JP2010065005A - Method for controlling pathogenesis of phytophthora rot - Google Patents
Method for controlling pathogenesis of phytophthora rot Download PDFInfo
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- JP2010065005A JP2010065005A JP2008235039A JP2008235039A JP2010065005A JP 2010065005 A JP2010065005 A JP 2010065005A JP 2008235039 A JP2008235039 A JP 2008235039A JP 2008235039 A JP2008235039 A JP 2008235039A JP 2010065005 A JP2010065005 A JP 2010065005A
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Abstract
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本発明は、茎疫病の発病抑制技術に関する。 The present invention relates to a technique for suppressing the onset of stem blight.
ダイズ茎疫病は病原菌ファイトフィソラ ソージャ(Phytophthora sojae)によって引き起こされる土壌伝染性の難防除病害で、近年では全国の水田転換畑や不耕起栽培地域を中心に発生が増加傾向にある。茎疫病に罹病した株は枯死して収穫不能となるため、被害額は黒大豆だけでも6.8億円(兵庫県)といわれている。そのため、ダイズ茎疫病の防除技術
が求められている。
Soybean stem blight is a soil-borne, difficult-to-control disease caused by the pathogen Phytophthora sojae. In recent years, the incidence is increasing mainly in paddy field conversion fields and non-tillage cultivation areas throughout the country. Strains that suffer from stem blight have died and cannot be harvested, so the amount of damage is said to be 680 million yen (Hyogo Prefecture) for black soybeans alone. Therefore, there is a demand for a technique for controlling soybean stem blight.
そうした中で、カルシウムが茎疫病に効果があることが、Journal of Phytopathology 153,536-543(2005)に報告されている。
非特許文献１に開示されているとおりカルシウムが茎疫病に効果があることは知られるものの、カルシウムの施用方法、施用時期、好適なカルシウム資材などに関して具体的な提示はなされていない。特に、感染後の対策については農家が実施できるほどに具体化されてはいなかった。 As disclosed in Non-Patent Document 1, although it is known that calcium is effective for pesticidal diseases, no specific presentation has been made regarding calcium application method, application time, suitable calcium material, and the like. In particular, post-infection measures have not been so specific that farmers can implement them.
請求項１記載の茎疫病の発病抑制方法は、ダイズ又はアズキに、カルシウム濃度が０．４ｍＭ以上の水溶液を灌水処理することを特徴とする。
ダイズ又はアズキに灌水処理する水溶液のカルシウム濃度は、０．４ｍＭ以上であれば本発明の目的すなわち茎疫病の発病を抑制できる。
The method for suppressing the onset of stem plague according to claim 1 is characterized by irrigating soybean or azuki bean with an aqueous solution having a calcium concentration of 0.4 mM or more.
If the calcium concentration of the aqueous solution to be irrigated with soybean or azuki bean is 0.4 mM or more, the object of the present invention, that is, the onset of the stem rot can be suppressed.
なお、灌水処理の効果（茎疫病の発病抑制効果）はカルシウム濃度が高濃度である方が良好になるが、ある程度以上になると更に高濃度にしても効果に変わりがないし、カルシウム資材によっては薬害を生じるおそれがあるので、２０ｍＭ以下、より実用的には１０ｍＭ以上、１５ｍＭ以下が好ましい。 In addition, the effect of irrigation treatment (the effect of inhibiting the occurrence of stem plague) is better when the calcium concentration is higher, but if it exceeds a certain level, the effect does not change even if the concentration is higher, and depending on the calcium material, there is no phytotoxicity 20 mM or less, more practically 10 mM or more and 15 mM or less is preferable.
水溶液中のカルシウムは、例えば２成分の反応にて生成させてもよいが、請求項２記載のように前記カルシウムは水溶性のカルシウム塩に由来する構成、すなわち水溶液のカルシウム源を水溶性のカルシウム塩にするとよい。 Calcium in the aqueous solution may be generated, for example, by a reaction of two components. As described in claim 2, the calcium is derived from a water-soluble calcium salt, that is, the calcium source of the aqueous solution is used as the water-soluble calcium. It is better to use salt.
水溶性のカルシウム塩としては、塩化カルシウム、硝酸カルシウムなどの無機酸カルシウム、蟻酸カルシウム、酢酸カルシウム、プロピオン酸カルシウムなどの有機酸カルシウムが例示される。水溶性のカルシウム塩は１種類を用いても複数種類を併用してもよい。 Examples of the water-soluble calcium salt include inorganic acid calcium such as calcium chloride and calcium nitrate, and organic acid calcium such as calcium formate, calcium acetate and calcium propionate. One type of water-soluble calcium salt may be used, or a plurality of types may be used in combination.
但し、水溶液にしたときのｐＨが中性〜弱酸性であることが植物にとって好ましいので、この条件を考慮すると請求項３記載の有機酸カルシウムが優れている。そうした有機酸カルシウムの中でもカルボン酸カルシウムが好ましく、特に蟻酸カルシウムは水溶液（１０％溶液）のｐＨ値がほぼ７で、例えば５００〜１００００倍程度に希釈して用いれば事実上中性と言えるのできわめて好適である。 However, since it is preferable for plants that the pH of the aqueous solution is neutral to weakly acidic, the organic acid calcium according to claim 3 is excellent in consideration of this condition. Among such organic acid calciums, calcium carboxylate is preferable, and especially calcium formate has a pH value of about 7 in an aqueous solution (10% solution), and can be said to be practically neutral if used diluted, for example, about 500 to 10,000 times. Is preferred.
