JP2010086276A - Method and system for tree classification, method and system for generating current status information of forest, and method and system for selecting target area for tree thinning - Google Patents

Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To properly select target area for tree thinning by generating current status information by classifying trees properly and using the same. <P>SOLUTION: The system for selecting target area for tree thinning includes: a unit 310 for generating sub-compartment image data of current status of forest, the unit 310 generating sub-compartment image data of current status of the forest based on sub-compartment image data and the image data of the current status information of the forest, wherein the sub-compartment image data for dividing a forest into sub-compartments is generated based on image data of the current status information of the forest relating to the current status information of the forest; a unit 320 for generating image data of sub-compartment attribute information, the unit 320 extracting sub-compartment attribute information representing features of each sub-compartment and generating image data of sub-compartment attribute information relating to each sub-compartment attribute information; and a unit 330 for generating image data of target area for tree thinning, the unit 330 selecting target area for tree thinning based on the image data of the sub-compartment attribute information and geographical advantage of the forest and generating an image data of the target area for tree thinning representing the selected target area for tree thinning. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2010,JPO&INPIT

Description

  The present invention relates to a tree species classification method and a tree species classification system for classifying forest tree species, a forest present state information creation method and a forest present state information creation system, a thinning target area selection method, and a thinning target area selection system.

  Proper selection of areas to be thinned (called thinning target areas) by accurately grasping the current state of forests is an extremely important issue in forest management. In general, forests are affected by disasters, meteorological damage, feeding damage by large animals, invasion of unnecessary trees, natural regeneration, etc., and many forests do not grow as planted trees as they are. The situation changes greatly.

  However, the basic forest map and the forest survey book, which are the forest management ledgers, remain the information at the time of planting, and the deviation from the current situation is a big problem. Furthermore, in recent years, unhealthy forests that are prone to disasters are increasing in planted forests. Such forests need to be thinned by hand as a thinning target area.

  However, selection of areas to be thinned depends on field surveys and experience of engineers in the past, and requires a lot of labor and time. In addition, forests generally have steep terrain, large areas, and poor access. Therefore, forests that are visible to humans or near forest roads are often selected as thinning areas because of labor. It is hard to say that the areas to be thinned are properly selected.

  This is because it is extremely difficult to accurately grasp the current state of the forest and objectively determine the location to be thinned. That is, in order to accurately grasp the current state of the forest, it is necessary to appropriately create information representing the current state of the forest (referred to as forest present state information). The forest status information here includes, for example, information on the crown of the forest, information on the tree species, the area of the canopy, the number of all tree species, the number of tree types, and the like.

  Techniques for acquiring forest status information and managing forests have been proposed (see, for example, Patent Document 1 and Patent Document 2).

  The technique disclosed in Patent Document 1 (referred to as the first conventional technique) is obtained by converting a captured image (color image) obtained by photographing a forest to be investigated from the sky into a black and white image, and performing image processing on the black and white image. The tree vegetation, such as the tree species that make up the forest, is investigated and evaluated based on the shape of the tree crown and the color and brightness of the tree obtained by spectral reflection (spectrum) analysis of the original color image. is there.

  In addition, the technique disclosed in Patent Document 2 (referred to as second conventional technique) is a technique for evaluating a forest canopy by performing image processing on a captured image obtained by photographing a forest area to be investigated from the sky, In the second prior art, after obtaining the shape of the crown, the texture feature amount of the shape of the crown is obtained, and the obtained texture feature amount is compared with the texture feature amount of a known tree species to determine the tree species of the crown. A tree species classification technique for identifying a tree is disclosed.

JP 2001-357380 A JP 2006-285310 A

  As described above, according to the first prior art, forest vegetation is investigated and evaluated, such as a survey of forest tree species, from the color and brightness of trees obtained by performing spectrum analysis of color images. . Certainly, the difference in brightness with respect to the wavelength of light occurs depending on the tree species, so it is considered that the tree species can be specified, but in the first conventional technique, the situation of sunlight (for example, the sun and shade areas) is considered. Therefore, there is a problem that high-precision classification is possible and misclassification is likely to occur.

  In addition, when the second conventional technology specifies a tree species, the texture feature amount of the shape of the crown is obtained, and the obtained texture feature amount is compared with the texture feature amount of a known tree species to identify the tree species of the tree crown. Like to do. For this reason, in the second prior art, it is necessary to create a texture feature amount of a known tree species in advance for each tree species, and a texture feature amount of a known tree species prepared in advance and a texture feature obtained. It is necessary to perform processing with a large amount of calculation such as comparing the amount. Also, depending on the tree type, the texture feature amount may be similar, and there is a problem that misclassification is likely to occur as in the first conventional technique.

  Accordingly, the present invention provides a tree species classification method and a tree species classification system that can appropriately classify trees according to tree types, and a forest status information creation method and a forest status information creation system that can appropriately acquire forest status information. The purpose is to provide. Another object of the present invention is to provide a method for selecting a thinning target area and a selection system for the thinning target area so that the thinning target area can be appropriately selected using the current forest information.

  (1) The tree species classification method of the present invention includes a forest area related to a forest area extracted based on photographed image data obtained by photographing an area including a forest to be investigated from the sky and geographical information of the forest. A tree classification method for classifying each tree included in the forest area by using image data, wherein each tree crown included in the forest area is extracted based on the forest area image data, A step of creating image data, a step of extracting information including a sunny part of each canopy based on the canopy image data as canopy information, creating canopy information image data relating to the canopy information, and the canopy information image data A spectral reflection characteristic in a region that is the sunny part of each canopy based on the tree, and identifying a tree species of the crown based on the spectral reflection characteristic to identify tree species classification image data And wherein further comprising the step of creating.

  According to the tree species classification method of the present invention, by classifying trees into tree types using the spectral reflection characteristics at the sunny part of each crown, misclassification is unlikely to occur and classification can be performed with high accuracy.

  (2) In the tree species classification method of the present invention, the sunshine portion of each crown is extracted based on the luminance value in the crown image data, and the location where the luminance value is a predetermined value or more in the tree crown is the sunshine portion. It is preferable that

  Thereby, the sunny part in each crown can be extracted appropriately. In addition, it is preferable to extract not only the sunny part but also the shade part and the tree top part by the luminance value in the tree crown image data. In the extraction of the sunny part, the shade part, and the top part of the tree, a part having a luminance value equal to or greater than a predetermined value in the crown (for example, an average value of luminance values in the crown) is defined as the sunny part, and the luminance value is predetermined in the crown. This is possible by setting a portion that is less than the value (for example, less than the average value of luminance values in the tree crown) as a shaded portion, and a point where the luminance value is a maximum value in the tree crown as a tree top portion.

  (3) In the tree species classification method of the present invention, when a plurality of tree species are extracted from each canopy, the occupied area of each of the plurality of tree species extracted from each canopy is calculated for each tree species, and the occupied area It is preferable to regard the tree species having a large number as the tree species of the crown.

  Thereby, one crown can be classified as one tree species. By classifying one tree crown as one tree species, it is possible to easily and appropriately conduct surveys and evaluations of forest vegetation.

