JP2010015931A - Power supply device using secondary battery - Google Patents

Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a power supply device for heavy motor vehicle, which can achieve space saving (miniaturization) while acquiring or improving cooling capability. <P>SOLUTION: Each of inlet ports of a module battery set and suction ports 10 provided to a vessel 2 are connected with common air intake ducts 18, and cooling air flow is introduced from the outside of the vessel 2 into a module battery 5 constituting the module battery set. Each of exhaust ports of the module battery 5 and discharge ports provided to the vessel 2 are connected with common exhaust ducts 16, and the cooling air flow is discharged from the module battery 5 to the outside of the vessel. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2010,JPO&INPIT

Description

  The present invention relates to a power supply device using a plurality of secondary batteries, and particularly to improve cooling performance without increasing the size of the device.

  Conventionally, a battery power supply device for a passenger car as described in Patent Document 1 is known. This battery power supply apparatus is configured by accommodating a plurality of assembled batteries, each of which is formed by connecting a plurality of high-performance secondary batteries (single cells) such as nickel metal hydride batteries and lithium batteries in series or in parallel, in a holder case.

JP-A-10-270006

  In the battery power supply device for passenger cars of Patent Document 1, cooling air is introduced into the holder case by a sirocco fan in order to suppress heat generation of a plurality of assembled batteries. In large vehicles such as buses and trucks, the required output voltage and output capacity are much higher than battery power supplies for passenger cars. Therefore, although it is assumed that a plurality of power supply devices as disclosed in Patent Document 1 are used, the cooling method in this case is not studied in Patent Document 1.

  A power supply device according to the present invention is configured by housing a plurality of single cells in a module housing, and an air inlet for introducing cooling air into the housing and an exhaust port for exhausting the introduced cooling air are provided in the module housing. In addition, a container provided with at least two module batteries, the suction port for introducing the cooling air into the container and the discharge port for discharging the introduced cooling air, while accommodating the at least two module batteries inside, An intake duct that connects each intake port of the module battery and the intake port provided in the container to introduce cooling air into the module battery from the outside of the container, and each exhaust port of the module battery and the container An exhaust duct for connecting the provided discharge port and exhausting cooling air from the module battery to the outside of the container is provided.

  ADVANTAGE OF THE INVENTION According to this invention, the cooling structure of the power supply device formed by accommodating the at least 2 module battery comprised with a some assembled battery in a container can be reduced in size.

-First embodiment-
The present invention is characterized in that it is configured to improve the cooling performance of a power supply device for a large vehicle using a secondary battery. An embodiment in which the present invention is applied to a power supply device for a large automobile will be described with reference to FIGS.

  In an embodiment described below, a case where a power supply device for a large vehicle is applied to a drive power source of a drive system for a large hybrid vehicle will be described as an example. Large hybrid vehicles include passenger cars such as hybrid buses and freight vehicles such as hybrid trucks. The configuration described below can also be applied to railway vehicles such as hybrid trains.

<Schematic configuration of large hybrid vehicle drive system>
First, a drive system for a large hybrid vehicle will be described with reference to FIG.
FIG. 13 shows a schematic configuration of a drive system for a large hybrid vehicle.

  The drive system of the hybrid vehicle 100 of this example drives the generator 102 using the rotational power of the engine 101 which is an internal combustion engine, drives the motor generator 103 using the electric power generated by this drive, and by this drive The driving power 104 (for example, the rear wheel) is driven using the generated rotational power, and the energy flow from the engine 101 to the driving wheel 104 is a series hybrid system that is a series. According to such a series hybrid type drive system, the engine 101 can be steadily operated in a region where fuel consumption and exhaust gas are good regardless of the driving of the drive wheels 104, so that the fuel consumption can be improved compared to a normal engine-driven vehicle. At the same time, nitrogen oxides contained in the exhaust gas can be reduced by more than half.

  As a drive system for a hybrid vehicle, an engine and a motor generator are arranged in parallel with respect to the drive wheels in a flow of energy (in terms of structure, the engine and the motor generator are connected in series via a clutch) The so-called parallel hybrid system or series hybrid system that can drive the drive wheel by the rotational power of the engine, drive the drive wheel by the rotational power of the motor generator, and drive the wheel by the rotational power of both the engine and the motor generator Series / Parallel Hybrid System (A part of the rotational power of the engine is distributed to the generator motor generator to generate power, and the motor motor generator for driving can be driven by the resulting power. May be adopted.

  The engine 101 and the generator 102 are mounted as power generation-dedicated power equipment that generates power necessary for driving the motor generator 103. The engine 101 and the generator 102 are mechanically connected by mutually connecting the rotation shafts. As a mechanical connection between the engine 101 and the generator 102, a system may be employed in which pulleys are attached to the respective rotation shafts of the engine 101 and the generator 102, and the pulleys are connected by a belt.

  The engine 101 is a prime mover that generates rotational power necessary for driving the generator 102, and is a diesel engine that converts thermal energy obtained by burning a mixture of light oil and air into mechanical energy (rotational power). . As the engine 101, a gasoline engine, a gas engine, a biofuel engine, a hydrogen engine, or the like may be used. Further, instead of the engine 101, another prime mover such as a gas turbine may be employed. The engine 101 is driven by a plurality of air valves (throttle valves, supply / exhaust valves) and fuel valves controlled by an engine control device (not shown), and the amount of fuel supplied to the cylinder and the supply / exhaust of air are controlled. It is controlled by being controlled.

  The generator 102 is driven by the rotational power output from the engine 101 and is a rotating electrical machine that generates electric power necessary for driving the motor generator 103, and generates three-phase AC power using magnetic flux of a permanent magnet. This is a permanent magnet field type three-phase AC synchronous rotating electric machine. As the generator 102, a winding field type three-phase AC synchronous rotating electric machine, a three-phase AC induction rotating electric machine, or the like that generates three-phase AC power using a magnetic flux generated by exciting a winding may be adopted. The power generation of the generator 102 is controlled by controlling the rotational power output from the engine 101 and controlling the rotational speed of the generator 102. Further, in the case of power generation by a winding field type three-phase AC synchronous rotating electric machine, the field current flowing in the field winding is controlled simultaneously with the rotation speed of the generator.

  The generator 102 may be used as an engine starting motor that generates rotational power for starting the engine 101 when the engine 101 is started.

  The power supply device 1 is electrically connected to the generator 102 via the first power conversion device 105. A motor generator 103 is electrically connected to the power supply device 1 via a second power conversion device 106.

  The first and second power conversion devices 105 and 106 are control devices that control power transfer between the generator 102, the power supply device 1, and the motor generator 103, and include a plurality of switching semiconductor elements (for example, MOSFET: metal). It includes a power conversion circuit composed of an oxide semiconductor field effect transistor (IGBT: insulated gate bipolar transistor). The power conversion circuit of the first power conversion device 105 is an electrical circuit in which two switching semiconductor elements (an upper arm and a lower arm) are electrically connected in series. It is configured by a three-phase bridge circuit connected in parallel, and the electric power between the generator 102 and the power supply device 1 is converted by controlling the operation (on / off) of the six switching semiconductor elements. The power conversion circuit of the second power conversion device 106 is also configured in the same manner as the first power conversion device 105, and the operation (on / off) of the six switching semiconductor elements is controlled, so that the power supply device 1 The electric power between the motor generator 103 is converted.

  The side opposite to the lower arm connection side of each upper arm is electrically connected to the DC positive electrode side of the power supply device 1, and the side opposite to the upper arm connection side of each lower arm is electrically connected to the DC negative electrode side of the power supply device 1. Yes. The middle point of each arm in the power conversion circuit of the first power conversion device 105, that is, the connection side of the upper arm and the lower arm is electrically connected to the generator 102. The middle point of each arm in the power conversion circuit of the second power converter 106, that is, the connection side of the upper arm and the lower arm is electrically connected to the motor generator 103.

  A smoothing capacitor is electrically connected in parallel between the positive DC side and the negative DC side of each power conversion circuit. The smoothing capacitor is provided in order to suppress voltage fluctuations caused by high-speed switching (on / off) operation of switching semiconductor elements constituting the power conversion circuit and inductance parasitic on the conversion circuit. An electrolytic capacitor or a film capacitor is used as the smoothing capacitor.

  The first power converter 105 electrically provided between the generator 102 and the power supply device 1 is an AC that converts the three-phase AC power output from the generator 4 into DC power when the generator 102 generates power. -A DC-AC conversion circuit (inverter) that functions as a DC conversion circuit (rectifier circuit) and converts DC power output from the power supply device 1 into three-phase AC power when the generator 102 is operated as an engine starting motor. Function as. The positive and negative terminals of the module battery of the power supply device 1 are electrically connected to the direct current side of the first power conversion device 105. There is one phase of the armature winding of the generator 102 in the middle of one series circuit (between two switching semiconductor elements) in the middle of the three series circuits constituting the power conversion circuit of the first power converter 105. The armature windings of the generator 102 are electrically connected so that the other windings are electrically connected.

  The second power conversion device 106 electrically provided between the motor generator 103 and the power supply device 1 converts the DC power output from the power supply device 1 into a three-phase AC when the motor generator 103 is operated as a motor. An AC-function that functions as a DC-AC conversion circuit that converts electric power and converts the three-phase AC power output from the motor generator 103 into DC power when the motor generator 103 is operated as a generator during regenerative braking. Functions as a DC conversion circuit. The positive and negative terminals of the module battery of the power supply device 1 are electrically connected to the DC side of the second power converter 106. The middle of the three series circuits (between two switching semiconductor elements) constituting the power conversion circuit of the second power converter 106 is one of the armature windings of the motor generator 103 in the middle of one series circuit. The armature windings of the motor generator 103 are electrically connected so that the phase windings are electrically connected.

