JP2010006185A - Pneumatic tire - Google Patents

Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a pneumatic tire for the winter season having superior on-ice performance on an ice-snow road surface, while maintaining abrasion resistance, by restraining reduction in DRY performance on a dry road surface. <P>SOLUTION: This pneumatic tire is characterized in that a cut level difference Rδc is 10-80 μm in 25-75% of Rmr(c) of a tread part surface roughness curve grounded on the road surface measured based on prescription of JIS BO671-1 after traveling by 3,000 km on a pavement road, and the whole sipe length per the grounding area of 1 cm<SP>2</SP>of a tread surface is 0.1-0.4 cm. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2010,JPO&INPIT

Description

  The present invention relates to a pneumatic tire, and more particularly, a tread rubber that suppresses a decrease in DRY performance on a dry road surface, maintains wear resistance, and has an on-ice performance on an icy and snowy road surface and a WET performance on a wet road surface, and winter It relates to a pneumatic tire for use.

Since spike tires have been regulated, research on tire treads has been particularly active in order to improve the performance on ice on snowy road surfaces. On an icy and snowy road surface, a water film is likely to be generated due to frictional heat between the icy and snowy road surface and the tire, and the water film reduces the coefficient of friction between the tire and the icy and snowy road surface. For this reason, in order to improve the performance on ice in the tire, it is necessary to improve the water film removing ability, the edge effect, and the spike effect of the tire tread.
In order to give the tire tread the ability to remove the water film, a lot of micro drainage grooves (sipes) of about 100 μm in depth and width are provided on the surface of the tire when new, and the water film is eliminated by these micro drainage grooves. And increase the coefficient of friction of the tire on the snowy road surface. However, in this case, although the performance on ice in the initial use of the tire can be improved, there is a problem that the performance on ice gradually deteriorates as the tire wears. Therefore, in order to prevent the performance on ice from deteriorating even if the tire is worn, it is conceivable to form bubbles in the tread with the aim of removing the microscopic water film. When it appears on the tread surface, it is considered that the tube is made of an organic fiber resin that works as a micro sipe.
Further, it has been proposed to further increase the coefficient of friction on the icy and snowy road surface by adding fine particles to the above-mentioned organic fiber and adding a scratch effect (for example, Patent Document 1 and Patent Document 2). reference).

In order to improve the performance on ice, a technique for lowering the rigidity in the low temperature region is taken, and as a rubber component used for the tread, natural rubber having a glass transition temperature of −60 ° C. or less, high cis polybutadiene, or the like is used. In particular, high cis polybutadiene has a low glass transition temperature. Increasing the ratio of high cis polybutadiene in the rubber component improves the performance on ice, but the rigidity in the room temperature range also tends to decrease, and the DRY performance decreases accordingly. To do. When the performance on ice is improved, there is a problem that the block rigidity of the tread is lowered and the DRY performance / WET performance (tire braking / driving performance on a dry road surface / wet road surface) tends to be lowered.
Moreover, as a filler component used for a tread, carbon and silica are mainly used, and silica is used as a filler capable of improving the WET performance. However, when silica and high cis polybutadiene are mixed, there is a problem that workability is poor and it is difficult to improve the mechanical performance of the composition like carbon black.

Recently, in order to improve low hysteresis (low fuel consumption) and reinforcing properties with fillers, many technological developments have been made on modified rubbers used in rubber compositions containing silica or carbon black as fillers. Among them, a method of modifying the polymerization active terminal of a diene polymer obtained by anionic polymerization using an organolithium compound with a filler and an interaction with an alkoxysilane derivative has been proposed as effective. (For example, see Patent Document 3)
However, many of these are applied to polymers in which the living property of the polymer terminal can be easily secured, and there is little modification improvement for cis-1,4-polybutadiene, which is particularly important for tread rubber for studless tires. A sufficient modification effect is not always obtained in a rubber composition containing carbon black or carbon black. In particular, as for cis-1,4-polybutadiene, the modification effect in the carbon black-containing rubber is hardly obtained.
On the other hand, there is an attempt to obtain a silane-modified conjugated diene polymer by reacting an active terminus of a conjugated diene polymer having a high cis content obtained using a rare earth catalyst with an alkoxysilane compound. According to this, although the effect of improving the cold flow is great, the increase in Mooney due to the silane modification is remarkable in many cases, and in the isolated copolymer, a visible-size gel is often formed, and the processability is improved. -There was still room for improvement from the viewpoint of physical properties.
The present applicant has proposed that the above problems can be improved by reacting the polymer having an active terminal with a hydrocarbyloxysilane compound, followed by a secondary reaction with a specific compound (see, for example, Patent Document 4). ).

JP 2003-201371 A JP 2001-233993 A JP 2000-80205 A JP 2000-290433 A

  Under such circumstances, the present invention provides a winter pneumatic tire having excellent on-ice performance on an icy and snowy road surface while suppressing a decrease in DRY performance on a dry road surface and maintaining wear resistance. This is the issue.