灌水処理はカルシウムを植物体（ダイズ又はアズキ）に取り込ませるための処理である
から、例えば株元に灌水して根から吸収させればよいし、葉面などに散布して吸収させてもよい。
Since the irrigation treatment is a treatment for incorporating calcium into the plant body (soybean or azuki bean), for example, it may be irrigated to the root of the plant and absorbed from the root, or may be sprayed on the leaf surface and absorbed. .
そうした灌水処理は、例えば１回だけでは十分な効果を期待できないので、複数回の灌水処理を行うのが望ましい。また複数回の灌水処理を行うとしても、その間隔が開きすぎては十分な効果を期待できないので、例えば２〜３日おき程度で３回以上行うのが望ましい。 Such an irrigation treatment cannot be expected to have a sufficient effect, for example, so that it is desirable to perform irrigation treatment multiple times. Even if irrigation is performed a plurality of times, a sufficient effect cannot be expected if the interval is too wide. For example, it is desirable to perform the irrigation treatment three times or more about every two to three days.
また、灌水処理は感染が発見されたならできるだけ早期に行うのが好ましく、或いは感染前（発見前に）に予防的に行ってもよい。予防的に行う場合、初生葉確認後から定植まで実施するのが望ましい。 Moreover, it is preferable to perform the irrigation treatment as early as possible if an infection is found, or it may be carried out prophylactically before infection (before detection). When performing preventive, it is desirable to carry out from the confirmation of primary leaves until planting.
次に、本発明の実施例等により発明の実施の形態を説明する。なお、本発明は下記の実施例等に限定されるものではなく、本発明の要旨を逸脱しない範囲でさまざまに実施できることは言うまでもない。
［実施例］
（１）カルシウム資材
本実施例ではカルシウム源として蟻酸カルシウムを使用した。蟻酸カルシウムを希釈して水溶液を調製した場合、そのカルシウム濃度（ｍＭ）と希釈倍率との関係は表１に示す通りである。
Next, embodiments of the present invention will be described based on examples of the present invention. The present invention is not limited to the following examples and the like, and it goes without saying that the present invention can be implemented in various ways without departing from the gist of the present invention.
[Example]
(1) Calcium material In this example, calcium formate was used as a calcium source. When an aqueous solution is prepared by diluting calcium formate, the relationship between the calcium concentration (mM) and the dilution ratio is as shown in Table 1.
（２）土壌施用試験（含菌培地接種法）
試験方法：プラスティックセルトレイにバーミュキュライトを入れ、大豆（丹波黒）を播種した。播種後７日目に予め調製しておいた蟻酸カルシウムの水溶液(カルシウム濃度は
０．４ｍＭ，１０ｍＭ、無処理区は０ｍＭ)にて、下記の１区〜５区にて１週間湛水条件
下においた。菌はレースＥ（兵庫）を使用し、接種方法は含菌培地接種法とした。
１区．蒸留水でダイズを育て、菌を接種後、そのまま放置。
２区．蒸留水でダイズを育て、菌を接種後１日目に１０ｍＭの蟻酸カルシウム処理。
３区．０．４ｍＭの蟻酸カルシウムでダイズを育て、菌を接種後、そのまま放置。
４区．０．４ｍＭの蟻酸カルシウムでダイズを育て、菌を接種後１日目に１０ｍＭの蟻酸カルシウム処理。
５区．１０ｍＭの蟻酸カルシウムでダイズを育てた。
結果：表２の通りとなった。すなわち、接種２０日目の発病株率は、無処理区（１区）９３．３％に対して、２区（蒸留水＋蟻酸カルシウム１０ｍＭ処理区）６２％、３区（蟻酸カルシウム０．４ｍＭ処理区）１９％、４区（蟻酸カルシウム０．４ｍＭ＋蟻酸カルシウム１０ｍＭ処理区）１０％、５区（蟻酸カルシウム１０ｍＭ処理区）５％であった。
(2) Soil application test (bacteria-containing medium inoculation method)
Test method: Vermiculite was put in a plastic cell tray, and soybean (Tamba black) was sown. Seven days after sowing, an aqueous solution of calcium formate prepared in advance (calcium concentration is 0.4 mM, 10 mM, untreated group is 0 mM), in the following 1st to 5th submerged conditions for 1 week. Scented. The fungus used was Race E (Hyogo), and the inoculation method was the inoculation method of the microbial medium.
1st district. Grow soybeans with distilled water, inoculate the fungus, and leave it as it is.
2 wards. Soybeans are grown in distilled water and treated with 10 mM calcium formate on the first day after inoculation with bacteria.
3 wards. Grow soybeans with 0.4 mM calcium formate, inoculate with fungus, and leave as it is.
