JP2010054917A - Naked-eye stereoscopic display device - Google Patents

Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To improve directionality of light beams from a screen, display a stereoscopic image with ample resolution, even at a position which is jumped out from the screen, and obtain a viewing area fully wide for many persons to view. <P>SOLUTION: Projection lenses 20a to 20e are arranged at equal intervals in a Y direction. Spatial light modulating elements 10a to 10e are arranged at positions made eccentric in horizontal and vertical directions, with respect to the projection lenses 20a to 20e. Light beams emitted from the spatial light modulating elements 10a to 10e are converged and imaged on a vertical diffusing screen 50, and form pixels 50A to 50E on the vertical diffusing screen 50. The pixels 50A to 50E emit main light beams having luminance and chromaticity which are different, depending on the directions. Thus, the ranges of the angles of light beams emitted from the projection lenses 20a to 20e can be utilized to a maximum. This enables a configuration that does not use Fresnel lenses, improves the directivity of light beams from the vertical diffusing screen 50, and realizes parallelization of light beams that have large incident angles. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2010,JPO&INPIT

Description

  The present invention relates to an autostereoscopic display device, and more particularly to an autostereoscopic display device that displays a natural stereoscopic image without using glasses.

  With the maturation of the high-definition market in recent years, autostereoscopic display devices capable of visualizing stereoscopic images without using special glasses have been actively developed. The biggest challenge for the practical application of autostereoscopic display devices is to achieve both the resolution of the three-dimensional image and the viewing area (the range in which the three-dimensional image can be observed and referred to as the viewing angle in the case of a general two-dimensional display). It is. However, it is extremely difficult to obtain a practical resolution and viewing zone using the current display device.

  In order to solve this, a three-dimensional image display technique is known in which resolution and viewing zone are improved by using a plurality of display devices (see, for example, Patent Document 1). FIG. 27 shows a configuration diagram of an example of the three-dimensional image display device described in Patent Document 1. As shown in the figure, the three-dimensional image display device described in Patent Document 1 is a projection lens including spatial light modulation elements 10a to 10e in a large number of projectors arranged two-dimensionally so that horizontal intervals are equal. After the light beams emitted through 20a to 20e are deflected by lens shift and superimposed and projected on the screen, the light beams from the screen are diffused in the vertical direction and different as parallel light (telecentric) in the horizontal direction. A technique for realizing a high-quality autostereoscopic image specialized for horizontal stereoscopic vision by projecting in the direction is disclosed.

JP 2007-309975 A

  According to the conventional three-dimensional image display technique described in Patent Document 1 described above, the screen has a two-sheet configuration, and the Fresnel lens 40 is disposed close to the vertical diffusion screen 50 as shown in FIG. By using the Fresnel lens 40 so that the object side focal length and the projection distance coincide with each other, the principal rays are used to make them parallel (telecentric).

  However, with this configuration, even if the incident light from the spatial light modulation element near the optical axis of the Fresnel lens 40 can be substantially parallelized, the incident light from the spatial light modulation element far from the optical axis can be obtained. Is difficult to parallelize. This is because the Fresnel lens 40 is essentially a single lens. In other words, there is a limit to the range of incident angles of light that can be collimated by a single Fresnel lens 40 having at most two refracting surfaces. Even if an aspherical Fresnel lens is used, multiple people can observe it. It is practically difficult to achieve parallelism at a sufficient angle such as 40 degrees or more. For this reason, there is a problem that the viewing area is not sufficiently widened no matter how many projectors are increased.

  Further, the light is diffused in the groove of the Fresnel lens, so that the directivity of the light in the horizontal direction is lowered, and the resolution of the stereoscopic image at the position protruding forward from the screen is lowered. For this reason, there is a problem that a stereoscopic image can be displayed only near the screen or in the back of the screen.

  The present invention has been made in view of the above points, improves the directivity of light rays from the screen, can display a stereoscopic image with sufficient resolution even at a position protruding from the screen, and is sufficient for observation by a large number of people. An object of the present invention is to provide an autostereoscopic display device capable of realizing a wide viewing area.

  In order to achieve the above object, an autostereoscopic display device according to the present invention includes a plurality of projection lenses that are two-dimensionally arranged in both the horizontal and vertical directions and arranged at equal intervals in the horizontal direction, and a plurality of projection lenses. A plurality of two-dimensional images that are provided in a one-to-one correspondence with each other and that are arranged on the object plane of the projection lens provided in a corresponding manner and are decentered with respect to the optical axis of the projection lens. Each of the plurality of spatial light modulation elements, the illumination optical system that irradiates illumination light to each of the plurality of spatial light modulation elements, and the pixels of the plurality of spatial light modulation elements that are on the image planes of the plurality of projection lenses A chief ray modulated with respect to the luminance and chromaticity of the emitted illumination light is imaged at a predetermined position, and each of the imaged pixels is used as a secondary light source, and the chief rays are different in brightness and color in different directions. By projecting at degrees, Characterized in that it comprises a screen for displaying a stereoscopic image.

  The present invention also provides an angle pitch of principal rays projected in different directions from each of a plurality of pixels imaged on a screen, an F value of a plurality of projection lenses, a horizontal diffusion angle of a screen, or illumination optics. Means for matching the F value of the system may be provided.

  Further, the present invention includes a plurality of projection lenses, a plurality of spatial light modulation elements, and an illumination optical system, and has a configuration in which a plurality of pixels common to the screen are imaged by principal rays respectively projected from the plurality of projection lenses. When the projector array unit is used, a plurality of second projector array units that are shifted in the horizontal direction and by a predetermined interval in one direction are arranged with respect to the first projector array unit. A plurality of third projector array units shifted by a predetermined interval in the opposite direction are arranged, and each of the plurality of pixels imaged on the screen from the first to third projector array units is used as a secondary light source from the screen. The chief rays to be emitted may be projected in a telecentric manner.

In addition, the present invention includes a plurality of projection lenses, a plurality of spatial light modulation elements, and an illumination optical system, and a common image plane of a plurality of pixels that forms an image on a screen by chief rays respectively projected from the plurality of projection lenses. When the non-common image plane projector array unit is configured as a non-common image plane projector array unit, a plurality of non-common image plane projector array units shifted by a predetermined interval in the horizontal direction are arranged,
Each of a plurality of pixels imaged on the screen from the non-common image plane projector array unit may be used as a secondary light source to project the principal rays emitted from the screen in a telecentric manner. Further, there may be provided means for electrically correcting distortion aberration or lateral chromatic aberration of an image from a plurality of spatial light modulation elements projected on the screen.

  Further, the present invention provides a plurality of first projection lenses that are two-dimensionally arranged in both the horizontal and vertical directions and are equally spaced in the horizontal direction, and in directions inclined with respect to both the horizontal and vertical directions. A plurality of second projection lenses that are two-dimensionally arranged and arranged at equal intervals in a direction inclined with respect to the horizontal direction, and provided in a one-to-one correspondence with the plurality of first projection lenses. A plurality of first spaces for displaying a two-dimensional image arranged on the object plane of the first projection lens provided correspondingly and decentered with respect to the optical axis of the first projection lens The light modulation element and the plurality of second projection lenses are provided in a one-to-one correspondence, and the light of the second projection lens is provided on the object plane of the corresponding second projection lens. A plurality of second images displayed at a position eccentric with respect to the axis to display a two-dimensional image; On the image planes of the plurality of first and second projection lenses, the illumination optical system for irradiating illumination light to each of the plurality of first and second spatial light modulation elements, and the first and second projection lenses. The principal rays modulated with respect to the luminance and chromaticity of the illumination light respectively emitted from the pixels of the plurality of first and second spatial light modulation elements are imaged at a predetermined position, and the plurality of pixels thus imaged And a screen that displays a three-dimensional image in space by projecting chief rays in different directions and with different luminance and chromaticity.