As a result of intensive studies to achieve the above object, the present inventor has found that the surface roughness curve of the tread portion grounded to the road surface measured based on the provisions of JIS B0671-1 after traveling on a specific road surface for a certain distance. The Rmr (c) of the specific range has a specific cutting range difference (Rδc), and the length of the entire sipe per contact area of the tread surface is set to a specific range. Found that it can be achieved. The present invention has been completed based on such findings.
That is, the present invention
[1] The cutting level difference (Rδc) at 25 to 75% of Rmr (c) of the surface roughness curve of the tread portion grounded to the road surface measured based on the provisions of JIS B0671-1 after traveling on the paved road 3000 km. A pneumatic tire characterized by having a total sipe length of 0.1 to 0.4 cm per 1 cm ² of a ground contact area of the tread surface;
[2] Carbon black in which the rubber component (A) of the tread rubber composition constituting the tread is composed of natural rubber and / or synthetic conjugated diene rubber, and has a nitrogen adsorption specific surface area (N ₂ SA) of 120 m ² / g or more. (1) The pneumatic tire of (1) above, containing 2 to 90 parts by mass per 100 parts by mass of the rubber component (A),
[3] The pneumatic tire according to (1) or (2), wherein the proportion of silica (C) in the total amount of filler contained in the tread rubber composition is 30 to 100% by mass,
[4] The above (1) to (3), wherein the silica (C) has a nitrogen adsorption specific surface area (N ₂ SA) of 120 to 220 m ² / g and a CTAB adsorption specific surface area of 130 to 170 m ² / g. Any pneumatic tire,
[5] The above (1) containing 3 to 50 parts by mass of the inorganic filler (D) and / or the non-reinforcing organic filler (E) other than silica (C) with respect to 100 parts by mass of the rubber component (A). ) To (4) any pneumatic tire,
[6] The pneumatic tire according to (5), wherein an average particle size in the rubber composition of the inorganic filler (D) or the non-reinforcing organic filler (E) is 0.1 to 100 μm,
[7] The inorganic filler (D) is represented by the following general formula (I)
M ・ xSiO ₂・ yH ₂ O ………… (I)
[M in the formula is at least one metal oxide or metal hydroxide selected from Al, Mg, Ti, and Ca, and x and y are both integers of 0 to 10. The pneumatic tire according to (5) or (6) above, wherein the average particle size represented by
[8] The above (1) to (7), wherein at least one of the synthetic conjugated diene rubbers constituting the rubber component (A) is a polybutadiene rubber (F) having a cis-1,4 bond content of 90 mol% or more. Any pneumatic tire,
[9] The pneumatic tire according to (8), wherein the proportion of the component (F) in the rubber component (A) is 10 to 90% by mass,

[10] At least one of the synthetic conjugated diene rubbers constituting the rubber component (A) is obtained by polymerizing a conjugated diene monomer mainly composed of 1,3-butadiene. The hydrocarbyloxysilane compound I represented by the following general formula (II) and / or a portion thereof, wherein the active end of the conjugated diene copolymer having a 1,4-bond content of 75 mol% or more and having an active end The pneumatic tire according to any one of the above (1) to (9), which is a terminal-modified conjugated diene rubber (G) produced by a method including a step of reacting with a condensate,

〔式中、Ａ¹はエポキシ基，チオエポキシ基、イソシアネート基，チオイソシアネート基，ケトン基，チオケトン基、アルデヒド基，チオアルデヒド基、イミン残基，アミド基，イソシアヌル酸トリヒドロカルビルエステル残基，カルボン酸エステル残基，チオカルボン酸エステル残基，カルボン酸無水物残基，カルボン酸ハロゲン化物残基及び炭酸ジヒドロカルビルエステル残基から選ばれる少なくとも一種の官能基を有する一価の基、Ｒ¹は単結合又は二価の不活性炭化水素基であり、Ｒ²及びＲ³は、それぞれ独立に炭素数１〜２０の一価の脂肪族炭化水素基又は炭素数６〜１８の一価の芳香族炭化水素基を示し、ｎは０から２の整数であり、ＯＲ³が複数ある場合、複数のＯＲ³は同一でも異なっていてもよく、また分子中には活性プロトン及びオニウム塩は含まれない。〕
［１１］ 前記末端変性共役ジエン系ゴム（Ｇ）が、ヒドロカルビルオキシシラン化合物Ｉを反応させる第一次変性の後に、縮合促進剤を加えて、導入されたヒドロカルビルオキシシラン化合物残基と未反応のヒドロカルビルオキシシラン化合物との縮合反応を行なう第二次変性工程（ａ）を含む方法で製造されたものである上記（１０）の空気入りタイヤ、
［１２］ 前記末端変性共役ジエン系ゴム（Ｇ）が、ヒドロカルビルオキシシラン化合物Ｉ及び／又はその部分縮合物を反応させる第一次変性後に、さらにヒドロカルビルオキシシラン化合物を加え、縮合促進剤の存在下で反応させる第二次変性を行う工程（ｂ）を含む方法で製造されたものであることを特徴とする、上記（１１）の空気入りタイヤ、
［１３］ 前記末端変性共役ジエン系ゴム（Ｇ）が、前記第二次変性工程（ｂ）に用いるヒドロカルビルオキシシラン化合物として、前記一般式（II）で表されるヒドロカルビルオキシシラン化合物Ｉ及び／又はその部分縮合化合物、下記一般式（III）で表されるヒドロカルビルオキシシラン化合物II及び／又はその部分縮合物、並びに下記一般式（IV）で表されるヒドロカルビルオキシシラン化合物III及び／又はその部分縮合物の中から選ばれる少なくとも一種を用いて製造されたものである上記（１２）の空気入りタイヤ、