  (4) The tree species classification system of the present invention is a forest area relating to a forest area extracted based on photographed image data obtained by photographing an area including a forest to be investigated from the sky and geographical information of the forest. A tree type classification system for classifying the types of trees included in the forest area using image data, wherein each tree crown included in the forest area is extracted based on the forest area image data, Crown image data creation unit for creating image data, and information including the sunny part of each crown based on the crown image data is extracted as crown information, and crown information image data for creating the crown information image data related to the crown information is created. Creating a spectral reflection characteristic in a region that is a sunny part of each canopy based on the creation information and the canopy information image data, and the crown based on the spectral reflection characteristic The species identified and characterized by having a tree species classification image data creation unit that creates a tree species classification image data.

  In the tree species classification system of the present invention, the same effect as the tree species classification method can be obtained. The tree species classification system of the present invention is configured such that the functions of each component included in the tree species classification system are installed as a computer program, and each component is provided with predetermined data. The functions of the elements are executed on the computer software. Also, the tree species classification system of the present invention preferably has the characteristics described in (2) and (3) above.

  (5) The method for creating forest status information according to the present invention includes a forest area extracted based on photographed image data obtained by photographing an area including a forest to be surveyed from above and geographical information of the forest. A method for creating forest status information for creating forest status information relating to the current status of the forest using forest area image data relating to, wherein each crown included in the forest area is extracted based on the forest area image data A step of creating canopy image data relating to each canopy; a step of extracting information including the sunny part of each canopy based on the canopy image data as canopy information and creating canopy information image data relating to the canopy information; , Creating a spectral reflection characteristic in a region of the crown of each crown based on the crown information image data, and determining a tree species of the crown based on the spectral reflection characteristic A step of creating tree species classification image data, calculating a total tree species crown area occupancy per unit area based on the tree species classification image data, and calculating all tree species crown occupancy image data based on the total tree species crown area occupancy Calculating a tree type crown area occupancy per unit area based on the tree species classification image data, creating a tree type crown occupancy image data based on the tree type crown area occupancy, and From the number of crowns of all tree species calculated based on the tree species classification image data, the step of creating the total tree species crown number distribution image data per unit area, and the number of tree types of crowns calculated based on the tree species classification image data A step of creating tree-type tree crown distribution image data per unit area, the tree-type tree-occupied image data, the tree-type tree-occupied image Creating forest present state information image data relating to the present state information of forest based on the data, the total tree species crown number distribution image data, the tree type canopy number distribution image data and the tree species classification image data. .

  As described above, the present forest status information creation method uses the high-accuracy tree species classification image data obtained by classifying the tree species using the spectral reflection characteristics in the sunny portion of each crown. Image data is created. Thus, according to the method for creating forest status information of the present invention, it is possible to obtain forest status information image data that appropriately represents the forest status.

  (6) The forest status information creation system according to the present invention is a forest area extracted based on photographed image data obtained by photographing an area including a forest to be investigated from the sky and geographical information of the forest. A forest present state information creation system for creating forest present state information relating to the present state of the forest using the forest region image data relating to, wherein each tree crown included in the forest region is extracted based on the forest region image data. A crown image data creation unit for creating crown image data relating to each crown, and extracting information including the sunny part of each crown based on the crown image data as crown information, and crown information image data relating to the crown information A crown information image data creation unit to be created, and a spectral reflection characteristic in a region that is a sunlit portion of each crown based on the crown information image data, A tree species classification image data creation unit that identifies tree species of the tree crown based on reflection characteristics and creates tree species classification image data, a function that calculates the number of tree crowns of all tree species based on the tree species classification image data, and per unit area A total tree species crown occupancy image data creation unit having a function of calculating all tree species crown area occupancy and creating all tree species crown occupancy image data based on the all tree species crown area occupancy, and based on the tree species classification image data A tree type having a function of calculating the number of crowns of a tree type and a function of calculating a tree type crown area occupancy per unit area and creating tree type crown occupancy image data based on the tree type crown area occupancy A crown occupancy image data creation unit; and a total tree species crown number distribution image data creation unit for creating all tree species crown number distribution image data per unit area from the number of crowns of all tree species; Tree-type crown number distribution image data creation unit for creating tree-type crown number distribution image data per unit area from the number of tree-type crowns, all-tree-type crown-occupied image data, said tree-type canopy-occupied image data, and all A forest present state information image data creation unit that creates forest present state information image data related to the present state of forest based on the tree species crown number distribution image data, the tree type crown number distribution image data, and the tree species classification image data; And

  Also in the forest present status information creation system of the present invention, the same effect as the forest present status information creation method can be obtained. In addition, in the forest present status information creation system according to the present invention, the functions of each of the components included in the forest present status information creation system are installed as a computer program, and give predetermined data to the respective components. Thus, the functions of each component are executed on the software of the computer.

  (7) The method for selecting a thinning target area of the present invention is a method for selecting a thinning target area for selecting a thinning target area to be thinned based on the forest present state information image data relating to the current state of the forest to be investigated, Based on the forest present state information image data, a subcompartment image data for dividing the forest into subcompartments is created, and based on the subcompartment image data and the forest present state information image data, the forest present state subcompartment image data is obtained. A step of creating, extracting a piece segment attribute information representing the characteristics of each group segment, creating segment segment attribute information image data relating to each segment segment attribute information, the segment segment attribute information image data and the forest Selecting a thinning target area based on the land condition and creating a thinning target area image data representing the selected thinning target area. And wherein the Rukoto.

  As described above, the thinning target area selection method of the present invention extracts the subcompartment attribute information indicating the characteristics of each crown in each subcompartment sorted based on the forest present state information image data, and extracts each subcompartment extracted. The thinning target area is selected based on the attribute information and the geographical conditions of the forest. As a result, according to the method of selecting the thinning target area of the present invention, the selection of the thinning target area, which has conventionally relied on the labor and skill of the individual, should be selected objectively and appropriately from the survey target area. it can.

  Even if an area to be thinned is selected, the area to be thinned is not necessarily the entire area to be thinned. For example, in the forest management ledger established in prefectures, etc. Based on the registered forest boundary, it can also be said that only a predetermined area of the selected thinning target area is the actual thinning target area.

  (8) In the method for selecting a thinning target area of the present invention, the forest present state information image data is preferably forest present state information image data created by the forest present state information creating method described in (5). .

  As described above, by using the forest present state information image data created by the forest present state information creation method described in (5) above as the forest present state information image data, more appropriate selection of the thinning target area is performed. Can do. That is, the forest present state information image data created by the method for creating forest present state information described in (5) above is a high-accuracy obtained by classifying tree species using the spectral reflection characteristics in the sunny part of each crown. This is forest status information image data created using tree species classification image data, and is forest status information image data appropriately representing the current status of the forest. By selecting the area to be thinned using such forest status information image data, the area to be thinned can be selected more appropriately.

  (9) In the method for selecting a thinning target area of the present invention, it is preferable that the subcompartment section attribute information includes the number of tree types of crowns in the subcompartment section and the number of tree types of crowns per unit area.

  Thereby, the characteristic of each subdivision section can be expressed more appropriately. By selecting the area to be thinned based on such sub-compartment attribute information and the land condition of the forest, the actual forest situation at the present time (for example, a large canopy area, a high occupied area ratio, It is possible to select a thinning target area in consideration of the ease of thinning work (for example, close to a forest road, not so high in altitude, loose slope, etc.).

  (10) In the method for selecting a thinning target area of the present invention, it is preferable that the land condition of the forest includes a distance from the forest road of the subcompartment section, an altitude, and a slope.

  Thereby, it is possible to appropriately evaluate the ease of thinning work (for example, close to the forest road, the altitude is not so high, the slope is gentle, etc.).