  Here, even if the optical axis of the second spatial light modulation element is decentered parallel to the optical axis of the second projection lens and decentered with an inclination with respect to the optical axis of the projection lens. Good.

  According to the present invention, since the Fresnel lens is not used, the directivity of light rays from the screen is improved, and a stereoscopic image can be displayed with sufficient resolution even at a position protruding from the screen. Further, according to the present invention, it becomes possible to collimate light beams having large incident angles, and a sufficiently wide viewing zone can be obtained for observation by a large number of people.

  Next, the best mode for carrying out the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings.

  FIG. 1 shows a basic configuration diagram of an electric system of an embodiment of an autostereoscopic display device according to the present invention. In the figure, an autostereoscopic display device 1 includes a personal computer (PC) 2, a hub 3 for branching data from the PC 2, and n network-attached storages (NAS) connected to the hub 3. 4-1 to 4-n and NAS 4-1 to 4-n are provided in a one-to-one correspondence and are connected via a high-definition multimedia interface (HDMI) cable 5- 1 to 5-n.

  Each of the NASs 4-1 to 4-n, which are storage media readable on the network, receives data simultaneously transmitted by multicast from one PC 2 and controls video output timing in units of frames. Each of the NASs 4-1 to 4-n has a genlock mechanism (generatorlock) or a synchronization means equivalent to a genlock, and synchronizes the phase and frequency of each viewpoint image (view1_sig to viewn_sig). Each viewpoint image (view1_sig to viewn_sig) output from each of the NASs 4-1 to 4-n is input to the projectors 5-1 to 5-n via the HDMI cable.

  The projectors 5-1 to 5 -n supply the respective viewpoint images inputted thereto to the spatial light modulator to display a two-dimensional image, project the light displayed on the image onto the screen 6 through the projection lens, and the screen 6. Desired stereoscopic images such as a spherical stereoscopic image 7 and a rectangular parallelepiped stereoscopic image 8 are displayed at the intersections of the respective rays in the space.

  Among the above configurations, the autostereoscopic display device 1 according to the present embodiment is characterized in that the arrangement configuration of the projectors 5-1 to 5-n is any one of the configurations described below. In addition, a screen without a Fresnel lens can be used as the screen 6.

  Next, embodiments of the optical system (arrangement configuration of projectors 5-1 to 5-n) of the autostereoscopic display device of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings.

(First embodiment)
FIG. 2 shows a basic configuration diagram of the optical system of the first embodiment of the autostereoscopic display device according to the present invention. In the figure, the spatial light modulator 10a and the projection lens 20a are provided in the first projector. Similarly, the spatial light modulator 10b and the projection lens 20b, the spatial light modulator 10c and the projection lens 20c, the spatial light modulator 10d and the projection lens 20d, and the spatial light modulator 10e and the projection lens 20e are in separate projectors. Is provided. Although not shown, each illumination optical system of the spatial light modulators 10a to 10e is also provided in each projector.

  Further, as shown in the basic configuration diagram of FIG. 2 and the perspective view of FIG. 3, the spatial light modulation elements 10 a to 10 e and the projection lenses 20 a to 20 e are disposed in front of the vertical diffusion screen 50. In the front view of FIG. 4, solid circles schematically indicate the projection lenses 20a to 20e shown in FIG. 2 and projection lenses in other projectors not shown in FIG. For example, five projection lenses such as the projection lenses 20a to 20e are arranged in the horizontal direction and are arranged in a two-dimensional arrangement in which, for example, five are arranged in the oblique vertical direction. In FIG. 4, the projection lenses adjacent in the oblique vertical direction are arranged to be shifted by a distance X1 in the horizontal direction, and the horizontal position is between the projection lens at the uppermost position and the projection lens at the lowermost position adjacent in the horizontal direction. They are displaced in the direction by a distance X2. Further, as shown in FIG. 4, a spatial light modulation element such as the spatial light modulation element 10f is provided so as to be spaced apart and opposed to a position within the effective diameter of each projection lens such as the projection lens 20f.

  In FIG. 2, the spatial light modulators 10 a to 10 e are, for example, a liquid crystal display element (LCD), a reflective liquid crystal display element (LCOS), a reflective element (DMD: registered trademark), and light using a light diffraction effect. Is a two-dimensional image display device composed of a display device (GLV: registered trademark) using a projection device “microribbon array” for controlling the orientation and color of the image. The projection lenses 20a to 20e project light from images displayed by the spatial light modulation elements 10a to 10e provided in a one-to-one relationship onto the vertical diffusion screen 50. Here, the projection lenses 20a to 20e are drawn as a single lens, but in reality, a lens system composed of a plurality of lenses, a holder for holding each lens, and an aperture for determining the F number of the light beam passing therethrough. Consists of an aperture.

  The spatial light modulators 10a to 10e are respectively illuminated by a light source and an illumination optical system (not shown). The illumination optical system may be a well-known white light source such as an ultra-high pressure mercury lamp, or a well-known monochromatic light source such as a light emitting diode (LED) or a laser. In the case of a white light source, chromaticity is given by a well-known colorization technique using a color filter, a dichroic filter, or the like, but the description thereof is omitted here.

  The vertical diffusion screen 50 corresponds to the screen 6 shown in FIG. 1 and is, for example, a lenticular screen or a holographic screen, and emits light diffused in the vertical direction. Here, the vertical direction is the X direction in FIG. In FIG. 2, the horizontal direction indicates the Y direction, and the depth direction indicates the Z direction. On the vertical diffusion screen 50, pixels 50A to 50E are imaged by the light projected from the projection lenses 20a to 20e. The light 10a1 to 10a5, 10b1 to 10b5, 10c1 to 10c5, 10d1 to 10d5, and 10e1 to 10e5 projected from the projection lenses 20a, 20b, 20c, 20d, and 20e and emitted from the vertical diffusion screen 50 are chief rays. To express. Further, 10c3m around the principal ray 10c3 represents an outer edge ray. All principal rays are accompanied by outer edge rays, but outer edge rays other than 10c3m are omitted for simplification of the drawing.

  Next, the basic operation of FIG. 2 will be described. The illumination light with respect to the spatial light modulators 10a to 10e is modulated in intensity and chromaticity in units of pixels and passes through the projection lenses 20a to 20e. The projection lenses 20a to 20e are arranged at equal intervals in the horizontal direction (Y direction). On the other hand, the spatial light modulators 10a to 10e are arranged at positions decentered in the horizontal direction and the vertical direction with respect to the optical axes (not shown) of the projection lenses 20a to 20e. As a well-known technique for projectors, there is a lens shift mechanism. Here, the spatial light modulators 10a to 10e are shifted with respect to lenses fixed at regular intervals.