  Here, the case where the first and second power converters 105 and 106 are configured as separate units has been described as an example, but may be configured as a single unit.

  The motor generator 103 is a prime mover for driving the drive wheels 104, and includes an armature (stator) and a field (rotor) disposed opposite to the armature and rotatably held. Generates rotational power required to drive the drive wheel 104 based on the magnetic action of the rotating magnetic field that is formed by the three-phase AC power supplied to the slave winding and rotates at the synchronous speed, and the magnetic flux of the permanent magnet. This is a permanent magnet field type three-phase AC synchronous rotating electric machine.

  When the motor generator 103 is driven as a motor, the armature receives a supply of three-phase AC power controlled by the second power converter 106 to generate a rotating magnetic field, and drives the motor generator 103 as a generator. Sometimes it is a part that generates three-phase AC power by interlinkage of magnetic flux, and magnetic armature core (stator core) and three-phase armature winding (stator winding) attached to the armature core Line). The field is a part that generates a field magnetic flux when the motor generator 103 is driven as a motor or a generator, and a field core (rotor core) that is a magnetic body and a permanent that is attached to the field core. And a magnet.

  As the motor generator 103, the rotational power is based on the magnetic action of the rotating magnetic field that is formed by the three-phase AC power supplied to the armature winding and rotates at the synchronous speed, and the magnetic flux generated by the excitation of the winding. A winding field type three-phase AC synchronous rotating electric machine or a three-phase AC induction rotating electric machine that generates In the case of a wound field type three-phase AC synchronous rotating electric machine, the configuration of the armature is basically the same as that of a permanent magnet field type three-phase AC synchronous rotating electric machine. On the other hand, the configuration of the field is different, and a field winding (rotor winding) is wound around a field iron core that is a magnetic material. In a wound field type three-phase AC synchronous rotating electric machine, a permanent magnet may be attached to a field core around which a field winding is wound to suppress leakage of magnetic flux due to the winding. The field winding generates a magnetic flux when excited by receiving a field current from an external power source.

  An axle 109 of the drive wheel 104 is mechanically connected to the motor generator 103 via a transmission 107 and a differential gear 108. The transmission 107 changes the rotational power output from the motor generator 103 and transmits it to the differential gear 108. The differential gear 108 transmits the rotational power output from the transmission 107 to the left and right axles 109. The motor generator 103 and the transmission 107 may be configured as an integral unit. The transmission 107 and the differential gear 108 are mechanically connected by a propeller shaft.

  The power supply device 1 charges the electric power generated when the motor generator 103 is regenerated and the electric power generated by the generator 102 as driving electric power for the motor generator 103. When the motor generator 103 is driven, the electric power necessary for this driving is charged. Is a battery system composed of several hundreds of lithium ion batteries so as to have a high voltage, for example, a rated voltage of 600 V or higher.

  The detailed configuration of the power supply device 1 will be described later.

  In addition to the motor generator 103 and the generator 102, the power supply device 1 includes an electric actuator that supplies power to an in-vehicle auxiliary device (for example, a power steering device, an air brake), a rated voltage lower than that of the power supply device 1, and A low-voltage battery or the like, which is an electric power supply for supplying driving power to a product (for example, a light, an audio, or an on-vehicle electronic control device), is electrically connected via a DC / DC converter. The DC / DC converter is a step-up / step-down device that steps down the output voltage of the power supply device 1 and supplies it to an electric actuator or a low-voltage battery, or boosts the output voltage of the low-voltage battery and supplies it to the power supply device 1 or the like. In some cases, the power supply device 1 is housed in the same housing. A lead battery having a rated voltage of 24v is used as the low voltage battery. As the low voltage battery, a lithium ion battery or a nickel metal hydride battery having the same rated voltage may be used.

  The motor generator 103, the first and second power converters 105 and 106, the generator 102, the engine 101, and the transmission 107 are disposed in the vicinity of the differential gear 108 under the vehicle floor. In the case of a non-step type or low-floor type hybrid bus or hybrid train, the power supply device 1 is disposed in a storage portion provided on the roof of the vehicle. In this case, the storage portion is formed so as to protrude upward from the roof. Further, in the case of a stilt hybrid bus or hybrid truck with steps, the power supply device 1 is disposed under the floor of the vehicle and in the vicinity of the first and second power converters 105 and 106. By providing the power supply device 1 in the vicinity of the first and second power conversion devices 105 and 106, the electrical wiring length between the first and second power conversion devices 105 and 106 and the power supply device 1 can be shortened, and the inductance can be reduced. Can be reduced.

  When the hybrid vehicle 100 is powered (starting, accelerating, normal traveling, etc.), when a positive torque command is given to the motor controller 110 and the operation of the second power converter 106 is controlled, the direct current stored in the power supply device 1 is stored. The electric power is converted into three-phase AC power by the second power converter 106 and supplied to the motor generator 103. As a result, the motor generator 103 is driven to generate rotational power. The generated rotational power is transmitted to the axle 109 via the transmission 107 and the differential gear 108 to drive the drive wheels 104. When the amount of power stored in the power supply device 1 decreases due to this driving, the generator 102 is driven by the operation of the engine 101 to generate three-phase AC power. The generated three-phase AC power is converted into DC power by the first power converter 105 and charged into the power supply device 1.

  At the time of regeneration of the hybrid vehicle 100 (deceleration, braking, etc.), when a negative torque command is given to the motor controller 110 and the operation of the second power conversion device 106 is controlled, the electric drive driven by the rotational power of the drive wheels 104 Three-phase AC power generated from the generator 2 is converted into DC power and supplied to the power supply device 1. Thereby, the converted DC power is charged in the power supply device 1.

  The motor controller 110 calculates a current command value from the torque command value output from the host control device, and difference between the current command value and the actual current flowing between the motor generator 102 and the second power converter 106. Based on the voltage command value, a PWM (pulse width modulation) signal is generated based on the calculated voltage command value, and the PWM signal is output to the first and second power converters 105 and 106.

<Overall configuration of power supply 1>
Next, the overall configuration of the power supply device 1 will be described with reference to FIG.
FIG. 14 shows an electrical circuit configuration of the power supply device 1.
As described above, the power supply device 1 is an in-vehicle power supply for driving the motor generator 103, and is electrically connected to the motor generator 103 via the second power conversion device 106, and the second power conversion device 106. Is used to control charging and discharging. The power supply device 1 can be broadly divided into a general battery control device (upper battery control device) 200, a battery module unit 600 composed of a series-parallel connection of eight module battery sets 500, and a battery module unit 600 and a power module 111 is configured with a relay unit 300 for controlling electrical connection with 111.

  The second power converter 106 is an electronic device that controls the above-described power conversion (converting DC power into three-phase AC power or converting three-phase AC power into DC power) by operating a switching semiconductor element (ON / OFF). The power module 111 and the driver device 112 are provided.

  The power module 111 is a part constituting the above-described power conversion circuit, and the DC positive / negative electrode side is electrically connected to the positive / negative terminal of the battery module unit 600 via the relay unit 300, and is output from the driver device 112. Switching (on / off) operation is performed by driving signals for the arms (for six switching semiconductor elements), and the DC power output from the battery module unit 600 is converted into three-phase AC power and output to the motor generator 103. Alternatively, the three-phase AC power output from the motor generator 103 is converted into DC power and output to the power supply device 1.

  The driver device 112 generates a drive signal for operating the power module 111 based on the command signal (PWM signal) output from the motor controller 110, and uses the generated drive signal as a gate of six switching semiconductor elements. Output to electrode. The six switching semiconductor elements are turned on / off based on the drive signal output from the driver device 112.

  The relay unit 300 includes a positive side main contactor 310, a negative side main contactor 320, a positive side precharge contactor 330, and a positive side precharge resistor 340. The overall battery control device 200 controls the opening and closing of the positive side main contactor 310, the negative side main contactor 320, and the positive side precharge contactor 330 based on an opening / closing command signal output from the host controller.

  The positive side of the battery module unit 600 is electrically connected to one side of the fixed contact of the positive side main contactor 310, and the positive side of the power module 111 is electrically connected to the other side via a high voltage cable. The negative electrode side of the battery module unit 600 is electrically connected to one side of the fixed contact of the negative electrode side main contactor 320, and the negative electrode side of the power module 111 is electrically connected to the other side via a high voltage cable. A positive side precharge circuit in which a positive side precharge contactor 330 and a positive side precharge resistor 340 are electrically connected in series is electrically connected in parallel between fixed contacts of the positive side main contactor 310.

  The precharge contactor is charged before charging the main contactor and is used to charge a smoothing capacitor electrically connected to the power module 111 in parallel. This is because the charge of the smoothing capacitor is substantially zero at the start of the operation of the second power conversion device 106, and when the main contactor is turned on in this state, a large initial current flows from the battery module unit 600 toward the second power conversion device 106. May flow and the fixed contact and the movable contact of the main contactor (especially the positive electrode side) may be fused and damaged. For this reason, a precharge circuit is provided in parallel with the main contactor, and when the operation of the second power converter 106 is started, first, the precharge contactor is turned on to charge the smoothing capacitor. When the smoothing capacitor is charged to a predetermined voltage, the main contactor is turned on to open the precharge contactor. As a result, the current flowing through the main contactor can be reduced below the allowable current, so that the main contactor can be protected from a large current, and the maximum current flowing through the battery module unit 600 and the second power conversion device 106 can be reduced below the allowable maximum current.