[In the formula, A ¹ is epoxy group, thioepoxy group, isocyanate group, thioisocyanate group, ketone group, thioketone group, aldehyde group, thioaldehyde group, imine residue, amide group, isocyanuric acid trihydrocarbyl ester residue, carboxylic acid A monovalent group having at least one functional group selected from an ester residue, a thiocarboxylic acid ester residue, a carboxylic acid anhydride residue, a carboxylic acid halide residue, and a carbonic acid dihydrocarbyl ester residue; R ¹ is a single bond; Or R ² and R ³ are each independently a monovalent aliphatic hydrocarbon group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms or a monovalent aromatic hydrocarbon group having 6 to 18 carbon atoms. represents a group, n is an integer from 0 to 2, if the OR ³ there are a plurality, the plurality of OR ³ may be the same or different, and in the molecule active pro Emissions and onium salt are not included. ]
[11] The terminal-modified conjugated diene rubber (G) is unreacted with the introduced hydrocarbyloxysilane compound residue by adding a condensation accelerator after the primary modification in which the hydrocarbyloxysilane compound I is reacted. The pneumatic tire according to (10), which is produced by a method including a secondary modification step (a) for performing a condensation reaction with a hydrocarbyloxysilane compound,
[12] After the primary modification in which the terminal-modified conjugated diene rubber (G) is reacted with the hydrocarbyloxysilane compound I and / or a partial condensate thereof, a hydrocarbyloxysilane compound is further added, and in the presence of a condensation accelerator. The pneumatic tire according to (11), wherein the pneumatic tire is manufactured by a method including the step (b) of performing secondary modification to be reacted in
[13] The hydrocarbyloxysilane compound I represented by the general formula (II) and / or the hydrocarbyloxysilane compound used in the second modification step (b), wherein the terminal-modified conjugated diene rubber (G) is used. The partial condensation compound, the hydrocarbyloxysilane compound II represented by the following general formula (III) and / or the partial condensate thereof, and the hydrocarbyloxysilane compound III represented by the following general formula (IV) and / or the partial condensation thereof The pneumatic tire according to (12), wherein the pneumatic tire is manufactured using at least one selected from among products.

〔式中、Ａ²は、環状第三アミノ基，非環状第三アミノ基，ピリジン残基，スルフィド基，マルチスルフィド基、ニトリル基、環状第三アミンのオニウム塩残基、非環状第三アミンのオニウム塩残基，アリル又はベンジルＳｎ結合を有する基，スルフォニル基，スルフィニル基及びニトリル基から選ばれる少なくとも一種の官能基を有する一価の基、Ｒ⁴は単結合又は二価の不活性炭化水素基、Ｒ⁵及びＲ⁶は、それぞれ独立に炭素数１〜２０の一価の脂肪族炭化水素基又は炭素数６〜１８の一価の芳香族炭化水素基を示し、ｍは０から２の整数であり、ＯＲ⁶が複数ある場合、複数のＯＲ⁶は同一でも異なっていてもよい。〕

[Wherein A ² represents a cyclic tertiary amino group, an acyclic tertiary amino group, a pyridine residue, a sulfide group, a multisulfide group, a nitrile group, an onium salt residue of a cyclic tertiary amine, or an acyclic tertiary amine. An onium salt residue, a group having an allyl or benzyl Sn bond, a monovalent group having at least one functional group selected from a sulfonyl group, a sulfinyl group and a nitrile group, R ⁴ is a single bond or a divalent inert carbon Hydrogen group, R ⁵ and R ⁶ each independently represents a monovalent aliphatic hydrocarbon group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms or a monovalent aromatic hydrocarbon group having 6 to 18 carbon atoms, and m is from 0 to 2 of an integer, if OR ⁶ there are plural, a plurality of OR ⁶ may be the same or different. ]