  The spatial light modulators 10a to 10e and the vertical diffusing screen 50 are in a conjugate relationship, and the light rays emitted from the spatial light modulators 10a to 10e converge on the vertical diffusing screen 50 to form an image as shown by the outer edge light beam 10c3m. Pixels 50 </ b> A to 50 </ b> E are formed on the vertical diffusion screen 50. The pixels 50 </ b> A to 50 </ b> E formed here emit light rays having different luminance and chromaticity depending on directions (principal rays and outer peripheral rays associated therewith), unlike pixels formed by general projectors. . For example, chief rays from the pixel 50C are 10e3, 10d3, 10c3, 10b3, 10a3 from the top of FIG. 2, and these are due to light emitted from different spatial light modulators 10e, 10d, 10c, 10b, 10a, respectively. It is.

  FIG. 5 is a diagram showing a state of light rays emitted from one pixel on the vertical diffusion screen 50. 5A is a top view, FIG. 5B is a side view, and FIG. 5C is a perspective view. As shown in FIG. 5A, long, fan-shaped light beams are emitted from the pixels on the vertical diffusion screen 50 in different directions on the horizontal plane (19 directions in FIG. 5). The F value is designed so that the vertical angle of each sector corresponds to the F value of the projector, adjacent sector shapes do not overlap and there is no gap. If this design is incomplete, uneven brightness will be observed when the viewpoint is moved in the Y direction (horizontal direction).

  The side view of FIG. 5B shows how the light rays from the pixels are diffused in the vertical direction. The reason why the vertical diffusion is performed on the vertical diffusion screen 50 is to reproduce a higher density light beam in the horizontal direction by discarding the three-dimensional information in the vertical direction. As shown in the perspective view of FIG. 5 (c), light beams in the shape of a rectangular pyramid elongated in the vertical direction are emitted in multiple directions.

  FIG. 6 is a diagram showing a state of light rays emitted from a plurality of pixels on the vertical diffusion screen 50. 6A is a top view, FIG. 6B is a side view, and FIG. 6C is a perspective view. As shown in FIG. 6A, light rays from a plurality of pixels on the vertical diffusion screen 50 are accumulated in a fan space to form a three-dimensional image of points. A general three-dimensional image is formed as a collection of many three-dimensional images of this point.

  FIG. 6B is a diagram showing the state of light rays vertically diffused on the vertical diffusion screen 50, and the light rays from the pixels are diffused in the vertical direction in the same manner as described in FIG. 5B. Is shown. The perspective view of FIG. 6C shows a state in which light beams in the shape of a quadrangular pyramid elongated in the vertical direction are formed in the space, and a three-dimensional image in the horizontal direction is formed.

  Further, the outer edge rays accompanying the principal rays emitted from the respective pixels shown in FIG. 2 imaged on the vertical diffusion screen 50 are magnified images, and therefore a large F of about F10 in the vicinity of the vertical diffusion screen 50. It is a value. In addition, as described with reference to FIGS. 5 and 6, the horizontal direction (Y direction) is not diffused by the vertical diffusion screen 50 at all or is slightly diffused. High rays will be emitted in different directions from the pixels 50A-50E of FIG. When these light beams with high directivity are projected onto the space at a high density, they correspond to the three-dimensional images 7 and 8 shown in FIG. 1 at positions having different depths as intersections of the light beams as conceptually shown in FIG. Three-dimensional images 31 and 32 are formed.

  By the way, the three-dimensional image display device described in Patent Document 1 uses a screen having a configuration in which a Fresnel lens is arranged close to a vertical diffusion screen as described above. Here, the adverse effect of the Fresnel lens will be described in more detail. Due to the influence of the spherical aberration of the Fresnel lens in the screen, the light emitted from the screen becomes more telecentric as it moves away from the optical axis of the projector projected on the screen.

  When the telecentricity is deteriorated, the intersection of the light beams is in a spatially distorted state, so that a stereoscopic image cannot be displayed at the intended position. In particular, as the size of the screen is increased, a larger refraction angle is required around the screen, so that the telesetric property is deteriorated. For example, when constructing a highly realistic stereoscopic video system with a screen size of about 200 inches, it is extremely difficult to make all projectors telecentric even if an aspheric Fresnel lens is used. It is a big demerit for a video system using a projector that there is a restriction on a large screen.

  Fresnel lenses also deteriorate the directivity of light rays. This occurs when light is irradiated to a step portion (a surface having a steep inclination and a surface that does not contribute to light refraction) of the Fresnel lens, and occurs regardless of the screen size. Due to the diffusion of the groove portion of the Fresnel lens, the outer edge light beam spreads, becomes an F value smaller than the imaging F value, and is emitted from the vertical diffusion screen as a light beam with low directivity. Even if the light rays diffused in this way intersect, it is difficult to form a stereoscopic image at a position away from the vertical diffusion screen.

  Therefore, as described above, in the present invention, the directivity of light is enhanced by eliminating the Fresnel lens. Of course, simply removing the Fresnel lens is not sufficient. This is because, as can be seen from FIG. 2, principal rays 10a1 to 10a5 or 10b1 to 10b5 that should be originally telecentric are not telecentric.

  In FIG. 2, if a three-dimensional image is displayed near the center of the vertical diffusion screen 50, a three-dimensional image based on such non-telecentric rays can be drawn and displayed by CG (computer graphics). It is. However, as shown by light rays emitted from the pixels 50A and 50E, light rays are emitted toward the outside of the screen at the periphery of the vertical diffusing screen 50. That is, there is a problem that the field of view is limited.

  Therefore, in the first embodiment of the present invention, a plurality of projectors shown in FIG. 2 are used as an optical system in which light beams emitted from the vertical diffusion screen 50 are telecentric without using a Fresnel lens. When a single projector array unit is used, a plurality of projector array units are arranged so as to be shifted in the horizontal direction.

  FIG. 8 is a plan view for explaining the process of the configuration of the first embodiment of the present invention, and FIG. 9 is a front view of the main part of FIG. In both drawings, the same components are denoted by the same reference numerals. In FIG. 8, a plurality of projection display devices including the spatial light modulation elements 10 a to 10 b and the respective projection lenses 20 a to 20 e are handled as one unit, and this is referred to as a projector array unit 10. The projector array unit 10 is a new projector array unit 11 that is shifted by a fixed interval in the Y direction (horizontal direction) (drawn with a thick line).

  In the front view of FIG. 9, each thin solid-line circle schematically shows a projection lens of each projector constituting the projector array unit 10. Each thick solid line circle schematically represents a projection lens of each projector constituting the projector array unit 11. In FIG. 9, the projection lens of the projector array unit 10 and the projection lens of the projector array unit 20 that are adjacent to each other in the obliquely vertical direction are arranged so as to be shifted by a distance X3 in the horizontal direction. Further, as shown in FIG. 9, a spatial light modulation element such as a spatial light modulation element 11f is provided so as to be spaced apart and opposed to a position within the effective diameter of each projection lens of the projector array unit 11 such as the projection lens 21f. .

  The horizontal shift amount between the projector array unit 10 and the projector array unit 11 indicated by X3 in FIG. 9 is assumed to be equal to the interval between the pixels 50D and 50E on the vertical diffusion screen 50 shown in FIG. Then, the principal ray 11a5 emitted from the spatial light modulation element 11a constituting the new projector unit 11 is the same as the principal ray 10a5 emitted from the spatial light modulation element 10a constituting the original projector unit 10. They are parallel to each other.