  The battery module unit 600 is a power storage unit configured by electrically connecting eight module battery sets 500 in series and parallel, and includes a battery module block on the high potential side and a battery module block on the low potential side. Yes. The battery module block on the high potential side is configured by electrically connecting four module battery sets 500 in parallel. Similarly, the battery module block on the low potential side includes four module battery sets 500 electrically connected in parallel. The negative electrode side of the battery module block on the high potential side and the positive electrode side of the battery module block on the low potential side are electrically connected in series via an SD (service disconnect) switch 700 for maintenance / inspection. The SD switch 700 includes a circuit in which a switch 710 and a fuse 720 are electrically connected in series.

  Each module battery set 500 includes a unit battery module 510 and a module battery set controller 520 for managing and controlling the state of the unit battery module 510.

  The unit battery module 510 includes two unit battery blocks (or unit battery packs), that is, a unit in which a high potential unit battery block 510a and a low potential unit battery block 510b are electrically connected in series. Each unit battery block contains an assembled battery. Each assembled battery is composed of a plurality of lithium single batteries (lithium cells) electrically connected in series.

  The module battery set control device 520 includes a lower battery controller 530 corresponding to a lower level with respect to the overall battery controller 200 and a cell controller 540 corresponding to a lower level with respect to the lower battery controller 530.

  The lower battery controller 530 manages and controls the state of the unit battery module 510 and notifies the general battery controller 200 of the state of the unit battery module 510 and the like. For management and control of the state of the unit battery module 510, measurement of the total voltage, total current, temperature, etc. of the unit battery module 510, calculation of the storage state (SOC), deterioration state (SOH), etc. of the unit battery module 510, cell There is a command output to the controller 540 and the like.

  The lower battery controller 530 detects the charging / discharging current of the unit battery module 510 based on an output signal from a current sensor electrically connected in series to the positive electrode side of the unit battery module 510. The lower battery controller 530 detects the total voltage of the unit battery module 510 based on an output signal of a voltage sensor electrically connected in parallel between the positive and negative electrodes of the unit battery module 510. The total voltage and charge / discharge current detected by each lower battery controller are transmitted to the general battery controller 200.

  The cell controller 540 is for managing and controlling the states of a plurality of lithium cells in accordance with commands from the lower battery controller 530, and is composed of a plurality of integrated circuits (ICs). The management and control of the states of the plurality of lithium cells include measurement of the voltage of each lithium cell, adjustment of the amount of electricity stored in each lithium cell. In each integrated circuit, a plurality of corresponding lithium cells are determined, and state management and control are performed on the corresponding plurality of lithium cells.

  The power source of the lower battery controller 530 is an auxiliary battery mounted as a power source for an in-vehicle auxiliary device such as a light or an audio device (in the case of a large vehicle, a 24V battery in which two batteries having a nominal output voltage of 12v are connected in series) Battery). For this reason, the voltage (for example, 24v) from the battery for auxiliary machines is applied to the low-order battery controller 530. The lower battery controller 530 steps down the applied voltage by a power supply circuit composed of a DC / DC converter (DC-DC converter) (for example, steps down to 5 V), and lowers the lower voltage controller 530 to the lower battery controller 530. A drive voltage is applied to the electronic components to be configured. Thereby, the electronic components constituting the lower battery controller 530 operate.

  A plurality of corresponding lithium single cells are used as the power source of the integrated circuit constituting the cell controller 540. For this reason, both the cell controller 540 and the unit battery module 510 are electrically connected via a connection line. The voltage of the highest potential of a corresponding plurality of lithium cells is applied to each integrated circuit via a connection line. Each integrated circuit steps down the applied voltage (for example, down to 5 V) by a power supply circuit, and uses this as an operation power supply.

  The overall battery control device 200 communicates in parallel with each of the eight module battery sets 500 constituting the battery module unit 600 to monitor the charging state, the operating state, etc. of each of the eight module battery sets 500. At the same time, it is an electronic circuit device that adjusts the state of charge of each of the eight module battery sets 500 and detects an abnormality, and is configured by mounting a plurality of electronic circuit components including a microcomputer on a circuit board. . Further, the overall battery control device 200 controls the opening and closing of the relay unit 300 based on a command signal from the host control device. Further, the overall battery control device 200 communicates with the host control device, and information on allowable charge / discharge power or allowable charge / discharge current that can be supplied from the battery module unit 600 or accepted by the battery module unit 600, an abnormality detection result, a battery Information on the state of charge of the module unit 600 is output to the host controller, and an activation signal based on the operation of the ignition key switch, a command signal for opening and closing the relay unit 300, and the like are input. The host control device indicates the motor controller 110 and the host vehicle control device.

  The overall battery control apparatus 200 includes a leak detector 400. The leak detector 400 is an electric circuit that is provided between the relay unit 300 and the power module 111 and detects the presence or absence of a leak between the battery module unit 600 and the vehicle body ground. A resistor voltage divider circuit electrically connected via a semiconductor switch is provided. The overall battery control device 200 controls the semiconductor switch to electrically connect the resistance voltage dividing circuit between the DC positive and negative electrodes and the vehicle body ground, and reads voltage information obtained from the resistance voltage dividing circuit by the connection, It is determined whether there is a leak between the battery module unit 600 and the vehicle body ground. If there is a leak, the overall battery control device 200 notifies the host control device to that effect, and issues a warning to the driver by turning on a warning light on the driver's seat or by voice notification. As a result, the vehicle can be safely driven in a state where necessary safety measures are taken, and the driver can be encouraged to perform early inspection and repair at the service center.

  As described above, the overall battery controller 200 receives the signal output from the ignition key switch. The signal output from the ignition key switch is a signal for starting and stopping the power supply device 1.

  When the ignition key switch is turned on, in the overall battery controller 200, the power supply circuit operates based on the output signal from the ignition key switch, and the drive voltage is applied from the power supply circuit to a plurality of electronic circuit components. Thereby, a plurality of electronic circuit components operate, and the overall battery controller 200 is activated. When the overall battery controller 200 is activated, an activation signal is output from the overall battery controller 200 to each lower battery controller 530 in parallel. In each lower battery controller 530, the power supply circuit operates based on the activation signal, and the drive voltage is applied from the power supply circuit to the plurality of electronic circuit components. Thereby, a plurality of electronic circuit components operate, and each lower battery controller 530 is activated.

  When each lower battery controller 530 is activated, an activation signal is output from the lower battery controller 530 to the corresponding cell controller 540. In the cell controller 540, the power supply circuits of a plurality of integrated circuits operate sequentially based on the start command. As a result, the plurality of integrated circuits are sequentially activated, and the cell controller 540 is activated. After activation of the cell controller 540, in each module battery set 500, predetermined initial processing is executed, and activation of the power supply device 1 is completed. A completion report to the host controller is output from the overall battery controller 200.

  Examples of the predetermined initial processing include measurement of voltage of each lithium cell, abnormality diagnosis, measurement of voltage, current, and temperature of the entire unit battery module 510, calculation of the storage state and deterioration state of the unit battery module 510, and the like.

  When the ignition key switch is turned off, a stop signal is output from the overall battery controller 200 to each lower battery controller 530 in parallel. When each lower battery controller 530 receives a stop signal, it outputs a stop signal to the corresponding cell controller 540. Thereby, in each module battery set 500, a predetermined end process is executed. When the predetermined end process ends, first, the power supply circuit of each integrated circuit of the cell controller 540 is turned off. Thereby, the cell controller 540 stops. When the corresponding cell controller 540 stops and communication with the cell controller 540 becomes impossible, the operation of the power supply circuit of each lower battery controller 530 is stopped, and the operation of a plurality of electronic circuit components is stopped. Thereby, the battery controller 530 stops. When each lower battery controller 530 stops and communication with each lower battery controller 530 becomes impossible, the operation of the power supply circuit of the overall battery controller 200 stops, and the operation of a plurality of electronic circuit components stops. As a result, the overall battery controller 200 stops and the power supply device 1 stops.

  Examples of the predetermined termination process include measurement of the voltage of each lithium cell and adjustment of the amount of power stored in each lithium cell.

  Communication via the in-vehicle local area network is used for information transmission between the overall battery controller 200 and the host controller such as the motor controller 110, and information transmission between the overall battery controller 200 and each lower battery controller 530. . LIN communication is used for information transmission between the lower battery controller 530 and the cell controller 540.

  The overall battery controller 200 controls electrical continuity and interruption by the relay unit 300 in response to a command signal output from the motor controller 110. The motor controller 110 outputs a command signal for continuity of the relay unit 300 to the overall battery controller 200 by receiving a notification of completion of activation of the power supply device 1 from the overall battery controller 200 when the on-vehicle electric system is activated. The overall battery controller 200 outputs a drive signal to the operating power supply of the relay unit 300 based on the command signal, and controls the relay unit 300 to be conductive. Further, the motor controller 110 receives an output signal or an abnormality signal from the ignition key switch when the on-vehicle electric system is stopped or when the on-vehicle electric system is abnormal, thereby blocking the relay unit 300 from the overall battery controller 200. A command signal is output. The general battery controller 200 outputs a drive signal to the operating power supply of the relay unit 300 based on the command signal, and controls the relay unit 300 to be conductive. A control signal is output to the relay unit 140 so that the relay unit 300 is disconnected.