〔式中、Ａ³は、ヒドロキシ基，チオール基，第一アミノ基、第一アミンのオニウム塩残基，環状第二アミノ基、環状第二アミンのオニウム塩残基、非環状第二アミノ基及び非環状第二アミンのオニウム塩残基から選ばれる少なくとも一種の官能基を有する一価の基、Ｒ⁷は単結合又は二価の不活性炭化水素基、Ｒ⁸ 及びＲ⁹は、それぞれ独立に炭素数１〜２０の一価の脂肪族炭化水素基又は炭素数６〜１８の一価の芳香族炭化水素基を示し、ｑは０から２の整数であり、ＯＲ⁹が複数ある場合、複数のＯＲ⁹は同一でも異なっていてもよい。〕
［１４］ 前記末端変性共役ジエン系ゴム（Ｇ）が、前記縮合促進剤として下記（１）から（３）で表わされる金属化合物からなる群から選ばれた少なくとも一種、及び水の双方を用いて製造されたものである上記（１０）〜（１３）いずれかの空気入りタイヤ、
（１）酸化数２のスズの炭素数３から３０のカルボン酸塩
Ｓｎ（ＯＣＯＲ¹⁰）₂
〔式中、Ｒ¹⁰は、炭素数２から１９の有機基であり、複数ある場合は同一でも異なっていてもよい。〕
（２）酸化数４のスズの化合物で次の一般式を満足するもの
Ｒ¹¹ _rＳｎＡ⁴ _tＢ¹ _(4-t-r)
〔式中、ｒは１から３の整数，ｔは１又は２の整数であり、かつｔ＋ｒは３又は４の整数である。Ｒ¹¹は炭素数１から３０の脂肪族炭化水素基、Ｂ¹はヒドロキシ基又はハロゲンである。Ａ⁴は、（ａ）炭素数２から３０のカルボキシル基、（ｂ）炭素数５から３０の１，３−ジカルボニル含有基、（ｃ）炭素数３から３０のヒドロカルビルオキシ基、及び（ｄ）炭素数１から２０のヒドロカルビル基及び／又は炭素数１から２０のヒドロカルビルオキシ基で合計三置換（同一でも異なっていてもよい）されたシロキシ基から選ばれる基であり、Ａ⁴が複数ある場合は同一でも異なっていてもよい。〕
（３）酸化数４のチタン化合物で、次の一般式を満足するもの
Ａ⁵ _xＴｉＢ² _(4-x)
〔式中、ｘは２又は４の整数である。Ａ⁵は（ｅ）炭素数３から３０のヒドロカルビルオキシ基、（ｆ）炭素数１から３０のアルキル基及び／又は炭素数１から２０のヒドロカルビルオキシ基で合計三置換されたシロキシ基であり、Ａ⁵が複数ある場合は同一でも異なっていてもよい。Ｂ²は、炭素数５から３０の１，３−ジカルボニル含有基である。〕
［１５］ 前記活性末端を有する共役ジエン系ゴム（Ｇ）が、下記（ｉ）、（ii）、（iii）の各要素それぞれから選ばれる少なくとも一種の化合物を組み合わせてなる重合触媒を用いて、１，３−ブタジエンを主体とする共役ジエン系モノマーを重合させることにより製造されたものである上記（１０）〜（１４）いずれかの空気入りタイヤ、
（ｉ）成分；周期律表の原子番号５７〜７１にあたる希土類元素含有化合物、又は、これらの化合物とルイス塩基との反応物
（ii）成分；アルモキサン及び／又はＡｌＲ¹²Ｒ¹³Ｒ¹⁴（式中、Ｒ¹²及びＲ¹³は同一又は異なり、炭素数１〜１０の炭化水素基又は水素原子、Ｒ¹⁴は炭素数１〜１０の炭化水素基であり、ただし、Ｒ¹⁴は上記Ｒ¹²又はＲ¹³と同一又は異なっていてもよい）に対応する有機アルミニウム化合物
（iii）成分；ルイス酸、金属ハロゲン化物とルイス塩基との錯化合物、及び活性ハロゲンを含む有機化合物
［１６］ 前記活性末端を有する共役ジエン系ゴム（Ｇ）が、シス−１，４結合含有量が９０モル％以上の末端変性ポリブタジエンゴムである上記（１０）〜（１５）いずれかの空気入りタイヤ、
［１７］ ゴム成分（Ａ）に占める（Ｇ）成分の割合が１０〜９０質量％である上記（１６）の空気入りタイヤ、
［１８］ ゴム成分（Ａ）を構成する合成共役ジエン系ゴムの少なくとも一種がハロゲン化ブチルゴム（Ｈ）である上記（１）〜（１７）いずれかの空気入りタイヤ、
［１９］ ゴム成分（Ａ）に占める（Ｈ）成分の割合が１０〜９０質量％である上記（１８）の空気入りタイヤ、
［２０］ トレッドゴム組成物の−２０℃での貯蔵弾性率（Ｅ’）が５〜４０ＭＰａである上記（１）〜（１９）いずれかの空気入りタイヤ、及び
［２１］ トレッド部の路面と実質的に接する面に発泡ゴム用いた上記（１）〜（２０）いずれかの空気入りタイヤ、
を提供するものである。