  Further, the optical paths of the principal ray 11b5 emitted from the spatial light modulation element 11b and the principal ray 10b5 emitted from the spatial light modulation element 10a are also parallel to each other. Similarly, the optical paths of the principal ray 11c5 and the principal ray 10c5, the principal ray 11d5 and the principal ray 10d5, and the principal ray 11e5 and the principal ray 10e5 are also parallel to each other.

  Accordingly, a telecentric state can be realized for these principal rays emitted from the pixels 50D and 50E. The chief rays from the other pixels 50A to 50C are similarly telecentric. However, in the state shown in FIG. 8, all the light rays emitted from the vertical diffusion screen 50 are not telecentric, and the field of view is limited.

  Therefore, a new projector array unit 12 is added as shown in FIG. The projector array unit 12 has the same configuration as the projector array units 10 and 11, and is arranged so as to be shifted by the shift amount X3 in the horizontal direction with respect to the projector array unit 11.

  In the autostereoscopic display device having the configuration shown in FIG. 10, all the principal rays are not telecentric yet, but as shown in FIG. 10, rays that go to the inside of the screen among the rays emitted from the pixels 50A also appear. This means a wider field of view. At the same time, the angular range of rays emitted from one pixel on the vertical diffusion screen 50 is also expanded. This means that the viewing zone, which is a range that can be observed by wrapping around in stereoscopic viewing, is expanded.

  Then, as shown in FIG. 11, when a projector array unit 13 having the same configuration as the projector array units 10 to 12 is newly added and shifted by the shift amount X3 with respect to the projector array unit 12 in the horizontal direction, The emission angle of the light beam from the pixel 50A at the screen end is increased, and the visual field is further enlarged, and at the same time, the viewing area is also enlarged.

  Furthermore, as shown in FIG. 12, when a projector array unit 14 having the same configuration as the projector array units 10 to 13 is newly added and shifted by the shift amount X3 in the horizontal direction with respect to the projector array unit 13, As shown in FIG. 12, the principal ray from the pixel 50A at the upper end of the screen is symmetric with respect to the Z axis. The chief rays from the other pixels 50B to 50E are asymmetric with respect to the Z axis, but this time, by adding and shifting the projector array unit with respect to the negative direction of the Y axis, the symmetry is as shown in FIG. Can be

  That is, FIG. 13 shows a final configuration diagram of the first embodiment of the autostereoscopic display device according to the present invention. In the autostereoscopic display device of the present embodiment, as shown in FIG. 13, projector array units 11, 12, 13, and 14 arranged by shifting in the positive direction of the Y axis are referred to as 11R, 12R, 13R, and 14R. The projector array units arranged by shifting in the negative direction of the Y axis are 11L, 12L, 13L, and 14L.

  By shifting the projector array units in this way, chief rays emitted from all the pixels 50A to 50E of the vertical diffusion screen 50 are symmetric with respect to an axis that passes through each pixel and is parallel to the Z axis. Light comes out. Therefore, according to the autostereoscopic display device of the first embodiment shown in FIG. 13, it is equivalent to the light beams 10a1 to 10e5 emitted from the Fresnel lens 40 and the screen 50 adjacent thereto in the conventional device shown in FIG. The light beam can be realized in a configuration in which a plurality of projector array units are arranged shifted from each other.

  Here, there is a large difference between the light beam state of the conventional apparatus in FIG. 27 and the light beam state of the first embodiment of the present invention in FIG. That is, the maximum emission angle of light emitted from each of the pixels 50A to 50E (direction perpendicular to the vertical diffusion screen 50 (Z direction) and the angle of the light) is larger in FIG. 13 than in FIG. Is wide. This will be described below quantitatively using mathematical formulas.

First, the maximum emission angle of the conventional apparatus shown in FIG. 27 will be described. The maximum light emission angle in the light beam state shown in FIG. 27, that is, the angle formed between the Z-axis and the principal light beams 10a1 to 10a5 is determined by the maximum amount of eccentricity between the spatial light modulator 10a and the projection lens 20a. In FIG. 27, the focal length of the projection lens is f, the distance between the object side principal point of the projection lenses 20a to 20e and the spatial light modulators 10a to 10e is a, the image side principal point of the projection lenses 20a to 20e and the Fresnel lens 40 ( Alternatively, if the distance from the vertical diffusion screen 50) adjacent thereto is b,
(1 / a)-(1 / b) = 1 / f (1)
Is established.

Further, the horizontal direction (Y direction) length of the spatial light modulators 10a to 10e is y _d , and the horizontal direction (Y direction) length of the Fresnel lens 40 (or the vertical diffusion screen 50 adjacent thereto) is y _s . The projection magnification M is expressed by the following equation.

M = y _s / y _d = b / a (2)
Here, the amount of shift in the Y direction of the spatial light modulators 10a to 10e with respect to each of the projection lenses 20a to 20e is Δy, and attention is paid to the spatial light modulator 10a and the projection lens 20a that take the maximum shift amount Δy_max. Since the maximum light emission angle is an angle formed by the light rays 10a1 to 10a5 emitted from the vertical diffusion screen 50 and the normal line of the vertical diffusion screen 50, if this angle is _{φ_old} , _{φ_old} is _expressed by the following equation. Is done.

^{_{φ_ old = tan -1 (Δy /}} a) = tan -1 (sy / a) (3)
However, in Formula (3), s shows the shift ratio represented by following Formula.

s = Δy / y (4)
Here, y indicates a horizontal coordinate in the same direction as the Y axis, and the coordinate origin is the center of each projection lens.

Next, the maximum emission angle in the autostereoscopic display device according to the first embodiment of the present invention shown in FIG. 13 will be described. The maximum emission angle in the autostereoscopic display device of the first embodiment in FIG. 13 is an angle formed by light rays emitted from the maximum object height of each of the spatial light modulators 10a to 10e. This angle is equal to the angle formed by 10a5 which is the maximum light emission angle in FIG. 2 and the normal line of the vertical diffusion screen 50. When this angle is _{φ_new} , it is expressed by the following equation.

Therefore, the difference Δφ in the maximum emission angle between the configuration of the conventional apparatus shown in FIG. 27 and the configuration of the apparatus of the present embodiment shown in FIG. 13 is expressed by the following equation.

Since the right side of the equation (6) is larger than 1, the maximum emission angle _{φ_new} of the configuration of the present embodiment is _larger than the maximum emission angle _{φ_old} in the apparatus configuration shown in FIG. 27 using a conventional Fresnel lens. Will be bigger.

FIG. 14 is a graph showing an example of the relationship between the maximum emission angles _{φ_old} and _{φ_new} and the shift ratio s. This graph is a graph in which the maximum injection angles _{φ_old} and _{φ_new} and _Δφ = _{φ_new− φ_old} are plotted with respect to the shift ratio s when a = 20 mm and y = 15 mm. is there. In the figure, it can be seen that the maximum emission angle _{φ_new} of the present embodiment plotted with black squares becomes larger as the shift ratio s becomes larger than the conventional maximum emission angle _{φ_old} plotted with black circles.

For example, when viewed in the vicinity of s = 30%, which is a general value of the horizontal shift ratio of a projection lens having a lens shift function, the conventional maximum emission angle _{φ_old} is 13 degrees, while this embodiment is implemented. In this embodiment, the maximum emission angle _{φ_new} is 31 degrees, and it can be seen that the maximum emission angle can be expanded more than twice in the present embodiment. This maximum emission angle is directly linked to the viewing area (or viewing angle), which is a stereoscopically viewable range. In this example, a viewing angle of 62 degrees can be obtained in all angles, and an unprecedented wide viewing area naked eye. A stereoscopic display device can be realized.

