JP2010011760A - Method for producing high protein low glucosinolate rapeseed meal - Google Patents

Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a method for easily producing rapeseed meal which is excellent in nutritional property, and to provide high protein low glucosinolate rapeseed meal which can simultaneously produce and enabling the use of an industrially valuable by-product. <P>SOLUTION: This method for producing the high protein low glucosinolate rapeseed meal comprises mixing rapeseed meal and water, performing saccharifying treatment and/or alcohol fermentation treatment, or saccharifying treatment and alcohol fermentation treatment in the same process, and producing the high protein low glucosinolate rapeseed meal while producing ethanol as a by-product. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2010,JPO&INPIT

Description

  The present invention relates to a method for producing a high protein, low glucosinolate rapeseed meal.

  The pomace left after removing oil from rapeseed and soybean oil seeds is mainly used for feed as a protein source. However, rapeseed meal, which is a squeezed rapeseed meal, has the disadvantage that it has a lower protein content and lower energy value for livestock because it contains more fiber than soy meal.

  In addition, glucosinolate, a sulfur compound contained in rapeseed meal, becomes a thyroid inducer goitrogen by the enzyme myrosinase contained in the intestinal bacteria of mammals. Therefore, there was a problem that rapeseed meal could not be mixed in a large amount into the feed.

As a method for solving such a problem, a method for increasing the protein content in the rapeseed meal or a method for reducing the glucosinolate in the rapeseed meal can be considered. As a method for increasing the protein content of rapeseed meal, a method of separating rapeseed meal with a sieve and fractionating it into a fraction with a high protein content and a fraction with a low protein content is disclosed, but the low protein fraction has a low feed value. The use range is limited (Patent Document 1). Moreover, although the method of extracting oil after extracting rapeseed and collect | recovering rapeseed meal is disclosed, this method of molting rapeseed with a small particle size becomes expensive and is not realistic (nonpatent literature 1). On the other hand, as a method of reducing glucosinolate in rapeseed meal, a method of dissolving and removing it in ethanol is disclosed, but a method using a large amount of ethanol is expensive and impractical (non-patent literature). 2).
For this reason, the development of a method for producing a high-protein, low-glucosinolate rapeseed meal that is cheaper than soybean meal and has nutritional characteristics close to that of soybean meal as an effective method for utilizing rapeseed meal that is produced in large quantities as a by-product after the oil has been collected is desired. It was rare.

Japanese Patent No. 39701717 W. Grala, et al., Ile apparent protein and amino acid digestivities and endogenous nitrogen loses in pigs fed soy bean and raped prod. , Journal of Animal science, 76, p. 769-p. 577 (1998) H. Kozlwska, et al. , The influence of selected technological process on the improvement of raped meal and flour fed quality part1. The infra of thermal treatment and ethanol extraction on chemical products of raped products. , Die Nahrung, 35, p. 485-489 (1991)

  An object of the present invention is to provide a method for easily producing a rapeseed meal having excellent nutritional characteristics, and furthermore, a high-protein, low-glucosinolate rapeseed meal that can simultaneously produce and utilize industrially valuable by-products. Is to provide.

  As a result of intensive investigations to solve the above problems, the present inventors have found a method for producing a high protein, low glucosinolate rapeseed meal that produces ethanol as a by-product, and completed the present invention.

  That is, the first invention of the present invention is a high protein, low glucosinolate rapeseed meal characterized by mixing a rapeseed meal and water, solid-liquid separating and drying a saccharified and / or alcohol fermented product. It is a manufacturing method.

  A second invention of the present invention is a high protein, low glucosinolate characterized in that rapeseed meal and water are mixed, saccharification treatment and alcohol fermentation treatment are performed in the same step, and the product is solid-liquid separated and dried. A method for producing rapeseed meal.

  By carrying out the present invention, a rapeseed meal having a high protein content can be produced. Thereby, the energy value with respect to livestock can be made high. Furthermore, ethanol that can be used for fuel and the like can also be obtained by the combined use of alcohol fermentation. And since the glucosinolate content is reduced, the high protein rapeseed meal obtained by carrying out the production method of the present invention can be blended in a large amount of feed and has a high feed value.

(Rapeseed meal)
The rapeseed meal was obtained by extracting the rapeseed with a pressing machine, and subsequently evaporating the organic solvent after passing through an oiling process in which the oil remaining in the pressed rice cake was extracted using an organic solvent such as n-hexane. It is a rapeseed meal and contains 8 to 15% by mass of water.

(Water, other additives)
The water in the present invention is not particularly limited and may be, for example, distilled water, pure water, or tap water. When rapeseed meal and water are mixed before saccharification treatment or fermentation treatment, rapeseed meal 10 to 60 parts by weight and water 90 to 40 parts by weight, preferably rapeseed meal 20 to 50 parts by weight and water 50 to 80 parts by weight, More preferably, the rapeseed meal may be mixed at a ratio of 35 to 50 parts by weight and 75 to 50 parts by weight of water. In the alcohol fermentation treatment described later, the amount of ethanol produced increases as the amount of water added increases. However, when this mixing ratio is employed, elution of soluble proteins can be suppressed, and proteins can be recovered more efficiently.