  (11) A thinning target area selection system according to the present invention is a thinning target area selection system for selecting a thinning target area to be thinned based on forest present state information image data relating to a current state of a forest to be investigated, Based on the forest present state information image data, a subcompartment image data for dividing the forest into subcompartments is created, and based on the subcompartment image data and the forest present state information image data, the forest present state subcompartment image data is obtained. Forest current subcompartment image data creation section to be created, and subcompartment attribute information image data for extracting subcompartment attribute information representing the characteristics of each subcompartment and creating subcompartment attribute information image data related to each subcompartment attribute information A thinning target area is selected based on the creation unit, the subcompartment section attribute information image data, and the land condition of the forest, and the selected thinning pair And having a preparation unit thinning target area image data to create a thinning target area image data representing the area.

  The thinning target area selection system of the present invention can achieve the same effects as the thinning target area selection method. In the thinning target area selection system of the present invention, the functions of each component included in the thinning target area selection system are installed as a computer program, and predetermined data is given to each component. Thus, the functions of each component are executed on the software of the computer. Moreover, also in the selection system of the thinning object area of this invention, it is preferable to have the characteristics as described in said (9) and (10).

  Hereinafter, embodiments of the present invention will be described.

[Embodiment 1]
FIG. 1 is a diagram illustrating a configuration of a tree species classification system according to the first embodiment. As shown in FIG. 1, the tree classification system 100 according to the first embodiment includes a captured image data input unit 110, a forest area image data creation unit 120, a canopy image data creation unit 130, and a canopy information image data creation unit 140. And a tree species classification image data creation unit 150.

The photographed image data input unit 110 has a function of inputting photographed image data obtained by photographing a region including a forest to be surveyed (referred to as a survey target region) from above.
The forest area image data creation unit 120 is registered in the captured image data and the geographic information stored in the geographic information system (GIS) 500 (in this case, the forest management ledger or the like maintained in the prefecture or the like). The forest area is extracted based on the boundary data of the forest area, and the forest area image data relating to the extracted forest area is created.

The canopy image data creation unit 130 has a function of extracting each canopy included in the forest area based on the forest area image data and creating canopy image data regarding each extracted canopy.
The canopy information image data creation unit 140 is a function for extracting information on the crown, shade, and top of each canopy as canopy information based on the canopy image data, and creating canopy information image data regarding the extracted canopy information. have.
The tree species classification image data creation unit 150 creates a spectral reflection characteristic in the area defined as the sunny part of each crown based on the canopy information image data, and identifies a tree type of the crown based on the created spectral reflection characteristic It has a function to create tree species classification image data.

  In this specification, “tree canopy” refers to a portion composed of branches and leaves of individual trees when each tree constituting the forest is viewed from above. The captured image data is high-resolution image data captured by a high-resolution imaging device, and one pixel of the captured image data corresponds to an area of about several tens cm × several tens cm to 100 cm × 100 cm. And For example, if the area of one tree crown is 100 square meters and one pixel of the photographed image data corresponds to an area of 100 cm × 100 cm, the number of pixels of the photographed image data for one tree crown is 100 pixels.

  Further, in the tree species classification system shown in FIG. 1, the functions of each component included in the tree species classification system are installed as a computer program, and by giving predetermined data to each component, The functions of these components are executed on the software of the computer.

  FIG. 2 is a flowchart for explaining tree species classification processing in the tree species classification system according to the first embodiment. As shown in FIG. 2, the tree species classification process is first performed by forest area boundary data stored in the geographic information system 500 in the survey target area A obtained from the photographed image data obtained by photographing the survey target area A. Forest area boundary image data is created by superimposing (step S110). Subsequently, forest area image data for distinguishing between a forest area and a non-forest area is created based on the forest area boundary image data (step S120).

  The processes in steps S110 and S120 are performed by the forest area image data creation unit 120, and the forest area boundary image data is created by the forest area image data creation unit 120, so that the forest area corresponding to the forest area boundary image data is generated. The boundary image (see FIG. 3) can be displayed on the display, and the forest area image data (see FIG. 4) corresponding to the forest area image data is displayed by creating the forest area image data. Can be displayed above.

  FIG. 3 is a diagram showing a forest area boundary image displayed on the display. FIG. 3 is a photographed image obtained by photographing the survey target area A, and shows a state where the boundary of the forest area is superimposed on the survey target area A. In FIG. 3, the white line L1 is a boundary line of each forest area, and each area (areas denoted by reference numerals 1, 2, 3,...) Surrounded by the white line L1 is each forest area. Note that FIG. 3 shows an example in which a forest area boundary line (white line L1) is superimposed only on a part of the forest area in the survey area A. Since FIG. 3 is a monochrome image, it is difficult to identify the boundary of the forest area from FIG. 3, but in practice, the boundary of the forest area can be easily read on the original color image of FIG. .

  FIG. 4 is a diagram showing a forest area image displayed on the display. In FIG. 4, the area shown in gray in the survey target area A is the forest area B, and the area shown in white in the survey target area A is the non-forest area C. Since FIG. 4 is a monochrome image, it is difficult to read the forest area B and the non-forest area C as different colors from FIG. 4, but in actuality, on the color image that is the original of FIG. The forest area B and the non-forest area C can be read by color. In this case, since the forest area B is shown in red and purple on the original color image of FIG. 4 and the non-forest area C is shown in green, it was extracted on the color image displayed on the display. The forest area can be easily read.

  Extraction of the forest area as described above is a known technique. For example, the following known document 1 and known document 2 are known.

  Known Document 1: Masato Kato, “Understanding of Forest Current Status by Satellite Remote Sensing and Map Overlay”, The Japanese Forestry Society Hokkaido Chapter, 1991, No. 39 (separate volume), p, 117-118

  Known Document 2: Masato Kato, “Application to Todomatsu Subcombination Database by Combination Technology of Satellite Remote Sensing and GIS”, Journal of the Japanese Forestry Society, March 1993, Vol. 75 (No. 2), p, 154 to 158

  When the forest area image data is created in step S120, each canopy included in the forest area is extracted based on the forest area image data, and canopy image data relating to each extracted canopy is created (step S130). Subsequently, information such as the sunshine part, the shade part, and the tree top part for each canopy is extracted as canopy information based on the canopy image data to create canopy information image data (step S140).

  The canopy is affected by sunlight, and the shade of the sun is different from that of the sun, shade and top of the canopy. Accordingly, it is possible to classify the tree into the sun, shade and top of the tree according to the brightness value of the canopy image data. Here, a portion where the luminance value is equal to or higher than the average value is a sunburst portion, a portion where the luminance value in the crown image data is less than the average value is a shade portion, and a portion where the luminance value in the crown image data is a maximum value is the top portion As a result, crown information image data is created by subdividing each crown.

  The processing of step S130 is performed by the canopy image data creation unit 130, and the canopy image data is created by the canopy image data creation unit 130, whereby a canopy image (see FIG. 5) corresponding to the canopy image data is displayed on the display. Can be displayed. Further, the processing of step S140 is performed by the canopy information image data creation unit 140, and the canopy information image data is created by the canopy information image data creation unit 140, so that the canopy information image corresponding to the canopy information image data (FIG. 6) can be displayed on the display.