  As described above, in the first embodiment, light beams having high directivity in different directions are obtained by shifting the spatial light modulation element in the horizontal direction for each of the plurality of projection lenses arranged at regular intervals in the horizontal direction. In the autostereoscopic display device that emits light, the configuration in which the angle range of the light beam emitted from each projection lens can be utilized to the maximum is used so that the Fresnel lens is not used. The directivity of light rays is improved, and a three-dimensional image can be displayed with sufficient resolution even at a position protruding from the vertical diffusion screen 50. In addition, according to the present embodiment, since light is not refracted on the vertical diffusion screen 50, it is possible to collimate light beams having large incident angles, which is sufficiently wide for observation by a large number of people. There is an effect that a viewing zone can be obtained.

(Second Embodiment)
FIG. 15 shows a basic configuration diagram of an optical system of the second embodiment of the autostereoscopic display device according to the present invention. In the figure, the same components as those in FIG. The present embodiment is characterized in that the image plane of each projector array is not made common on the vertical diffusion screen 50, that is, it is shifted from the beginning in the horizontal direction (Y direction) without overlapping. For this reason, the space | interval of the spatial light modulation elements 10a-10e is large compared with the case of FIG.2 and FIG.13.

  Next, the operation of the present embodiment will be described. In the present embodiment, each image projected by the projector array unit on the vertical diffusion screen 50 is projected so as to be shifted in the horizontal direction. That is, among the principal rays from the spatial light modulator 10a having the maximum shift amount, for example, the principal ray 10a5 having the maximum object height is arranged so as to pass through the pixel 50D on the vertical diffusion screen 50. On the other hand, of the principal rays from the spatial light modulator 10 a, the principal ray 10 a 1 is out of the vertical diffusion screen 50. Since such light rays are unnecessary, they can be hidden or reused by using a reflection optical system as described later.

  The projector array unit that is shifted in the horizontal direction without sharing the image plane from each projector constituting the projector array unit is called a non-common image plane projector array unit in distinction from the first embodiment. To. Note that the non-common image plane projector array unit, which is the basic configuration, is arranged with a plurality of positions shifted in the horizontal direction as in FIG.

  FIG. 16 shows a basic configuration diagram of Modification Example 1 of the optical system of the second embodiment of the autostereoscopic display device according to the present invention. In this modification, the space between the spatial light modulators 10a to 10e constituting the non-common image plane projector array unit is further increased as compared with the configuration shown in FIG. 15, and the main object height from the spatial light modulator 10a is increased. This is a non-common image plane projector array unit configuration in which the light beam 10a is arranged to form a pixel 50C which is the center of the vertical diffusion screen 50.

  With respect to the center of the vertical diffusion screen 50, the maximum emission angle similar to that described in the first embodiment is obtained, and the stereoscopic image displayed at the center of the vertical diffusion screen 50 is visually observed in the maximum viewing zone. can do. In addition, the visual field of the stereoscopic image displayed on the screen edge is improved as compared with the cases of FIGS. 2 and 13 in the first embodiment. According to this modification, stereoscopic display is also possible when the number of projectors cannot be increased due to economic circumstances.

  FIG. 17 shows a basic configuration diagram of Modification Example 2 of the optical system of the second embodiment of the autostereoscopic display device according to the present invention. In this modification, the non-common image plane projector unit in the configuration shown in FIG. 16 is shifted. The non-common image plane projector array unit after the shift is drawn with a bold line. FIG. 17 is difficult to discriminate because parts of the figure overlap, but the principal ray 10a5 emitted from the spatial light modulation element 10a, which is a component of the non-common image plane projector array unit after the shift, is a vertical diffusion screen. 50 pixels 50B are formed.

  FIG. 18 shows a basic configuration diagram of Modification 3 of the optical system of the second embodiment of the autostereoscopic display device according to the present invention. In this modification, the non-common image plane projector array unit is further shifted so that the principal ray 10a5 forms the pixel 50C at the center of the vertical diffusion screen 50. This configuration corresponds to FIG. 12 in the first embodiment. The difference from FIG. 12 is that the modification has a smaller number of projectors because the number of projectors is smaller, and the angle between principal rays is also sparse because the projector spacing is sparse.

  It is necessary to match the angular pitch of the principal ray with the spread angle of the outer edge ray 10c3m, that is, the F value. For this purpose, (1) a method of providing the vertical diffusion screen 50 with horizontal diffusion characteristics (that is, a method of matching the angle pitch of each principal ray projected in a different direction from the pixels on the screen with the horizontal diffusion angle of the screen). (2) A method of adjusting the imaging F value with the aperture size of the projection lens 20a of the projector without performing any horizontal diffusion on the vertical diffusion screen 50 (ie, each of the images projected in different directions from the pixels on the screen) And (3) matching the angle pitch of each principal ray projected from a pixel on the screen in a different direction with the F value of the illumination optical system. There is a method. When the F value and the angular pitch do not match, it is visually recognized as stripe-like luminance unevenness.

  According to the second embodiment and its modification shown in FIGS. 15 to 18, since the projector unit is configured in the horizontal shift state from the beginning, the number of necessary projectors is reduced as compared with the first embodiment. In addition, since the projector interval is large, there is an advantage that the degree of freedom of installation is increased.

(Third embodiment)
FIG. 19 is a top view of the optical system of the third embodiment of the autostereoscopic display device according to the present invention, and FIG. 20 is the front view of the optical system of the autostereoscopic display device according to the third embodiment of the present invention. The figure is shown. 19 and 20, the same components as those in FIG. 2 are denoted by the same reference numerals, and the description thereof is omitted. In the present embodiment, the projector array unit 10, the projector array unit 11R arranged so as to be shifted in the positive direction of the Y axis with respect to the projector array unit 10, and the projector array unit arranged so as to be shifted in the negative direction of the Y axis 11L.

  In the first embodiment, in contrast to the projector array unit 10, the projector array units 11 </ b> R and 11 </ b> L are shifted to positions where the center positions of the projection lenses overlap on the same vertical line. As shown in FIGS. 19 and 20, the present embodiment is characterized in that the projection lenses are arranged on the same vertical line without overlapping each other. Further, as shown in FIGS. 19 and 20, the projection lenses 20c, 21Lc, and 21Rc are arranged on the same horizontal line at regular intervals, and the spatial light modulators 10c, 11Rc, and 11Lc are the projection lenses 20c, 21Lc, and 21Rc. They are arranged at positions shifted from each other by different shift amounts with respect to the optical axis.

  Spatial light modulation elements 10a and 11La for the optical axes of other projection lenses 20a and 21La on the same horizontal line, Spatial light modulation elements 10b and 11Lb for the optical axes of other projection lenses 20b and 21Lb on the same horizontal line, Spatial light modulation elements 10d and 11Rb for the optical axes of the other projection lenses 20d and 21Rb on the same horizontal line, and spatial light modulation elements 10e and 11Rc for the optical axes of the other projection lenses 20e and 21Rc on the same horizontal line. Similarly, it is arranged at an eccentric position.

  The parallax images supplied to the spatial light modulation elements constituting the projector array unit 10 are different from the parallax images supplied to the projector array units 11R and 11L. That is, the position of the gazing point of both parallax images is shifted according to the horizontal shift amount of the common image plane.