  When starting the in-vehicle electric system, first, the negative-side main contactor 320 is turned on, and then the precharge contactor 330 is turned on. Thereby, after the current supplied from the battery module unit 600 is limited by the resistor 340, the current is supplied to the smoothing capacitor of the second power converter 106, and the smoothing capacitor is charged. After the smoothing capacitor is charged to a predetermined voltage, the positive side main contactor 310 is turned on, and the precharge contactor 330 is opened. As a result, the main current is supplied from the battery module unit 600 to the power module 111 via the positive-side main contactor 310. At this time, the main current is less than the allowable current of the positive-side main contactor 310 and the smoothing capacitor. Therefore, when the on-vehicle electric system is started, due to the electric charge of the smoothing capacitor being substantially zero, a large initial current instantaneously flows from the battery module unit 600 to the second power converter 106, and the smoothing capacitor generates high heat. Thus, the smoothing capacitor and the positive side main contactor 310 can be protected from a large current without causing an abnormality such as the fixed contact and the movable contact of the positive side main contactor 310 being fused.

  Information handled by each controller of the overall battery controller 200, the lower battery controller 530, and the cell controller 540 is collected.

  The cell controller 540 detects the voltage of each lithium cell and transmits the detected voltage to the corresponding lower battery controller 530. In addition, when there is an abnormality in the lithium cell or its own internal circuit, the cell controller 540 transmits information on the abnormality flag and the abnormality content to the corresponding lower battery controller 540.

  The lower battery controller 530 is provided inside the unit battery module 510, the voltage of each lithium cell transmitted from the corresponding cell controller 540, the voltage detection value transmitted from the voltage sensor, the current detection value transmitted from the current sensor. The temperature detection values transmitted from the plurality of temperature sensors (for example, thermistors) are used as input information, and the power storage of the corresponding unit battery module 510 is performed based on the initial information and input information of the lithium cell stored in advance. Calculates or detects quantity (SOC), deterioration state (SOH), allowable charge / discharge current, total voltage, charge / discharge current, maximum / minimum value of temperature, and maximum / minimum value of cell voltage, and transmits them to general battery controller 200 To do.

  The overall battery controller 200 includes a storage amount (SOC), a deterioration state (SOH), a charge / discharge allowable current, a total voltage, a charge / discharge current, a maximum / minimum temperature, and a maximum cell voltage transmitted from each lower battery controller 530. The minimum value is set as the input information, and based on the input information, the storage amount (SOC) of the battery module unit 600, the charge / discharge current suppression rate, the allowable charge / discharge power or the allowable charge / discharge current, total voltage, charge / discharge current, temperature The lithium cell voltage and the deterioration state (SOH) are calculated, and the information is transmitted to the host controller.

  Here, the storage amount (SOC) of the battery module unit 600 is an average value of the storage amount (SOC) of each unit battery module 510 transmitted from each lower battery controller 530. The charging / discharging current suppression rate or the allowable charging / discharging power or the allowable charging / discharging current of the battery module unit 600 includes the charge / discharge allowable current transmitted from each lower battery controller 530, the maximum / minimum value of the cell voltage, and the calculated battery module unit It is calculated based on information such as 600 stored amount (SOC). The total voltage of the battery module unit 600 includes an average value of the total voltage of the unit battery modules 510 belonging to the battery module block on the high potential side and an average value of the total voltages of the unit battery modules 510 belonging to the battery module block on the low potential side. Is the sum of The charging current of the battery module unit 600 is the sum of the charging currents of the unit battery modules 510 belonging to the high potential side battery module block and the sum of the charging currents of the unit battery modules 510 belonging to the low potential side battery module block. Is the minimum value. The discharge current of the battery module unit 600 is the sum of the discharge currents of the unit battery modules 510 belonging to the battery module block on the high potential side and the sum of the discharge currents of the unit battery modules 510 belonging to the battery module block on the low potential side. Is the minimum value. The temperature of the battery module unit 600 is the highest value and the lowest value of each unit battery module 510 transmitted from each lower battery controller 530. The cell voltage of the battery module unit 600 is the highest value and the lowest value among the cell voltages of each unit battery module 510 transmitted from each lower battery controller 530. The deterioration state (SOH) of the battery module unit 600 is the highest value and the lowest value among the deterioration states (SOH) of each unit battery module 510 transmitted from each lower battery controller 530.

<Configuration of module battery set control device>
Next, the module battery set control device 520 will be described with reference to FIG.
FIG. 15 shows an electrical connection configuration of the module battery set control device 520.
Of the module battery set control device 520, the lower battery controller 530 is composed of a plurality of electronic circuit components including a microcomputer 531 (hereinafter simply referred to as “microcomputer 531”). These electronic circuit components are mounted on a circuit board 532 and housed in a housing separate from the corresponding unit battery module 510. The housing that houses the lower battery controller 530 is disposed in the vicinity of the corresponding unit battery module 510 as a control electronic circuit.

  The cell controller 540 includes a plurality of electronic circuit components including 24 integrated circuits (ICs) 541A to 541X that are electrically connected to the lithium cell 511. These electronic circuit components are divided and mounted on corresponding circuit boards 542a and 542b according to the unit battery blocks 510a and 510b. The circuit boards 542a and 542b are housed in the housings of the corresponding unit battery blocks 510a and 510b, and are arranged at one end in the longitudinal direction of the housing.

  The cell controller 540 includes a plurality of circuit elements such as a plurality of resistors 543 and a plurality of photocouplers 544. The resistor 543 is a circuit element for consumption that is used when adjusting the charge amount of the lithium cell 511, and that converts the current discharged from the lithium cell 511 into heat and consumes it. Each of the integrated circuits 541A to 541X In contrast, four (R1 to R4) are provided. The photocoupler 544 transmits signals between the integrated circuit 541A corresponding to the start of the integrated circuits 541A to 541X and the microcomputer 531 and between the integrated circuit 541X corresponding to the final end of the integrated circuits 541A to 541X and the microcomputer 531. It is an interface circuit element provided on the path, and is an optical insulating element for transmitting and receiving signals having different potential levels between the integrated circuits 541A and 541X and the microcomputer 531.

  The plurality of lithium cells 511 are allocated to a plurality of groups corresponding to the integrated circuits 541A to 541X. In the present embodiment, 48 lithium unit cells 511 constituting the assembled battery of the unit cell block 510a on the high potential side and 48 lithium unit cells 511 constituting the assembled battery of the unit cell block 510b on the low potential side. 96 lithium unit cells 511 including the above are allocated to 24 groups. Specifically, 96 lithium unit cells 511 electrically connected in series are divided into four groups in order from the top in terms of the connection order, thereby forming 24 groups. That is, a group of lithium cells electrically connected in series from the first lithium cell 511 to the fourth lithium cell 511 in potential is the first group, and the fifth lithium cell in potential. A group of lithium cells electrically connected in series from 511 to the eighth lithium cell 511 in potential is a second group,..., A potential 92 from the 89th lithium cell 511 in potential. A group of lithium cells connected in series up to the lithium ion cell 511 is the 23rd group, and the electric potential from the 93th lithium cell 511 to the 96th lithium cell 511 is potential. 96 lithium cell batteries 511 are grouped so that a group of lithium cell cells connected in series is called a 24th group.

  In this embodiment, a case where a plurality of lithium unit cells 511 are divided into 12 groups for each battery block will be described as an example. However, as a method of grouping, 96 lithium unit cells 511 are divided into 6 groups. Each book may be divided into 16 groups.

  The positive electrode side and the negative electrode side of each of the four lithium single cells 511 (BC1 to BC4) constituting the first group are electrically connected to the integrated circuit 541A through the connection line 548 and the substrate wiring 547. As a result, the integrated circuit 541A receives analog signals based on the terminal voltages of the four lithium single cells 511 constituting the first group via the connection line 548 and the substrate wiring 54. The integrated circuit 541A includes an analog-to-digital converter, and sequentially converts the captured analog signals into digital signals, and detects the terminal voltages of the four lithium single cells 511 constituting the first group. Similarly to the integrated circuit 541A, the integrated circuits 541B to 541X are electrically connected to the positive electrode side and the negative electrode side of the four lithium unit cells 511 constituting the corresponding group via the connection line 547 and the substrate wiring 548, respectively. The terminal voltages of the four lithium cell cells 511 connected and constituting the corresponding group are captured and detected.

  Between each positive electrode side and the negative electrode side (between terminals) of the four lithium single cells 511 constituting the first group, there are resistors 543 (R1 to R4), switching semiconductor elements built in the integrated circuit 541A, and Are connected in series via a connection line 548 and a substrate wiring 547. In the other groups, as in the case of the first group, a bypass series circuit is electrically connected in parallel between the positive electrode side and the negative electrode side of the lithium cell 511.

  Based on the charge state adjustment command output from the lower battery controller 530, the integrated circuit 541A causes the switching semiconductor elements to individually conduct for a predetermined time, and the positive and negative sides of the four lithium single cells 511 constituting the first group. The bypass series circuit is individually and electrically connected in parallel with each other. Thereby, the lithium cell 511 in which the bypass series circuit is electrically connected in parallel is discharged, and the state of charge (SOC) is adjusted. Similarly to the integrated circuit 541A, the integrated circuits 541B to 541X individually control the conduction of the switching semiconductor elements of the bypass series circuit electrically connected in parallel to the four lithium single cells 511 constituting the corresponding group. Thus, the state of charge SOC of the four lithium cells 511 constituting the corresponding group is individually adjusted.