  FIG. 5 is a diagram showing a tree crown image displayed on the display. In FIG. 5, the area displayed in white as a whole corresponds to the forest area B shown in FIG. 4, and if the area displayed in white is viewed closely, a large number of white grains are gathered together. looks like. Each white grain in FIG. 5 represents each tree crown. Although shown as a monochrome image in FIG. 5, it is actually displayed on the display as a color image. According to FIG. 5, the canopy area and the non-crown area can be divided. In addition, when viewed from above, the non-crown area is a place where there is no tree of the upper tree canopy, and is a place (gap) covered with lower vegetation where there is no genital area or tree of the high tree. By integrating the number of pixels in each canopy area, the canopy area can be obtained.

  By the way, the extraction of the canopy is performed by utilizing the fact that the edge of the canopy (called the canopy edge) is darker than the canopy, and this is based on the known valley following algorithm and automatic masking. It becomes possible by processing. Further, by extracting each canopy, the area of each canopy can be obtained by integrating the pixels corresponding to each extracted canopy.

  FIG. 6 is a diagram showing a partially enlarged tree crown information image displayed on the display. As shown in FIG. 6, the tree crown information image has a different color tone depending on the sun, the shade, and the top of each tree. In other words, in FIG. 6, a certain crown T1 will be described as an example. In the crown T1, there are a sunshine portion Su, a shade portion Sh, and a treetop portion Pe.

  Since FIG. 6 is a monochrome image, it is difficult to read the sunshine portion Su, the shaded portion Sh, and the treetop portion Pe by color from FIG. 6, but actually, the color image that is the original of FIG. In the above, it is easy to read the sun portion Su, the shade portion Sh and the tree top portion Pe. In this case, in the original color image of FIG. 6, the sun portion Su is shown in pink, the shade portion Sh is shown in yellow, and the tree top portion Pe is shown in blue. Therefore, the color displayed on the display On the image, the sun portion Su, the shade portion Sh and the tree top portion Pe can be easily read.

  Next, the tree species classification image data creation unit 150 extracts the tree species for each canopy using the spectral reflection characteristics (spectral characteristics) of the sunny part of the crown, and creates tree species classification image data based on the extracted tree species. (Step S150).

  Note that the spectral reflection characteristics of the captured image data obtained by imaging the survey area A from the sky are described in the following known document 3. However, in the known document 3, the spectral reflection characteristic is obtained using the luminance value of the entire tree crown.

  Known Document 3: Masato Katoh, “Classifying tree species in a northern mixed forest using high-resolution IKONOS data”, Jour. Forestry Research 9, 2004, p. 7-14

  FIG. 7 is a diagram illustrating an example of the spectral reflection characteristics of the sunlight portion of the tree crown. In FIG. 7, the horizontal axis represents the wavelength of light, and the vertical axis represents the luminance value. Here, six kinds of trees of hinoki Co, red pine Pd, larch Lk, cedar Cj, metasequoia Mg, and broad-leaved tree Bl are used as samples, and light (waveband 1), green (band 2), and red (band 3) are used. ), Luminance values in the near infrared (band 4) are shown by line graphs.

  In FIG. 7, the luminance value is red (band 3) and decreases in all tree species, and increases in the near-infrared region (band 4). In addition, the difference in the luminance value depending on the tree species becomes larger in the near infrared region (band 4). Such a characteristic is called a spectral reflection characteristic (spectral characteristic) of the tree species, and the tree species can be specified by this spectral reflection characteristic.

  In this way, by using the spectral reflection characteristics in the sunny area, it is possible to specify the tree species with high accuracy that is unlikely to cause misclassification. Incidentally, it is known that when the spectral reflection characteristic is obtained using the luminance value of the entire tree crown, the standard deviation of the luminance value is large and misclassification is likely to occur. This is thought to be due to the fact that the crown edge, which is the shaded part of sunlight, is low in height and is susceptible to the branches and shades of adjacent trees, so it does not reflect the brightness value of pure tree species. It is done.

  The processing of step S150 is performed by the tree species classification image data creation unit 150, and the tree species classification image data is created by the tree species classification image data creation unit 150, so that the tree species classification image (corresponding to the tree species classification image data ( 8) can be displayed on the display.

  FIG. 8 is a diagram showing a tree species classification image of the entire forest area displayed on the display. Since FIG. 8 is a monochrome image, it is difficult to read each tree species by color from FIG. 8, but actually, on the color image that is the original of FIG. 8, cypress Co, red pine Pd, and larch. Since Lk, cedar Cj, metasequoia Mg, and broad-leaved tree Bl are shown by color, each of these tree species can be easily read. In this case, cypress Co is red, red pine Pd is orange, larch Lk is yellow green, cedar Cj is dark green, metasequoia Mg is yellow, and broadleaf tree Bl is gray on the original color image of FIG. .

  In addition, in the tree classification image data creation unit 150 according to the first embodiment, actually, tree classification processing is executed for each pixel (as described above, there are about 100 pixels for one tree crown), and each tree crown is executed. Then, the tree species classification for each pixel is performed (see FIG. 9), the area of the classified tree species is calculated, and the tree species having a large area is set as the tree species in the crown (see FIG. 10).

  FIG. 9 is a diagram illustrating a tree species classification result obtained by performing tree species classification for each pixel of each crown. Note that the tree species classification in FIG. 9 is the result of tree species classification with respect to the sunny area at each crown. As shown in FIG. 9, the tree species classification result obtained by classifying the tree species for each pixel in each canopy is in a state where a plurality of tree species are mixed in each canopy. For example, in FIG. 9, a certain crown T2 will be described as an example. In the crown T2, many of the pixels corresponding to the crown T2 are classified as larch (white area in FIG. 9). However, some of the pixels are classified as cedar (gray area in FIG. 9). In this way, multiple tree species are classified and mixed within one canopy because the surface of the canopy is not uniform due to the difference in branch elongation, there are small shades and differences in the amount of leaves, It is considered that there are cases where branches and leaves are mixed between adjacent tree crowns.

  Since FIG. 9 is a monochrome image, it is difficult to read each tree species by color from FIG. 9, but in reality, larch Lk and cedar Cj are easily displayed on the original color image of FIG. Can be read separately. In this case, the larch Lk is shown in yellow green and the cedar Cj is shown in dark green on the original color image of FIG.

  FIG. 10 is a diagram illustrating a tree species classification result obtained by classifying one crown as one tree species based on the tree species classification result for each pixel illustrated in FIG. 9. The process of classifying one crown as one tree type is as follows. First, in each crown, as shown in FIG. 9, the tree type is classified for each pixel, the area of the classified tree type is calculated, and the tree type having a large area is selected. The tree species in the crown. By performing such processing, each tree crown is classified as one tree species.

  Since FIG. 10 is a monochrome image, it is difficult to read each tree type for each color from FIG. 10, but actually, the tree type is easily distinguished and read on the original color image of FIG. be able to. In this case, cypress Co is shown in dark green, larch Lk in yellow, red pine Pd in red, and cedar Cj in green on the original color image of FIG. As described above, in order to perform a process of setting a tree species having a large area as a tree species in the crown, it is necessary to classify the tree species using more accurate spectral reflection characteristics. In such a tree species classification system, tree species classification is performed based on spectral reflection characteristics in a region defined as a sunny part of each crown.

  As described above, according to the tree species classification system according to the first embodiment, by performing tree species classification using the spectral reflection characteristics in the sunlight portion of each crown, it is possible to classify the tree species with high accuracy that is unlikely to cause misclassification. it can. By classifying the tree species with high accuracy, the reliability of the survey results and the evaluation results can be improved when surveying and evaluating the forest vegetation.