  By shifting the projector array units in this way, chief rays emitted from all the pixels of the vertical diffusion screen 50 are symmetric with respect to an axis that passes through each pixel and is parallel to the Z axis. It comes to be injected. Accordingly, in the present embodiment as well, as in the first and second embodiments, light rays equivalent to the light rays 10a1 to 10e5 emitted from the Fresnel lens 40 and the screen 50 adjacent thereto in the conventional apparatus shown in FIG. Can be realized.

  FIG. 26 shows a perspective view of a modification of the optical system of the third embodiment of the autostereoscopic display device according to the present invention. In the figure, the same components as those in FIGS. 19 and 20 are denoted by the same reference numerals, and the description thereof is omitted. In this modification, the projector array unit is shifted by two or more as indicated by 11R,... Relative to the projector array unit 10 in the positive direction of the Y axis, and the projector array unit is positioned in the negative direction of the Y axis. Is characterized by being shifted by two or more as shown by 11L, 12L,.

  The horizontal intervals of the projectors are arranged at equal intervals. The projector array unit 10 changes the projection direction by shifting the spatial light modulation element with respect to the projection lens, and forms a common image plane on the vertical diffusion screen 50. The number of projector arrays that can form a common image plane is limited by the shift mechanism. When the limit value of the shift is exceeded, the projector array cannot be projected on the common image plane. Therefore, the projector array units 11R and 11L form a common image plane at a position shifted in the horizontal direction from the common image plane of the projector array.

(Fourth embodiment)
FIG. 21 shows a basic configuration diagram of an optical system of a fourth embodiment of the autostereoscopic display device according to the present invention. In the figure, the spatial light modulation elements 10a to 10e, the projection lenses 20a to 20e, the vertical diffusion screen 50, and the like having the same reference numerals as those in FIG. 2 have the same configurations as those in the first embodiment, and thus description thereof is omitted. In the present embodiment, a plurality of spatial light modulation elements such as the spatial light modulation elements 10f and 10g and the projection lenses 20f and 20g are provided outside the spatial light modulation element 10a and the projection lens 20a of the first embodiment. It is characterized in that a plurality of projection lenses are arranged.

  Next, the operation of the present embodiment will be described. The projection lens 20f forms an image on the vertical diffusion screen 50 using the spatial light modulator 10f as an object plane. Unlike the case of the first embodiment, all the light rays from the spatial light modulator 10 f are projected on the vertical diffusion screen 50. Of course, for this purpose, the projection lens 20f accompanies the principal rays projected at a large angle, ie, 10f1, 10f3, 10f5 (10f2 and 10f4 are not shown for simplicity of illustration). It is required to have an imaging performance such that an outer edge ray (not shown) converges on the vertical diffusion screen 50.

  That is, the projection lens 20f must have a large image circle diameter (effective diameter). Light rays outside the image circle diameter cause various aberrations on the vertical diffusion screen 50, resulting in image blurring and distortion. However, it is possible to reduce the occurrence of aberrations by correcting in advance the image to be displayed on the spatial light modulator 10f. Naturally, it is impossible to electrically correct all the aberrations, but at least distortion aberrations and chromatic aberrations of magnification that are aberrations related to the imaging position can be corrected by electrical image processing. Thus, after substantially enlarging the image circle by electrical correction, the field of view and viewing area may be enlarged using the projector array unit as described in the first or second embodiment.

  Next, the effect of this embodiment will be described. In the present embodiment, the requirements for the optical performance of the projection lens are generally stricter, but unlike the first embodiment, all the light beams on the spatial light modulator can be used effectively. In addition, by using electrical correction together, the optical performance of the projection lens is suppressed, and the configuration is simpler than that of the first to third embodiments, and is the same as that of the fourth embodiment of the present invention. A configuration can be implemented.

  In this embodiment, since all the pixels on all the spatial light modulation elements are turned on, it is easy to form a bright three-dimensional image because illumination light can be used effectively. It can be performed.

  Further, in the present embodiment, by performing electrical correction, the substantial image circle diameter can be enlarged (the range where eccentricity can be made can be substantially enlarged), and the first to third embodiments. By constructing the projector array unit described in, a 3D image with a slight deterioration in image quality due to electrical correction is obtained in the peripheral area of the visual field or viewing area, but the image quality is deteriorated in the central part of the visual field or viewing area that is practically important. No stereoscopic image is obtained.

(Fifth embodiment)
FIG. 22 shows a basic configuration diagram of an optical system of the fifth embodiment of the autostereoscopic display device according to the present invention. In the figure, the spatial light modulation elements 10a to 10e, the projection lenses 20a to 20e, the vertical diffusion screen 50, and the like having the same reference numerals as those in FIG. 2 are the same as those in the first embodiment, and thus the description thereof is omitted. In the present embodiment, a plurality of spatial light modulation elements such as the spatial light modulation elements 10h and 10i whose optical axes are inclined with respect to the Z axis are provided outside the spatial light modulation element 10a and the projection lens 20a of the first embodiment. It is characterized in that the element and a plurality of projection lenses such as projection lenses 20h and 20i are arranged.

  Next, the operation of the present embodiment will be described. In the present embodiment, the optical axes of a plurality of spatial light modulation elements such as the spatial light modulation elements 10 h and 10 i and a plurality of projection lenses such as the projection lenses 20 h and 20 i are perpendicular to the screen surface of the vertical diffusion screen 50. As a matter of course, keystone distortion occurs. For this reason, electrical distortion correction that cancels this is performed. A description of a known electrical distortion correction method is omitted.

  In this embodiment, even when a fixed projection lens projector having a large image circle diameter is used, the expected operation is performed by tilting the projector and performing electrical distortion correction. be able to. In the present embodiment, the amount of parallel decentering between the spatial light modulation element and the projection lens can be reduced as compared with the first embodiment.

(Sixth embodiment)
FIG. 23B is a basic configuration diagram of the main part of the optical system of the sixth embodiment of the autostereoscopic display device according to the present invention. In general, the optical axis of the projection lens 20 coincides with the optical axis of the spatial light modulator 10 as shown in FIG. On the other hand, in the present embodiment, as shown in FIG. 23B, the optical axis of the projection lens 20 is inclined with respect to the spatial light modulator 10, that is, the projection lens has an inclination eccentricity. There is a feature in the point. According to the present embodiment, by providing the projection lens 20 with an inclination eccentricity, the light beam passing through the projection lens is refracted and can be projected at a larger angle than when there is no inclination eccentricity.

  Of course, if the amount of tilt eccentricity becomes excessive, various aberrations cannot be ignored. Therefore, as shown in FIG. 23C, the optical axis of the projection lens 20 is shifted with respect to the optical axis of the spatial light modulator 10 so that the image quality deterioration on the vertical diffusion screen 50 is allowed. It is preferable to use in combination with a normal lens shift (parallel eccentricity).

  According to the present embodiment, it is possible to facilitate installation of the projector array by tilting only the projection lens 20 without tilting the projector. Further, by providing the projection lens 20 with the tilt eccentricity, the amount of the normal shift described above, that is, the parallel eccentricity can be reduced.