[Wherein A ³ is a hydroxy group, a thiol group, a primary amino group, an onium salt residue of a primary amine, a cyclic secondary amino group, an onium salt residue of a cyclic secondary amine, or an acyclic secondary amino group And a monovalent group having at least one functional group selected from onium salt residues of acyclic secondary amines, R ⁷ is a single bond or a divalent inert hydrocarbon group, and R ⁸ and R ⁹ are each independently Represents a monovalent aliphatic hydrocarbon group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms or a monovalent aromatic hydrocarbon group having 6 to 18 carbon atoms, q is an integer of 0 to 2, and a plurality of OR ⁹ are present, The plurality of OR ⁹ may be the same or different. ]
[14] The terminal-modified conjugated diene rubber (G) includes at least one selected from the group consisting of metal compounds represented by the following (1) to (3) and water as the condensation accelerator. The pneumatic tire according to any one of the above (10) to (13),
(1) Tin oxide having 2 oxidations and carboxylate Sn (OCOR ¹⁰ ) ₂ having 3 to 30 carbon atoms
[Wherein, R ¹⁰ is an organic group having 2 to 19 carbon atoms, and when there are a plurality of them, they may be the same or different. ]
(2) A tin compound having an oxidation number of 4 that satisfies the following general formula: R ¹¹ _r SnA ⁴ _t B ¹ _(4-tr)
[Wherein, r is an integer of 1 to 3, t is an integer of 1 or 2, and t + r is an integer of 3 or 4. R ¹¹ is an aliphatic hydrocarbon group having 1 to 30 carbon atoms, and B ¹ is a hydroxy group or a halogen. A ⁴ represents (a) a carboxyl group having 2 to 30 carbon atoms, (b) a 1,3-dicarbonyl-containing group having 5 to 30 carbon atoms, (c) a hydrocarbyloxy group having 3 to 30 carbon atoms, and (d ) A group selected from a siloxy group having a total of three substitutions (which may be the same or different) with a hydrocarbyl group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms and / or a hydrocarbyloxy group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, and there are a plurality of A ⁴ The cases may be the same or different. ]
(3) Titanium compound having an oxidation number of 4 and satisfying the following general formula A ⁵ _x TiB ² _(4-x)
[Wherein x is an integer of 2 or 4. A ⁵ is (e) a hydrocarbyloxy group having 3 to 30 carbon atoms, (f) a siloxy group having a total of three substitutions with an alkyl group having 1 to 30 carbon atoms and / or a hydrocarbyloxy group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, When there are a plurality of A ^{5 s,} they may be the same or different. B ² is a 1,3-dicarbonyl-containing group having 5 to 30 carbon atoms. ]
[15] Using a polymerization catalyst in which the conjugated diene rubber (G) having an active end is combined with at least one compound selected from each of the following elements (i), (ii), and (iii): A pneumatic tire according to any one of the above (10) to (14), which is produced by polymerizing a conjugated diene monomer mainly comprising 1,3-butadiene;
(I) component; a rare earth element-containing compound corresponding to atomic numbers 57 to 71 in the periodic table, or a reaction product of these compounds and a Lewis base (ii) component; alumoxane and / or AlR ¹² R ¹³ R ¹⁴ (wherein , R ¹² and R ¹³ are the same or different and are a hydrocarbon group or hydrogen atom having 1 to 10 carbon atoms, R ¹⁴ is a hydrocarbon group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms, provided that R ¹⁴ is R ¹² or R ¹³ above. An organoaluminum compound (iii) component corresponding to (which may be the same as or different from) an organic compound containing a Lewis acid, a complex compound of a metal halide and a Lewis base, and an active halogen [16] Conjugate having the active end The pneumatic tire according to any one of the above (10) to (15), wherein the diene rubber (G) is a terminal-modified polybutadiene rubber having a cis-1,4 bond content of 90 mol% or more,
[17] The pneumatic tire according to (16), wherein the proportion of the component (G) in the rubber component (A) is 10 to 90% by mass,
[18] The pneumatic tire according to any one of (1) to (17), wherein at least one of the synthetic conjugated diene rubbers constituting the rubber component (A) is a halogenated butyl rubber (H).
[19] The pneumatic tire according to (18), wherein the proportion of the component (H) in the rubber component (A) is 10 to 90% by mass,
[20] The pneumatic tire according to any one of the above (1) to (19), wherein the storage elastic modulus (E ′) at −20 ° C. of the tread rubber composition is 5 to 40 MPa, and [21] the road surface of the tread portion; The pneumatic tire according to any one of the above (1) to (20), wherein foamed rubber is used on the substantially contacting surface,
Is to provide.

  According to the present invention, by controlling the roughness of the tire tread surface that has traveled a certain distance on a paved road surface, it is possible to suppress a decrease in DRY performance on a dry road surface, while maintaining wear resistance, while being excellent on ice and snow road surfaces. Further, it is possible to provide a pneumatic tire for winter having an on-ice performance.

The pneumatic tire of the present invention has a cutting level at 25 to 75% of Rmr (c) of the surface roughness curve of the tread portion grounded to the road surface measured based on the provisions of JIS B0671-1 after traveling on a paved road 3000 km The difference (Rδc) is 10 to 80 μm, and the sipe length per 1 cm ² of the ground contact area of the tread surface is required to be 0.1 to 0.4 cm. By controlling the roughness of the tread surface after running as described above, the effect of the present invention can be achieved when the tread surface is worn. This roughness largely contributes to the structure of the tire ground contact surface. In particular, the effect on improving the performance on ice on a road surface with a low μ around 0 ° C. is great. Moreover, the effect becomes remarkable by combining with a pattern in which sipes are densely packed to discharge water from a micro channel.
The roughness curve processed by the filter specified in JIS B0632 is subject to undesirable distortion. This standard (JIS B0671-1) stipulates a method for greatly reducing this distortion. By minimizing the influence of the distortion, the cutting level difference Rδc, which is a parameter of the present invention, is used for highly accurate evaluation. Is possible.
The cutting level difference Rδc is expressed by the following formula: Rδc = c (Rmr1) −c (Rmr2): Rmr1 <Rmr2
Sought by. In the above formula, Rmr is a relative load length ratio representing the difference between the reference cutting level and the contour curve.