[Embodiment 2]
In the second embodiment, forest status information image data indicating the current status of the forest is created using the tree species classification image data obtained in the tree species classification system according to the first embodiment.

  FIG. 11 is a diagram showing a configuration of a system for creating forest status information according to the second embodiment. In addition to the tree species classification system 100 according to the first embodiment, the forest present situation information creation system 200 according to the second embodiment includes an all-tree species crown-occupied image data creation unit 210, a tree-type crown-occupied image data creation unit 220, It has a tree species crown number distribution image data creation unit 230, a tree type crown number distribution image data creation unit 240, and a forest present state information image data creation unit 250.

  The all-tree species crown occupancy image data creation unit 210 has a function of calculating the number of crowns of all tree species based on the tree species classification image data created by the tree species classification system 100, and the crown area occupancy degree of all tree species per unit area (total A tree species canopy occupancy image data based on the calculated total tree species crown area occupancy per unit area.

  The tree-type crown occupancy image data creation unit 220 has a function for calculating the number of tree-type crowns based on the tree-type classification image data created by the tree-type classification system 100, and the area occupancy of the tree type per unit area (tree type And a function of creating tree-type crown occupancy image data based on the calculated tree-type crown area occupancy per unit area.

The all tree species crown number distribution image data creation unit 230 has a function of creating all tree species crown number distribution image data per unit area based on the number of crowns of all tree species.
The tree-type crown number distribution image data creation unit 240 has a function of creating tree-type crown number distribution image data per unit area based on the number of tree-type crowns.

  The forest present state information image data creation unit 250 is configured to provide forest present state information based on tree species classification image data, all tree species canopy occupation image data, tree type canopy occupation image data, all tree species canopy number distribution image data, and tree type canopy number distribution image data. It has a function to create image data.

  In addition, in the forest present status information creation system according to the second embodiment, the functions of each component included in the forest present status information creation system are installed as a computer program, and predetermined data is stored in each component. By giving the above, the function of each component is executed on the software of the computer.

  FIG. 12 is a flowchart for explaining a forest present state information creation process in the forest present state information creation system according to the second embodiment. In the forest status information image data creation process, as shown in FIG. 12, the number of crowns of all tree species is calculated based on the tree species classification image data created by the tree species classification system 100 (step S210). Further, the total tree species crown area occupancy per unit area is calculated based on the tree species classification image data (step S220), and all tree species crown occupancy image data based on the calculated all tree species crown area occupancy is created (step S230). ).

  The processing of steps S210 to S230 is performed by the all-tree species crown occupancy image data creation unit 210, and the all-tree species crown occupancy image data creation unit 210 creates all-tree species crown occupancy image data, thereby the all-tree species crown occupancy image. An all-tree species crown occupation image (see FIG. 13) corresponding to the data can be displayed on the display.

  FIG. 13 is a diagram illustrating an all-tree species crown occupation image displayed on the display. 13 is the same area as FIG. In FIG. 13, the white area indicates the crown occupation area of all tree species in the forest area shown in FIG. 4, and it can be seen that the crowns of all tree species exist in the entire forest area shown in FIG. 4.

  Next, the number of tree crowns is calculated based on the tree classification image data created by the tree classification system 100 (step S240). Further, a tree type crown area occupancy per unit area is calculated based on the tree type classification image data (step S250), and tree type crown occupancy image data based on the calculated tree type crown area occupancy is created (step S260). ).

  The processing in steps S240 to S260 is performed by the tree-type crown occupancy image data creation unit 220, and the tree-type crown occupancy image data creation unit 220 creates the tree-type crown occupancy image data. A tree-type crown occupancy image (see FIG. 14) corresponding to the data can be displayed on the display.

  FIG. 14 is a diagram illustrating a tree-type crown occupation image displayed on the display. 14 is the same area as FIG. FIG. 14 shows the occupancy degree of cypress as a tree species, and the area shown in white in FIG. 10 shows the occupancy area of cypress in the forest area shown in FIG.

  Next, all-tree species crown number distribution image data per unit area is created from the number of crowns of all tree species (step S270). The processing of step S27 is performed by the all-tree species crown number distribution image data creation unit 230, and the all-tree species crown number distribution image data creation unit 230 creates all-tree species crown number distribution image data, whereby the number of all-tree species crowns is calculated. An all-tree species crown distribution image (see FIG. 15) corresponding to the distribution image data can be displayed on the display.

  FIG. 15 is a diagram showing an image of the distribution of the number of crowns of all tree species displayed on the display. 15 is the same area as FIG. 15 indicates the crown number distribution of all tree species in the forest area shown in FIG. 4, and it can be seen that the crowns of all tree species exist at high density in the entire forest area shown in FIG.

  Next, tree-type crown number distribution image data per unit area is created from the number of tree-type crowns (step S280). The processing in step S280 is performed by the tree-type crown number distribution image data creation unit 240, and the tree-type crown number distribution image data creation unit 240 creates the tree-type crown number distribution image data. A tree-type crown number distribution image (see FIG. 16) corresponding to the distribution image data can be displayed on the display.

  FIG. 16 is a diagram illustrating a tree-type crown number distribution image displayed on the display. The survey target area A in FIG. 16 is the same as FIG. FIG. 16 shows the crown distribution of cypress trees as tree species, and cypress is present evenly, but it can be seen that it exists in a predetermined region B1 in the forest area B at a high density.

  Next, tree species classification image data obtained by the tree species classification system 100 according to the first embodiment, all tree species crown occupancy image data, tree type crown occupancy image data obtained by the forest status information creation system 200 according to the second embodiment. Forest current state information image data representing the current state division information of the forest is created based on the total tree species tree crown number distribution image data and the tree type tree crown number distribution image data (step S290). The processing in step S290 is performed by the forest present state information image data creating unit 250, and the forest present state information image data is created by the forest present state information image data creating unit 250, whereby the forest present state information image data corresponding to the forest present state information image data is created. An information image (see FIG. 17) can be displayed on the display.

  When creating forest status information image data, use tree height image data of the same resolution obtained by laser profiler and photo interpretation, all tree species crown area area image data, tree type tree area area image data, all tree species crown The difference in tree height from the tree height image data may be used in addition to the number distribution image data and the tree type tree number distribution image data.

  FIG. 17 is a diagram showing a forest present state information image displayed on the display. Since FIG. 17 is a monochrome image, it is difficult to read the tree species by color from FIG. 17, but actually, on the original color image of FIG. 17, cypress Co, red pine Pd, larch Lk, cedar Since Cj and the like are indicated by color, each of these tree species can be easily read. In this case, the cypress Co is red, the red pine Pd is orange, the larch Lk is yellow green, and the cedar Cj is dark green on the original color image in FIG.

  When creating the forest present state information image data, here, it is assumed that processing is performed such that a region having an area smaller than a certain area is incorporated into an adjacent region having a large area, and FIG. 17 is smaller than the certain area. The results show that the area having the area is incorporated into the adjacent area having a large area. According to the forest present state information image shown in FIG. 17, it is possible to appropriately grasp the present state of the forest.