  As described above, the integrated circuits 541A to 541X individually control the conduction of the switching semiconductor elements of the bypass series circuit electrically connected in parallel to the four lithium cells 511 constituting the corresponding group. If the charge state SOCs of the four lithium cell cells 511 constituting the battery are individually adjusted, the charge state SOCs of the lithium cell cells 511 of all groups can be made uniform, and overcharge of the lithium cell cells 511 can be suppressed.

  The integrated circuits 541A to 541X detect an abnormal state of the four lithium single cells 511 constituting the corresponding group. Abnormal conditions include overcharge and overdischarge. In each of the integrated circuits 541A to 541X, overcharge and overdischarge are performed by comparing the detected value of the terminal voltage of the four lithium cells 511 constituting the corresponding group with each of the overcharge threshold and the overdischarge threshold. To detect. Overcharge is determined when the detected value of the terminal voltage exceeds the overcharge threshold, and overdischarge is determined when the detected value of the terminal voltage falls below the overdischarge threshold. Further, the integrated circuits 541A to 541X self-diagnose an abnormality of its own internal circuit, for example, an abnormality of a switching semiconductor element used for adjusting a charging state, an abnormality of temperature, and the like.

  As described above, the integrated circuits 541A to 541X all have the same function, that is, the terminal voltage detection of the four lithium single cells 511 (BC1 to BC4) of the corresponding group, the adjustment of the charging state, the detection of the abnormal state, and the inside of the self It is constituted by the same internal circuit so as to execute circuit abnormality diagnosis.

  A plurality of terminals that are electrically connected to the battery module 510 side are provided on one side of each of the integrated circuits 541A to 541X. The plurality of terminals include a power supply terminal (Vcc), voltage terminals (V1 to V4, GND), and bypass terminals (B1 to B4). A substrate wiring 547 that is electrically connected to the connection line 548 is electrically connected to the voltage terminals (V1 to V4, GND). The switching semiconductor element side of the resistor 543 is electrically connected to the bypass terminals (B1 to B4) via the substrate wiring 547. The side opposite to the switching semiconductor element side of the resistor 543 is electrically connected to the substrate wiring 547 that is electrically connected to the voltage terminal via the substrate wiring 547. The power supply terminal (Vcc) is electrically connected to the substrate wiring 547 electrically connected to the voltage terminal V1 (voltage terminal electrically connected to the positive electrode side of the lithium battery cell 511 on the highest potential side). ing.

  Both the voltage terminals (V1 to V4, GND) and the bypass terminals (B1 to B4) are alternately arranged according to the potential order of the lithium cells 511 that are electrically connected. Thereby, an electrical connection circuit between each of the integrated circuits 541A to 541X and the connection line 348 can be easily configured.

  The voltage terminal GND is electrically connected to the negative electrode side of the lithium cell BC4 having the lowest potential among the four lithium cells 511 constituting the corresponding group. As a result, each of the integrated circuits 541A to 541X operates with the lowest potential of the corresponding group as the reference potential. In this way, if the reference potentials of the integrated circuits 541A to 541X are different, the difference in voltage applied from the battery module 510 to the integrated circuits 541A to 541X can be reduced. Therefore, the integrated circuits 541A to 541X The breakdown voltage can be further reduced, and safety and reliability can be further improved.

  The power supply terminal Vcc is electrically connected to the positive electrode side of the lithium single battery BC1 having the highest potential among the four lithium single batteries 511 constituting the corresponding group. Thereby, each of the integrated circuits 541A to 541X generates a voltage (for example, 5v) for operating the internal circuit from the voltage of the highest potential of the corresponding group. Thus, if the operating voltage of the internal circuit of each of the integrated circuits 541A to 541X is generated from the highest potential voltage of the corresponding group, it will be consumed from the four lithium single cells 511 constituting the corresponding group. It is possible to equalize the electric power to be used, and to prevent the state of charge SOC of the four lithium cells 511 constituting the corresponding group from becoming unbalanced.

  A plurality of communication terminals are provided on the other side of each of the integrated circuits 541A to 541X (the side opposite to the one side on which the voltage system terminals are provided). The plurality of terminals include communication command signal transmission / reception terminals (TX, RX) for transmitting / receiving communication command signals, and abnormal signal transmission / reception terminals (FFO, FFI) for transmitting / receiving abnormal signals and abnormal test signals. ing.

  The communication command signal transmission / reception terminals (TX, RX) of the integrated circuits 541A to 541X are electrically connected in series in a non-insulated state according to the order of the potentials of the corresponding groups. That is, the communication command signal transmission terminal (TX) of the integrated circuit 541A (higher-potential integrated circuit) and the integrated circuit 541B (lower-potential integrated circuit, which is the next potential in terms of potential with respect to the higher-potential integrated circuit). The communication command signal receiving terminal (RX) of the integrated circuit) is electrically connected in series in a non-insulated state, and the communication command signal transmitting terminal (TX) of the integrated circuit 541B and the communication command signal of the integrated circuit 541C are connected. Are electrically connected in series in a non-insulated state,..., A communication command signal transmission terminal (TX) of the integrated circuit 54d, and a communication command signal reception terminal of the integrated circuit 541X ( RX) is electrically connected in series in a non-insulated state, and the communication command signal transmitting terminal (TX) and the communication command signal receiving terminal (RX) are electrically connected in a non-insulated state. They are connected in series. Such a connection method is called a daisy chain connection method in this embodiment.

  The abnormal signal transmission / reception terminals (FFO, FFI) of the integrated circuits 541A to 541X have the same connection relationship as the communication command signal transmission / reception terminals (TX, RX), and are electrically isolated in the order of the potentials of the corresponding groups. Connected in series. In other words, the abnormal signal transmission terminal (FFO) of the higher potential integrated circuit and the abnormal signal reception terminal (FFI) of the lower potential integrated circuit that is the next potential to the upper potential integrated circuit are not connected. They are electrically connected in series in an insulated state.

  The light receiving side of the photocoupler 544a (PH1) is electrically connected to the communication command signal receiving terminal (RX) of the integrated circuit 541A corresponding to the highest potential group of the plurality of lithium cells 511. A communication command signal transmission terminal (TX) of the microcomputer 531 is electrically connected to the light emitting side of the photocoupler 544a. The light emitting side of the photocoupler 544c (PH3) is electrically connected to the communication command signal transmission terminal (TX) of the integrated circuit 541X corresponding to the lowest potential group of the plurality of lithium cells 511. A communication command signal receiving terminal (RX) of the microcomputer 531 is electrically connected to the light receiving side of the photocoupler 544c. With these connections, the cell controller 540 and the lower battery controller 530 are electrically insulated from each other, and from the microcomputer 531 to the photocoupler 544a → the integrated circuit 541A →... → the integrated circuit 541X → A communication command signal loop transmission path 545 that reaches the microcomputer 531 via the photocoupler 544c in order is formed. The loop transmission line 545 is a serial transmission line.

  The communication command signal output from the microcomputer 531 is transmitted to the communication command signal loop transmission line 545. The communication command signal is a multi-byte signal provided with a plurality of areas such as a data area indicating communication (control) contents, and is transmitted in a loop according to the above-described transmission order.

  The communication command signal output from the microcomputer 531 to the integrated circuits 541A to 541X via the communication command signal loop transmission line 545 includes a request signal for requesting the detected terminal voltage of the lithium cell 511, the lithium cell 511, a command signal for adjusting the charging state, a wakeup state for each integrated circuit 541A to 541X from the sleep state, that is, a start signal for starting each integrated circuit 541A to 541H, a sleep state from the wakeup state, that is, an operation A stop signal for stopping the communication, an address setting signal for setting a communication address for each of the integrated circuits 541A to 541H, an abnormality confirmation signal for confirming an abnormal state of the integrated circuits 541A to 545H, and the like. .

  In this embodiment, the case where the communication command signal is transmitted from the integrated circuit 541A toward the integrated circuit 541X will be described as an example. However, the communication command signal may be transmitted from the integrated circuit 541X toward the integrated circuit 541A. Absent.

  Further, the light receiving side of the photocoupler 544b (PH2) is electrically connected to the abnormal signal receiving terminal (FFI) of the integrated circuit 541A corresponding to the highest potential group of the plurality of lithium cells 511. An abnormal test signal transmission terminal (FFTEST) of the microcomputer 531 is electrically connected to the issue side of the photocoupler 544b. Further, the issue side of the photocoupler 544d (PH4) is electrically connected to the abnormal signal transmission terminal (FFO) of the integrated circuit 544 corresponding to the lowest potential group of the plurality of lithium cells 511. An abnormal signal receiving terminal (FF) of the microcomputer 531 is electrically connected to the light receiving side of the photocoupler 544d. With these connections, the cell controller 540 and the lower battery controller 530 are electrically insulated from each other, and from the microcomputer 531 to the photocoupler 544a → the integrated circuit 541A →... → the integrated circuit 541X → An abnormal signal loop transmission line 546 that reaches the microcomputer 531 through the photocoupler 544c in order is formed. The loop transmission line 546 is a serial transmission line.

  The abnormal test signal output from the microcomputer 351 is transmitted to the abnormal signal loop transmission line 546. The abnormality test signal is a 1-bit Hi level signal transmitted in order to detect an abnormality such as an abnormality in the integrated circuits 541A to 541X or a disconnection of the communication circuit, and is transmitted according to the above-described transmission order. If there is an abnormality, the abnormality test signal returns to the microcomputer 531 as a low level signal. Thereby, the microcomputer 531 can detect an abnormality such as an abnormality in the integrated circuits 541A to 541X or a disconnection of the communication circuit. When an abnormality is detected in any of the integrated circuits 541A to 541X, a signal indicating abnormality is output to the abnormal signal loop transmission path 546 from the integrated circuit that detected the abnormality, for example, the integrated circuit 541C. The signal indicating abnormality is a 1-bit signal, and is transmitted to the microcomputer 531 through the integrated circuit 541D →... → integrated circuit 541X → photocoupler 544d in order. Thus, the abnormality can be promptly notified to the microcomputer 531 from the integrated circuit that has detected the abnormality.