[Tread rubber composition]
The above tread rubber mainly includes a rubber component (A), carbon black (B), silica (C), an inorganic filler (D) other than silica, and a non-reinforcing organic filler (E) component. It is preferable that it is comprised from a thing. These components can be used in appropriate combinations as needed.

<Rubber component (A)>
The rubber component (A) may include only natural rubber, only diene synthetic rubber, or both. Examples of the synthetic conjugated diene rubber include polybutadiene rubber (F) having a cis 1-4 bond content of 90 mol% or more, terminal-modified conjugated diene rubber (G), butyl rubber, particularly halogenated butyl rubber (H), and synthetic Polyisoprene rubber or the like is preferably used.
In order to improve the performance on ice, it is preferable to lower the rigidity in the low temperature region. The glass transition temperatures of these rubber components are all -60 ° C or lower, natural rubber is -69 to -74 ° C, cis-1 , 4-polybutadiene is about -95 to -110 ° C, and butyl rubber is about -67 to -75 ° C. When a rubber component having such a glass transition temperature is used, the tread rubber composition is advantageous in that it maintains sufficient rubber elasticity even in a low temperature range and exhibits good performance on ice.

<Component (F): Polybutadiene rubber having a cis 1-4 bond of 90 mol% or more>
At least one of the synthetic conjugated diene rubbers constituting the rubber component (A) is preferably a polybutadiene rubber (F) having a cis 1-4 bond of 90 mol% or more, and occupies the rubber component (A) of the component (F). The ratio is preferably in the range of 10 to 90% by mass, more preferably
30 to 70% by mass. The component (F) has the lowest glass transition temperature among the rubber components described above and low rigidity even in a low temperature region, so that good performance on ice can be obtained. Moreover, it has the characteristics which are excellent in abrasion resistance and low exothermic property.
A polybutadiene rubber having a cis 1-4 bond of 90 mol% or more can be obtained with a Ziegler type catalyst or an Nd-based catalyst using Ni, Co and Ti compounds. Especially, the ratio of the cis 1-4 bond of the polybutadiene rubber obtained with a Nd-type catalyst is the highest.

<(G) component: terminal-modified conjugated diene rubber>
Moreover, it is preferable to use terminal modified conjugated diene rubber (G) having a low glass transition temperature as at least one kind of synthetic conjugated diene rubber constituting the rubber component (A). Reinforcing with the filler can be further enhanced by terminal modification.
The component (G) comprises hydrocarbyloxysilane compound introduced into a terminal after reacting a hydrocarbyloxysilane compound at the terminal of a conjugated diene rubber having an active terminal having a cis-1,4 bond content of 75 mol% or more. A silane compound residue is reacted with a specific compound.
<Method for producing component (G)>
There is no particular limitation on the method for producing a polymer having an active terminal having a cis-1,4 bond content of 75 mol% or more, and any of a solution polymerization method, a gas phase polymerization method and a bulk polymerization method can be used. The solution polymerization method is particularly preferable. Further, the polymerization mode may be either a batch type or a continuous type.
<Polymerization monomer>
Examples of the conjugated diene compound as a polymerization monomer include 1,3-butadiene; isoprene; 1,3-pentadiene; 2,3-dimethylbutadiene; 2-phenyl-1,3-butadiene; 1,3-hexadiene and the like. It is done. These may be used alone or in combination of two or more, and among these, 1,3-butadiene is particularly preferred.
A small amount of other hydrocarbon monomers may coexist in these conjugated diene monomers, but the conjugated diene monomer is preferably 80 mol% or more of the total monomers.

<Polymerization catalyst>
The method for producing the intermediate of the conjugated diene rubber having 75 mol% of the cis bond is not particularly limited, and a known one can be used, but as the polymerization catalyst, the following (i), (ii) and (iii) A combination of at least one compound selected from each component is preferred. That is,
(I) component In this invention, (i) component of the catalyst system used for superposition | polymerization of a terminal active polymer is a compound containing the rare earth element of atomic number 57-71 of a periodic table, or these compounds, a Lewis base, The reaction product. Here, among the rare earth elements having atomic numbers of 57 to 71, neodymium, praseodymium, cerium, lanthanum, gadolinium, or the like, or a mixture thereof is preferable, and neodymium is particularly preferable.