  Further, the order of processing in the flowchart shown in FIG. 12 is not limited to the order shown in FIG. For example, in FIG. 12, after the creation of all-tree species crown occupation image data (step S230) and the creation of tree-type crown occupation image data (step S260), creation of all-tree species crown number distribution image data (step S270) and creation of tree-type crown number distribution image data (step S280), but not limited to this, creation of all-tree species crown number distribution image data after the creation of all-tree species crown image data After that, the tree-type tree crown image data is created, and the tree-type tree crown number distribution image data is created. Further, the calculation of the number of crowns of all tree species (step S210) may be performed immediately before the generation of all-tree species crown number distribution image data (step S270), and similarly, the calculation of the number of tree types of crowns (step S240). May be immediately before the creation of tree-type crown number distribution image data (step S280).

[Embodiment 3]
The third embodiment selects an area (thinning target area) to be thinned based on the forest present situation information image data created by the forest present situation information creation system 200 according to the second embodiment. In addition, although the forest present condition image information data can use the general forest present condition information image data in an investigation object area, in Embodiment 3, the forest present condition information which concerns on Embodiment 2 as forest present condition information image data is used. It is assumed that the forest present state image data created in the information creation system is used.

  FIG. 18 is a diagram illustrating a configuration of a thinning target area selection system according to the third embodiment. The thinning target area selection system 300 according to the second embodiment includes a forest present state subcompartment image data creation unit 310 and a subcompartment segment attribute information image data creation unit 320 in addition to the forest present state information creation system 200 according to the second embodiment. And a thinning target area image data creation unit 330.

  The forest present state subcompartment image data creation unit 310 divides the forest into closed polygon (polygon) subcompartments based on the forest present state information image data created by the forest present state information creation system 200. It has a function of creating image data and creating forest present state subcompartment image data in which the subcompartment block image data is superimposed on the forest present state information image (see FIG. 17).

  The sub-compartment attribute information image data creation unit 320 superimposes the current forest sub-compartment image data on the tree species classification image data (see FIG. 8), thereby obtaining attribute information (number of crowns of each crown, per unit area) of each sub-compartment. (Information representing the characteristics of each crown, such as the number of tree crowns, crown radius, and crown area), and a function of creating subgroup attribute information image data relating to the attribute information of each extracted subsection.

  The thinning target area image data creation unit 330 is a thinning target based on the subcompartment attribute information image data and the geographical information stored in the GIS 500 (in this case, information on forest roads, contour lines, location factors, etc. in the forest area). It has a function of selecting an area and creating thinning target area image data representing the selected thinning target area.

  Note that the thinning target area selection system according to the third embodiment is configured such that the functions of each component included in the thinning target area selection system are installed as a computer program, and predetermined data is stored in each component. By giving the above, the function of each component is executed on the software of the computer.

  FIG. 19 is a flowchart for explaining a thinning target area selection process in the thinning target area selection system according to the third embodiment. In the thinning target area selection processing, as shown in FIG. 19, first, based on the forest present state information image (see FIG. 17) created by the forest present state information creating system 200 according to the second embodiment, the forest present state subcompartment section image Data is created (step S310). The forest present state subcompartment image data is created by superimposing the subcompartment contour image for dividing the forest area into closed polygon (polygonal) subcompartments on the forest present state information image (see FIG. 17). Can do. The processing in step S310 is performed by the forest present state subcompartment image data creation unit 310, and the forest present state subcompartment image data creation unit 310 creates the forest present state subcompartment image data, thereby corresponding to the forest present state subcompartment image data. The current forest subcompartment section image (see FIG. 20) can be displayed on the display.

  FIG. 20 is a diagram showing an image of the current forest subdivision section displayed on the display. Since FIG. 20 is a monochrome image, it is difficult to read a plurality of segment sections formed of closed polygons (polygons) from FIG. 20, but in reality, the color image that is the original of FIG. Above, tree species that are one of the current forest conditions are shown by color (hinoki Co is red, red pine Pd is orange, larch Lk is yellow green, cedar Cj is dark green, etc.), and the areas of each tree type Since the outline image of the segment area surrounding the segment is indicated by a white line, the segment area can be easily read on the original color image of FIG.

  Next, attribute information (number of crowns, number of crowns per unit area, crown radius, crown area) representing the characteristics of each of the small plots by superimposing the forest present subcompartment image data on the tree classification image data (see FIG. 8). Etc.), and subgroup section attribute information image data relating to the extracted attribute information of each subsection section is created (step S320). The processing in step S320 is performed by the subcompartment segment attribute information image data creation unit 320, and the subcompartment segment attribute information image data creation unit 320 creates the subcompartment segment attribute information image data, thereby corresponding to the subcompartment segment attribute information image data. The segment segment attribute information image (see FIG. 21) to be displayed can be displayed on the display.

  FIG. 21 is a diagram showing a segment segment attribute information image displayed on the display. Since FIG. 21 is a monochrome image, it is difficult to read the outline images and the tree species of each subcompartment from FIG. 21, but in actuality, each subcompartment section is displayed on the original color image of FIG. Since the contour image and tree species of each crown (Hinoki Co, Pinus Pd, Larch Lk, Sugi Cj, Metasequoia Mg, Broadleaf B1) are shown by color, each subcompartment information and each tree type can be easily read. . In this case, in the original color image of FIG. 21, each subdivision is indicated by a white line, cypress Co as the tree species of each crown is red, red pine Pd is orange, larch Lk is yellow green, and cedar Cj is dark green. Metasequoia Mg is shown in yellow and hardwood Bl is shown in gray.

  FIG. 22 is a diagram showing an enlarged image of the region D in FIG. In FIG. 22, among the plurality of sub-compartments included in the region D, here, attention is paid to sub-compartments with numbers 1 to 5 (referred to as section numbers). Consider the attribute information of all tree species and the tree type (referred to as cypress) in the sub-compartment. In FIG. 22 and FIG. 23 to be described next, the partition numbers 1 to 5 are indicated by numbers surrounded by circles.

  FIG. 23 is a diagram showing attribute information extracted from each subdivision block. In FIG. 23, when looking at the subdivision section of section number 1, the subcompartment section of section number 1 has a large number of crowns of all tree species per unit area (1 ha), a small crown radius and crown area, and a large number of cypress trees. I understand. Similarly, the attribute information of all tree species and the attribute information of the tree type can be extracted in the subdivision sections of the section numbers 2 to 5 (see FIG. 23).

In FIG. 23, “total” is the sum of the number of crowns and the number of crowns / h, and is the sum of the number of crowns and the number of crowns / h obtained in section numbers 1 to 5, and the crown diameter and the crown area are as follows. The average value of the canopy diameter and the average value of the canopy area obtained from the division numbers 1 to 5.

  Next, land condition image data for performing evaluation as a thinning target area is created (step S330). In other words, in order to make a thinning plan, in addition to the attribute information of each subcompartment, the land condition indicating the ease of thinning work (including the ease of carrying out felled trees) (distance from forest road, elevation) , Tilt etc.). Therefore, land condition image data for evaluation as a thinning target area is created. The processing in step S330 is performed by the thinning target area image data creation unit 330, and the thinning target area image data creation unit 330 creates the land condition condition image data, whereby the land condition condition image corresponding to the land condition condition image data ( FIG. 24) can be displayed on the display.

  FIG. 24 is a diagram showing a land condition image displayed on the display. FIG. 24 is a general example of a land condition image for explaining the distance from the forest road, which is one of the land conditions, and is different from the survey area A (see FIG. 3) in each embodiment of the present invention. .