  In this embodiment, the case where the abnormality test signal is transmitted from the integrated circuit 541A toward the integrated circuit 541X will be described as an example. However, the abnormality test signal may be transmitted from the integrated circuit 541X toward the integrated circuit 541A. Absent. Further, in this embodiment, a case where a signal indicating abnormality is transmitted from an integrated circuit that has detected an abnormality toward an integrated circuit that is lower in potential is described as an example. Alternatively, the signal may be transmitted toward the upper integrated circuit in terms of potential.

  The photocouplers 544a to 544d (PH1 to PH4) electrically insulate the communication command signal loop transmission path 545 and the abnormal signal loop transmission path 546 between the cell controller 540 and the lower battery controller 530, and Signals transmitted and received between 540 and the lower battery controller 530 are converted into light and transmitted. As described above, the cell controller 540 and the lower battery controller 530 have greatly different power supply potentials and power supply voltages. For this reason, if the cell controller 540 and the lower battery controller 530 are electrically connected to perform signal transmission, potential conversion and voltage conversion of the transmitted signal is required, and the cell controller 540 and the lower battery controller are required. The interface circuit with 530 becomes large and expensive, and it becomes impossible to provide a small and inexpensive control device. Therefore, in the present embodiment, communication between the cell controller 540 and the lower battery controller 530 is performed using the photocouplers 544a to 544d (PH1 to PH4) to reduce the size and cost of the control device. .

  As described above, the power supply potentials are different between the integrated circuits 541A to 541H. However, in this embodiment, the integrated circuits 541A to 541H are electrically connected in series according to the potential order of the corresponding group of the assembled battery 10, that is, connected by the daisy chain method, and therefore between the integrated circuits 541A to 541H. Signal transmission can be easily performed by potential conversion (level shift). Each of the integrated circuits 541A to 541H includes a potential conversion (level shift) circuit on the signal receiving side. Therefore, in this embodiment, since signal transmission between the integrated circuits 541A to 541H can be performed without providing a photocoupler that is more expensive than other circuit elements, a small and inexpensive control device can be provided.

  The microcomputer 531 inputs various signals, transmits the above-described communication command signal to the cell controller 540 based on input information obtained from the input signal or based on calculation information calculated from the input information, A signal is output to the host controller (motor controller 110 or vehicle controller).

  The various signals input to the microcomputer 351 include the terminal voltage signal of each lithium cell 511 output from each integrated circuit 541A to 541X, and the abnormality output from the integrated circuit that detected the abnormality among the integrated circuits 541A to 541X. Signal, current sensor signal output from current sensor 550 for detecting charge / discharge current of unit battery module 510, voltage sensor signal output from voltage sensor 551 for detecting total voltage of unit battery module 510, unit A temperature sensor signal provided from the temperature sensor (for example, the thermistor element) 552 for detecting the temperature of the assembled battery, an on / off signal based on the operation of the ignition key switch, and a host control device (motor) Controller 110 and vehicle controller) There is.

  Various signals output from the microcomputer 351 include the above-described communication command signal, chargeable / dischargeable power calculated based on the state information (for example, voltage, current, temperature, etc.) of the unit battery module 510, charge state SOC, and deterioration. Abnormal state information determined from a signal corresponding to information such as state SOH (State Of Health) and the result of calculating the state of unit battery module 510 based on information (for example, voltage, current, temperature, etc.) and abnormality information There are signals corresponding to (for example, overcharge, overdischarge, overtemperature, etc.).

  Among those output signals, signals corresponding to information such as chargeable / dischargeable power, charge state SOC, and deterioration state SOH, and signals corresponding to abnormal state information (for example, overcharge, overdischarge, overtemperature, etc.) It is output to the host controller (motor controller 110 or vehicle controller).

Next, the actual structure of the power supply device 1 will be described with reference to FIGS.

  Prior to detailed description, an outline of a power supply device according to an embodiment will be described. FIG. 1 shows the outer shape of the power supply device 1. The power supply device 1 is configured by accommodating eight module battery sets 500 (see FIG. 7) in a casing (consisting of the lower container 2 and the upper lid 3 in FIG. 1). The module battery set 500 is configured by vertically integrating two module batteries 5 (see FIG. 3) (see FIG. 7). The battery module set 500 is provided with a fan unit 12 and a ventilation duct 17 (see FIG. 7). Although illustration is omitted, the module battery 5 is configured by housing 12 assembled batteries 19 (see FIG. 4) in a module case 6 (see FIG. 3). Each module battery 5 is provided with an intake port 7 and an exhaust port 8 (see FIG. 3). The assembled battery 19 is configured by integrating four unit cells 20 with a holder (see FIG. 5).

  In the power supply device according to the embodiment, the cooling air is sucked into the casing of the power supply device by the fan unit 12 and the ventilation duct 17 attached to the battery module set 500 to efficiently cool the individual battery modules.

  As shown in FIGS. 1-9, the power supply device 1 of one Embodiment has the lower container 2 and the upper cover 3 which seals the upper opening of the lower container 2 by screw fastening. The lower container 2 accommodates a module battery set 500, a control electronic circuit 23 (see FIG. 2), an exhaust duct 16 (see FIG. 2), an intake duct 18 (see FIG. 2), and cables. A suction port 10 and a communication connector 4 are disposed on one side surface along the longitudinal direction of the lower container 2. The communication connector 4 is connected to a cable for communicating between the vehicle control system that controls the entire large vehicle and the power supply device 1.

  FIG. 7 is a diagram showing a module battery set 500. The module battery set 500 is configured by integrating the module batteries 5 shown in FIG. The module battery 5 is configured by housing 12 assembled batteries 19 shown in FIG. 4 in the module case 6. The twelve battery packs 19 are housed in the module case 6 in two rows of six.

  As shown in FIG. 4, the assembled battery 19 accommodated in the module case 6 is composed of four unit cells 20 arranged in two vertical rows and two horizontal rows, and ends on both sides in the longitudinal direction are made of an electrically insulating resin. The holder 21 is held and fixed. In the assembled battery 19, the unit cells 20 are arranged so that the battery polarities are alternated, and the unit cells 20 are electrically connected in series with a copper bus bar 22.

  As shown in FIG. 5, a cylindrical lithium secondary battery using lithium manganate or the like as a main constituent material is used for the unit cell 20 constituting the assembled battery 19. In the unit cell 20, an electrode group in which a positive electrode and a negative electrode are wound through a separator is housed in a cylindrical metal container. The negative electrode is connected to the inner wall of the container, and the positive electrode is connected to a lid that seals the metal container. After pouring the electrolyte into the metal container, the lid is caulked and fixed to the metal container. For this reason, the lid side of one end in the longitudinal direction of the unit cell 20 has the polarity of the positive electrode, the container bottom side of the other end has the polarity of the negative electrode, and both the electrode portions are exposed.

  As shown in FIG. 6, in the lower container 2, a total of eight module battery sets 500 shown in FIG. That is, two battery set rows in which four module battery sets 500 are arranged in parallel are provided. A suction port 10 is formed on the side surface of the lower container 2, and a discharge port 11 (not shown) is formed on the side surface opposite to the suction port 10.

  As shown in FIG. 3, the module battery 5 constituting the module battery set 500 has a substantially rectangular parallelepiped module case 6. At the lower part of both side surfaces along the longitudinal direction of the module case 6, a flange capable of fixing the module battery 5 in the lower container 2 by screw fastening is formed. Using this flange, the module batteries 5 are stacked and integrated in two stages to constitute a module battery set 500.

  An air inlet 7 for taking cooling air into the module battery 5 is formed in the lower part of one end face in the longitudinal direction of the module case 6, and cooling air is supplied from the module battery 5 to the lower part of the other end face. An exhaust port 8 for exhausting is formed. The intake port 7 and the exhaust port 8 are formed in a slit shape in the width direction intersecting the longitudinal direction. Two output terminals 9a and 9b of the module battery 5 are projected from the end surface where the air inlet 7 is formed, side by side in the width direction.

  As shown in FIG. 7, a fan unit 12 and a ventilation duct 17 are attached to each of the module battery sets 500. The fan unit 12 is fastened with screws to the end surface of the module case 6 where the exhaust port 8 is formed, and the cooling air from the module battery 5 is led out. The fan unit 12 includes a blower fan 13 and a fan duct 14, and the blower fan 13 is fixed to the fan duct 14 with screws. An opening 14 a is formed on the upper surface of the fan duct 14. The opening 14a is connected to an opening provided on the bottom surface of the exhaust duct 16, as will be described later.

  As shown in FIG. 7, an air duct 17 that forms a flow path for introducing cooling air into the module battery 5 is connected to the end surface of the module case 6 where the air inlet 7 is formed. The ventilation duct 17 is fastened with screws to the end surface of the module case 6 where the air inlet 7 is formed. An opening 17 a is formed on the upper surface of the ventilation duct 17. The opening 17a is connected to an opening provided on the bottom surface of the intake duct 18 as will be described later.