4 wards. Soybeans were grown with 0.4 mM calcium formate and treated with 10 mM calcium formate on the first day after inoculation with bacteria.
5 wards. Soybeans were grown on 10 mM calcium formate.
Result: As shown in Table 2. That is, the pathogenic strain rate on the 20th day of inoculation was 2% (distilled water + calcium formate 10 mM treated) 62%, 3 (calcium formate 0.4 mM), compared to 93.3% in the untreated group (1). Treatment area) 19%, 4 area (calcium formate 0.4 mM + calcium formate 10 mM treatment area) 10%, 5 area (calcium formate 10 mM treatment area) 5%.
以上の結果から、菌接種後１日以内においてもカルシウムを含んだ水溶液を処理することで、茎疫病に対する抵抗性増強効果が確認できた。ただし、菌接種前に充分なカルシウ
ムを施用していない場合（２区）では、カルシウム追肥の発病抑制効果は低くなった。
From the above results, it was possible to confirm the effect of enhancing the resistance to stem blight by treating the aqueous solution containing calcium even within 1 day after the inoculation of the bacteria. However, in the case where sufficient calcium was not applied before the bacterial inoculation (district 2), the disease inhibition effect of calcium topdressing was low.
（３）ポット試験
試験方法：市販のポットに田土を入れ、大豆を播種した。８月上旬から９月上旬にかけて茎疫病が自然発生した後、直ちに、感染部位近くに１５ｍＭの蟻酸カルシウムの水溶液１リットルを２日起きに３回灌水した。
結果：無処理区では発病後２週間までに完全枯死したが、蟻酸カルシウム処理区では菌感染部分である褐色部分の進展が遅延され、子実収量は健全株に比べて少ないものの最終的な収穫が可能であった。以上のことから、カルシウムの茎疫病に対する抵抗性増強は、菌感染前のペクチン酸との結合による細胞壁の強化だけでなく、感染後でも植物体内での菌の増殖や移行の制御にも何らかのメカニズムで関わっていると考えられる。
（４）
以上のように、カルシウムの茎疫病に対する抵抗性増強には、１）菌感染前のペクチン酸との結合による細胞壁の強化だけでなく、２）感染後ではカルシウムイオンまたは水溶性カルシウムによる植物体内でのシグナル伝達、菌の増殖や移行の制御が関わっていると考えられ、感染後におけるカルシウム水溶液の灌水は茎疫病の発病抑制に有効である。
(3) Pot test test method: Rice soil was put in a commercially available pot and soybeans were sown. Immediately after the stem plague occurred spontaneously from the beginning of August to the beginning of September, 1 liter of an aqueous solution of 15 mM calcium formate was immediately irrigated 3 times for 2 days near the infected site.
Result: In the untreated group, it completely died by 2 weeks after the onset of disease, but in the calcium formate-treated group, the development of the brown part, which is the fungus-infected part, was delayed, and although the grain yield was small compared to the healthy strain, the final harvest Was possible. Based on the above, enhanced resistance to calcium stem rot is not only strengthening the cell wall by binding to pectic acid before infection, but also some mechanism for controlling the growth and migration of bacteria in the plant body after infection. It is thought that it is involved in.
(4)
As described above, in order to enhance the resistance of calcium to stem blight, not only 1) strengthening of the cell wall by binding to pectic acid before infection with bacteria, but 2) after infection, the plant body with calcium ions or water-soluble calcium is used. It is thought that the signal transduction of the plant and the control of bacterial growth and migration are involved, and irrigation with an aqueous calcium solution after infection is effective in suppressing the onset of the stem rot.
Claims (3)
茎疫病の発病抑制方法。 A method for controlling the onset of stem blight, which comprises irrigating soybean or azuki bean with an aqueous solution having a calcium concentration of 0.4 mM or more.
ことを特徴とする請求項１記載の茎疫病の発病抑制方法。 The method for suppressing the onset of stem plague according to claim 1, wherein the calcium is derived from a water-soluble calcium salt.
ことを特徴とする請求項２記載の茎疫病の発病抑制方法。 The method according to claim 2, wherein the water-soluble calcium salt is organic acid calcium.
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JP2021529827A (en) * | 2018-10-16 | 2021-11-04 | ニアセット コーポレーション | Fungal Inhibition Methods on Living Plants Using Carboxylic Acids and Their Salts |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JP2010065004A (en) * | 2008-09-12 | 2010-03-25 | Koei Kagaku Kogyo Kk | Method for reinforcing resistance to phytophthora rot |
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|---|---|---|---|---|
| JP2010065004A (en) * | 2008-09-12 | 2010-03-25 | Koei Kagaku Kogyo Kk | Method for reinforcing resistance to phytophthora rot |
Non-Patent Citations (1)
| Title |
|---|
| JPN6012027966; 杉本琢真: '体内カルシウム濃度が高いほどダイズ茎エキ病も出ない' 現代農業 第８７巻、第６号, 20080601, 第１０６-１１１頁 * |
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JP2021529827A (en) * | 2018-10-16 | 2021-11-04 | ニアセット コーポレーション | Fungal Inhibition Methods on Living Plants Using Carboxylic Acids and Their Salts |
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