  Note that since FIG. 24 is a monochrome image, it is difficult to read the forest road and the distance from the forest road by color from FIG. 24, but in reality, the forest road on the original color image of FIG. Since the distance from the forest road is indicated by color, the distance from the forest road and the forest road can be easily read. In this case, in the original color image of FIG. 24, the forest road is shown in brown, the region where the distance d from the forest road is “d ≦ 50 m” is shown in orange, and the distance d from the forest road is “50 m”. The region <d ≦ 100 m ”is shown in yellow.

  Next, from the geographical information stored in the geographic information system (GIS) 500 (in this case, forest roads, contour lines, etc.), the land conditions (distance from the forest road, elevation, slope, etc.) Combined with subcompartment attribute information, numerical modeling of the height of the evaluation value as a thinning target area (for example, close to the forest road, gentle slope, large crown area, high occupied area ratio, large number of standing trees, etc.) The thinned evaluation modeled image data is created (step S340). The processing in step S340 is also performed by the thinning target area image data creation unit 330, and the thinning evaluation modeled image data is created by the thinning target area image data creation unit 330, thereby corresponding to the thinning evaluation modeled image data. A thinning evaluation modeled image (see FIG. 25) can be displayed on the display.

  FIG. 25 is a diagram illustrating an example of a thinning evaluation modeled image displayed on the display. FIG. 25 is a general image example for explaining an example of the thinning evaluation modeled image, and is an image of an area different from the survey target area A (see FIG. 3) in the embodiment of the present invention.

  As an example of the thinning evaluation model image, as shown in FIG. 25, (a) an elevation image, (b) a tilt image, (c) a slope orientation image, (d) a location factor image indicating a land condition condition, and the like, (E) Cross-tabulation is performed from the comparison with the forest present state information image, and numerical modeling is performed, and (f) a thinning target selection image is created. Since FIG. 25 is a monochrome image, from FIG. 25, (a) an altitude image, (b) an inclined image, (c) a slope orientation image, (d) a land-use image, (e) a forest status information image, and (f) Although it is difficult to identify the thinning target selection images, in reality, on the color image that is the original of FIG. 25, these (a) elevation image, (b) tilt image, (c) slope orientation image, (D) A land image, (e) a forest status information image, and (f) a thinning target selection image can be easily identified.

  In addition, the technique which produces thinning evaluation modeling image data is described in the following well-known document 4. However, in the thinning target area selection system according to each embodiment of the present invention, the photographed image data obtained by photographing the forest area from the sky is high-resolution photographed image data. Is different in that it uses non-high resolution satellite data.

  Known Document 4: Masato Kato, “Evaluation and Modeling of Forest Using Satellite Remote Sensing and GIS”, Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing, 1991, Vol. 30, no. 6

  Next, thinning target area selection image data for selecting an area to be thinned (thinning target area) based on the thinning evaluation model image data is created (step S350). The processing of step S350 is also performed by the thinning target area image data creation unit 330, and the thinning target area image data creation unit 330 creates thinning target area selection image data, thereby corresponding to the thinning target area selection image data. A thinning target area selection image (see FIG. 26) can be displayed on the display.

  FIG. 26 is a diagram showing a thinning target area selection image displayed on the display. In FIG. 26, the outline of the small segment selected as the thinning target area is distinguished from the outline of the other small segments. Since FIG. 26 is a monochrome image, from FIG. 26, it is difficult to distinguish the outline of the subdivision section indicating the thinning target area from the outlines of the other subsection sections. In the upper color image, the outline of the subdivision section indicating the thinning target area is shown in red, so that the thinning target area can be easily known.

  Further, the thinning target area shown in FIG. 26 is the subdivision section of section number 1 in FIG. In this way, the reason why the subcompartment with the division number 1 is selected as the thinning target area is that the evaluation value as the thinning target area such as the ease of thinning is high (for example, close to the forest road, the slope is gentle, This is a result of taking into account the large crown area, high occupation area ratio, and the number of standing trees.

  Note that even if a thinning target area is selected as shown in FIG. 26, the area to be actually thinned is not necessarily the entire thinning target area selected as shown in FIG. 26. For example, prefectures, etc. Based on the registered forest boundaries (see, for example, Fig. 3), such as the forest management ledger, etc., only within a predetermined area of the entire thinning target area selected as shown in Fig. 26 May be the actual thinning target area.

  As described above, according to the thinning target area selection system according to the third embodiment, the thinning target area that has conventionally relied on the labor and skill of individuals is objective and appropriate from the survey target area A. Can be selected. For example, if a thinning evaluation model image is created for the survey target area A shown in FIG. 4, objectively and appropriately selecting which area should be selected as the thinning target area in the survey target area A shown in FIG. 4. Can do.

  The present invention is not limited to the above-described embodiment, and various modifications can be made without departing from the spirit of the present invention. For example, in the thinning target area selection system 300 according to the third embodiment, the case where the forest present state image data created in the forest present state creation system 200 according to the second embodiment is used as the forest present state information image data is illustrated. As the forest present state image data, other general forest present state image data may be used.

It is a figure which shows the structure of the tree classification system which concerns on Embodiment 1. FIG. It is a flowchart explaining the tree classification process in the tree classification system concerning Embodiment 1. FIG. It is a figure ground which shows the forest area boundary image displayed on the display. It is a figure which shows the forest area image displayed on the display. It is a figure which shows the tree crown image displayed on the display. It is a figure which expands and shows the tree crown information image displayed on the display partially. It is a figure which shows an example of the spectral reflection characteristic of the sunlight part of a tree crown. It is a figure which shows the tree classification image of the whole forest area displayed on the display. It is a figure which shows the tree species classification result which performed tree species classification for every pixel of each crown displayed on the display. It is a figure which shows the tree species classification result which classified one crown as one tree species based on the tree species classification result for every pixel shown in FIG. It is a figure which shows the structure of the preparation system of the forest present condition information which concerns on Embodiment 2. FIG. 10 is a flowchart for explaining forest present state information creation in the forest present state information creating system according to the second embodiment. It is a figure which shows the whole tree species tree crown occupation image displayed on the display. It is a figure which shows the tree classification tree occupation image displayed on the display. It is a figure which shows the whole tree species tree crown number distribution image displayed on the display. It is a figure which shows the tree classification tree number distribution image displayed on the display. It is a figure which shows the forest present condition information image displayed on the display. It is a figure which shows the structure of the selection system of the thinning object area which concerns on Embodiment 3. FIG. It is a flowchart explaining the thinning object area selection process in the selection system of the thinning object area which concerns on Embodiment 3. FIG. It is a figure which shows the forest present condition small block division image displayed on the display. It is a figure which shows the small segment division attribute information image displayed on the display. It is a figure which shows the enlarged image of the area | region D in FIG. It is a figure which shows the attribute information extracted from each subdivision block. It is a figure which shows the land condition image displayed on the display. It is a figure which shows an example of the thinning evaluation modeled image displayed on the display. It is a figure which shows the thinning object area selection image displayed on the display.

