JP2010008632A - Three-dimensional image display apparatus - Google Patents

Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a three-dimensional image display apparatus capable of generating and scattering a group of light beams needed to display a stereoscopic image with spatially high density, naturally guiding the line of sight of an observer to the stereoscopic image, and displaying the stereoscopic image having small aberration. <P>SOLUTION: The three-dimensional image display apparatus includes an optical system comprising: a light source 10 comprising U<SB>0</SB>×V<SB>0</SB>planar light-emitting members 11 arranged like a two-dimensional matrix; a two-dimensional image forming device 30 producing a two-dimensional image and diffraction light having a plurality of diffraction orders based on the two-dimensional image; a first lens L<SB>1</SB>; a Fourier transform image selection means SF selecting a desired Fourier transform image in Fourier transform images produced by the first lens L<SB>1</SB>; a second lens L<SB>2</SB>; and a third lens L<SB>3</SB>. Further, the apparatus includes a two-dimensional image data sending-out means sending out two-dimensional image data corrected in aberration caused by the optical system to the two-dimensional image forming device. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2010,JPO&INPIT

Description

  The present invention relates to a three-dimensional image display device capable of displaying a stereoscopic image.

  Both eyes of the observer can obtain a plurality of stereoscopic images from different viewpoints by preparing a plurality of sets of parallax images or a binocular stereoscopic image technique for obtaining stereoscopic images by observing different images called parallax images. Ocular stereoscopic image technology is known, and many technologies related to these have been developed. However, in the binocular stereoscopic image technology and the multi-view stereoscopic image technology, the stereoscopic image is not located in a space intended as a stereoscopic image, but exists on a two-dimensional display surface, for example. Located at a certain position. Accordingly, convergence and adjustment, which are visual system physiological reactions in particular, do not work together, and eye strain associated therewith is a problem.

  On the other hand, in the real world, information on the surface of an object propagates to an observer's eyeball using light waves as a medium. A holography technique is known as a technique for artificially reproducing a light wave from an object surface that physically exists in the real world. A stereoscopic image using the holography technique uses an interference fringe generated based on light interference, and uses a diffraction wavefront itself generated when the interference fringe is illuminated with light as an image information medium. Therefore, visual system physiological reactions such as convergence and adjustment similar to those when the observer observes an object in the real world occur, and an image with less eye strain can be obtained. Furthermore, the fact that the light wavefront from the object is reproduced means that continuity is ensured in the direction in which image information is transmitted. Therefore, even if the observer's viewpoint moves, it is possible to continuously present appropriate images from different angles according to the movement, and motion parallax can be continuously provided.

  However, in the holography technology, three-dimensional space information of an object is recorded as interference fringes in a two-dimensional space, and the amount of information is extremely large compared to the amount of information in a two-dimensional space such as a photograph of the same object taken. Amount. This is because it can be considered that when the three-dimensional space information is converted into the two-dimensional space information, the information is converted into the density in the two-dimensional space. Therefore, the spatial resolution required for a display device that displays interference fringes by CGH (Computer Generated Hologram) is extremely high, and an enormous amount of information is required. Realizing a stereoscopic image based on a real-time hologram At present, it is technically difficult.

  In the holography technique, light waves that can be regarded as continuous information are used as an information medium to transmit information from an object. On the other hand, as a technique for generating a stereoscopic image by discretizing light waves and recreating a situation that is theoretically equivalent to a field consisting of light waves in the real world with light rays, the light ray reproduction method (also called the integral photography method) )It has been known. In the light beam reproduction method, a light beam group composed of a large number of light beams propagating in many directions is scattered in the space in advance by optical means. Next, a light ray propagating from the surface of a virtual object located at an arbitrary position is selected from the group of light rays, and the intensity or phase of the selected light ray is modulated, so that an image composed of the light rays is converted into a space. Generate. An observer can observe this image as a stereoscopic image. A stereoscopic image obtained by the ray reconstruction method is an image in which images from a plurality of directions are multiplexed at an arbitrary point, and the viewing position of an arbitrary point is the same as when a three-dimensional object is viewed in the real world. The way it looks is different.

  As an apparatus for realizing the above-described light beam reproduction method, an apparatus combining a flat display device such as a liquid crystal display device or a plasma display device with a microlens array or a pinhole array has been proposed (for example, the following). (See Patent Literature 1 to Patent Literature 7). An apparatus in which a large number of projector units are arranged is also conceivable. FIG. 32 shows an example of the configuration of a three-dimensional image display apparatus that realizes a light beam reproduction method using a projector unit. In this apparatus, a large number of projector units 501 are arranged in parallel in the horizontal direction and the vertical direction, and light beams having different angles are emitted from the respective projector units 501. As a result, a multi-view angle image is multiplexed and reproduced at an arbitrary point in a certain cross section 502 to realize a stereoscopic image.

Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2007-199587 describes
(A) a light source,
(B) Having a plurality of pixels, modulating the light from the light source by each pixel to generate a two-dimensional image, and corresponding the spatial frequency in the generated two-dimensional image to a plurality of diffraction orders generated from each pixel Light modulating means for emitting along the diffraction angle,
(C) Fourier transform the spatial frequency in the two-dimensional image emitted from the light modulation means to generate a number of Fourier transform images corresponding to the plurality of diffraction orders generated from the pixels, An image limiting / generating unit that selects only a predetermined Fourier transform image, and further performs an inverse Fourier transform on the selected Fourier transform image to form a conjugate image of the two-dimensional image generated by the light modulation unit,
(D) an oversampling filter having a plurality of aperture areas and emitting spatial frequencies in a conjugate image of a two-dimensional image along diffraction angles corresponding to a plurality of diffraction orders generated from the respective aperture areas;
(E) Fourier transform image formation for Fourier transforming the spatial frequency in the conjugate image of the two-dimensional image emitted from the oversampling filter to generate a number of Fourier transform images corresponding to a plurality of diffraction orders generated from the aperture regions. means,
(F) Fourier transform image selection means for selecting a Fourier transform image corresponding to a desired diffraction order among Fourier transform images generated in a number corresponding to a plurality of diffraction orders generated from each aperture region; and
(G) conjugate image forming means for forming a conjugate image of the Fourier transform image selected by the Fourier transform image selection means;
Is disclosed.

JP 2003-173128 A Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 2003-161912 JP 2003-295114 A JP 2003-75771 A JP 2002-72135 A JP 2001-56450 A Japanese Patent No. 3523605 JP 2007-199587 A

  According to the above-described light ray reproduction method, an image is obtained with light rays that are effective for focus adjustment as a visual function and binocular convergence angle adjustment, which is impossible with binocular stereoscopic image technology and multi-view stereoscopic images. Therefore, it is possible to provide a stereoscopic image with very little eye strain. In addition, since light rays are continuously emitted in a plurality of directions from the same element on the virtual object, it is possible to continuously provide a change in the image accompanying the movement of the viewpoint position.

  However, an image generated by the current light beam reproduction method lacks a sense of reality compared to an object in the real world. This is because the stereoscopic image by the current light beam reproduction method is generated by a very small amount of information, that is, a small amount of light with respect to the amount of information obtained by the observer from the object in the real world. Conceivable. In general, it is said that the human visual perception limit is about 1 minute in angular resolution, and a three-dimensional image by the current light beam reproduction method is generated by light rays that are insufficient for human vision. Therefore, in order to generate a stereoscopic image having high realism and reality of an object in the real world, it is a problem to generate an image with at least a large amount of light.

  In order to realize this, a technique capable of generating a light beam group with high spatial density is required, and it is conceivable to increase the display density of a display device such as a liquid crystal display device. Alternatively, in the case of the apparatus having a large number of projector units 501 shown in FIG. 32, it is conceivable that the projector units 501 are made as small as possible and arranged with high spatial density. However, a dramatic improvement in display density in current display devices is difficult due to problems of light utilization efficiency and diffraction limit. In the case of the apparatus shown in FIG. 32, it is considered difficult to arrange the projector units 501 at a high spatial density because there is a limit to downsizing the projector units 501. In any case, in order to generate a high-density light beam group, a plurality of devices are required, and the overall size of the apparatus cannot be avoided.

  In the three-dimensional image display device disclosed in Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2007-199587, a group of light beams necessary for displaying a stereoscopic image can be generated at a high spatial density without increasing the size of the entire three-dimensional image display device. It is possible to scatter and obtain a stereoscopic image with light rays that are close to the same quality as real-world objects. However, in the three-dimensional image display device disclosed in Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2007-199587, the Fourier transform image selected by the Fourier transform image selection means floats in the space in a state of being arranged in a two-dimensional matrix as bright luminescent spots. Since it looks like a state, the observer's line of sight is naturally guided to these bright luminescent spots, resulting in a problem that it is difficult to see the stereoscopic image. Further, in the three-dimensional image display device disclosed in Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2007-199587, there is a demand for further simplification of the configuration and structure for obtaining a stereoscopic image having a desired size.

  Furthermore, in current display devices, particularly in a projection optical system, light incident at an angle to the periphery of the lens system is a cause of various aberrations in a stereoscopic image. It is difficult to obtain a stereoscopic image. In order to correct such aberration by the optical system of the display device, that is, in order to perform appropriate aberration correction, it is necessary to add a complicated mechanism to the lens system, which increases the manufacturing cost of the display device, increases the space, Problems such as increased weight arise.

  In addition, for example, when the light source is composed of a light emitting element, if the luminance variation occurs in the light emitting element, uneven luminance occurs in the generated image, and in some cases, the color of the image changes. Cause deterioration of image quality. The variation in the luminance of the light emitting element occurs not only when the light source is attached to the three-dimensional image display device (when assembling the three-dimensional image display device), but also due to secular changes and changes in the operating environment.

  Therefore, a first object of the present invention is to generate and scatter a group of light beams necessary for displaying a stereoscopic image at a high spatial density without increasing the size of the entire three-dimensional image display device. It is possible to obtain a stereoscopic image with light rays that are close to the same quality as the object of the object, and the viewer's line of sight can be naturally guided to a stereoscopic image. An object of the present invention is to provide a three-dimensional image display device capable of displaying. The second object of the present invention is to provide a three-dimensional image display device that does not cause deterioration in the quality of the displayed image even when the light intensity of the light emitted from the light source changes. It is to provide.

The three-dimensional image display device of the present invention for achieving the first object is as follows.
(A) a light source composed of U ₀ × V ₀ planar light-emitting members arranged in a two-dimensional matrix;
(B) A two-dimensional image having openings arranged in a two-dimensional matrix along the X and Y directions and controlling the passage or reflection of light sequentially emitted from each planar light-emitting member for each opening. A two-dimensional image forming apparatus that generates diffracted light of a plurality of diffraction orders for each aperture based on the two-dimensional image,
(C) a first lens having a two-dimensional image forming apparatus disposed on its front focal plane;
(D) The desired diffraction among the Fourier transform images generated by the first lens based on the diffracted light that is located on the rear focal plane of the first lens and is generated by the number corresponding to the plurality of diffraction orders. Fourier transform image selection means for selecting a Fourier transform image corresponding to the order,
(E) a second lens having Fourier transform image selection means disposed on its front focal plane, and
(F) a third lens whose front focal plane is located on the rear focal plane of the second lens;
An optical system comprising:
2D image data sending means for sending 2D image data corrected for aberrations caused by the optical system to a 2D image forming apparatus;
It has.

Here, assuming that the diagonal length of the two-dimensional image forming apparatus is DP _S and the diagonal length of the image is IG _S , these diagonal lengths and the focal point of the first lens made of, for example, a convex lens are used. distance f _1, between the focal length f ₂ of the second lens for example made of convex lens, when the constant "k", the following relation is established. Therefore, rather than prescribing the size of the image based on the wavelength of the light (illumination light) emitted from the light source and the diffraction in the two-dimensional image forming apparatus, the focal length f ₁ of the _first lens and the second By appropriately selecting the focal length f _{2 of the} lens, the size of the image can be easily set. The convex lens can be composed of any one of a biconvex lens, a plano-convex lens, and a meniscus convex lens.
IG _S / DP _S = k · f ₂ / f ₁
The value of f ₂ / f ₁ has only to satisfy 0 <f ₂ / f _1, for example,
0.3 ≦ f ₂ / f ₁ ≦ 5
Is more preferable.

In the three-dimensional image display device of the present invention, the Fourier transform image selection means can be constituted by a spatial filter having U ₀ × V ₀ openings. Such a configuration may be referred to as a “first configuration three-dimensional image display device”. The opening may be controllable to open and close, or may be always open. In the three-dimensional image display device having the first configuration, a liquid crystal display device (more specifically, a transmissive or reflective liquid crystal display device) is given as a spatial filter having an opening that can be controlled to open and close. Alternatively, a two-dimensional MEMS in which movable mirrors are arranged in a two-dimensional matrix can also be mentioned. In addition, in a spatial filter having an opening that can be controlled to be opened and closed, the desired opening is opened in synchronization with the generation timing of a two-dimensional image by the two-dimensional image forming apparatus, thereby corresponding to a desired diffraction order. It can be set as the structure which selects a Fourier-transform image. The position of the opening may be a position where a Fourier transform image corresponding to a desired diffraction order in the Fourier transform image obtained by the first lens is formed, and the position of the opening corresponds to each planar light emission. It corresponds to the position where the member is arranged. The size of the opening of the spatial filter is preferably substantially equal to or substantially equal to the size of the two-dimensional image generated by the two-dimensional image forming apparatus and imaged on the spatial filter. The angle θ between the width of the gap existing between the adjacent openings (distance between the edges of the adjacent openings) with respect to the observer can be exemplified as 2.9 × 10 ⁻⁴ radians or less. .

Alternatively, in the three-dimensional image display device of the present invention, the Fourier transform image selection means can be configured by a scattering diffraction limiting member having U ₀ × V ₀ openings. Such a configuration may be referred to as a “second configuration three-dimensional image display device”. The scattering diffraction limiting member can be produced, for example, by providing an opening (for example, a pinhole) in a plate member that does not transmit light.