As the rare earth element-containing compound, a salt soluble in a hydrocarbon solvent is preferable. Specifically, the rare earth element carboxylate, alkoxide, 1,3-diketone complex, phosphate and phosphite are included. Among these, carboxylates and phosphates are preferable, and carboxylates are particularly preferable.
Here, examples of the hydrocarbon solvent include saturated aliphatic hydrocarbons having 4 to 10 carbon atoms such as butane, pentane, hexane and heptane, saturated alicyclic hydrocarbons having 5 to 20 carbon atoms such as cyclopentane and cyclohexane, -Monoolefins such as butene, 2-butene, aromatic hydrocarbons such as benzene, toluene, xylene, methylene chloride, chloroform, trichloroethylene, perchloroethylene, 1,2-dichloroethane, chlorobenzene, bromobenzene, chlorotoluene, etc. A halogenated hydrocarbon is mentioned.
The rare earth element carboxylate satisfies the following general formula (R ¹⁵ —CO ₂ ) ₃ M
(Wherein, R ¹⁵ is a hydrocarbon group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, and M is a rare earth element having an atomic number of 57 to 71 in the periodic table). Here, R ¹⁵ may be saturated or unsaturated, is preferably an alkyl group or an alkenyl group, and may be linear, branched or cyclic. The carboxyl group is bonded to a primary, secondary or tertiary carbon atom. Specifically, as the carboxylate, octanoic acid, 2-ethylhexanoic acid, oleic acid, neodecanoic acid, stearic acid, benzoic acid, naphthenic acid, versatic acid [trade names of Shell Chemical Co., Ltd. , A carboxylic acid in which a carboxyl group is bonded to a tertiary carbon atom], and the like. Among these, salts of 2-ethylhexanoic acid, neodecanoic acid, naphthenic acid, and versatic acid are preferable.

As the rare earth element alkoxide, the following general formula is satisfied (R ¹⁶ O) ₃ M
(Wherein, R ¹⁶ is a hydrocarbon group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, and M is a rare earth element having an atomic number of 57 to 71 in the periodic table). Examples of the alkoxy group represented by R ¹⁶ O include 2-ethyl-hexylalkoxy group, oleylalkoxy group, stearylalkoxy group, phenoxy group, benzylalkoxy group and the like. Among these, a 2-ethyl-hexylalkoxy group and a benzylalkoxy group are preferable.

  Examples of the 1,3-diketone complex of the rare earth element include acetylacetone complex, benzoylacetone complex, propionitrileacetone complex, valerylacetone complex, and ethylacetylacetone complex of the rare earth element. Among these, an acetylacetone complex and an ethylacetylacetone complex are preferable.

  Examples of the rare earth element phosphate and phosphite include the rare earth element, bis (2-ethylhexyl) phosphate, bis (1-methylheptyl phosphate), bis (p-nonylphenyl) phosphate, phosphorus Acid bis (polyethylene glycol-p-nonylphenyl), phosphoric acid (1-methylheptyl) (2-ethylhexyl), phosphoric acid (2-ethylhexyl) (p-nonylphenyl), 2-ethylhexylphosphonic acid mono-2-ethylhexyl 2-ethylhexylphosphonic acid mono-p-nonylphenyl, bis (2-ethylhexyl) phosphinic acid, bis (1-methylheptyl) phosphinic acid, bis (p-nonylphenyl) phosphinic acid, (1-methylheptyl) (2 -Ethylhexyl) phosphinic acid, (2-ethylhexyl) (p-nonylphenyl) phosphine Among these, the rare earth elements, bis (2-ethylhexyl) phosphate, bis (1-methylheptyl) phosphate, mono-2-ethylhexyl 2-ethylhexylphosphonate, bis A salt with (2-ethylhexyl) phosphinic acid is preferred.

  Among the rare earth element-containing compounds, neodymium phosphate and neodymium carboxylate are more preferable, and in particular, neodymium branch such as neodymium 2-ethylhexanoate, neodymium neodecanoate, neodymium versatate, etc. Carboxylate is most preferred.

The component (i) may be a reaction product of the rare earth element-containing compound and a Lewis base. The reactant is improved in the solubility of the rare earth element-containing compound in the solvent due to the Lewis base, and can be stably stored for a long period of time. In order to easily solubilize the rare earth element-containing compound in a solvent and to store stably for a long period of time, the Lewis base is used in a proportion of 0 to 30 mol, preferably 1 to 10 mol, per mol of rare earth element. Or as a mixture of the two or as a product obtained by reacting both in advance. Here, examples of the Lewis base include acetylacetone, tetrahydrofuran, pyridine, N, N-dimethylformamide, thiophene, diphenyl ether, triethylamine, an organic phosphorus compound, and a monovalent or divalent alcohol.
The rare earth element-containing compound as the component (i) described above or a reaction product of these compounds and a Lewis base can be used singly or in combination of two or more.

(Ii) Component In the present invention, the component (ii) of the catalyst system used for the polymerization of the terminal active polymer satisfies the organoaluminum oxy compound and / or the following general formula: AlR ¹² R ¹³ R ¹⁴
(Wherein R ¹² and R ¹³ are the same or different and are a hydrocarbon group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms or a hydrogen atom, and R ¹⁴ is a hydrocarbon group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms, provided that R ¹⁴ represents the above R ¹² or R ¹³ may be the same or different).

  Examples of organic aluminum oxy compounds, so-called alumoxanes, include methylaluminoxane, ethylaluminoxane, propylaluminoxane, butylaluminoxane, chloroaluminoxane and the like. By adding aluminoxane, the molecular weight distribution becomes sharp and the activity as a catalyst is improved.