(Seventh embodiment)
FIG. 24 shows a configuration diagram of an optical system of the seventh embodiment of the autostereoscopic display device according to the present invention. In the figure, the same components as those in FIG. This embodiment is characterized in that mirrors 70R and 70L are added to the configuration shown in FIG. One end of the mirror 70R coincides with one side end of the vertical diffusion screen 50 in the vertical direction, and the longitudinal direction thereof is arranged to be parallel to the optical axis of the projection lenses 20a to 20e. One end of the mirror 70L coincides with the other side end of the vertical diffusion screen 50 in the vertical direction, and the longitudinal direction thereof is arranged in parallel with the optical axes of the projection lenses 20a to 20e. Further, the reflecting surfaces of the mirrors 70R and 70L are arranged to face each other. In FIG. 24, the spatial light modulation element 11a ′ and the projection lens 21a ′ are each ½ times the horizontal size of the spatial light modulation element 11a and the projection lens 21a.

  In the present embodiment, the mirrors 70 </ b> R and 70 </ b> L have a function of reflecting light rays that are originally deviated from the vertical diffusion screen 50 and forming an image on the vertical diffusion screen 50 again. As a result, in FIG. 24, the spatial light modulation element and the projection lens having the same configuration as the spatial light modulation element and the projection lens in the range surrounded by the mirrors 70R and 70L exist at the position indicated by 15 as if there is. A virtual image is formed, and light from the virtual image is emitted. As a result, the projector is arranged outside the vertical diffusion screen 50 in the above-described embodiment, but is unnecessary in this embodiment, and the number of projectors and the installation space are saved.

  In this embodiment, since the coma aberration and the distortion depending on the flatness of the mirrors 70R and 70L are generated by using the mirrors 70R and 70L, the spot shape and position of the pixels on the vertical diffusion screen 50 are generated. Is different depending on whether the light is reflected by the mirrors 70R and 70L or not.

  For this reason, an optical system for correcting this is required. However, with respect to coma aberration, correction is difficult if only part of the image is affected by the aberration. The distortion can be canceled by electrical distortion correction. Therefore, the mirror should be used within a range in which image quality deterioration is allowed only when it must be used due to the installation space.

(Eighth embodiment)
FIG. 25A is a configuration diagram of a main part of an eighth embodiment of the autostereoscopic display device according to the present invention, and FIG. 25B is an eighth embodiment of the autostereoscopic display device according to the present invention. The block diagram of the modification of the principal part of a form is shown. In the eighth embodiment shown in FIG. 25A, a light diffusing surface (lenticular or hologram surface) 52 is coated with a metal reflecting film such as aluminum or a dielectric reflecting film 53 instead of the vertical diffusing screen 50. The vertical diffusion screen 51A is used.

  Further, in the modification of the eighth embodiment shown in FIG. 25B, a light diffusion surface (lenticular or hologram surface) 54 is formed on the front surface instead of the vertical diffusion screen 50, and a metal such as aluminum is formed on the rear surface. A reflective vertical diffusion screen 51B coated with a reflective film or a dielectric reflective film 55 is used.

  In this embodiment, a spatial light modulation element and a projection lens are disposed on the front surface of the vertical diffusion screens 51A and 51B with reflective films, and front projection is performed. The vertical divergence screens 51A and 51B with a reflecting film perform reflection or slight diffusion only in the horizontal direction, and form diffused striped light rays in the vertical direction.

  According to the present embodiment, as compared with the case of rear projection, image blur due to the passage of the screen base material does not occur, and thus the pixels on the screen can be clearly imaged. A high stereoscopic image can be formed.

(Ninth embodiment)
The ninth embodiment of the autostereoscopic display device according to the present invention includes a vertical diffusing screen 50 or a reflecting film-equipped vertical diffusing screen 51A according to any one of the first to eighth embodiments. Instead of 51B, a cylindrical screen is used. The cylindrical screen uses a semicylindrical inner surface or outer surface as a screen, and includes a rear projection and a front projection. In the case of rear projection, the cylindrical screen has a projector array unit arranged behind the outer surface side of the cylindrical screen to form pixels on the outer surface of the cylindrical screen, and the pixels are used as secondary light sources in different directions from each other. A three-dimensional image formed in the space by projecting on the inner surface side of the cylindrical screen with brightness and chromaticity is observed by an observer located on the inner surface side of the cylindrical screen.

  In addition, the cylindrical screen in the case of front projection is a reflective screen in which the outer surface of the cylindrical screen is coated with a metal reflective film or a dielectric reflective film, and the projector array unit approximately matches the curvature of the cylindrical screen in front of the inner surface of the cylindrical screen. The three-dimensional image formed in the space is formed by projecting the principal rays reflected by the pixels as secondary light sources in different directions and with different brightness and chromaticity. Observed by an observer located on the inner surface of the screen.

  According to the present embodiment, the use of the cylindrical screen can alleviate the requirement for the maximum light emission angle.

(Tenth embodiment)
In the tenth embodiment of the autostereoscopic display device according to the present invention, a screen having isotropic diffusion characteristics instead of the screen of any one of the first to ninth embodiments. Is used.

  According to the present embodiment, after the light beam from the spatial light modulator is imaged on the screen, the chief light beam is diffused in the vertical direction and the horizontal direction using the pixels on the screen as the secondary light source, respectively. The same image formation F number is emitted in each horizontal direction. Therefore, in the present embodiment, light beams having different luminance and chromaticity are emitted also in the vertical direction, and motion parallax similar to that in the horizontal direction is realized. This is IP (integral photography) that does not use a lens array.

  The difference between this embodiment and normal IP is that it is easy to obtain a wide viewing zone because it is not affected by the aberration of the lens array. On the other hand, with respect to the uniformity of the luminance of the image, it is easier to obtain uniform luminance characteristics by using the lens array.

(Eleventh embodiment)
In the eleventh embodiment of the autostereoscopic display device according to the present invention, a dome screen is used instead of the screen of any one of the first to tenth embodiments. . The dome screen has a hollow hemispherical inner surface or outer surface as a screen, and includes a rear projection transmission dome screen and a front projection reflection dome screen.

  In the case of a rear projection, a transmissive dome screen has a projector array unit arranged behind the dome screen to form pixels on the outer surface of the dome screen, and the pixels are used as secondary light sources in different directions from each other. A three-dimensional image formed in the space by projecting inside the dome screen with different luminance and chromaticity is observed by an observer located inside the dome screen.

  In the case of front projection, the reflective dome screen is a reflective screen in which the outer surface of the dome screen is coated with a metal reflective film or a dielectric reflective film, and the projector array unit is made to substantially coincide with the center of curvature inside the dome screen. The three-dimensional image formed in the space is formed by projecting the principal rays reflected by the pixels as secondary light sources in different directions with different luminance and chromaticity. Observed by an observer located inside

  In this embodiment, a light beam from a spatial light modulation element arranged on a spherical surface in front of or behind the dome screen is reflected or transmitted to a dome screen having a small diffusion angle through a wide-angle projection lens, and has a high directivity. As a result, the three-dimensional image can be formed while shifting the projection image on the front surface of the screen while applying the non-common image plane projector array unit of the present invention.

  In the present embodiment, since the Fresnel lens is not used, there is almost no limitation on the screen emission angle, and it is possible to view 3D dome content such as a three-dimensional planetary rim without glasses. This is not possible with a configuration using a Fresnel lens, and the present embodiment can realize an autostereoscopic display in which the unprecedented presence has been dramatically improved.