A Fourier formed by light from a light source in the three-dimensional image display device of the present invention including the preferred embodiments and configurations described above (hereinafter, these may be collectively referred to as “the present invention”). The number of converted images is (plural diffraction orders) × U ₀ × V ₀ . Further, the Fourier transform image obtained based on the light emitted from each planar light emitting member (sometimes referred to as “illumination light”) corresponds to the position of each planar light emitting member by the first lens. The image is formed with a certain area (specifically, for example, in a rectangular shape) instead of a point shape. Since the Fourier transform image selection means is arranged, the number of images formed by the illumination light is finally U ₀ × V ₀ .

In the present invention, each planar light emitting member is
(A) a rod integrator (also called a kaleidoscope) that emits light from one end face; and
(B) a light emitting diode disposed on the other end face of the rod integrator;
It can consist of By configuring the planar light emitting member from a rod integrator, illumination light can be emitted in a planar and uniform manner from the planar light emitting member, and by using a light emitting diode, there is a problem when using a laser. No speckle noise is generated. The same applies to the following description. In this case, a light diffusing member can be arranged on one end surface of the rod integrator, whereby the light emitting region on one end surface of the planar light emitting member and the adjacent planar light emitting member can be formed. When the gap existing between the light emitting region on one end surface of the light source is at a level that can be confirmed with the naked eye, the light diffusion member itself acts as a secondary light source, and thus such a gap cannot be confirmed with the naked eye. It becomes possible.

Alternatively, in the present invention, each planar light emitting member is
(A) a rod integrator that emits light from one end surface;
(B) a light emitting diode disposed on the other end face of the rod integrator;
(C) a reflective polarizing member that is disposed on one end face of the rod integrator and that allows a part of incident light to pass through and reflects the rest according to the polarization state;
(D) a light reflecting member provided at a portion that does not block the light emitted from the light emitting diode on the other end surface of the rod integrator;
It can consist of And in this case, each planar light emitting member,
(E) a quarter-wave plate disposed between the other end face of the rod integrator and the light reflecting member,
Further, in these preferable configurations, each planar light-emitting member is,
(F) a light diffusing member provided on the reflective polarizing member;
It can be set as the structure further provided.

Alternatively, in the present invention, each planar light emitting member is
(A) a PS polarization separation / conversion element including a first prism, a second prism, and a polarization beam splitter, and
(B) a light emitting diode;
Consisting of
The first prism and the second prism are arranged to face each other via the polarization separation surface of the polarization beam splitter,
The first prism is provided with a first light reflecting member and a second light reflecting member provided in a portion that does not block the light emitted from the light emitting diode,
The S-polarized component of the light emitted from the light emitting diode and incident on the first prism is reflected by the polarizing beam splitter, reflected by the second light reflecting member, reflected again by the polarizing beam splitter, and further, the first light reflecting member. Reflected by
The P-polarized component of the light emitted from the light emitting diode and incident on the first prism and the P-polarized component of the light reflected by the first light reflecting member pass through the polarization beam splitter and are emitted from the exit surface of the second prism. It can be set as the structure radiate | emitted. And in this case, each planar light emitting member,
(C) a quarter-wave plate disposed between the first prism and the first light reflecting member,
It can be set as the structure further provided.

  For example, the first prism can be composed of a triangular prism having at least a first slope, a second slope, and a bottom surface, and the second prism also has at least a first slope, a second slope, and a bottom surface. It can be composed of a triangular prism. In this case, the bottom surface of the first prism and the bottom surface of the second prism are arranged to face each other via the polarization separation surface of the polarization beam splitter, and the first light is placed on the first slope of the first prism. A reflecting member is disposed, and in some cases, a quarter-wave plate is disposed between the first slope of the first prism and the first light reflecting member, and on the second slope of the first prism. The 2nd light reflection member is arrange | positioned at. Then, the S-polarized component of the light incident from the first slope of the first prism is reflected toward the second slope of the first prism by the polarization beam splitter. On the other hand, the P-polarized component passes through the polarization beam splitter and is emitted from the first slope of the second prism.

Alternatively, in the present invention, each planar light emitting member is
(A) a plate-like member that emits light from one end face;
(B) a light emitting diode disposed on the other end surface of the plate-like member;
(C) a reflective polarizing member that is disposed on one end surface of the plate-like member and allows a part of incident light to pass through and reflects the rest according to the polarization state;
(D) a light reflecting member provided at a portion that does not block the light emitted from the light emitting diode on the other end surface of the plate-like member;
(E) a quarter-wave plate disposed between the other end surface of the plate-like member and the light reflecting member, and
(F) a light diffusing member provided on the reflective polarizing member;
It can be set as the structure which consists of.

Here, as a rod integrator, a hollow member whose cross-sectional shape when cut along a virtual plane perpendicular to its axis is a rectangle and whose both end faces are open ends can be cited, or one end face is an open end. And a hollow member having the other end surface formed of a light diffusion surface. In this case, a light reflecting layer is preferably provided on the inner surface or outer surface of the hollow member. Alternatively, a solid member made of a transparent material having a rectangular cross-sectional shape when cut along a virtual plane perpendicular to the axis can be given. In this case also, it is preferable that a light reflecting layer is provided on the outer surface of the solid member. In addition, you may form a light-diffusion layer in the other end surface facing a light emitting element. Examples of the material constituting the hollow member and the solid member include plastic materials such as PMMA resin, polycarbonate resin (PC), polyarylate resin (PAR), polyethylene terephthalate resin (PET), and acrylic resin, and glass. . Moreover, as a light reflection layer, a silver layer, a chromium layer, an aluminum layer formed by a physical vapor deposition method (PVD method) such as a sputtering method or a vacuum deposition method, a chemical vapor deposition method (CVD method), a plating method, etc. Examples thereof include a metal layer such as a layer and an alloy layer. In order to obtain a light source by arranging U ₀ × V ₀ planar light emitting members in a two-dimensional matrix, for example, but not limited to, U ₀ × V ₀ planar light emitting members are two-dimensionally arranged. After being arranged in a matrix (bundled), it may be bound using an appropriate binding means. When the planar light emitting members are arranged in a two-dimensional matrix, it is desirable that there is no gap (space) between one end surfaces (light emitting surfaces) of adjacent planar light emitting members. The light emitted from the light emitting diode is incident on the rod integrator from the light entrance surface (other end surface) of the rod integrator, and is emitted from the light exit surface (one end surface) of the rod integrator while repeatedly reflecting inside the rod integrator. The light emitted from the rod integrator is made uniform, and light is emitted in a planar shape from the light emitting surface (one end surface) of the rod integrator.

  In the present invention including the various preferred modes and configurations described above, it can be configured to include a light detection means for measuring the light intensity of the light sequentially emitted from each planar light emitting member, As a result, the second object can be achieved. And in this case, it can be set as the structure which controls the light emission state of each planar light emitting member based on the measurement result of the light intensity in a light detection means. Alternatively, the operation state of the two-dimensional image forming apparatus can be controlled based on the measurement result of the light intensity in the light detection means.

  In the present invention including the various preferable modes and configurations described above, the two-dimensional image data sending means can be constituted by a computer having a recording means such as a well-known personal computer or a so-called workstation. Then, two-dimensional image data in which aberration generated by the optical system constituting the three-dimensional image display device is corrected, an operator described below, and the like may be recorded in the recording unit. Examples of the recording means include a hard disk and various solid-state memories. The operation of the two-dimensional image forming apparatus can also be controlled by such a computer.

An ideally reproduced image (for example, a three-dimensional image or a three-dimensional image) having no aberration based on the two-dimensional image data Data (A) before aberration correction is “A”, and actually the two-dimensional image data Data (A). An image (for example, a three-dimensional image or a three-dimensional image) that is reproduced based on “a” (various aberrations included) is assumed. At this time, the original two-dimensional image data Data (A) is corrected based on, for example, a simulation or corrected by trial and error so that the image when actually reproduced becomes “A”. Then, the two-dimensional image data obtained by finally correcting the original two-dimensional image data Data (A) so that the image when actually reproduced becomes “A” is represented as Data (A ′). To do. Then, for example, if the value of (u, v) or the like is determined, it is between the original two-dimensional image data Data (A) before the aberration correction and the finally corrected two-dimensional image data Data (A ′). Has a certain relationship. Here, the value of (u, v) indicates a position number in the planar light-emitting member constituting the light source or the Fourier transform image selection means, and the values of u and v are integers, for example, (−U ₀ / _{2) ≦ u ≦ (U 0} /2), (- satisfies _{V 0/2) ≦ v ≦} (V 0/2). That is, a kind of operator using the value of (u, v) or the like as a parameter can be obtained. Such an operator may be recorded in the recording means of the two-dimensional image data sending means. Then, two-dimensional image data obtained by correcting the aberration of the original two-dimensional image data before aberration correction based on the relationship (the above-described operator) [that is, two aberrations corrected by the optical system constituting the three-dimensional image display apparatus are corrected. Dimensional image data Data (A ′)] is recorded in the recording means of the two-dimensional image data sending means, and the two-dimensional image data Data (A ′) after the aberration correction is sent from the two-dimensional image data sending means to the two-dimensional image. The image may be sent to the forming apparatus and reproduced in the two-dimensional image forming apparatus. Alternatively, the two-dimensional image data Data (A) sent from the outside to the three-dimensional image display device is subjected to aberration correction in the two-dimensional image data sending means based on an operator in real time, and the aberration correction is performed. The two-dimensional image data Data (A ′) may be sent from the two-dimensional image data sending means to the two-dimensional image forming apparatus, and the two-dimensional image forming apparatus may reproduce the image. If the 3D image display device is driven, for example, by field sequential driving, not only Seidel's five aberrations but also chromatic aberrations can be corrected.

  Examples of the light detection means include a photodiode, a CCD, and a CMOS sensor. A system in which a beam splitter or a partial reflection mirror (partial reflector) is disposed between the light source and the two-dimensional image forming apparatus, and a part of light incident on the two-dimensional image forming apparatus is extracted from the light source and incident on the light detection means. Alternatively, a partial reflection mirror may be disposed behind the two-dimensional image forming apparatus so that a part of the light emitted from the two-dimensional image forming apparatus is extracted and incident on the light detection unit. A method of attaching the light detection means to the forming apparatus or a method of incorporating the light detection means in the planar light emitting member (specifically, for example, the light detection means is provided in the vicinity of each light emitting element constituting the planar light emitting member). Or a method in which light detection means is incorporated in the light emitting element), and the light passing through the two-dimensional image forming apparatus from the light source or the effective area incident to the rear thereof is not blocked. It may be arranged a light detection means to the position.

  In the present invention including the preferred configuration and configuration described above, the two-dimensional image forming apparatus is a liquid crystal display device having a plurality of (P × Q) pixels arrayed two-dimensionally (more specifically, transmission). Each pixel is provided with an opening, or a two-dimensional image forming apparatus has a plurality of (P × Q) openings. Each of the openings is provided with a movable mirror (the movable mirror is composed of a two-dimensional MEMS arranged in each of the openings arranged in a two-dimensional matrix). The planar shape of the opening is preferably rectangular. When the planar shape of the opening is rectangular, Fraunhofer diffraction occurs, and M × N sets of diffracted light are generated. That is, such an aperture forms an amplitude grating that periodically modulates the amplitude (intensity) of the incident light wave and obtains a light amount distribution that matches the light transmittance distribution of the grating.

  Here, the spatial frequency in the two-dimensional image can be configured to correspond to image information in which the spatial frequency of the pixel structure is the carrier frequency. Furthermore, the spatial frequency in the conjugate image of the two-dimensional image is the two-dimensional image. The spatial frequency obtained by removing the spatial frequency of the pixel structure from the spatial frequency in FIG. That is, a spatial frequency that is obtained as first-order diffraction using the 0th-order diffraction of the plane wave component as a carrier frequency and is less than half of the spatial frequency of the pixel structure (aperture structure) is selected by the Fourier transform image selection means, Alternatively, it passes through the Fourier transform image selection means. All the spatial frequencies displayed on the two-dimensional image forming apparatus are transmitted.

  Depending on the specifications of the three-dimensional image display device, monochromatic light (light from any one of red light emitting diode, green light emitting diode, or blue light emitting diode) or white light (white light emitting diode) may be emitted from the planar light emitting member. Or the light source is a planar light emitting member having a red light emitting diode, a planar light emitting member having a green light emitting diode, and a planar shape having a blue light emitting diode. It is comprised from the aggregate | assembly of the light emitting member, and you may radiate | emit light (red light, green light, and blue light) from a light source by driving the light emitting diode in these planar light emitting members sequentially.

  The reflective polarizing member has, for example, a structure in which, for example, aluminum ribs are formed on the surface of a base material made of a transparent material with a width of several tens of nm and a pitch of several hundreds of nm, or a refractive index. It has a laminated film structure in which a plurality of different layers are stacked. The arrangement of the reflective polarizing member on one end surface of the rod integrator or the one end surface of the plate-like member can be achieved by adhering such a base material, depending on the specifications of the reflective polarizing member, Alternatively, it can be achieved by directly forming a laminated film structure.

  A polarizing beam splitter (also called a polarizing film) is formed by forming a dielectric multilayer film, a dielectric high reflection film or a cut filter on the first prism, or by forming a film on the second prism. Obtainable. In the polarization beam splitter, the refractive index and the incident angle of the film and the base (first prism or second prism) are set so that the incident angle to the interface matches the Brewster angle in the multilayer film. Generally it is set. For example, the laminated structure of the bottom surface of the first prism / the polarizing beam splitter / the bottom surface of the second prism is obtained by fixing the bottom surface of the first prism, the polarizing beam splitter, and the bottom surface of the second prism using, for example, an adhesive. be able to.

Examples of the light reflecting member, the first light reflecting member, and the second light reflecting member (hereinafter, these may be collectively referred to as “light reflecting member or the like”) may include an increased reflection film. Here, examples of the reflective reflection film include a silver enhanced reflection film having a structure in which a silver reflective film, a low refractive index film, and a high refractive index film are sequentially laminated. In addition, a dielectric multilayer reflective film having a structure in which a low refractive index thin film such as SiO ₂ and a high refractive index thin film such as TiO ₂ or Ta ₂ O ₅ are alternately laminated, as well as sub-layers having different refractive indexes. An organic polymer multilayer thin film type reflective film produced by laminating polymer films having a thickness of micron can also be exemplified. Alternatively, examples of the light reflecting member include a metal layer such as a silver layer, a chromium layer, and an aluminum layer, and an alloy layer. As a method of providing a light reflecting member or the like, when the light reflecting member or the like is in the form of a sheet, film or plate, a method using an adhesive, a method of screwing, a method of fixing by ultrasonic bonding, a method of using an adhesive In addition, when the light reflecting member is a thin film, a well-known film forming method such as a PVD method such as a vacuum deposition method or a sputtering method, or a CVD method can be used.

  As the quarter-wave plate, a well-known quarter-wave plate made from a birefringent crystal such as quartz or calcite, or a well-known quarter-wave plate made from plastic may be used. In order to provide or arrange the quarter wave plate, for example, an adhesive may be used.

  Examples of the material constituting the sheet-like or film-like light diffusing member include polycarbonate resin (PC); polystyrene resin (PS); methacrylic resin. A light diffusing member can be obtained by processing the surface of a sheet-like or film-like material made of these resins into a satin-like shape (that is, a fine uneven surface) based on, for example, a sandblast method. Alternatively, a light diffusing member can be obtained by applying a light diffusing agent to the surface of a sheet-like or film-like material made of these resins. Here, the light diffusing agent is a particle having a property of diffusing light from a light source, and is composed of inorganic material particles or organic material particles. Specific examples of the inorganic material constituting the inorganic material particles include silica, aluminum hydroxide, aluminum oxide, titanium oxide, zinc oxide, barium sulfate, magnesium silicate, and a mixture thereof. On the other hand, as resins constituting organic material particles, acrylic resins, acrylonitrile resins, polyurethane resins, polyvinyl chloride resins, polystyrene resins, polyacrylonitrile resins, polyamide resins, polysiloxane resins, melamine resins Can be illustrated. Examples of the shape of the light diffusing agent include a spherical shape, a cubic shape, a needle shape, a rod shape, a spindle shape, a plate shape, a scale shape, and a fiber shape. As a method of providing the light diffusing member, a method of attaching the light diffusing member to the reflective polarizing member using an adhesive or an adhesive sheet can be exemplified. Alternatively, as a method of providing the light diffusing member, a method of applying a light diffusing agent to the reflective polarizing member can be exemplified. Alternatively, as a method of providing the light diffusing member, a method of applying a light diffusing agent to one end surface or the other end surface of the rod integrator can be exemplified.

  What is necessary is just to produce a 1st prism and a 2nd prism from well-known optical glass. Each of these prisms may be composed of a combination of a plurality of prisms. That is, one prism may be manufactured by bonding a plurality of prisms with, for example, an adhesive. Note that the angle formed by the two slopes of the triangular prism need not be 90 degrees. The light beam is incident, reflected, and refracted so as to pass through a predetermined optical surface, and even if the P-polarized component light and the S-polarized component light separated by the beam splitter pass through different optical paths, It is important to emit light from one slope in substantially the same direction. In some cases, the portion where the slope and bottom surface of the prism intersect, and the portion where the two slopes of the prism intersect, are not composed of ridge lines, but may be composed of flat surfaces or curved surfaces. You may form a light-diffusion layer in the part of the surface (1st slope) of the 1st prism facing a light emitting element.

  As the plate member, a material transparent to light emitted from the light emitting diode, for example, glass, plastic material (for example, methacrylic resin, polycarbonate resin (PC), acrylic resin, amorphous polypropylene resin, And styrene resins including AS resins, polyester resins such as polyethylene terephthalate (PET) resins and polybutylene terephthalate (PBT) resins).

In the present invention including the preferred configurations and forms described above, the number of U ₀ and V ₀ is not limited, but 4 ≦ U ₀ ≦ 20, preferably 9 ≦ U ₀ ≦ 11, for example. 4 ≦ V ₀ ≦ 20, preferably 9 ≦ V ₀ ≦ 11, for example. The value of U _{0 and} the value of V ₀ may be equal or different. The plane (XY plane) imaged by the first lens may be hereinafter referred to as “imaging plane”.

  In a preferred embodiment of the three-dimensional image display device of the present invention, a Fourier transform image corresponding to a desired diffraction order is selected by the Fourier transform image selection means or alternatively passes through the Fourier transform image selection means. Here, the desired diffraction order is not limited, and examples thereof include zero-order diffraction orders.

  In the three-dimensional image display device of the present invention including various preferable configurations and forms described above, an illumination optical system for shaping illumination light may be disposed between the light source and the two-dimensional image forming device. . Specifically, a lens (for example, a collimator lens) is disposed between the light source and the two-dimensional image forming apparatus, and the light source is located on the front focal plane (or in the vicinity of the front focal plane) of this lens. However, it is preferable because the light (illumination light) emitted from the lens becomes parallel light (substantially parallel light).

  In a liquid crystal display device constituting a two-dimensional image forming apparatus, for example, an area where a transparent first electrode and a transparent second electrode described below are overlapped and includes a liquid crystal cell corresponds to one pixel (one pixel). . Then, by operating the liquid crystal cell as a kind of light shutter (light valve), that is, by controlling the light transmittance (aperture ratio) of each pixel, the light of the illumination light emitted from the planar light emitting member By controlling the transmittance, a two-dimensional image can be obtained as a whole. In the overlapping region of the transparent first electrode and the transparent second electrode, a rectangular opening is provided, and the illumination light emitted from the planar light emitting member passes through the opening so that the Fraunhofer diffraction is performed for each pixel. And M × N sets of diffracted light are generated.

  The liquid crystal display device includes, for example, a front panel provided with a transparent first electrode, a rear panel provided with a transparent second electrode, and a liquid crystal material disposed between the front panel and the rear panel. More specifically, the front panel includes, for example, a first substrate made of, for example, a glass substrate or a silicon substrate, and a transparent first electrode (also called a common electrode, for example, ITO provided on the inner surface of the first substrate. And a polarizing film provided on the outer surface of the first substrate. Furthermore, an alignment film is formed on the transparent first electrode. On the other hand, the rear panel more specifically includes, for example, a second substrate made of a glass substrate or a silicon substrate, a switching element formed on the inner surface of the second substrate, and conduction / non-conduction by the switching element. A transparent second electrode to be controlled (also called a pixel electrode, which is made of, for example, ITO) and a polarizing film provided on the outer surface of the second substrate. An alignment film is formed on the entire surface including the transparent second electrode. Various members and liquid crystal materials constituting these transmissive liquid crystal display devices can be formed of known members and materials. Examples of the switching element include a three-terminal element such as a MOS type FET and a thin film transistor (TFT) formed on a single crystal silicon semiconductor substrate, and a two-terminal element such as an MIM element, a varistor element, and a diode. Alternatively, a liquid crystal display device having a so-called matrix electrode configuration in which a plurality of scanning electrodes extend in a first direction and a plurality of data electrodes extend in a second direction can be provided. In the transmissive liquid crystal display device, the illumination light from the planar light emitting member is incident from the second substrate and is emitted from the first substrate. On the other hand, in the reflection type liquid crystal display device, the illumination light from the planar light emitting member is incident from the first substrate and, for example, a second electrode (pixel electrode) formed on the inner surface of the second substrate. And is emitted from the first substrate again. The opening can be obtained, for example, by forming an opaque insulating material layer for illumination light from the planar light emitting member between the transparent second electrode and the alignment film, and forming the opening in the insulating material layer. . In addition, as the reflective liquid crystal display device, an LCoS (Liquid Crystal on Silicon) type can also be used.

  In the three-dimensional image display device of the present invention, when the number P × Q of the pixels (pixels) of the two-dimensional image is represented by (P, Q), specifically, as the value of (P, Q), VGA ( 640,480), S-VGA (800,600), XGA (1024,768), APRC (1152,900), S-XGA (1280,1024), U-XGA (1600,1200), HD-TV ( 1920, 1080), Q-XGA (2048, 1536), (1920, 1035), (720, 480), (1280, 960), etc. It is not limited to these values.

  In the three-dimensional image display device of the present invention, a two-dimensional image is generated in the two-dimensional image forming device based on the two-dimensional image data in which the aberration generated by the optical system constituting the three-dimensional image display device is corrected. Accordingly, it is possible to correct aberrations that cannot be solved only by optical means, and display an image (for example, a three-dimensional image or a three-dimensional image) that has no aberration or little aberration even in a simple optical system. be able to. In addition, when the optical system is a wide-angle system, the aberration generally increases, but the increase of the aberration can be reliably suppressed. In addition, for example, the Fourier transform image selection means functions as a kind of diaphragm, so that the depth of focus of the optical system can be increased and a clear image can be obtained.

In addition, in the three-dimensional image display device of the present invention, the ratio of the focal length f ₁ of the first lens and the focal length f ₂ of the second lens can be defined in advance, whereby a two-dimensional image is obtained. An image of k · f ₂ / f ₁ times the size of the forming apparatus can be obtained. That is, a stereoscopic image having a desired size can be obtained even with a simple configuration and structure without adding special components.

In the three-dimensional image display device of the present invention, a two-dimensional image is generated and generated by the two-dimensional image forming device based on light (illumination light) sequentially emitted from each planar light emitting member. A spatial frequency in a two-dimensional image is emitted along diffraction angles corresponding to a plurality of diffraction orders generated from each pixel or the like, and a plurality of spatial frequencies are Fourier-transformed by a first lens (corresponding to Fourier transform image forming means). A number of Fourier transform images corresponding to the diffraction orders are generated, imaged, and finally reach the observer. The image reaching the observer includes a component in the incident direction of light (illumination light) to the two-dimensional image forming apparatus. Then, such operations are sequentially repeated in time series, so that the light ray group (U ₀ × V ₀ light rays) emitted from the first lens can be spatially high in density, As a result of being able to generate and scatter in a state of being distributed in a plurality of directions, based on the light ray reproduction method that efficiently controls the direction component of light rays for constructing a stereoscopic image, which has not existed in the past, with such a light ray group. A three-dimensional image having a texture close to that of a real world object can be obtained without increasing the size of the entire three-dimensional image display device.

  Moreover, since the light (illumination light) is emitted from the light source (planar light emitting member) in the form of a plane instead of a spot, the image formed behind the first lens is a two-dimensional matrix as a bright luminescent spot. Instead of looking like a floating state in space, it is observed as a kind of flat image in which rectangular areas are connected. Therefore, the observer's line of sight is not naturally guided to the planar image, and the problem that the stereoscopic image is difficult to see is unlikely to occur. Furthermore, a stereoscopic image can be obtained without using a diffusion screen or the like.

  Furthermore, in the three-dimensional image display device of the present invention, for example, if a stereoscopic image is constructed based on 0th-order diffracted light, a bright, clear, and high-quality stereoscopic image can be obtained.

  Further, if the light detection means is provided, the light emission state of the planar light emitting member can be monitored, and the occurrence of image quality deterioration due to variations in the light emission state of the planar light emitting member and changes over time can be suppressed. It becomes possible.

  Hereinafter, the present invention will be described based on examples with reference to the drawings.

  Example 1 relates to a three-dimensional image display device of the present invention, and more specifically, relates to a three-dimensional image display device having a first structure. FIG. 1 is a conceptual diagram of a three-dimensional image display apparatus according to Embodiment 1 for monochromatic display. Here, in FIG. 1, the optical axis is the z axis, the orthogonal coordinates in the plane orthogonal to the z axis are the x axis and the y axis, the direction parallel to the x axis is the X direction, and the direction parallel to the y axis is The Y direction is assumed. The X direction is, for example, the horizontal direction in the 3D image display device, and the Y direction is, for example, the vertical direction in the 3D image display device. The z-axis (corresponding to the optical axis) passes through the center of each component constituting the three-dimensional image display device, and is orthogonal to each component constituting the three-dimensional image display device. Here, FIG. 1 is a conceptual diagram of the three-dimensional image display apparatus of Example 1 in the yz plane. The conceptual diagram of the three-dimensional image display apparatus of the first embodiment in the xz plane is substantially the same as FIG. FIG. 2 is a conceptual diagram of the three-dimensional image display apparatus according to the first embodiment when viewed obliquely. FIG. 3 schematically illustrates the arrangement state of the components of the three-dimensional image display apparatus according to the first embodiment. FIG. In FIG. 2, most of the components of the three-dimensional image display device are omitted, and the illustration of the light rays is simplified, which is different from FIGS. Furthermore, in FIG. 2, only a part of the light beam emitted from the two-dimensional image forming apparatus is illustrated. FIGS. 4A and 4B and FIGS. 5A and 5B are conceptual diagrams in which the vicinity of the spatial filter constituting the two-dimensional image forming apparatus, the first lens, and the Fourier transform image selection unit is enlarged. Furthermore, a schematic front view of the light source is shown in FIG. 6, and a schematic front view of the spatial filter is shown in FIG.

In the display of stereoscopic images using the conventional ray reconstruction method, rays that are emitted at various angles are provided in advance in order to emit a plurality of rays with the virtual object surface existing at an arbitrary position as a virtual origin. It is necessary to have a device that can do this. That is, for example, in the apparatus shown in FIG. 32, a large number (for example, U ₀ × V ₀ ) of projector units 501 must be arranged in parallel in the horizontal direction and the vertical direction.

On the other hand, in the three-dimensional image display device 1 according to the first embodiment, the three-dimensional image display device alone including the components shown in FIG. 1 and the like is spatially higher in density than the conventional technology, In addition, it is possible to generate and form a large amount of light groups. The three-dimensional image display apparatus 1 according to the first embodiment is a single three-dimensional image display apparatus, and a large number (U ₀ × V ₀ pieces) of projector units 501 shown in FIG. 32 are arranged in parallel in the horizontal direction and the vertical direction. It has a function equivalent to the arranged device. For example, when the multi-unit method is adopted, as shown in the conceptual diagram of FIG. 31, the number of divided three-dimensional images (for example, 4 × 4 = 16) is the three-dimensional image display of the first embodiment. The apparatus 1 may be provided.

The three-dimensional image display device 1 according to the first embodiment includes an optical system. And this optical system
(A) a light source 10 composed of U ₀ × V ₀ planar light emitting members 11 arranged in a two-dimensional matrix, U _{0 in} the X direction and V _{0 in} the Y direction;
(B) It has openings (number: P × Q) arranged in a two-dimensional matrix along the X direction and the Y direction, and allows light (illumination light) sequentially emitted from each planar light emitting member 11 to pass therethrough. A two-dimensional image forming apparatus 30 that generates a two-dimensional image by controlling each aperture, and generates diffracted light of a plurality of diffraction orders (total M × N) for each aperture based on the two-dimensional image;
(C) thereof and the front focal plane in the two-dimensional image forming apparatus 30 (the light source side focal plane of) is arranged, the first lens L ₁ composed of a convex lens having a focal length f _1,
(D) The first lens L ₁ is generated by the first lens based on the diffracted light that is located on the rear focal plane (observer-side focal plane) of the first lens L ₁ and is generated in the number corresponding to the plurality of diffraction orders. Fourier transform image selection means for selecting a Fourier transform image corresponding to a desired diffraction order among the Fourier transform images obtained,
(E) Fourier transform image selection means is disposed on the front focal plane (focal plane on the light source side), a second lens L ₂ made of a convex lens having a focal length f ₂ , and
(F) a third lens L ₃ whose front focal plane (focal plane on the light source side) is located on the rear focal plane (observer focal plane) of the second lens L ₂ ;
It has.

  Further, a two-dimensional image data sending means (not shown) for sending two-dimensional image data corrected for aberrations caused by the optical system to the two-dimensional image forming apparatus is provided.

  Here, the spatial frequency in the two-dimensional image corresponds to image information using the spatial frequency of the pixel structure as the carrier frequency.

In Example 1, the specific number of the plurality of planar light emitting members 11 arranged in a two-dimensional matrix is U ₀ × V ₀ = 11 × 11, P = 1024, and Q = 768. However, it is not limited to these values. A collimator lens 12 is disposed between the light source 10 and the two-dimensional image forming apparatus 30. Here, a plurality of planar light emitting members 11 are disposed in the front focal plane of the collimator lens 12 or in the vicinity of the front focal plane. The planar light emitting members 11 are emitted from the respective planar light emitting members 11 and incident on the collimator lens 12. As a result of the three-dimensional change of the emission direction of the light (parallel light) when emitted, the incident direction of the light (illumination light) incident on the two-dimensional image forming apparatus 30 can be changed three-dimensionally. (See FIG. 4). In addition, although the emission direction of the light emitted from each planar light emitting member 11 is the same in the first embodiment (specifically, it is parallel to the optical axis (z axis)), it is different. May be.

The three-dimensional image display device 1 of the first embodiment, the first lens front focal plane of the L ₁ in the two-dimensional image forming apparatus 30 (the light source side focal plane of) are arranged. Further, the Fourier transform image selection means, XY plane Fourier transform image by the position (the first lens L ₁ Fourier transform image produced by the first lens L ₁ is imaged is imaged, the imaging plane ). Specifically, the Fourier transform image selection means is disposed on the rear focal plane of the first lens L ₁ (observer-side focal plane).

As shown in FIG. 7, in the first embodiment, the Fourier transform image selection means is composed of a spatial filter SF having U ₀ × V ₀ opening / closing controllable openings 51. Here, the spatial filter SF having the opening 51 that can be controlled to open and close is formed of a liquid crystal display device. Here, examples of the liquid crystal display device constituting the spatial filter SF include a transmissive liquid crystal display device using a ferroelectric liquid crystal or a reflective liquid crystal display device. Alternatively, the spatial filter SF can be constituted by a two-dimensional type MEMS including a device in which movable mirrors are arranged in a two-dimensional matrix. Here, for example, the opening / closing control of the opening 51 can be performed by operating the liquid crystal cell as a kind of optical shutter (light valve), and the opening / closing control of the opening 51 can be performed by moving / non-moving the movable mirror. It can be carried out. In the spatial filter SF having the opening 51 that can be opened and closed, in synchronization with the generation timing of the two-dimensional image by the two-dimensional image forming apparatus 30, the desired opening 51 (specifically, the 0th-order diffracted light The opening 51) for allowing the Fourier transform image to pass through is opened. Thus, a Fourier transform image (or diffracted light) corresponding to a desired diffraction order (0th order) can be selected. The opening 51 is arranged at a position where a desired Fourier transform image of the Fourier transform images obtained by the first lens L ₁ is formed. Further, the position of the opening 51 is in a plane shape. This corresponds to the position where the light emitting member 11 is disposed. Here, the planar shape of the opening 51 in the spatial filter SF may be determined based on the shape of the Fourier transform image. The size of the opening 51 is equal to the size of the two-dimensional image generated by the two-dimensional image forming apparatus 30 and imaged on the spatial filter SF. The angle θ between the width of the gap existing between the adjacent openings 51 (the distance between the edges of the adjacent openings 51) with respect to the observer is as close as possible to 0 radians. The Fourier transform image obtained based on the illumination light emitted from each planar light emitting member 11 corresponds to the position of each planar light emitting member 11 by the first lens L ₁ , for example, in a rectangular shape, An image is formed in the spatial filter SF. The number of Fourier transform images passing through the spatial filter SF is finally U ₀ × V ₀ .

Each planar light emitting member 11 includes a rod integrator 111 that emits light from one end surface 112, and a light emitting diode 116 disposed on the other end surface 113 of the rod integrator 111. When the rod integrator (kaleidoscope) 111 is cut along a virtual plane perpendicular to its axis, the cross-sectional shape is rectangular. As shown in a schematic cross-sectional view in FIG. 8A, the rod integrator 111 is made of a hollow member whose both end surfaces 112 and 113 are open ends. Alternatively, as shown in a schematic cross-sectional view in FIG. 8B, the one end surface 112 is an open end, and the other end surface 113 is made of a hollow member formed of a light diffusion surface. Alternatively, as shown in a schematic cross-sectional view in FIG. 8C, it is made of a solid member made of a transparent material. Alternatively, as shown in the schematic cross-sectional view of FIG. 8D, the light-diffusing layer 114 is formed on the other end surface 113 and is made of a solid member. Alternatively, as shown in a schematic cross-sectional view in FIG. 8E, the hollow member having the light diffusion layer 114 formed on the one end surface 112 is prepared. On the outer surface of the hollow member or the outer surface of the solid member, a light reflecting layer 115 made of an aluminum layer formed by vacuum deposition is provided. The rod integrator 111 is made of glass. By using bundling means (not shown) and arranging U ₀ × V ₀ planar light emitting members 11 in a two-dimensional matrix without any gaps, the light source 10 can be obtained (FIG. 8). (See (F)). In FIG. 8F, 4 × 4 planar light emitting members are illustrated.

A state in which the light beam emitted from the planar light emitting members 11A, 11B, and 11C constituting the light source 10 passes through the two-dimensional image forming apparatus 30, the first lens L ₁ , and the spatial filter SF is schematically illustrated. As shown in FIG. In FIG. 4, a light beam emitted from the planar light emitting member 11A constituting the light source 10 is indicated by a solid line, a light beam emitted from the planar light emitting member 11B is indicated by a one-dot chain line, and is emitted from the planar light emitting member 11C. The luminous flux is indicated by a dotted line. In addition, the positions of the images in the spatial filter SF formed by the illumination light emitted from the planar light emitting members 11A, 11B, and 11C are denoted by reference numerals (11A), (11B), and (11C), respectively. The position numbers (which will be described later) of the planar light emitting members 11A, 11B, and 11C constituting the light source 10 are, for example, the (5,0) th, (0,0) th, and It is the (−5, 0) th. Here, when a certain planar light emitting member is in a light emitting state, all other planar light emitting members are turned off.

  As described above, the collimator lens 12 is disposed between the planar light emitting member 11 and the two-dimensional image forming apparatus 30. The two-dimensional image forming apparatus 30 is illuminated by the illumination light emitted from the planar light emitting member 11 and passed through the collimator lens 12. As described above, the incident direction of the illumination light to the two-dimensional image forming apparatus 30 Are three-dimensionally different depending on the two-dimensional position (light emission position) of the planar light-emitting member 11. That is, the two-dimensional image forming apparatus 30 can be illuminated with illumination light sequentially emitted from different light emission positions of the light source 10 and having different incident directions.

  The two-dimensional image forming apparatus 30 includes a two-dimensional spatial light modulator having a plurality (P × Q) of pixels 31 arranged two-dimensionally, and each pixel 31 has an opening. Here, the two-dimensional image forming apparatus 30 is specifically arranged in a two-dimensional manner, that is, P × Q arranged in a two-dimensional matrix form of P pieces in the X direction and Q pieces in the Y direction. It consists of a transmissive liquid crystal display device having a single pixel 31, and each pixel 31 is provided with an opening. The planar shape of the opening is a rectangle. When the planar shape of the opening is rectangular, Fraunhofer diffraction occurs, and M × N sets of diffracted light are generated. That is, such an aperture forms an amplitude grating that periodically modulates the amplitude (intensity) of the incident light wave and obtains a light amount distribution that matches the light transmittance distribution of the grating.

One pixel 31 is composed of an overlapping region of the transparent first electrode and the transparent second electrode and including a liquid crystal cell. Then, by operating the liquid crystal cell as a kind of light shutter (light valve), that is, by controlling the light transmittance (aperture ratio) of each pixel 31, the planar light emitting member 11 constituting the light source 10 is controlled. By controlling the light transmittance of the emitted illumination light, a two-dimensional image can be obtained as a whole. In the overlapping region of the transparent first electrode and the transparent second electrode, a rectangular opening is provided, and when the illumination light emitted from the planar light-emitting member 11 passes through the opening, Fraunhofer diffraction occurs, resulting in each pixel. At 31, M × N diffracted light is generated. In other words, since the number of pixels 31 is P × Q, it can be considered that a total of (P × Q × M × N) diffracted lights are generated, or Fourier formed by the light from the light source 10. The total number of converted images is M × N × U ₀ × V ₀ . In the two-dimensional image forming apparatus 30, the spatial frequency in the two-dimensional image is emitted from the two-dimensional image forming apparatus 30 along diffraction angles corresponding to a plurality of diffraction orders (total M × N) generated from each pixel 31. Is done. The diffraction angle varies depending on the spatial frequency in the two-dimensional image.

Further, the three-dimensional image display device 1 performs a real Fourier image of the two-dimensional image generated by the two-dimensional image forming device 30 by performing an inverse Fourier transform on the Fourier transform image formed and imaged by the first lens L ₁ . A second lens L ₂ for forming RI is further provided, and a third lens L ₃ is further provided behind the second lens L ₂ (observer side).

In Example 1, the first lens L ₁ , the second lens L ₂ , and the third lens L ₃ are specifically composed of convex lenses.

As described above, the two-dimensional image forming apparatus 30 is disposed on the front focal plane (focal plane on the light source side) of the first lens L ₁ having the focal length f _1, and the rear side of the _first lens L ₁ . A spatial filter SF capable of temporal opening / closing control for spatially and temporally filtering the Fourier transform image is disposed on the focal plane (observer-side focal plane). Then, the number of Fourier transform images corresponding to a plurality of diffraction orders is generated by the first lens L ₁ , and these Fourier transform images are formed on the spatial filter SF. In FIG. 2, for the sake of convenience, 64 Fourier transform images are illustrated as dots, but actually, the Fourier transform images have a rectangular shape. Then, one Fourier transform image is selected from the many Fourier transform images shown in FIG. 2 by passing through the opening 51 that is in an open state corresponding to the planar light emitting member 11.

Here, if the diagonal length of the two-dimensional image forming apparatus 30 is DP _S and the diagonal length of the obtained stereoscopic image is IG _S , these diagonal lengths and the first lens L ₁ the focal length f ₁ of, between the focal length f ₂ of the second lens L _2, when the constant "k", the following relation is established.
IG _S / DP _S = k · f ₂ / f ₁

Therefore, instead of defining the size of the image based on the diffraction at wavelength and the two-dimensional image forming apparatus 30 of the light emitted (illumination light) from the light source 10, the focal length f ₁ and the first lens L ₁ By appropriately selecting the focal length f ₂ of the second lens L ₂ , the size of the image can be defined. Specifically, in Example 1,
f ₁ = 50 mm
f ₂ = 25 mm
It was.

FIG. 6 shows a schematic front view of the light source 10 composed of a plurality of planar light emitting members 11 arranged in a two-dimensional matrix, and FIG. 7 shows a schematic front view of the spatial filter SF formed of a liquid crystal display device. . 6 and 7, numerals (u, v) indicate the position numbers of the planar light emitting member 11 constituting the light source 10 or the opening 51 constituting the spatial filter SF. That is, for example, in the (3, 2) -th opening 51, a desired Fourier transform image (for example, zero-order diffraction) of a two-dimensional image by the (3, 2) -th planar light emitting member 11 is provided. Only the corresponding Fourier transform image) enters and passes through the (3, 2) th opening 51. A Fourier transform image other than the desired Fourier transform image of the two-dimensional image by the (3, 2) th planar light emitting member 11 is blocked by the spatial filter SF. A spatial filter SF is disposed on the front focal plane of the second lens L ₂ having the focal length f ₂ . Furthermore, the back focal plane of the second lens L _2, such that the third front focal plane of the lens L ₃ with a focal length f ₃ matches, the second lens L ₂ and third lens L ₃ is arranged. The second lens L ₂ having the focal length f ₂ performs the inverse Fourier transform on the Fourier transform image filtered by the spatial filter SF, thereby realizing the real image RI of the two-dimensional image formed by the two-dimensional image forming apparatus 30. Form. That is, the second lens L ₂ is disposed so that a real image RI of the two-dimensional image formed by the two-dimensional image forming apparatus 30 is formed on the rear focal plane of the second lens L ₂ . The magnification of the real image RI obtained here with respect to the two-dimensional image forming apparatus 30 can be changed by arbitrarily selecting the focal length f ₂ of the second lens L ₂ . The third lens L ₃ having a focal length f ₃ forms a conjugate image CI of the Fourier transform image filtered by the spatial filter SF.

Here, since the rear focal plane of the third lens L ₃ is a conjugate plane of the spatial filter SF, it is generated by the two-dimensional image forming apparatus 30 from a portion corresponding to one opening 51 on the spatial filter SF. This is equivalent to the output of the two-dimensional image. The amount of light finally generated and output is the number of pixels (P × Q), and is the light that has passed through the spatial filter SF. That is, the amount of light passing through the spatial filter SF is not substantially reduced by passing and reflecting the subsequent components of the three-dimensional image display device. Further, a conjugate image CI of the Fourier transform image is formed on the rear focal plane of the third lens L ₃ , but the direction component of the conjugate image of the two-dimensional image is emitted from the planar light-emitting member 11 and the two-dimensional image. since defined by the direction component of the illumination light entering the forming device 30, in the back focal plane of the third lens L _3, it can be regarded that the light ray groups are arranged in a two dimensional manner orderly. That is, as a whole, there are a plurality of projector units 501 shown in FIG. 32 (specifically, U ₀ ××) on the rear focal plane of the third lens L ₃ (surface on which the conjugate image CI is formed). V ₀ ), which is equivalent to the arranged state.

As schematically shown in FIGS. 5A and 5B, one pixel 31 in the two-dimensional image forming apparatus 30 causes a total of M × N sets of diffracted light along the X and Y directions. Generated. 5A and 5B, the zero-order light (n ₀ = 0), the ± first-order light (n ₀ = ± 1), and the ± second-order light (n ₀ = ± 2). Although only the diffracted light is shown as a representative, actually, higher order (for example, ± 5th order) diffracted light is generated, and a part of these diffracted light (specifically, for example, 0 Based on the next light, a stereoscopic image is finally formed. 5A schematically shows the diffracted light formed by the light beam emitted from the planar light emitting member 11B, and FIG. 5B shows the light beam emitted from the planar light emitting member 11A. The diffracted light formed by is schematically shown. Here, all image information (information of all pixels) of the two-dimensional image formed by the two-dimensional image forming apparatus 30 is collected in the diffracted light (light beam) of each diffraction order. A plurality of light ray groups generated by diffraction from the same pixel on the two-dimensional image forming apparatus 30 all have the same image information at the same time. In other words, in the two-dimensional image forming apparatus 30 composed of a transmissive liquid crystal display device having P × Q pixels 31, the illumination light from the planar light emitting member 11 is modulated by the pixels 31 to generate a two-dimensional image. And the spatial frequency in the generated two-dimensional image is emitted along diffraction angles corresponding to a plurality of diffraction orders (total M × N) generated from each pixel 31. That is, M × N types of copies of the two-dimensional image are emitted from the two-dimensional image forming apparatus 30 along diffraction angles corresponding to a plurality of diffraction orders (total M × N).

Then, the spatial frequency in the two-dimensional image in which all image information of the two-dimensional image formed by the two-dimensional image forming apparatus 30 is aggregated is Fourier-transformed by the first lens L ₁ , and a plurality of diffractions generated from each pixel 31. A number of Fourier transform images corresponding to the order are generated. Then, among these Fourier transform images, only a predetermined Fourier transform image (for example, a Fourier transform image corresponding to the 0th-order diffraction) is passed through the spatial filter SF. Further, the selected Fourier transform image is the first Fourier transform image. Inverse Fourier transform is performed by the _second lens L ₂ , and a real image RI of the two-dimensional image generated by the two-dimensional image forming apparatus 30 is formed. The real image RI of the two-dimensional image is incident on the _third lens L ₃ , A conjugate image CI is formed by the third lens L ₃ . Note that the spatial frequency in the two-dimensional image corresponds to image information in which the spatial frequency of the pixel structure is a carrier frequency, but only in a region of image information having a 0th-order plane wave as a carrier (that is, the maximum spatial frequency of the pixel structure). In other words, it can be obtained as first-order diffraction using the 0th-order diffraction of the plane wave component as the carrier frequency, and the pixel structure (aperture structure) of the two-dimensional image forming apparatus 30 is obtained. A spatial frequency that is less than or equal to half the spatial frequency passes through the spatial filter SF. Thus, in the conjugate image of the two-dimensional image formed by the third lens L ₃ , the pixel structure of the two-dimensional image forming apparatus 30 is not included, while the 2 generated by the two-dimensional image forming apparatus 30. All of the spatial frequencies in the dimensional image are included. Then, in the third lens L ₃ , a spatial frequency Fourier transform image in the conjugate image of the two-dimensional image is generated.

  Hereinafter, the timing of opening / closing control of the opening 51 in the spatial filter SF will be described.

  In the spatial filter SF, in order to select a Fourier transform image corresponding to a desired diffraction order, the opening / closing control of the opening 51 is performed in synchronization with the image output of the two-dimensional image forming apparatus 30. This operation will be described with reference to FIGS. 9, 10, and 11. FIG. 9 shows the image output timing in the two-dimensional image forming apparatus 30, and the middle stage in FIG. 9 shows the opening / closing timing of the (3, 2) -th opening 51 in the spatial filter SF. The lower part of FIG. 9 shows the opening / closing timing of the (3, 3) th opening 51.

As shown in FIG. 9, in the two-dimensional image forming apparatus 30, for example, the image “A” is displayed during time t _{1S to} t _1E (period TM ₁ ), and during time t _{2S to} t _2E (period TM _2). ) Is displayed as an image “B”. At this time, the light source 10 is, in the period TM ₁ is set to the (3,2) th planar light emitting member 11 only emission state, in the period TM ₂ the (3,3) th surface Only the light emitting member 11 is in a light emitting state. In this way, illumination light that is sequentially emitted from each planar light emitting member 11 and has a different incident direction to the two-dimensional image forming apparatus 30 is used, and the illumination light is modulated by each pixel 31. On the other hand, in the spatial filter SF, as shown in FIG. 9, the In the period TM ₁ the (3, 2) th aperture 51, in the period TM ₂ the (3,3) th The opening 51 is opened. In this way, different image information can be added to the Fourier transform image generated as different diffraction orders in the same pixel 31 in the two-dimensional image forming apparatus 30 and generated by the first lens L ₁ . Stated words, In the period TM _1, the (3, 2) th planar light emitting member 11 by a light emitting state, zero order obtained in one pixel 31 in the two-dimensional image forming apparatus 30 The Fourier transform image having the diffraction order includes image information regarding the image “A” and incident direction information of the illumination light on the two-dimensional image forming apparatus 30. On the other hand, in the period TM ₂ , the 0th-order diffraction order obtained in the same certain pixel in the two-dimensional image forming apparatus 30 by bringing the (3, 3) -th planar light emitting member 11 into the light emitting state. Includes the image information related to the image “B” and the incident direction information of the illumination light to the two-dimensional image forming apparatus 30.

FIG. 10 schematically shows the timing of image formation and the timing of controlling the opening 51 in the two-dimensional image forming apparatus 30. In the period TM ₁ , the image “A” is displayed in the two-dimensional image forming apparatus 30, and M × N Fourier transform images pass through the corresponding (3, 2) -th opening 51 of the spatial filter SF. Focused as a Fourier transform image “α” as the center. In the period TM ₁ , since only the (3, 2) th opening 51 is opened, only the Fourier transform image “α” having the 0th diffraction order passes through the spatial filter SF. In the next period TM ₂ , the image “B” is displayed in the two-dimensional image forming apparatus 30, and similarly, the M × N Fourier transform images correspond to the (3, 3) th corresponding to the spatial filter SF. The light is collected as a Fourier transform image “β” around the opening 51. In the period TM ₂ , since only the (3, 3) th opening 51 is opened, only the Fourier transform image “β” having the 0th-order diffraction order passes through the spatial filter SF. Thereafter, the opening / closing control of the opening 51 in the spatial filter SF is sequentially performed in synchronization with the image forming timing of the two-dimensional image forming apparatus 30. In FIG. 10, the opening 51 in the open state is surrounded by a solid line, and the opening 51 in the closed state is surrounded by a dotted line. Further, the Fourier transform images “α”, “β”, and “γ” that pass through the opening 51 in the open state are bright because they are images obtained based on the zeroth diffraction order. On the other hand, the Fourier transform images “α”, “β”, and “γ” that collide with the portion of the opening 51 in the closed state are dark because they are images obtained based on the higher-order diffraction orders. Therefore, in some cases, the spatial filter SF is not necessary. When the space occupied by the spatial filter SF is viewed for a certain length of time, U ₀ × V ₀ rectangular images (Fourier transform images) are arranged in a two-dimensional matrix (the state shown in FIG. 2). A similar situation) will be seen.

When the image formation in the two-dimensional image forming apparatus 30 and the opening / closing control of the opening 51 are performed at such timing, an image obtained as the final output of the three-dimensional image display apparatus is schematically shown in FIG. . In FIG. 11, since the image “A ′” opens only the (3, 2) th opening 51, the 0th order when the (3,2) th planar light emitting member 11 is in the light emitting state. Only the Fourier transform image “α” having the diffraction order is an image obtained as a result of passing through the spatial filter SF, and the image “B ′” opens only the (3, 3) -th opening 51, so 3, 3) Only the Fourier transform image “β” having the zeroth diffraction order when the planar light emitting member 11 is in the light emitting state is an image obtained as a result of passing through the spatial filter SF, and the image “C ′ ”Opens only the (4,2) -th opening 51, so that a Fourier transform image“ 0th-order diffraction order when the (4,2) -th planar light-emitting member 11 is in a light-emitting state “ Only “γ” is an image obtained as a result of passing through the spatial filter SF. Note that the image shown in FIG. 11 is an image viewed by an observer. In FIG. 11, for convenience, the image and the image are divided by solid lines, but the solid lines are virtual solid lines. In addition, to be exact, the image shown in FIG. 11 is not obtained at the same time, but since the image switching period is very short, it is observed as if it is simultaneously displayed to the eyes of the observer. The For example, (U ₀ × V ₀ ) images are selected based on illumination light sequentially emitted from all the planar light emitting members 11 within a display period of one frame. Although it is illustrated in a plan view in FIG. 11, it is a stereoscopic image that is actually observed by the observer.

That is, as described above, from the rear focal plane of the third lens L ₃ (for example, image “A ′”, image “B ′”... Image “C ′” in time series). Is output. That is, as a whole, the projector unit shown in FIG. 32 is provided on the rear focal plane of the third lens L _{3 by} the number of the plurality of planar light emitting members 11 (specifically, U ₀ × V ₀ ). The image “A ′” is output from one projector unit, the image “B ′” is output from another projector unit, and the image “C” is output from another projector unit in time series. Equivalent if '"is output. For example, if the image is reproduced in time series in the two-dimensional image forming apparatus 30 based on data of a large number of images (or images created by a computer) obtained by photographing a certain object from various positions (angles). A stereoscopic image can be obtained based on these images.

  The opening / closing control of the openings 51 provided in the spatial filter SF may not be performed for all the openings 51. That is, for example, the opening / closing control of every other opening 51 may be performed, or the opening / closing control of only the opening 51 located at a desired position may be performed.

For example, it is assumed that a _second lens L ₂ having a focal length f ₂ of 50 mm and an F number of 1.4 is used. Here, the diagonal length DP _S of the two-dimensional image forming apparatus 30 is 22.4 mm. At this time, the angle of view is 24.6 degrees. The maximum image size is 35.7 mm, which is the size of the lens aperture. On the other hand, when the second lens L ₂ having a focal length f ₂ of 20 mm and an F number of 1.4 is used, the angle of view is 58.5 degrees. The maximum image size is 14.3 mm which is the size of the lens aperture. As described above, when a lens with a short focal length is used, it is necessary to increase the diameter of the lens. However, when a lens with a large diameter is used, image distortion caused by aberration becomes a serious problem. In the first embodiment, such a problem is addressed by including a two-dimensional image data transmission unit.

  In the three-dimensional image display apparatus according to the first embodiment or the second to seventh embodiments described later, the operation of the two-dimensional image forming apparatus is controlled by a two-dimensional image data sending means (specifically, not shown). Consisting of a personal computer). That is, aberrations (for example, spherical aberration, coma aberration, astigmatism, field curvature, distortion, etc.) caused by an optical system constituting the three-dimensional image display device are recorded on a recording means (for example, a hard disk) provided in the personal computer. Two-dimensional image data corrected for Seidel's five aberrations) is recorded. Alternatively, an operator for correcting the aberration caused by the optical system constituting the three-dimensional image display device using the value of (u, v) or the like as a parameter is recorded in a recording means provided in the personal computer. .

The two-dimensional image data sending means performs the following processing. That is, a three-dimensional image (stereoscopic image) having no aberration ideally reproduced based on the two-dimensional image data Data (A) corresponding to the video signal before aberration correction is “A”, and actually the two-dimensional image data Data. The three-dimensional image (stereoscopic image) when reproduced based on (A) is defined as “a” (various aberrations are included). Examples of the two-dimensional image data Data (A) include, but are not limited to, test patterns. At this time, the original two-dimensional image data Data (A) is corrected based on, for example, simulation so that the three-dimensional image (stereoscopic image) when actually reproduced becomes “A”, or trial Correct by mistake. That is, for example, the original two-dimensional image data Data (A) is corrected so that the test pattern becomes a predetermined image. More specifically, for example, an image of a test pattern is emitted from the two-dimensional image forming apparatus 30. Then, a reproduced three-dimensional image (stereoscopic image) obtained by opening the (0,0) -th opening 51 which is an image having the least aberration, and a predetermined (u, v) -th opening 51. The reproduced three-dimensional image (stereoscopic image) obtained by opening the image is compared by performing image processing, so that no difference occurs between these two reproduced three-dimensional images, or the difference is reduced. For example, by repeating the operation of correcting the test pattern data by, for example, an operator, for example, obtaining a kind of operator using the values of (P, Q) and (u, v) as parameters. Can do. Thus, the two-dimensional image data obtained by finally correcting the original two-dimensional image data Data (A) so that the three-dimensional image (stereoscopic image) when actually reproduced becomes “A”. When Data (A ′) is determined, if the value of (u, v) is determined, the original two-dimensional image data Data (A) before aberration correction and the finally corrected two-dimensional image data Data (A ') To get a certain relationship (a kind of operator). In other words, a certain relationship (operator) is obtained and determined. Then, the original two-dimensional image data before aberration correction (corresponding to a video signal) is corrected for aberrations based on the relationship, ie, the aberration generated by the optical system constituting the three-dimensional image display device is corrected. 2D image data) is recorded in the recording means, and a 3D image (stereoscopic image) is reproduced by the 2D image data after the aberration correction. Alternatively, aberration correction is performed on the two-dimensional image data Data (A) corresponding to a video signal sent from the outside to the three-dimensional image display device based on the operator in real time, and the two-dimensional image subjected to the aberration correction is corrected. Based on the image data Data (A ′), a three-dimensional image (stereoscopic image) is reproduced in the three-dimensional image display device. Thus, an optical system constituting the three-dimensional image display device (for example, the light source 10, the two-dimensional image forming device 30, the first lens L ₁ , the spatial filter SF, the second lens L ₂ , and the third lens L ₃ ). Since the two-dimensional image is generated in the two-dimensional image forming apparatus 30 based on the two-dimensional image data in which the aberration caused by the above is corrected in advance, it is possible to display a three-dimensional image (stereoscopic image) having no aberration or little aberration. it can. Further, if the three-dimensional image display device is driven, for example, by field sequential driving, not only Seidel's five aberrations but also chromatic aberrations can be corrected.

  As described above, in the 3D image display apparatus according to Embodiment 1, the operation of the 2D image forming apparatus is controlled by a personal computer (not shown). In addition to the components described in the first embodiment, the three-dimensional image display apparatus according to the first embodiment includes a computer (two-dimensional image data sending unit) including a recording unit (for example, a hard disk) as described above. Yes. The recording means records two-dimensional image data in which aberrations (for example, Seidel's five aberrations and chromatic aberration) generated by the optical system constituting the three-dimensional image display device are corrected. Alternatively, an operator for correcting aberrations caused by the optical system constituting the three-dimensional image display device using the value of (u, v) or the like as a parameter is recorded. Then, the computer controls the generation of the two-dimensional image in the two-dimensional image forming apparatus. Note that the Fourier transform image selection means (specifically, a spatial filter) is arranged on a so-called pupil plane in the optical system. Therefore, the pupil plane is divided by the operation of the spatial filter having the opening that can be controlled to open and close, which selects the Fourier transform image corresponding to the desired diffraction order, which is equivalent to the reduction of the pupil. Therefore, a two-dimensional image is generated and divided by dividing the pupil plane of the optical system, generating a two-dimensional image in the two-dimensional image forming apparatus, and controlling the divided pupil plane in time series. A desired image can be obtained by dynamic image output synchronized with time-series control of the pupil plane.

Further, according to the three-dimensional image display device 1 of Example 1, the predetermined planar light emitting member 11 emits light, while the desired opening 51 in the spatial filter SF is opened. Accordingly, the spatial frequency in the two-dimensional image generated by the two-dimensional image forming apparatus 30 is emitted along diffraction angles corresponding to a plurality of diffraction orders, and is obtained by Fourier transform by the first lens L ₁ . The Fourier transform image is spatially and temporally filtered by the spatial filter SF, and a conjugate image CI of the filtered Fourier transform image is formed. It is possible to generate and scatter light groups in a spatially high density and distributed in a plurality of directions. Individual light rays that are components of the light group can be independently and temporally controlled. As a result, it is possible to obtain a three-dimensional image with light rays that are close to the same quality as real-world objects. Moreover, the light (illumination light) is not a point-like, because it is emitted from the light source 10 at a planar (planar light emitting member 11), an image is formed behind the first lens L _1, a bright bright spot In other words, it does not look like a floating state in a two-dimensional matrix arrangement, but is observed as a flat image in which rectangular areas are connected, so that the observer's line of sight is transformed into this flat image. Therefore, there is little problem that the stereoscopic image is difficult to see.

Further, according to the three-dimensional image display device 1 of the first embodiment, since the light beam reproduction method is used, it is possible to provide a stereoscopic image that satisfies visual functions such as focus adjustment, convergence, and motion parallax. . Furthermore, according to the three-dimensional image display apparatus 1 of the first embodiment, the illumination light having different incident directions to the two-dimensional image forming apparatus 30 is efficiently used depending on the plurality of planar light emitting members 11. Therefore, as compared with the conventional image output method, the number of light beams that can be controlled by one image output device (two-dimensional image forming apparatus 30) is the same as the number of planar light emitting members 11 (that is, U ₀ × V ₀ ). Obtainable. Moreover, according to the three-dimensional image display device 1 of the first embodiment, spatial and temporal filtering is performed, so that the temporal characteristics of the three-dimensional image display device are changed to the spatial characteristics of the three-dimensional image display device. Can be converted. In addition, a stereoscopic image can be obtained without using a diffusion screen or the like. Furthermore, it is possible to provide an appropriate stereoscopic image for observation from any direction. In addition, since a group of light beams can be generated and scattered at a high spatial density, a fine spatial image close to the visual recognition limit can be provided.

  Note that the two-dimensional image data sending means and the image display method in the second to seventh embodiments described later are substantially the same as the two-dimensional image data sending means and the image display method described in the first embodiment. Detailed description will be omitted, and only the three-dimensional image display device in each aspect of the present invention will be described below.

  The second embodiment is a modification of the first embodiment. The conceptual diagram of the three-dimensional image display apparatus of Example 2 is shown in FIG.12 and FIG.13. In the three-dimensional image display apparatus of Example 1, the light transmission type two-dimensional image forming apparatus 30 was used. On the other hand, in the three-dimensional image display apparatus according to the second embodiment, a reflective two-dimensional image forming apparatus 30A is used. An example of the reflective two-dimensional image forming apparatus 30A is a reflective liquid crystal display device.

  In the three-dimensional image display apparatus according to Embodiment 2 shown in FIG. 12, a beam splitter 70 is provided on the z-axis (optical axis). The beam splitter 70 has a function of transmitting or reflecting light depending on the difference in polarization components. The beam splitter 70 reflects, for example, S-polarized component light of the illumination light emitted from the planar light emitting member 11 toward the reflective two-dimensional image forming apparatus 30A, and transmits P-polarized component light. . Further, the modulated reflected light from the two-dimensional image forming apparatus 30A is transmitted. On the other hand, in the three-dimensional image display apparatus according to the second embodiment shown in FIG. 13, the beam splitter 70 transmits, for example, light having a P-polarized component in the illumination light emitted from the planar light emitting member 11. Then, the light is emitted toward the reflection type two-dimensional image forming apparatus 30A, and the light of the S polarization component is reflected. Further, the reflected reflected light from the two-dimensional image forming apparatus 30A is reflected. Except for these points, the configuration and structure of the three-dimensional image display apparatus according to the second embodiment can be the same as the configuration and structure of the three-dimensional image display apparatus according to the first embodiment.

  As a reflection type two-dimensional image forming apparatus, a configuration in which movable mirrors are provided in each opening (configuration composed of a two-dimensional type MEMS in which movable mirrors are arranged in a two-dimensional matrix) is adopted instead. In this case, a two-dimensional image is generated by moving / non-moving the movable mirror, and the Fraunhofer diffraction is generated by the opening. When a two-dimensional MEMS is employed, a beam splitter is not necessary, and illumination light may be incident on the two-dimensional MEMS from an oblique direction.

  The third embodiment is also a modification of the first embodiment, and includes a light detection means 80 for measuring the light intensity of light (illumination light) sequentially emitted from each planar light emitting member 11. Specifically, in the third embodiment, the light detection means 80 is formed of a photodiode. As shown in a conceptual diagram in the yz plane of the three-dimensional image display device of the third embodiment, FIG. A partial reflection mirror (partial reflector) 81 is arranged between the image forming apparatus 30, more specifically between the collimator lens 12 and the two-dimensional image forming apparatus 30, and the planar light emitting members 11 to 2 are arranged. A part of the light incident on the three-dimensional image forming apparatus 30 is taken out and made incident on the light detection means 80 via the lens 83.

Alternatively, as shown in a conceptual diagram in FIG. 15, a partial reflection mirror 82 is disposed behind the spatial filter SF (Fourier transform image selection means), more specifically, behind the second lens L _2. A part of the light emitted from the spatial filter SF is taken out and made incident on the light detection means 80 through a lens (not shown).

  And based on the measurement result of the light intensity in a light detection means, the light emission state of the planar light emitting member 11 is controlled. Specifically, as shown in a conceptual diagram in FIG. 16, the operations of the two-dimensional image forming apparatus 30, the planar light emitting member 11, and the spatial filter SF are controlled by the control circuit 90. More specifically, the control circuit 90 includes a light source control circuit 93 that performs on / off control of the light emitting diode 116 that constitutes the planar light emitting member 11 based on a pulse width modulation (PWM) control method, and two-dimensional image formation. The device driving circuit 91 is configured. The light source control circuit 93 includes a light emitting element drive circuit 94 and a light detection means control circuit 95. The control circuit 90 can be a known circuit.

  The light emitting state of the light emitting diode 116 in the planar light emitting member 11 is measured by the light detecting means 80 made of a photodiode, and the output from the light detecting means 80 is input to the light detecting means control circuit 95, and the light detecting means control circuit 95 The data (signal) as, for example, luminance and chromaticity of the light emitting diode 116 in the planar light emitting member 11 is sent to the light source control circuit 93 and compared with the reference data. Based on the result, the next light emission is performed. A feedback mechanism is formed in which the light emitting state of the light emitting diode 116 in the same planar light emitting member 11 is controlled by the light emitting element driving circuit 94 under the control of the light source control circuit 93. The on / off control of the current flowing through the light emitting diode 116 is performed based on a switching element (for example, a switching element made of FET) 97 controlled by the light emitting element driving circuit 94. Further, a current detecting resistor r is inserted in series with the light emitting diode 116 downstream of the light emitting diode 116 constituting the planar light emitting member 11, and the current flowing through the resistor r is converted into a voltage, and the resistance The operation of the light emitting element driving power source 96 is controlled under the control of the light source control circuit 93 so that the voltage drop in the body becomes a predetermined value.

  Alternatively, the operating state of the two-dimensional image forming apparatus 30 is controlled based on the measurement result of the light intensity in the light detection means. Specifically, the light emitting state of the light emitting diode 116 constituting the planar light emitting member 11 is measured by the light detecting means 80 formed of a photodiode, and the output from the light detecting means 80 is input to the light detecting means control circuit 95, In the light detection means control circuit 95, for example, data (signal) as the luminance and chromaticity of the light emitting diode 116 in the planar light emitting member 11 is sent to the light source control circuit 93 and compared with the reference data, The result is sent to the two-dimensional image forming apparatus drive circuit 91. Based on the result, a feedback mechanism is formed in which the aperture ratio (light transmittance) at the aperture of the pixel 31 is controlled at the next light emission of the same planar light emitting member 11. Note that the control of the light emission state of the planar light emitting member 11 and the control of the operation state of the two-dimensional image forming apparatus 30 may be performed together. Further, based on the measurement result of the light intensity in the light detection means 80, the operating state of the spatial filter SF is controlled. By controlling the aperture ratio (light transmittance) at the opening 51 of the spatial filter SF, the luminance can be corrected.

  An example in which the light detection means 80 is incorporated in the three-dimensional image display apparatus described with reference to FIGS. 12 and 13 in the second embodiment, that is, the beam splitter 70 is provided between the light source 10 and the two-dimensional image forming apparatus 30. A three-dimensional image display device that is arranged and takes out part of the light incident on the two-dimensional image forming apparatus 30 from the planar light emitting member 11 and enters the light detection means 80 via a lens (not shown). It shows in FIG.17 and FIG.18.

  An example in which the light detection means 80 is attached to the two-dimensional image forming apparatus 30 is shown in FIG. Incidentally, the light detecting means 80 may be arranged in the vicinity of each of the planar light emitting members 11 shown in FIG. 6, or the light detecting means may be incorporated in the planar light emitting member 11, or from the light source 10. You may arrange | position a photon detection means in the position which does not block the light which injects into the two-dimensional image forming apparatus 30. FIG.

  Example 4 or Example 5 to Example 7 described later are modifications of Example 1 to Example 3, and specifically, relate to a modification of the planar light emitting member used.

In Example 4, as shown in the schematic cross-sectional view of FIG. 20A or FIG.
(A) a rod integrator 211 that emits light from one end surface 212;
(B) a light emitting diode 216 disposed on the other end surface 213 of the rod integrator 211;
(C) a reflective polarizing member 231 that is disposed on one end surface 212 of the rod integrator 211 and transmits a part of the incident light according to the polarization state and reflects the rest, and
(D) a light reflecting member 221 provided in a portion that does not block the light emitted from the light emitting diode 216 on the other end surface 213 of the rod integrator 211;
It is composed of

  Here, the configuration and structure of the rod integrator 211 and the light-emitting diode 216 can be the same as the configuration and structure of the rod integrator 111 and the light-emitting diode 116 in the first embodiment, and a detailed description thereof will be omitted. In the example shown in FIG. 20A or FIG. 21A described later, the rod integrator 211 is made of a solid member, and FIG. 20B or FIG. In the example illustrated in (1), the rod integrator 211 is made of a hollow member. Reference numeral 215 indicates a light reflecting layer made of an aluminum layer formed by vacuum deposition on the outer surface of the hollow member or the outer surface of the solid member.

  The reflective polarizing member 231 has a structure in which, for example, an aluminum rib is formed on the surface of a base material made of a transparent material with a width of several tens of nanometers and a pitch of several hundreds of nanometers. It has a laminated film structure in which a plurality of layers having different rates are stacked. The arrangement of the reflective polarizing member 231 on the one end face 212 of the rod integrator 211 can be achieved by bonding such a base material, or by directly forming a laminated film structure. Can be achieved. The light reflecting member 221 can be obtained by vacuum-depositing an aluminum layer on a substrate made of resin or the like. Further, the light reflecting member 221 can be arranged on the other end surface 213 of the rod integrator 211 by adhering a base material.

  In the planar light emitting member 11D according to the fourth embodiment, the light emitted from the light emitting diode 216 and having a random polarization state enters the rod integrator 211. The P-polarized component of the light propagating through the rod integrator 211 and colliding with the reflective polarizing member 231 passes through the reflective polarizing member 231 and is emitted from the rod integrator 211. On the other hand, the S-polarized component is reflected by the reflective polarizing member 231, propagates in the rod integrator 211, collides with the light reflecting member 221, is reflected, further propagates in the rod integrator 211, and is reflected by the reflective polarizing member. 231 again. The light at this time generates a P-polarized component by reflection in the rod integrator 211, and the generated P-polarized component passes through the reflective polarizing member 231 and is emitted from the rod integrator 211.

  A polarization state of light propagating through such a rod integrator 211 is schematically shown in FIG. Here, the light indicated by the state [A] is light emitted from the light emitting diode 216, colliding with the reflective polarizing member 231, and reflected by the reflective polarizing member 231. The light indicated by the state [B] is light reflected by the reflective polarizing member 231, propagated through the rod integrator 211, and reflected by the light reflecting member 221. Furthermore, the light indicated by the state [C] is light immediately before being reflected by the light reflecting member 221, propagating through the rod integrator 211, and colliding with the reflective polarizing member 231. In FIG. 20C or FIG. 21C described later, the X-axis indicates the P-polarized light component and the Y-axis indicates the S-polarized light component.

  The state as described above is repeated during the light emission of the light emitting diode 216. As a result, the light emitted from the light emitting diode 216 is efficiently emitted from the rod integrator 211.

  Note that, as illustrated in FIGS. 22A and 22B, a light diffusion member 232 made of a PET film may be bonded onto the reflective polarizing member 231. Further, a light diffusing layer may be provided between the light reflecting member 221 and the other end surface 213 similarly to the light diffusing layer 114 of the first embodiment.

  The fifth embodiment is a modification of the fourth embodiment. In each planar light emitting member 11E of Example 5, typical sectional views are shown in FIGS. 21A and 21B between the other end surface 213 of the rod integrator 211 and the light reflecting member 221. A quarter-wave plate 222 is arranged.

  In the planar light emitting member 11 </ b> E according to the fifth embodiment, light having a random polarization state emitted from the light emitting diode 216 enters the rod integrator 211. Of the light colliding with the reflective polarizing member 231, the P-polarized component passes through the reflective polarizing member 231 and is emitted from the rod integrator 211. On the other hand, the S-polarized component is reflected by the reflective polarizing member 231, propagates through the rod integrator 211, passes through the quarter-wave plate 222, collides with the light reflecting member 221, is reflected, and is divided into quarters. The light passes again through the single wavelength plate 222, further propagates through the rod integrator 211, and collides with the reflective polarizing member 231 again. At this time, a P-polarized component is generated by the light passing through the quarter-wave plate 222 and reflection in the rod integrator 211, and the generated P-polarized component passes through the reflective polarizing member 231. Emitted from the rod integrator 211.

  FIG. 21C schematically shows the polarization state of light propagating through the rod integrator 211 in such a state. Here, the light indicated by the state [A] is light emitted from the light emitting diode 216, colliding with the reflective polarizing member 231, and reflected by the reflective polarizing member 231. In addition, the light shown in the state [B] is the light immediately before being reflected by the reflective polarizing member 231, propagating through the rod integrator 211, and entering the quarter-wave plate 222. The light indicated by [C] is light that is incident on the quarter-wave plate 222, reflected by the light reflecting member 221, and emitted from the quarter-wave plate 222. Further, the light indicated by the state [D] is light immediately before being emitted from the quarter-wave plate 222, propagating through the rod integrator 211, and colliding with the reflective polarizing member 231. The polarization state of the light incident on the quarter-wave plate 222, reflected by the light reflecting member 221 and emitted from the quarter-wave plate 222 is the light just before entering the quarter-wave plate 222. It is different from the polarization state.

  The state as described above is repeated during the light emission of the light emitting diode 216. As a result, the light emitted from the light emitting diode 216 is emitted from the rod integrator 211 more efficiently than in the fourth embodiment. As shown in FIGS. 22C and 22D, a light diffusing member 232 may be provided on the reflective polarizing member 231 as in the fourth embodiment. Further, a light diffusing layer may be provided between the light reflecting member 221 and the quarter-wave plate 222 in the same manner as the light diffusing layer 114 of the first embodiment, or alternatively, the quarter-wave plate 222 is provided. Like the light diffusion layer 114 of Example 1, a light diffusion layer may be provided between the first end surface 213 and the other end surface 213. There may be a gap between the other end surface 213 of the rod integrator 211 and the quarter-wave plate 222, and there is a gap between the quarter-wave plate 222 and the light reflecting member 221. May be. Furthermore, a gap may exist between the reflective polarizing member 231 and the light diffusing member 232.

In Example 6, as shown in a schematic cross-sectional view in FIG.
(A) a PS polarization separation / conversion element 300 including a first prism 310, a second prism 320, and a polarization beam splitter 330, and
(B) light emitting diode 316,
Consists of. The configuration and structure of the light emitting diode 316 can be the same as the configuration and structure of the light emitting diode 116 in the first embodiment, and thus detailed description thereof is omitted.

  The first prism 310 and the second prism 320 made of optical glass are arranged to face each other with the polarization separation surface of the polarization beam splitter 330 interposed therebetween. In addition, the first prism 310 includes a first light reflecting member 311 and a second light reflecting member 312 provided in a portion that does not block the light emitted from the light emitting diode 316. Here, the S-polarized light component of the light emitted from the light emitting diode 316 and incident on the first prism 310 is reflected by the polarizing beam splitter 330 (indicated by a black arrow in FIG. 23A), the second Reflected by the light reflecting member 312 (indicated by a hatched arrow in FIG. 23A) and reflected again by the polarizing beam splitter 330 (in FIG. 23A, by a hatched arrow) Further, it is reflected by the first light reflecting member 311. Then, the P-polarized component of the light emitted from the light emitting diode 316 and incident on the first prism 310 and the P-polarized component of the light reflected by the first light reflecting member 311 pass through the polarization beam splitter 330 (these components). (Indicated by a white arrow in FIG. 23A), the light is emitted from the emission surface 320A of the second prism 320.

  The first prism 310 is composed of, for example, a triangular prism having a first slope 310A, a second slope 310B, and a bottom face 310C. The second prism 320 is also composed of a triangular prism having a first slope 320A, a second slope 320B, and a bottom face 320C. The bottom surface 310C of the first prism 310 and the bottom surface 320C of the second prism 320 are disposed to face each other with the polarization separation surface of the polarization beam splitter 330 interposed therebetween. A first light reflecting member 311 is disposed on the first slope 310 </ b> A of the first prism 310. A second light reflecting member 312 is disposed on the second slope 310 </ b> B of the first prism 310. Then, the S-polarized component of the light incident from the first slope 310A of the first prism 310 is reflected by the polarization beam splitter 330 toward the second slope 310B of the first prism 310. On the other hand, the P-polarized component passes through the polarization beam splitter 330 and is efficiently emitted from the first inclined surface 320 </ b> A of the second prism 320.

  As shown in FIG. 23B, a quarter-wave plate 313 may be disposed between the first slope 310 </ b> A of the first prism 310 and the first light reflecting member 311. In some cases, the second prism 320 may be omitted. In the sixth embodiment, a gap may exist between the first prism 310 and the light reflecting members 311 and 312. Further, a gap may exist between the first light reflecting member 311 and the quarter-wave plate 313, or a gap may exist between the first prism 310 and the quarter-wave plate 313. It may be.

In Example 7, as shown in the schematic cross-sectional view of FIG.
(A) a plate-like member 411 made of an optical glass plate and emitting light from one end surface 412;
(B) a light emitting diode 416 disposed on the other end surface 413 of the plate-like member 411;
(C) A reflective polarizing member 431 that is disposed on one end surface 412 of the plate-like member 411 and transmits a part of incident light according to the polarization state and reflects the rest.
(D) a light reflecting member 421 provided in a portion that does not block the light emitted from the light emitting diode 416 on the other end surface 413 of the plate-like member 411;
(E) a quarter-wave plate 422 disposed between the other end surface 413 of the plate-like member 411 and the light reflecting member 421, and
(F) a light diffusing member 432 provided on the reflective polarizing member 431;
Consists of.

  The components of the planar light emitting member 11G such as the light emitting diode 416, the reflective polarizing member 431, the light reflecting member 421, the quarter wave plate 422, the light diffusing member 432, and the light reflecting layer 415 are the surfaces described in the fourth embodiment. Since it can be made the same as each component of 11-shaped light emitting member 11D, detailed description is abbreviate | omitted. The behavior of the light emitted from the light emitting diode 416 and incident on the plate member 411 is substantially the same as the behavior of the light in the planar light emitting member 11E of Example 5 described with reference to FIG. Is the same. A light diffusing layer may be provided between the light reflecting member 421 and the quarter-wave plate 422 in the same manner as the light diffusing layer 114 of the first embodiment. Alternatively, the quarter-wave plate 422 and others may be provided. A light diffusing layer may be provided between the end surface 413 and the light diffusing layer 114 of the first embodiment. There may be a gap between the other end surface 413 of the plate-like member 411 and the quarter-wave plate 422, or there is a gap between the quarter-wave plate 422 and the light reflecting member 421. It may be. Furthermore, a gap may exist between the reflective polarizing member 431 and the light diffusing member 432.

  Although the three-dimensional image display device of the present invention has been described based on the preferred embodiments, the present invention is not limited to these embodiments. In the embodiment, the collimator lens 12 is disposed between the light source 10 and the two-dimensional image forming apparatuses 30 and 30A. Instead, a microlens array in which microlenses are arranged in a two-dimensional matrix may be used. it can.

The light source 10 includes a plurality of planar light emitting members 11 arranged in a two-dimensional matrix, and the planar light emitting members 11 are arranged so that the emission directions of the light emitted from the planar light emitting members 11 are different. Also good. Accordingly, the two-dimensional image forming apparatus can be illuminated with illumination light sequentially emitted from different light emission positions of the light source and having different incident directions. FIG. 25 shows a conceptual diagram of the three-dimensional image display device when the light source having such a configuration is adopted in the three-dimensional image display device of the first embodiment. In FIG. 25, one of the light beams emitted from the planar light emitting member 11A constituting the light source 10 is indicated by a solid line, and one of the light beams emitted from the planar light emitting member 11B is indicated by a one-dot chain line. One of the light beams emitted from the member 11C is indicated by a dotted line. In addition, the positions of the images in the spatial filter SF formed by the illumination light emitted from the planar light emitting members 11A, 11B, and 11C are indicated by reference numerals (11A), (11B), and (11C), respectively, and the planar light emission is performed. The positions of the images on the rear focal plane of the third lens L ₃ formed by the illumination light emitted from the members 11A, 11B, and 11C are denoted by reference numerals (11a), (11b), and (11c), respectively. Further, it is a conceptual diagram in which the vicinity of the two-dimensional image forming apparatus 30, the first lens L ₁ , and the spatial filter SF is enlarged, and light beams emitted from the planar light emitting members 11A, 11B, and 11C constituting the light source 10 are shown. A state of passing through the two-dimensional image forming apparatus 30, the first lens L ₁ , and the spatial filter SF is schematically shown in FIG. 26, FIG. 27, and FIG. The position numbers of the planar light emitting members 11A, 11B, and 11C constituting the light source 10 are, for example, the (5,0) th, (0,0) th, and (-5,0) th. is there. Here, when a certain planar light emitting member 11 is in a light emitting state, all the other planar light emitting members 11 are in a light-off state. In FIG. 25, reference numeral 20 is an illumination optical system composed of a lens for shaping illumination light.

Further, instead of the spatial filter SF, the second configuration has a scattering diffraction limiting member that has U ₀ × V ₀ openings and is located on the rear focal plane of the first lens L ₁ . A three-dimensional image display device can also be provided. This scattering diffraction limiting member can be produced, for example, by providing an opening (for example, a pinhole) in a plate-like member that does not transmit light. Here, the position of the opening is formed by a desired Fourier transform image (or diffracted light) (for example, having a 0th diffraction order) in the Fourier transform image (or diffracted light) obtained by the first lens. What is necessary is just to set it as the position to image, and the position of the opening part should just respond | correspond to the some planar light emitting member 11. FIG.

In the first and second embodiments, the two-dimensional image forming apparatuses 30 and 30A and the diffracted light generating unit are arranged on the front focal plane of the first lens L ₁ (Fourier transform image forming unit), and the rear focal point. Although the Fourier transform image selection means is arranged on the surface, in some cases, the resulting stereoscopic image may deteriorate, but if such deterioration is allowed, the first lens L ₁ The two-dimensional image forming apparatuses 30 and 30A and the diffracted light generating means may be arranged at a position shifted from the front focal plane, or the Fourier transform image selecting means may be arranged at a position displaced from the rear focal plane. In some cases, the first lens L ₁ , the second lens L ₂ , and the third lens L ₃ are not limited to convex lenses, and appropriate lenses may be selected as appropriate.

  In the first and second embodiments, it is assumed that the light source is a single color or a light source close to a single color in all cases, but the light source is not limited to such a configuration. The wavelength band of the light source 10 may extend to a plurality of bands. However, in this case, for example, taking the three-dimensional image display apparatus in the first embodiment as an example, as shown in FIG. 29A, between the collimator lens 12 and the two-dimensional image forming apparatus 30, It is preferable to arrange a narrow band filter 71 that performs wavelength selection, whereby the wavelength band can be sorted and selected, and monochromatic light can be extracted.

  Alternatively, the wavelength band of the light source 10 may extend over a wide band. However, in this case, as shown in FIG. 29B, a dichroic prism 72 and a narrow band filter 71G for wavelength selection may be disposed between the collimator lens 12 and the two-dimensional image forming apparatus 30. preferable. Specifically, the dichroic prism 72 reflects, for example, red light and blue light in different directions and transmits light including green light. A narrow band filter 71G for separating and selecting the green light is disposed on the light emission side including the green light in the dichroic prism 72.