You may add 0-10 weight part of additives, such as a mineral, sugar, an amino acid, a culture medium component, an enzyme, and a microorganism, with respect to 100 weight part of the rapeseed meal and water mixture before saccharification treatment and / or alcohol fermentation treatment. Specific examples of minerals include phosphorus, magnesium, sodium, potassium, iron and the like. Specific examples of the sugar include sucrose, glucose, maltose, and oligosaccharide. Specific examples of amino acids include glutamic acid, lysine, and the like, and may be protein constituent amino acids, non-constituent amino acids such as GABA, and protein hydrolysates. Specific examples of the medium component include yeast extract, malt extract, peptone and the like. Specific examples of the enzyme include cellulase, hemicellulase, glucosidase, or a mixture thereof. Specific examples of the microorganism include filamentous fungi, yeasts such as Saccharomyces cerevisiae , Shizosaccharomyces pombe and Pichia stipitis , and Zymomonas mobilis . (Hereinafter, water or a combination of water and additives is referred to as water.)
Among these additives, water-soluble ones may be added after being solubilized in the water.

(mixture)
The mixing of rapeseed meal and water in the present invention means mixing rapeseed meal and water manually and with an apparatus. The more uniform the moisture distribution in the solid content after mixing, the better the efficiency of the saccharification treatment or alcohol fermentation treatment, but this is desirable, but even if the moisture distribution in the solid content is uneven, the purpose of saccharification or alcohol fermentation is achieved. The The mixture of rapeseed meal and water is preferably sterilized in an autoclave in order to prevent the growth of saccharified microorganisms during fermentation or alcohol fermentation, or microorganisms other than the fermented microorganisms. After sterilization, the saccharification treatment temperature or alcohol fermentation treatment temperature is used.

(Saccharification treatment)
The saccharification treatment in the present invention means that 20-2000 units of a degrading enzyme is added to fiber (cellulose) contained in rapeseed meal per 1 g of rapeseed meal to decompose the contained fiber into glucose. The fiber-degrading enzyme used for the saccharification treatment can be cellulase alone or in combination with cellulase and an enzyme such as hemicellulase or glucosidase. The enzyme used for the saccharification treatment is not limited as long as it is capable of degrading the fiber, whether it is a commercially available product, a culture solution obtained by culturing the filamentous fungus, a further purified product thereof, or the filamentous fungus itself. good.
In the saccharification treatment, an enzyme or a microorganism is added to a mixture of rapeseed meal and water, and cultured at 25 ° C. or higher, preferably 25 to 37 ° C. (or the optimum reaction temperature of the enzyme or microorganism used). The culture time is 4 to 189 hours, preferably 24 to 72 hours.

(Alcohol fermentation treatment)
The alcohol fermentation treatment in the present invention refers to a step of inoculating a microorganism into a mixture obtained by adding rapeseed meal and water or a mixture obtained by adding a rapeseed meal and water to produce ethanol by the microorganism. . The microorganism used, and Saccharomyces cerevisiae in yeast, or Shizosaccharomyces pombe, can be used Pichia stipitis, except yeast, such as Zymomonas mobilis is a bacterium that can alcoholic fermentation, as long as the microorganism capable of alcoholic fermentation, Anything can be used, including those that have been genetically modified. Microorganisms that have been preserved by slanting or freezing may be used, but when S. cerevisiae is used, commercially available baker's yeast may be used. When using a material preserved by slanting or freezing, it is desirable to pre-culture in a liquid medium before use and use a pre-culture solution or the like. The liquid medium used for the pre-culture may be any medium that is suitable for culturing yeast or bacteria, such as 1% by mass yeast extract, 2% by mass peptone, and 3% by mass glucose.
In the saccharification treatment, the enzyme or microorganism is added to a mixture of rapeseed meal and water, and cultured at 25 to 45 ° C, preferably 28 to 37 ° C. The culture time is 4 to 378 hours, preferably 24 to 168 hours. The efficiency increases when the culture is anaerobic and stirred.

(After solid-liquid separation, drying and distillation)
A mixture obtained by saccharification and / or alcohol fermentation of a mixture of rapeseed meal and water or the like, or a mixture of rapeseed meal and water and saccharification treatment and alcohol fermentation treatment in the same step is solid-liquid separated and dried. The resulting product is referred to as a high protein, low glucosinolate rapeseed meal. Drying may be any heat drying, vacuum drying, freeze drying, spray drying, etc., as long as it can evaporate the water and ethanol of the mixture subjected to saccharification and / or alcohol fermentation. If ethanol is recovered by steam distillation or the like before drying, the recovered ethanol can be used for industrial use or fuel use.