Explanation of symbols

  DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 100 ... Tree kind classification system, 110 ... Shooting image data input part, 120 ... Forest area image data creation part, 130 ... Tree crown image data creation part, 140 ... Tree crown information image data creation part, 150 ... Tree species classification image data creation unit, 200 ... Forest status information creation system, 210 ... All tree species crown occupation image data creation unit, 220 ... Tree type crown occupation image data creation unit, 230 .. All tree species crown number distribution image data creation unit, 240 ... Tree type crown number distribution image data creation unit, 250 ... Forest status information image data creation unit, 300 ... Thinning target area selection system, 310 ... Forest present state subcompartment section image data creation section, 320 ... Subcompartment section attribute information image data creation section, 330 ... Thinning target area image data creation section, 500 ... Geography Information system (GIS), A ... Survey area, B ... Forest area, C ... Non-forest area, R ... Forest road, Pe ... Top of tree, Su ... Hyuga part, Sh: Shade, T1, T2: Crown

Claims (11)

Included in the forest area using the forest area image data regarding the forest area extracted based on the captured image data obtained by photographing the area including the forest to be surveyed from the sky and the geographical information of the forest A tree species classification method for classifying each tree by type,
Extracting each canopy included in the forest area based on the forest area image data, and creating canopy image data relating to each canopy;
Extracting information including the sunny part of each canopy based on the canopy image data as canopy information, and creating canopy information image data relating to the canopy information;
Creating a spectral reflection characteristic in a region defined as a sunny part of each canopy based on the canopy information image data, identifying a tree type of the canopy based on the spectral reflection characteristic, and creating tree species classification image data; ,
A tree species classification method characterized by comprising: The tree species classification method according to claim 1,
A tree species classification method characterized in that the sunny part of each canopy is extracted based on the brightness value in the canopy image data, and the sunny part is a place where the brightness value is equal to or greater than a predetermined value in the canopy. The tree species classification method according to claim 1 or 2,
When a plurality of tree species are extracted from each canopy, the respective occupied area of the plurality of tree species extracted from each canopy is calculated for each tree species, and a tree species having a large occupied area is regarded as the tree species of the crown. Characteristic tree classification method. Included in the forest area using the forest area image data regarding the forest area extracted based on the captured image data obtained by photographing the area including the forest to be surveyed from the sky and the geographical information of the forest A tree classification system for classifying each tree type,
Extracting each canopy included in the forest area based on the forest area image data, creating a canopy image data creation unit for creating canopy image data relating to each canopy;
Information including the sunny part of each canopy based on the canopy image data is extracted as canopy information, and a canopy information image data creating unit for creating canopy information image data related to the canopy information;
A tree species classification that creates spectral reflection characteristics in a region that is the sunny part of each crown based on the canopy information image data, and identifies tree species of the crown based on the spectral reflection characteristics and creates tree classification image data An image data creation unit;
A tree species classification system characterized by comprising: Forests related to the current state of the forest by using forest image data relating to the forest area extracted based on the photographed image data obtained by photographing the area including the forest to be surveyed from above and the geographical information of the forest A method for creating forest status information for creating status information,
Extracting each canopy included in the forest area based on the forest area image data, and creating canopy image data relating to each canopy;
Extracting information including the sunny part of each canopy based on the canopy image data as canopy information, and creating canopy information image data relating to the canopy information;
Creating a spectral reflection characteristic in a region defined as a sunny part of each canopy based on the canopy information image data, identifying a tree type of the canopy based on the spectral reflection characteristic, and creating tree species classification image data; ,
Calculating the total tree species crown area occupancy per unit area based on the tree species classification image data, and creating all tree species crown occupancy image data based on the total tree species crown area occupancy;
Calculating a tree-type crown area occupancy per unit area based on the tree-type classification image data, and creating tree-type crown occupancy image data based on the tree-type crown area occupancy;
Creating all tree species crown number distribution image data per unit area from the number of tree crowns calculated based on the tree species classification image data;
Creating tree-type crown number distribution image data per unit area from the number of tree-type crowns calculated based on the tree-type classification image data;
Forest present state information on forest present state information based on the all tree species crown occupation image data, the tree type crown occupation image data, the all tree species crown number distribution image data, the tree type crown number distribution image data, and the tree species classification image data Creating image data;
A method for creating forest status information, characterized by comprising: Forests related to the current state of the forest by using forest image data relating to the forest area extracted based on the photographed image data obtained by photographing the area including the forest to be surveyed from above and the geographical information of the forest A system for creating forest status information for creating current status information,
Extracting each canopy included in the forest area based on the forest area image data, creating a canopy image data creation unit for creating canopy image data relating to each canopy;
Information including the sunny part of each canopy based on the canopy image data is extracted as canopy information, and a canopy information image data creating unit for creating canopy information image data related to the canopy information;
A tree species classification that creates spectral reflection characteristics in a region that is the sunny part of each crown based on the canopy information image data, and identifies tree species of the crown based on the spectral reflection characteristics and creates tree classification image data An image data creation unit;
A function for calculating the number of crowns of all tree species based on the tree species classification image data, calculating the total tree species crown area occupancy per unit area, and creating all tree species crown occupancy image data based on the total tree species crown area occupancy An all-tree species crown occupancy image data creation unit having a function to
A function for calculating the number of crowns of a tree type based on the tree type classification image data and a tree type canopy area occupancy per unit area, and creating tree type canopy occupancy image data based on the tree type canopy area occupancy A tree-type crown occupancy image data creation unit having a function to
A total tree species crown number distribution image data creation unit for creating all tree species crown number distribution image data per unit area from the number of crowns of all tree species;
Tree-type crown number distribution image data creation unit for creating tree-type crown number distribution image data per unit area from the number of tree-type crowns;
Forest present state information on forest present state information based on the all tree species crown occupation image data, the tree type crown occupation image data, the all tree species crown number distribution image data, the tree type crown number distribution image data, and the tree species classification image data Forest status information image data creation section that creates image data;
A system for creating forest status information, characterized by comprising: A method of selecting a thinning target area, which selects a thinning target area to be thinned based on image data of the forest present state information regarding the current state of the forest to be investigated,
Based on the forest present state information image data, a subcompartment image data for dividing the forest into subcompartments is created, and based on the subcompartment image data and the forest present state information image data, the forest present state subcompartment image data The steps of creating
Extracting the subcompartment section attribute information representing the characteristics of each subcompartment section, creating subcompartment section attribute information image data related to each subsection section attribute information;
Selecting a thinning target area based on the subdivision section attribute information image data and the land condition of the forest, and creating thinning target area image data representing the selected thinning target area;
The selection method of the thinning target area characterized by having. In the selection method of the thinning object area of Claim 7,
The method for selecting a thinning target area, wherein the forest present state information image data is forest present state information image data created by the forest present state information creating method according to claim 5. In the selection method of the thinning object area of Claim 7 or 8,
The method of selecting a thinning target area, wherein the sub-compartment attribute information includes the number of tree-type crowns in the sub-compartment and the number of tree-type crowns per unit area. In the selection method of the thinning object area in any one of Claims 7-9,
The method for selecting a thinning target area, wherein the land condition of the forest includes a distance, an altitude, and a slope from the forest road of the subcompartment. A system for selecting a thinning target area for selecting a thinning target area to be thinned based on image data of the forest present state information regarding the current state of the forest to be investigated,
Based on the forest present state information image data, a subcompartment image data for dividing the forest into subcompartments is created, and based on the subcompartment image data and the forest present state information image data, the forest present state subcompartment image data Forest current subcompartment block image data creation section to create,
Extracting subdivision section attribute information representing the characteristics of each subsection section, and generating subgroup section attribute information image data related to each subsection section attribute information.
A thinning target area image data for creating a thinning target area image data representing a selected thinning target area, selecting a thinning target area based on the subdivision section attribute information image data and the land condition of the forest,
A system for selecting areas to be thinned, characterized by comprising: