 hub 205 stator coil 206 correction groove 208 salient pole 211 salient pole unit 301 power supply 302 inverter 303 base driver 304 PWM circuit 305, 3 7 current amplifier 306 multiplier 308 current distributor signal generator 309 speed conversion circuit 310 sensor information processing circuit

Claims (12)

  A rotating electrical machine having a rotor, a stator that interacts with the rotor and rotates the rotor, and a control device that controls rotation of the rotor, the rotating electrical machine being a surface of the rotor Alternatively, an RF-IC chip installed inside, a sensor element connected to or integrated with the RF-IC chip, and a position facing the RF-IC chip are provided to the RF-IC chip and the sensor element. A rotating electrical machine comprising: a power transmitter and a signal reading transmitter that performs transmission and reception of information in a contactless manner, and the control device controls the rotating electrical machine based on information obtained from the reading transmitter.   The rotating electrical machine according to claim 1, wherein the reading transmitter is provided on a surface or inside of the stator.   A rotating electrical machine having a rotor, a stator that interacts with the rotor and rotates the rotor, and a control device that controls the rotation of the rotor, the rotating electrical machine being a surface of the stator Alternatively, the RF-IC chip installed inside, the sensor element connected to or integrated with the RF-IC chip, and the RF-IC chip on the rotor are provided at positions facing the RF-IC chip, and the RF-IC chip is contactless. -A rotary electric machine comprising a reading transmitter having both power supply and information transmission / reception functions for an IC chip and a sensor element, wherein the control device controls the rotating electric machine according to information obtained from the reading transmitter. . In the rotating electrical machine according to any one of claims 1 to 3,
A rotating electrical machine having an external antenna connected to at least one of the RF-IC chip, the sensor element, and the reading transmitter, and changing transmission / reception characteristics of power and signals by the external antenna. In the rotating electrical machine according to claim 1,
At least one of the RF-IC chip and the reading transmitter is a device that operates using a radio wave as an energy source by an electromagnetic induction method or a radio wave method. A rotating electrical machine according to any one of claims 1 to 3,
The rotating electrical machine characterized in that the sensor element has any one of a temperature sensor, a magnetic sensor, a strain sensor, an acceleration sensor, or a plurality of functions. A rotating electrical machine according to any one of claims 1 to 3,
The control device changes the torque and the rotation speed of the rotating electrical machine based on information obtained from the reading transmitter. A rotating electrical machine according to any one of claims 1 to 3,
The control device performs state monitoring or history monitoring of the rotating electrical machine based on information obtained from the reading transmitter. A rotating electrical machine according to any one of claims 1 to 3,
A rotating electrical machine comprising a plurality of at least one of the RF-IC chip, the sensor element, a reading transmitter, and an external antenna. The rotating electrical machine according to claim 9, wherein
A rotating electrical machine comprising the RF-IC chip, a sensor element, a reading transmitter, and an external antenna for power supply and information transmission / reception, respectively. A rotating electrical machine according to any one of claims 1 to 3,
When the RF-IC chip rotates together with the rotor, the rotation of the rotor is detected using a phenomenon that the signal frequency or signal intensity of the RF-IC chip changes according to the moving speed. The rotating electrical machine according to claim 1. In the rotating electrical machine according to any one of claims 1 to 3,
An external antenna composed of at least one of the RF-IC chip, the sensor element, an external antenna element connected to at least one of the reading transmitter, a waveguide, a rectifier circuit, and an attenuator, and the external antenna A rotating electrical machine characterized by changing transmission and reception characteristics of electric power and signals.

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