(High protein low glucosinolate rapeseed meal)
The high protein low glucosinolate rapeseed meal in the present invention is a high protein rapeseed meal rapeseed meal obtained by saccharification treatment and / or alcohol fermentation treatment of rapeseed meal, and is 44 to 65% by mass in terms of dry weight. It contains protein, preferably 47-65% by weight.
Further, the low glucosinolate is a product having a glucosinolate content of less than 1 μmol / g.
In addition, protein content here points out the value which multiplied 6.25 to the total nitrogen calculated | required by the Kjeldahl method. The amount of glucosinolate was determined by the official method of AOCS by HPLC.

(Perform saccharification treatment and alcohol fermentation treatment in the same process)
The same process in the present invention refers to parallel double fermentation in which saccharification treatment and alcoholic fermentation are performed in the same container at the same time. That is, rapeseed meal is mixed with water and the like, an enzyme used for saccharification treatment, a microorganism used for alcohol fermentation treatment, and the like and processed simultaneously.

  The produced high protein, low glucosinolate rapeseed meal may be used by adding feed ingredients and feed additives containing sugar, protein, amino acid, fiber, mineral, oil, antibacterial components and the like. Specific examples include corn, sorghum, corn gluten field, corn starch, rice bran, soybean meal, bran, oat, milk casein, whey, fish meal, vitamin mix, mineral mix, amino acid preparation and the like.

  In order to describe the present invention more specifically below, examples will be shown, but the present invention is not limited thereto.

<Test 1: Water content, protein content, and protein residual rate>
Rapeseed meal (trade name: rapeseed oil cake, manufactured by Nisshin Oilio Group Co., Ltd., the same shall apply hereinafter) (moisture content 12.7% by mass) 2 g, 0.2 ml (sample A), 0.7 ml (sample B), 1 Add 7 ml (sample C), 3.7 ml (sample D), 9.7 ml (sample E), and 19.7 ml (sample F) water, autoclav sterilize at 121 ° C. for 15 minutes, and then to the extent of human skin After cooling, 0.3 ml of a preculture of S. cerevisiae NBRC2377 strain was added to each sample, and cultured at 28 ° C. for 1 week with the container lid closed.
That is, 0.25 ml (sample A), 0.5 ml (sample B), 1 ml (sample C), 2 ml (sample D), and 5 ml (sample E) of a mixed solution of water and precultured solution per 1 g of rapeseed meal 10 ml (sample F) was added to obtain 0.25-fold dilution, 0.5-fold dilution, 1-fold dilution, 2-fold dilution, 5-fold dilution, and 10-fold dilution.
One week later, solid-liquid separation was performed, the solid portion was freeze-dried, and the weight was measured. Then, the protein amount of the dried residue was obtained by multiplying the total nitrogen amount obtained by the Kjeldahl method by 6.25. The ratio of the protein contained in each sample after fermentation is the protein content (in terms of dry weight), and the content of the protein contained in each sample after fermentation is the amount of protein contained in each sample before fermentation. Divided by the content was defined as the protein residual rate.

  Table 1 shows the protein content after fermentation of each sample, the protein residual rate, and the amount of ethanol produced per gram of meal. From Table 1, the protein content contained in the rapeseed meal after fermentation increased as the amount of water added to the rapeseed meal increased, but the protein residual rate decreased. On the other hand, the amount of ethanol produced decreased as the amount of water added decreased. From these results, it was found that mixing 1 part by weight of rapeseed meal and 1-2 parts by weight of water was the most effective for increasing the protein content while maintaining a high protein residual rate.

<Example 2: Component change of rapeseed meal by parallel double fermentation>
After adding 220 ml of water to 220 g of rapeseed meal and sterilizing by autoclaving at 121 ° C. for 15 minutes, it was cooled to the level of human skin, and 4 g of cellulase (from MP Bio, Aspergillus spp.) And a preculture of S. cereviciae NBRC2377 strain were added. 40 ml was added and stirred well. This was covered and cultured at 28 ° C. for 1 week. One week later, solid-liquid separation was performed, and after the solid portion was lyophilized, the protein content, fiber content, and glucosinolate amount (in terms of dry weight) were determined. About the rapeseed meal before alcoholic fermentation, it calculated | required about the same item. The fiber content was determined by the filtration method of the standard oil analysis method, and the amount of glucosinolate was determined by the official method of AOCS by HPLC.

  Table 2 shows analytical values for the protein content, fiber content, and glucosinolate amount of the rapeseed meal before and after fermentation. From Table 2, it was found that the protein content increases when the collateral double fermentation of rapeseed meal before and after fermentation is performed. At the same time, it was also found that the amount of glucosinolate decreased due to concurrent double fermentation.

Claims (3)

  A method for producing a high protein, low glucosinolate rapeseed meal, comprising mixing a rapeseed meal and water and performing a saccharification treatment and / or an alcohol fermentation treatment.   The method for producing a high protein low glucosinolate rapeseed meal according to claim 1, wherein 10 to 60 parts by weight of the rapeseed meal and 90 to 40 parts by weight of water are mixed.   A method for producing a high protein, low glucosinolate rapeseed meal, comprising mixing the rapeseed meal and water, and performing a saccharification treatment and an alcohol fermentation treatment in the same step.