  Output cables 9c and 9d are connected to output terminals 9a and 9b (see FIG. 3) of each module battery 5. A positive electrode connector 9e and a negative electrode connector 9f are provided at the ends of the output cables 9c and 9d. These connectors 9e and 9f are respectively connected to a positive electrode connector and a negative electrode connector of a high voltage cable connector 26 attached to a terminal block 25 described later, and electric power is taken out.

  As shown in FIG. 6, ten gate-shaped duct mounts 15 are fixed to the lower container 2 by screw fastening on both sides of the longitudinal sides of each module case 6. As shown in FIGS. 2 and 9, on the upper surface of the duct mount 15, the intake duct 18 is disposed above the ventilation duct 17 so as to be orthogonal to the longitudinal direction of the module case 6. The intake duct 18 is fixed to the upper surface of the duct mount 15 with screws. An open end in the longitudinal direction of the intake duct 18 is connected to a suction port 10 provided on the side surface of the lower container 2. Openings (not shown) to which the openings 17a of the ventilation ducts 17 attached to the module battery sets 500 are connected are provided at a predetermined pitch on the bottom surface of the intake duct 18, and the openings 17a are provided in the openings via a sealing material. Connected.

  An exhaust duct 16 is also disposed on the upper surface of the duct mount 15 so as to be located above the fan unit 12 so as to be orthogonal to the longitudinal direction of the module case 6. The exhaust duct 16 is fixed to the upper surface of the duct mount 15 with screws. The open end of the exhaust duct 16 in the longitudinal direction is connected to the discharge port 11 provided on the side surface of the lower container 2. The exhaust duct 16 has a substantially L-shaped cross section, and openings (not shown) to which the openings 14a of the module battery sets 500 are connected are provided at a predetermined pitch on the bottom surface of the protrusion, and a sealing material is provided in the openings. The opening 14a is connected via

  With the above configuration, when the blower fan 13 is rotated, the external air sucked from the suction port 10 of the casing (lower container 2) becomes the intake duct 18, the ventilation duct 17, the module case intake port 7, and the module case exhaust port 8. , The fan duct 14, the exhaust duct 16, and the discharge port 11. As a result, the cooling air is distributed to each module battery, and the unit cell 20 can be cooled.

  As shown in FIG. 2, a weak electric system control circuit (cell controller) 23 for monitoring the charge / discharge state of each unit cell 20 constituting the module battery set 500 is installed above the module battery set 500. Yes. As can be seen with reference to FIG. 9, the cell controller 23 is fixed to the control circuit support base 24 with screws between the exhaust duct 16 and the intake duct 18. The control circuit support frame 24 is fixed to the duct frame 15 with screws.

  The control circuit 23 includes a voltage detection circuit that detects a cell voltage of the cell 20 and a microcomputer. The microcomputer includes a CPU that functions as a central processing unit, a ROM that stores a basic control program, a RAM that functions as a work area of the CPU, and the like. The microcomputer has a built-in AD converter, and can take in the cell voltage detected by the voltage detection circuit as a digital value. The cell voltage detected by the microcomputer is notified to the vehicle control system via the interface.

  As shown in FIG. 8, terminal blocks 25 are respectively provided at one end in the longitudinal direction of the module battery set 500, that is, at the end where the output terminals 9 a and 9 b of the module battery 5 are projected. Yes. That is, two terminal blocks are provided in a row corresponding to each of the battery set rows formed of four module battery sets. The four terminal blocks 25 are fastened to the bottom plate of the lower container 2 with bolts at a predetermined pitch. Each terminal block 25 is provided with a terminal block cable 26. At the tip of the terminal block cable 26, the output cable 9c. Connectors for connecting to the 9d connectors 9e and 9f are provided. The terminal blocks 25 are connected to each other by a high-power cable (not shown), and power from the eight battery module batteries 500 is taken out from the high-power cable 27 of the power supply device 1. The high-power cable 27 is connected to a power module for driving a three-phase AC motor, and DC power is converted into AC power so that the drive motor is rotated.

(Exhaust path configuration)
Next, the exhaust path of the power supply device 1 of this embodiment will be described.
The cooling air passes as follows. That is, by driving the blower fan 13, external cooling air is introduced into the two intake ducts 18 from the two suction ports 10 provided on the side surface of the lower container 2. The cooling air introduced into each intake duct 18 is branched into each ventilation duct 17 attached to each of the four module battery sets 500, and is sucked into the module battery 5 through the intake port 7.

  In the module battery 5, the cooling air flows toward the exhaust port 8 while passing through the gaps between the single cells 20 and between the assembled batteries 19. The cooling air exchanges heat in the module battery 5 to cool the unit cell 20. The cooling air whose temperature has increased due to heat exchange is discharged from the exhaust port 8. The exhaust cooling air rises upward along one end surface in the longitudinal direction of the module battery 5 through the fan unit 12 and is discharged to the exhaust duct 16 through the opening 14 a of the fan duct 14. The cooling air discharged from the four fan units 12 to the exhaust duct 16 is collected in the exhaust duct 16 and discharged to the outside of the lower container 2 from the two discharge ports 11 provided on the side surface of the lower container 2.

(Assembly procedure)
The assembly procedure of the power supply device 1 will be described with reference to FIGS.
In the lower container 2, the module battery 5 is fastened to the bottom of the container with bolts while being stacked in two upper and lower stages, and the ventilation duct 17 and the fan unit 12 are attached to the module battery 5 stacked in two stages with bolts (see FIG. 7). Thereby, the module battery set 500 is comprised. FIG. 6 shows the assembled state. Duct mounts 15 are arranged on both sides of the module battery 5 and fixed to the lower container 2 with bolts.

  FIG. 8 shows a state during the assembly in which the duct base 15 is fixed to the lower container 2. After assembling up to FIG. 8, the terminal block 25 is arranged for each module battery set 500 between the rows of the module battery sets 500 arranged in groups of four and fixed to the lower container 2 with bolts. The fixed terminal blocks 25 are connected to each other with a high power cable. Each terminal block 25 is provided with a connection cable 26 that allows the output power of the module battery 5 to flow through the high-power cable 27. The connector cables 9 c and 9 d of the module battery 5 and the connector of the connection cable 26 are connected to each terminal block 25. The connection can be made after all the parts have been installed. As a result, electric shock during assembly work can be prevented.

  The communication connector 4 is arranged and fixed by a bolt on one side surface along the longitudinal direction of the lower container 2. The exhaust duct 16, the intake duct 18, and the control circuit 23 are assembled in advance on the control circuit support base 24, and the control circuit support base 24 is attached to the duct base 15 with bolts.

  Thereafter, a communication cable is provided, and one end is attached to the control circuit 23 and the other end is attached to the communication connector 4. At this time, a control circuit that controls the control circuit 23 may be disposed between the control circuit 23 and the communication connector 4. The connectors 9e and 9f of the output cables 9c and 9d of the module battery 5 are inserted into the connector 26 of the high-voltage cable branched from the terminal block 26 and connected. Finally, the upper lid 3 is fastened to the upper opening of the lower container 2 with a bolt to seal the inside of the container.

According to the power supply device 1 of one embodiment, the following effects can be obtained.
(1) The module batteries 5 are stacked in two upper and lower stages, and four rows of module battery sets 500 each including the fan unit 12 and the ventilation duct 17 are arranged in the lower container 2 in two rows. Cooling air is introduced into the plurality of module battery sets 500 constituting each row from the outside of the lower container 2 by the common intake duct 16, and the cooled cooling air is supplied from the common exhaust duct 18 to the outside of the lower container 2. Exhausted. Since the intake duct 18 and the exhaust duct 16 are used in common for the plurality of module battery sets 500, there is little wasted space and the entire system can be downsized.

(2) In the power supply device 1 of the present embodiment, an electronic control circuit 23 such as a cell controller that detects the SOC of the unit cell 20 and monitors the battery state is installed in the lower container. Usually, if dust or foreign matter adheres to the electronic control circuit, the reliability of the electronic control circuit may be impaired. However, in the battery device according to the embodiment, the cooling air from the outside of the lower container is introduced into the module battery set 500 through the intake duct 18 and exhausted to the outside of the lower container through the exhaust duct 16. As a result, since the external air introduced into the lower container does not flow in places other than the inside of the duct and the module battery, it can be suppressed that dust, foreign matter, etc. adhere to the electronic control circuit 23. In other words, the electronic control circuit 23 provided inside the container 2 is preferably installed at a location that is not exposed to the cooling air passage that flows from the suction port 10 to the discharge port 11.

(3) If the cooling air suction port 10 and the discharge port 11 of the power supply device 1 are formed close to each other, there is a possibility that the hot air released by heat exchange in the module battery 5 may be taken in again. The temperature in the battery module may not decrease. In the power supply device 1 of the present embodiment, the suction port 10 and the discharge port 11 are respectively formed on the opposite side surfaces of the lower container 2. For this reason, since it is suppressed that the hot air discharge | released from the discharge outlet 11 is taken in again, cooling property can be improved.

-Second Embodiment-
A second embodiment of the power supply device according to the present invention will be described with reference to FIGS. In the power supply device 1A of the second embodiment, the same reference numerals are given to the same parts as those of the power supply device 1 described in the first embodiment, and the differences will be mainly described.

  The difference from the first embodiment is that one intake duct 18 </ b> A is used for eight module battery sets 500. As shown in FIG. 12, module battery sets 500, in which module batteries 5 are stacked in two upper and lower stages and fan units 12A and ventilation ducts 17A are attached, are arranged in two rows of four in the lower container 2. is set up.