It is a figure which shows the basic composition of the electric system of the autostereoscopic display apparatus of this invention. It is a figure which shows the basic composition of the optical system of 1st Embodiment of the autostereoscopic display apparatus of this invention. It is a perspective view which shows the relationship between a projector array and a screen. FIG. 3 is a schematic front view of the projector array unit in FIGS. 1 and 2. It is a conceptual diagram which shows the light ray inject | emitted from 1 pixel on a screen. It is a conceptual diagram in which the light rays from different pixels on the screen form a stereoscopic image. It is a conceptual diagram which shows the mechanism in which a three-dimensional image is formed. It is a top view (the 1) explaining the process of the structure of 1st Embodiment of the autostereoscopic display apparatus of this invention. It is a front view of the principal part of FIG. It is a top view (the 2) explaining the process of the structure of 1st Embodiment of the autostereoscopic display apparatus of this invention. It is a top view (the 3) explaining the process of the structure of 1st Embodiment of the autostereoscopic display apparatus of this invention. It is a top view (the 4) explaining the process of the structure of 1st Embodiment of the autostereoscopic display apparatus of this invention. It is a block diagram of the optical system of 1st Embodiment of the autostereoscopic display apparatus of this invention. It is a graph which illustrates that a viewing zone is expanded by the present invention. It is a basic block diagram of the optical system of 2nd Embodiment of the autostereoscopic display apparatus of this invention. It is a basic composition figure of the modification 1 of the optical system of 2nd Embodiment of the autostereoscopic display apparatus of this invention. It is a basic composition figure of the modification 2 of the optical system of 2nd Embodiment of the autostereoscopic display apparatus of this invention. It is a basic block diagram of the modification 3 of the optical system of 2nd Embodiment of the autostereoscopic display apparatus of this invention. It is a top view of the optical system of 3rd Embodiment of the autostereoscopic display apparatus of this invention. It is a front view of the optical system of 3rd Embodiment of the autostereoscopic display apparatus of this invention. It is a basic block diagram of the optical system of 4th Embodiment of the autostereoscopic display apparatus of this invention. It is a basic block diagram of the optical system of 5th Embodiment of the autostereoscopic display apparatus of this invention. It is a figure which shows the basic composition of the principal part of the optical system of 6th Embodiment of the autostereoscopic display apparatus of this invention, a general block diagram, and a modification. It is a block diagram of the optical system of 7th Embodiment of the autostereoscopic display apparatus of this invention. It is a block diagram of each example of the principal part of 8th Embodiment of the autostereoscopic display apparatus of this invention. It is a perspective view of the modification of the optical system of 3rd Embodiment of the autostereoscopic display apparatus of this invention. It is a block diagram of the optical system of an example of the conventional autostereoscopic display apparatus.

Explanation of symbols

1 Autostereoscopic display device 2 Personal computer (PC)
3 Hub 4-1 to 4-n Network Attached Storage (NAS)
5-1 to 5-n Projector (PJ) 5
6 screen 10-14, 11R, 11L, 12R, 12L, 13R, 13L, 14R, 14L Projector array unit 10a-10i Spatial light modulator 20a-20i, 21a-21f Projection lens 50 Vertical diffusion screen 50A-50E On screen Pixel 51A, 51B Reflective vertical diffusion screen 52, 55 Light diffusion surface (lenticular or hologram surface)
53 Metal reflective film or dielectric reflective film 70R, 70L Mirror

Claims (7)

A plurality of projection lenses that are two-dimensionally arranged in both the horizontal and vertical directions, and arranged at equal intervals in the horizontal direction;
Provided in a one-to-one correspondence with the plurality of projection lenses, and disposed on the object plane of the projection lens provided correspondingly and decentered with respect to the optical axis of the projection lens. A plurality of spatial light modulators for displaying a two-dimensional image;
An illumination optical system for irradiating illumination light to each of the plurality of spatial light modulation elements;
A principal ray modulated on the luminance and chromaticity of the illumination light emitted from the pixels of the plurality of spatial light modulators on the image plane of the plurality of projection lenses is imaged at a predetermined position, A screen for displaying a stereoscopic image in space by projecting the principal ray in different directions and with different brightness and chromaticity using each of the plurality of imaged pixels as a secondary light source. 3D display device.   The angle pitch of the principal ray projected in a different direction from each of the plurality of pixels imaged on the screen, the F value of the plurality of projection lenses, the horizontal diffusion angle of the screen, or the illumination optical system The autostereoscopic display device according to claim 1, further comprising means for matching the F value. A configuration comprising the plurality of projection lenses, the plurality of spatial light modulation elements, and the illumination optical system, wherein a plurality of pixels common to the screen are imaged by the principal rays respectively projected from the plurality of projection lenses. When a projector array unit is used, a plurality of second projector array units that are shifted in the horizontal direction and by a predetermined interval in one direction are arranged with respect to the first projector array unit, and the horizontal direction and the one direction are arranged. A plurality of third projector array units shifted by the predetermined interval in the opposite direction, and
The chief rays emitted from the screen are projected in a telecentric manner with each of a plurality of pixels imaged on the screen from the first to third projector array units as a secondary light source. Item 3. The autostereoscopic display device according to Item 1 or 2. The plurality of projection lenses, the plurality of spatial light modulation elements, and the illumination optical system, and the image planes of the plurality of pixels that form an image on the screen by the principal rays respectively projected from the plurality of projection lenses. When the non-common image plane projector array unit is configured as a non-common image plane projector array unit, a plurality of non-common image plane projector array units shifted by a predetermined interval in the horizontal direction are arranged,
2. The chief rays emitted from the screen are telecentrically projected to each other using each of a plurality of pixels imaged on the screen from the non-common image plane projector array unit as a secondary light source. Or the autostereoscopic display device according to 2.   6. The apparatus according to claim 1, further comprising means for electrically correcting distortion or lateral chromatic aberration of an image from the plurality of spatial light modulation elements projected on the screen. Autostereoscopic display device. A plurality of first projection lenses that are two-dimensionally arranged in both the horizontal and vertical directions and arranged at equal intervals in the horizontal direction;
A plurality of second projection lenses that are two-dimensionally arranged in directions inclined with respect to both the horizontal and vertical directions and arranged at equal intervals in a direction inclined with respect to the horizontal direction;
The plurality of first projection lenses are provided in a one-to-one correspondence with each other on the object plane of the first projection lens provided in correspondence with the optical axis of the first projection lens. A plurality of first spatial light modulation elements arranged at positions eccentric with respect to each other to display a two-dimensional image;
The plurality of second projection lenses are provided in a one-to-one correspondence with each other on the object plane of the second projection lens provided in correspondence with the optical axis of the second projection lens. A plurality of second spatial light modulators that display a two-dimensional image and are arranged at positions that are eccentric with respect to each other;
An illumination optical system for irradiating illumination light to each of the plurality of first and second spatial light modulation elements;
The brightness and chromaticity of the illumination light that is on the image planes of the plurality of first and second projection lenses and emitted from the pixels of the plurality of first and second spatial light modulation elements, respectively, are modulated. The principal ray is imaged at a predetermined position, and each of the imaged pixels (50A to 50E) is used as a secondary light source to project the principal ray in different directions and with different luminance and chromaticity, An autostereoscopic display device comprising: a screen for displaying a stereoscopic image in space.   The optical axis of the second spatial light modulator is decentered in parallel to the optical axis of the second projection lens, and is decentered with an inclination with respect to the optical axis of the projection lens. The autostereoscopic display device according to claim 6.