  Further, as shown in FIG. 30, a narrow band filter 71G for separating and selecting green light is arranged on the emission side of the light beam including green light in the dichroic prism 72, and the red light is separated on the emission side of the light beam including red light. If the narrow band filter 71R to be selected is arranged, and the narrow band filter 71B for separating and selecting the blue light is arranged on the light emission side including the blue light, the three-dimensional image display device for displaying the three primary colors can be obtained. A light source can be configured. Three three-dimensional image display devices having such a configuration are used. Alternatively, a light source that emits red light and a three-dimensional image display device, a light source that emits green light, a three-dimensional image display device, and blue light are emitted. By using a combination of a light source and a three-dimensional image display device and synthesizing images from the respective three-dimensional image display devices using, for example, a light combining prism, color display can be performed. A dichroic mirror can be used instead of the dichroic prism. Alternatively, the light source is composed of a red surface light emitting member, a green surface light emitting member, and a blue surface light emitting member, and these red surface light emitting member, green surface light emitting member, and blue surface light emitting member. By sequentially setting the light emission state, it is possible to perform color display. Needless to say, the above-described modifications of the three-dimensional image display apparatus can be applied to various embodiments.

  Furthermore, the light detection means described in the third embodiment can be provided for the modified examples of the various three-dimensional image display apparatuses described above. In addition, the temperature of the light emitting diode constituting the planar light emitting member is monitored by a temperature sensor, and the result is fed back to the light source control circuit 93 so that the brightness compensation (correction) of the light emitting diode constituting the planar light emitting member is performed. Temperature control may be performed. Specifically, for example, the temperature of the light emitting diode can be controlled by attaching a Peltier element to the light emitting diode constituting the planar light emitting member.

  Further, in the planar light emitting member 11G described in the seventh embodiment, as shown in FIG. 24B, the plate member 411 can be shared by the plurality of planar light emitting members 11G. In this case, a light absorption layer may be provided on the exposed surfaces 411A and 411B of the plate-like member 411. Further, in order to control the polarization state of the light emitted from the planar light emitting members 11D, 11E, 11F, and 11G described in the fourth to seventh embodiments, the light emitted from the planar light emitting member passes through the four. For example, the half-wave plate may be disposed between the planar light emitting member and the two-dimensional image forming apparatus 30. Furthermore, the planar light emitting members 11D, 11E, 11F, and 11G described in Examples 4 to 7 are not only used as the planar light emitting members in the three-dimensional image display device of the present invention, but also as other light sources. Can be used. Specifically, for example, a light source for a planar light source device (backlight) of a transmissive or reflective liquid crystal display device, a light source for a color display direct view type or projection type liquid crystal display device can be exemplified. Furthermore, examples of the light source include a discharge lamp and a fluorescent tube. When used as another light source, not only one light emitting element but also two or more light emitting elements may be disposed on one planar light emitting member. Further, for example, instead of the rod integrator shown in FIG. 20A, as shown in FIG. 24C, in the planar light emitting member 11H, a transparent member 211A having a flared cross section may be used. it can. Such a transparent member 211A having a broadened cross-sectional shape can also be applied to the case where the other planar light emitting members in Examples 4 to 7 are used as other light sources.

FIG. 1 is a conceptual diagram on the yz plane of the three-dimensional image display apparatus according to the first embodiment. FIG. 2 is a conceptual diagram of the three-dimensional image display device according to the first embodiment when viewed from an oblique direction. FIG. 3 is a diagram schematically illustrating an arrangement state of components of the three-dimensional image display apparatus according to the first embodiment. FIG. 4 is an enlarged conceptual diagram of a part of the three-dimensional image display apparatus according to the first embodiment. 5A and 5B are diagrams schematically illustrating a state in which diffracted light of a plurality of diffraction orders is generated by the two-dimensional image forming apparatus. FIG. 6 is a schematic front view of the light source. FIG. 7 is a schematic front view of the spatial filter. 8A to 8E are schematic cross-sectional views of the planar light emitting member, and FIG. 8F is a schematic view of the light source viewed from an oblique direction. FIG. 9 is a diagram showing the formation timing of the two-dimensional image in the two-dimensional image forming apparatus and the opening / closing timing of the opening of the Fourier transform image selection means (spatial filter). The formation timing of the three-dimensional image is shown, and the opening and closing timing of the opening of the Fourier transform image selection means (spatial filter) is shown in the middle and lower stages. FIG. 10 is a diagram schematically illustrating the concept of spatial filtering by Fourier transform image selection means (spatial filter) in time series. FIG. 11 is a diagram schematically showing an image obtained as a result of the spatial filtering shown in FIG. FIG. 12 is a conceptual diagram of a part of the three-dimensional image display apparatus according to the second embodiment on the yz plane. FIG. 13 is a conceptual diagram on a yz plane of a part of a three-dimensional image display apparatus according to a modification of the second embodiment. FIG. 14 is a conceptual diagram on the yz plane of the three-dimensional image display apparatus according to the third embodiment. FIG. 15 is a conceptual diagram on the yz plane of a modification of the three-dimensional image display device according to the third embodiment. FIG. 16 is a conceptual diagram of a control circuit that controls the operation of the two-dimensional image forming apparatus and the light source. FIG. 17 is a conceptual diagram of another modification of the three-dimensional image display device according to the third embodiment. FIG. 18 is a conceptual diagram of still another modification of the three-dimensional image display device according to the third embodiment. FIG. 19 is a conceptual diagram for explaining an example in which a light detection unit is attached to a two-dimensional image forming apparatus. 20A and 20B are schematic cross-sectional views of the planar light emitting member in Example 4, and FIG. 20C is a rod integrator constituting the planar light emitting member in Example 4. It is a figure which shows the polarization state of the light which propagates. 21A and 21B are schematic cross-sectional views of the planar light emitting member in Example 5, and FIG. 21C is a rod integrator constituting the planar light emitting member in Example 5. It is a figure which shows the polarization state of the light which propagates. 22A and 22B are schematic cross-sectional views of a modification of the planar light emitting member in Example 4, and FIGS. 22C and 22D show the planar shape in Example 5. FIG. It is typical sectional drawing of the modification of a light emitting member. 23A and 23B are schematic cross-sectional views of the planar light emitting member in Example 6. FIG. (A), (B), and (C) of FIG. 24 are schematic cross-sectional views of a planar light-emitting member and a modification thereof in Example 6. FIG. 25 is a conceptual diagram on the yz plane of a three-dimensional image display apparatus according to a modification of the first embodiment. FIG. 26 is an enlarged conceptual view of a three-dimensional image display device according to a modification of the first embodiment shown in FIG. 25 (however, a certain planar light emitting member 11 is in a light emitting state). FIG. 27 is an enlarged conceptual diagram of a part of the three-dimensional image display device according to the modification of Example 1 shown in FIG. 25 (however, another planar light emitting member 11 is in a light emitting state). FIG. 28 is a conceptual diagram in which a part of a three-dimensional image display device according to a modification of the first embodiment shown in FIG. 25 is enlarged (however, another planar light emitting member 11 is in a light emitting state). 29A and 29B are conceptual diagrams on a yz plane of a part of a modification of the three-dimensional image display apparatus according to the first embodiment. FIG. 30 is a conceptual diagram on a yz plane of a part of another modification of the modification of the three-dimensional image display device according to the first embodiment. FIG. 31 is a configuration diagram illustrating a multi-unit type three-dimensional image display device in which a plurality of three-dimensional image display devices according to the first embodiment are combined. FIG. 32 is a diagram illustrating a configuration example of a conventional three-dimensional image display device.

Explanation of symbols

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 ... Three-dimensional image display apparatus, 10 ... Light source, 11A, 11B, 11C, 11D, 11E, 11F, 11G, 11H ... Planar light emission member, 12 ... Collimator lens, 20 ... Illumination optical system, 30 ... 2D image forming apparatus, 31 ... Pixel, 51 ... Opening, 70 ... Beam splitter, 71, 71R, 71G, 71B ... Narrow band filter, 72 ..Dichroic prism, L ₁ ... first lens, L ₂ ... second lens, L ₃ ... third lens, SF ... spatial filter, RI ... real image (inverse Fourier) (Conversion image), CI ... conjugate image of Fourier transform image, 80 ... light detection means, 81, 82 ... partial reflection mirror (partial reflector), 83 ... lens, 90 ... control circuit, 91... Two-dimensional image forming apparatus driving times , 93... Light source control circuit, 94... Light emitting element drive circuit, 95... Light detection means control circuit, 96. Rod integrator, 112, 212 ... One end surface of rod integrator, 113, 213 ... Other end surface of rod integrator, 114 ... Light diffusion layer, 115 ... Light reflection layer, 116.216, 316, 416 ... light emitting diode, 211A ... transparent member, 221 ... light reflecting member, 222 ... quarter wavelength plate, 231 ... reflective polarizing member, 232 ... light diffusing member, 310 ... first prism, 310A ... first slope of the first prism, 310B ... second slope of the first prism, 310C ... bottom face of the first prism, 311 ... first light reflection 312 ... second light reflecting member, 213 ... quarter wave plate, 320 ... second prism, 320A ... first slope of second prism, 320B ... second prism Of the second prism, 330 ... a bottom surface of the second prism, 330 ... a polarizing beam splitter, 411 ... a plate-like member, 412 ... one end face of the plate-like member, 413 ... of the plate-like member. Other end face, 415... Light reflecting layer, 421... Light reflecting member, 422... Quarter wave plate, 431... Reflective polarizing member, 432.・ Resistors

Claims (15)

(A) a light source composed of U ₀ × V ₀ planar light-emitting members arranged in a two-dimensional matrix;
(B) A two-dimensional image having openings arranged in a two-dimensional matrix along the X and Y directions and controlling the passage or reflection of light sequentially emitted from each planar light-emitting member for each opening. A two-dimensional image forming apparatus that generates diffracted light of a plurality of diffraction orders for each aperture based on the two-dimensional image,
(C) a first lens having a two-dimensional image forming apparatus disposed on its front focal plane;
(D) The desired diffraction among the Fourier transform images generated by the first lens based on the diffracted light that is located on the rear focal plane of the first lens and is generated by the number corresponding to the plurality of diffraction orders. Fourier transform image selection means for selecting a Fourier transform image corresponding to the order,
(E) a second lens having Fourier transform image selection means disposed on its front focal plane, and
(F) a third lens whose front focal plane is located on the rear focal plane of the second lens;
An optical system comprising:
2D image data sending means for sending 2D image data corrected for aberrations caused by the optical system to a 2D image forming apparatus;
A three-dimensional image display device. 2. The three-dimensional image display device according to claim 1, wherein the Fourier transform image selection means comprises a spatial filter having U ₀ × V ₀ openings.   The three-dimensional image display device according to claim 2, wherein the spatial filter is a liquid crystal display device.   The three-dimensional image display device according to claim 2, wherein the size of the opening of the spatial filter is substantially equal to the size of the two-dimensional image generated by the two-dimensional image forming device and imaged on the spatial filter. 2. The three-dimensional image display device according to claim 1, wherein the Fourier transform image selection means comprises a scattering diffraction limiting member having U ₀ × V ₀ openings. Each planar light-emitting member is
(A) a rod integrator that emits light from one end surface; and
(B) a light emitting diode disposed on the other end face of the rod integrator;
The three-dimensional image display device according to claim 1, comprising: Each planar light-emitting member is
(A) a rod integrator that emits light from one end surface;
(B) a light emitting diode disposed on the other end face of the rod integrator;
(C) a reflective polarizing member that is disposed on one end face of the rod integrator and that allows a part of incident light to pass through and reflects the rest according to the polarization state;
(D) a light reflecting member provided at a portion that does not block the light emitted from the light emitting diode on the other end surface of the rod integrator;
The three-dimensional image display device according to claim 1, comprising: Each planar light-emitting member is
(E) a quarter-wave plate disposed between the other end face of the rod integrator and the light reflecting member,
The three-dimensional image display device according to claim 7, further comprising: Each planar light-emitting member is
(F) a light diffusing member provided on the reflective polarizing member;
The three-dimensional image display device according to claim 7 or 8, further comprising: Each planar light-emitting member is
(A) a PS polarization separation / conversion element including a first prism, a second prism, and a polarization beam splitter, and
(B) a light emitting diode;
Consisting of
The first prism and the second prism are arranged to face each other via the polarization separation surface of the polarization beam splitter,
The first prism is provided with a first light reflecting member and a second light reflecting member provided in a portion that does not block the light emitted from the light emitting diode,
The S-polarized component of the light emitted from the light emitting diode and incident on the first prism is reflected by the polarizing beam splitter, reflected by the second light reflecting member, reflected again by the polarizing beam splitter, and further, the first light reflecting member. Reflected by
The P-polarized component of the light emitted from the light emitting diode and incident on the first prism and the P-polarized component of the light reflected by the first light reflecting member pass through the polarization beam splitter and are emitted from the exit surface of the second prism. The three-dimensional image display device according to claim 1, which is emitted. Each planar light-emitting member is
(C) a quarter-wave plate disposed between the first prism and the first light reflecting member,
The three-dimensional image display device according to claim 10, further comprising: Each planar light-emitting member is
(A) a plate-like member that emits light from one end face;
(B) a light emitting diode disposed on the other end surface of the plate-like member;
(C) a reflective polarizing member that is disposed on one end surface of the plate-like member and allows a part of incident light to pass through and reflects the rest according to the polarization state;
(D) a light reflecting member provided at a portion that does not block the light emitted from the light emitting diode on the other end surface of the plate-like member;
(E) a quarter-wave plate disposed between the other end surface of the plate-like member and the light reflecting member, and
(F) a light diffusing member provided on the reflective polarizing member;
The three-dimensional image display device according to claim 1, comprising:   The three-dimensional image display apparatus according to claim 1, further comprising light detection means for measuring light intensity of light sequentially emitted from each planar light emitting member.   The three-dimensional image display apparatus according to claim 13, wherein the light emission state of each planar light emitting member is controlled based on the measurement result of the light intensity in the light detection means.   The three-dimensional image display apparatus according to claim 13, wherein an operation state of the two-dimensional image forming apparatus is controlled based on a measurement result of light intensity in the light detection unit.