  Between the module battery set rows configured by the four module battery sets 500, the inlets 7 of the module batteries 5 are made to face each other. Accordingly, the ventilation ducts 17A are also opposed to each other. The facing ventilation duct 17A is provided with an opening toward the bottom surface side of the lower container 2. An air intake duct 18 </ b> A is provided between the module rows configured by the four module battery sets 500. Openings are provided on the upper surface of the intake duct 18A at an arrangement pitch of the module battery set 500, and the openings of the ventilation duct 17A are connected to these openings. That is, one ventilation duct 18 </ b> A is commonly used in the two rows of module battery sets 500.

  As shown in FIGS. 10 and 12, a weak electric control circuit (cell controller) 23 for monitoring the charge / discharge state of each unit cell 20 constituting the module battery set 500 is installed on the upper surface of the intake duct 18 </ b> A. Has been. As can be seen from FIG. 12, the cell controller 23 is fixed to the control circuit support base 24 by screw fastening on the upper surface of the intake duct 18 </ b> A. The control circuit support frame 24 is fixed to the upper surface of the intake duct 18A with screws.

(Exhaust path configuration)
Next, the exhaust path of the power supply device 1A of the second embodiment will be described.
The cooling air passes as follows. That is, by driving the blower fan 13, external cooling air is introduced into one common intake duct 18 </ b> A from one suction port 10 (not shown) provided on the side surface of the lower container 2. The cooling air introduced into the common intake duct 18 </ b> A is branched into each ventilation duct 17 </ b> A attached to each of the four module battery sets 500, and is sucked into the module battery 5 through the intake port 7.

  In the module battery 5, the cooling air flows toward the exhaust port 8 while passing through the gaps between the single cells 20 and between the assembled batteries 19. The cooling air exchanges heat in the module battery 5 to cool the unit cell 20. The cooling air whose temperature has increased due to heat exchange is discharged from the exhaust port 8. The exhaust cooling air rises upward along one longitudinal end surface of the module battery 5 through the fan unit 12 </ b> A, and is discharged to the exhaust duct 16 through the opening 14 a of the fan duct 14. The cooling air discharged from the eight fan units 12 to the exhaust duct 16 is collected by the exhaust duct 16 and discharged to the outside of the lower container 2 from the two discharge ports 11 provided on the side surface of the lower container 2.

According to 1 A of power supply devices of 2nd this embodiment, while there exists an effect similar to the power supply device 1 of 1st Embodiment, there exists the following effect.
By driving the fan unit 12A, the cooling air from the outside of the lower container 2 flows into the eight module battery sets 500 from one common intake duct 18A and is discharged from the two exhaust ducts 16 to the outside of the lower container 2. . Between the module rows each composed of four module battery sets 500, the inlets 7 of the module batteries 5 are opposed to each other so that one module 18A is commonly used in the two rows of module battery sets 500. I made it. Therefore, compared to the first embodiment, there is less wasted space and the entire system can be downsized.

The present invention can also be carried out with the following modifications.
(1) In the said embodiment, although the large vehicle power supply device 1 or 1A was illustrated, this invention is not limited to this, It can apply widely to the large sized battery module which requires large current charging / discharging.
(2) In the above embodiment, the module battery 5 in which six battery packs 19 in which four unit cells 20 are connected in series is illustrated as an example, but the present invention is configured and connected (series and parallel) of the module battery 5. It is not limited to. For example, the number of unit cells 20 may be changed, and the number and arrangement of the assembled batteries 19 may be changed.

(3) In the above-described embodiment, the module battery set 500 in which the two module batteries 5 are stacked one above the other is arranged in a row to form a group in series, and two groups of batteries are arranged in parallel in the longitudinal direction of the lower container 2. However, the number of groups in a series may be set to three sets or the parallel arrangement of module groups may be set to 1 or 3 depending on space or electric capacity.
(4) In the above-described embodiment, an example in which the module battery set 500 in which the two module batteries 5 are vertically stacked is housed in the lower container 2 is shown. You may apply this invention to the power supply device for large sized used cars.
(5) For example, without using two module batteries 5 stacked one above the other, at least two module batteries 5 are arranged in the container 2 so that the intake ports are aligned on one side and the exhaust ports are aligned on the other side. You may arrange | position in parallel. In this case, the intake ports 7 of at least two module battery sets 500 communicate with each other through one intake duct 18, and the exhaust ports 8 communicate with each other through one exhaust duct 19.

(6) Alternatively, at least two module batteries are arranged in series in the container 2 so that the air inlets face each other without using two module batteries 5 stacked one above the other, and the air inlets are shared. The exhaust ducts may be communicated with each other, and the exhaust ports may be communicated with separate exhaust ducts.

(7) Although the cylindrical lithium secondary battery is illustrated as the single battery 20 in the above embodiment, the present invention is not limited to this. For example, the shape of the unit cell 20 may be a square shape or a polygonal shape, and a secondary battery covered with a laminate film may be used. In addition to a lithium secondary battery, a nickel metal hydride battery or the like can also be used.

(8) In the above embodiment, since the lithium secondary battery is used for the single battery 20, the control circuit 23 has shown an example in which the single battery voltage is detected for each single battery 20. However, the present invention is not limited to this. It is not limited. For example, when a nickel-metal hydride battery is used as a single battery, the nickel-metal hydride battery is less likely to cause problems due to overcharging than a lithium secondary battery, so the assembled battery for each assembled battery or for each assembled battery. The total voltage may be detected.

(9) In the above embodiment, the example in which the air inlet 7 and the air outlet 8 of the module battery 5 are formed below the end faces on both sides in the longitudinal direction has been shown, but the present invention is not limited to this. For example, if the air inlet 7 is formed in the upper part of the end surface of the module battery 5, the flow of the cooling air becomes a diagonal direction when viewed from the side surface along the longitudinal direction of the module battery 5, so that the cooling effect can be enhanced. Moreover, you may make it form the inlet port 7 in the side surface along a longitudinal direction.

  As long as the characteristics of the present invention are not impaired, the present invention is not limited to the above-described embodiment, and a plurality of module batteries or a plurality of module battery sets each having a common intake duct and exhaust duct, Other forms conceivable within the scope of the technical idea of the present invention are also included in the scope of the present invention.

It is an external appearance perspective view of the power supply device for large vehicles of a 1st embodiment. It is a perspective view which shows the internal structure of the power supply device for large vehicles of FIG. It is an external appearance perspective view of the module battery used for the power supply device for large vehicles of FIG. It is an external appearance perspective view of the assembled battery which comprises the module battery of FIG. It is an external appearance perspective view of the cylindrical lithium secondary battery which comprises an assembled battery. It is a disassembled perspective view which shows the internal structure in the middle of the assembly of the power supply device for large vehicles of 1st Embodiment. It is an external appearance perspective view of the module battery set used for the power supply device for large vehicles of FIG. It is a disassembled perspective view which shows the internal structure in the middle of the assembly of the power supply device for large vehicles of 1st Embodiment. It is a disassembled perspective view of the large sized battery module which shows the state just before assembling | attaching an exhaust duct, an intake duct, and a control circuit in the middle of the assembly of the power supply device for large vehicles of 1st Embodiment. It is a perspective view which shows the internal structure of the power supply device for large vehicles in 2nd Embodiment. It is an external appearance perspective view of the module battery set used for the power supply device for large vehicles of FIG. It is a disassembled perspective view of the power supply device for large vehicles of FIG. It is a figure which shows schematic structure of the drive system for large sized hybrid vehicles. 2 is a diagram illustrating an electrical circuit configuration of a power supply device 1. FIG. It is a figure which shows the electrical connection structure of the module battery set control apparatus 520. FIG.

Explanation of symbols

1,1A Power supply 2 Lower container
5 Module battery 6 Module case
7 Intake port 8 Exhaust port 9a, 9b Output terminal 10 Suction port 11 Discharge port 12, 12A Fan unit 13 Blower fan 14 Fan duct 16 Exhaust duct 17, 17A Ventilation duct 18, 18A Intake duct 19 Assembly battery 20 Single cell 27 Strong electric cable

Claims (6)

At least two modules configured by accommodating a plurality of single cells in a module housing, and provided with an air inlet for introducing cooling air into the housing and an air outlet for exhausting the introduced cooling air in the module housing Battery,
A container in which the at least two module batteries are housed, and a suction port for introducing cooling air into the container and a discharge port for discharging the introduced cooling air;
An intake duct for introducing cooling air into the module battery from outside the container by connecting each intake port of the module battery and the intake port provided in the container;
A secondary battery comprising: an exhaust duct that connects each exhaust port of the module battery and the discharge port provided in the container, and exhausts cooling air from the module battery to the outside of the container. The power supply used. The power supply device according to claim 1,
A power supply apparatus, wherein the at least two module batteries are arranged in parallel so that the intake ports are arranged on one side and the exhaust ports are arranged on the other side. The power supply device according to claim 2,
A plurality of rows of at least two module battery pairs arranged in parallel,
The power supply apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the intake duct and the exhaust duct are provided for each row. The power supply device according to claim 1,
The at least two module batteries are arranged in series so that the air intakes face each other, the air intakes communicate with each other through a common air intake duct, and the air exhaust ports communicate with each other through separate exhaust ducts. Power supply. The power supply device according to any one of claims 1 to 4,
A power supply apparatus, wherein the suction port and the discharge port of the container are installed on opposite surfaces of the container. The power supply device according to any one of claims 1 to 5,
A control circuit for monitoring the state of the unit cell is provided inside the container, and the control circuit is installed at a location that is not exposed to a cooling air flow path that flows from the suction port to the discharge port. Power supply.

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