  Examples of the organoaluminum compound include trimethylaluminum, triethylaluminum, tri-n-propylaluminum, triisopropylaluminum, tri-n-butylaluminum, triisobutylaluminum, tri-t-butylaluminum, tripentylaluminum, trihexylaluminum, Tricyclohexyl aluminum, trioctyl aluminum; diethyl aluminum hydride, di-n-propyl aluminum hydride, di-n-butyl aluminum hydride, diisobutyl aluminum hydride, dihexyl aluminum hydride, diisohexyl aluminum hydride, hydrogenated Dioctyl aluminum, diisooctyl aluminum hydride; ethyl aluminum dihydride, n-propyl aluminum dihydr Ride, include isobutyl aluminum dihydride and the like, among these, triethylaluminum, triisobutylaluminum, hydrogenated diethylaluminum, hydrogenated diisobutylaluminum are preferred. The organoaluminum compound as component (B) described above can be used alone or in combination of two or more.

(iii) Component In the present invention, the component (iii) of the catalyst system used for the polymerization of the terminally active polymer is selected from the group consisting of Lewis acids, complex compounds of metal halides and Lewis bases, and organic compounds containing active halogens. It is at least one halogen compound selected.
The Lewis acid has Lewis acidity and is soluble in hydrocarbons. Specifically, methylaluminum dibromide, methylaluminum dichloride, ethylaluminum dibromide, ethylaluminum dichloride, butylaluminum dibromide, butylaluminum dichloride, dimethylaluminum bromide, dimethylaluminum chloride, diethylbromide Aluminum, diethylaluminum chloride, dibutylaluminum bromide, dibutylaluminum chloride, methylaluminum sesquibromide, methylaluminum sesquibromide, ethylaluminum sesquibromide, ethylaluminum sesquichloride, dibutyltin dichloride, aluminum tribromide, antimony trichloride, Examples include antimony pentachloride, phosphorus trichloride, phosphorus pentachloride, tin tetrachloride, and silicon tetrachloride. Of these, diethylaluminum chloride, sesquiethylaluminum chloride, ethylaluminum dichloride, diethylaluminum bromide, ethylaluminum sesquibromide, and ethylaluminum dibromide are preferred.
Alternatively, a reaction product of an alkylaluminum and a halogen such as a reaction product of triethylaluminum and bromine can be used.

  Examples of the metal halide constituting the complex compound of the above metal halide and Lewis base include beryllium chloride, beryllium bromide, beryllium iodide, magnesium chloride, magnesium bromide, magnesium iodide, calcium chloride, calcium bromide, iodine. Calcium chloride, barium chloride, barium bromide, barium iodide, zinc chloride, zinc bromide, zinc iodide, cadmium chloride, cadmium bromide, cadmium iodide, mercury chloride, mercury bromide, mercury iodide, manganese chloride, Manganese bromide, manganese iodide, rhenium chloride, rhenium bromide, rhenium iodide, copper chloride, copper iodide, silver chloride, silver bromide, silver iodide, gold chloride, gold iodide, gold bromide, etc. Of these, magnesium chloride, calcium chloride, barium chloride, manganese chloride, zinc chloride, and copper chloride are preferred. , Magnesium chloride, manganese chloride, zinc chloride, copper chloride being particularly preferred.

  Moreover, as a Lewis base which comprises the complex compound of the said metal halide and a Lewis base, a phosphorus compound, a carbonyl compound, a nitrogen compound, an ether compound, alcohol, etc. are preferable. Specifically, tributyl phosphate, tri-2-ethylhexyl phosphate, triphenyl phosphate, tricresyl phosphate, triethylphosphine, tributylphosphine, triphenylphosphine, diethylphosphinoethane, diphenylphosphinoethane, acetylacetone, benzoylacetone , Propionitrile acetone, valeryl acetone, ethyl acetylacetone, methyl acetoacetate, ethyl acetoacetate, phenyl acetoacetate, dimethyl malonate, diethyl malonate, diphenyl malonate, acetic acid, octanoic acid, 2-ethyl-hexanoic acid, olein Acid, stearic acid, benzoic acid, naphthenic acid, versatic acid, triethylamine, N, N-dimethylacetamide, tetrahydrofuran, diphenyl ether, 2-ethyl-hexyl alcohol Examples include oleyl alcohol, stearyl alcohol, phenol, benzyl alcohol, 1-decanol, and lauryl alcohol. Among these, tri-2-ethylhexyl phosphate, tricresyl phosphate, acetylacetone, 2-ethylhexanoic acid, versatic acid, 2 -Ethylhexyl alcohol, 1-decanol and lauryl alcohol are preferred.

The Lewis base is reacted at a ratio of 0.01 to 30 mol, preferably 0.5 to 10 mol, per 1 mol of the metal halide. When the reaction product with the Lewis base is used, the metal remaining in the polymer can be reduced.
Examples of the organic compound containing the active halogen include benzyl chloride.

In the present invention, the amount or composition ratio of each component of the catalyst system used for the polymerization of the conjugated diene rubber is appropriately selected according to its purpose or necessity. Of these, the component (i) is preferably used in an amount of 0.00001 to 1.0 mmol, more preferably 0.0001 to 0.5 mmol, per 100 g of the conjugated diene compound. (I) By making the usage-amount of a component into the said range, the outstanding polymerization activity is obtained and the necessity for a deashing process is lose | eliminated.
Moreover, the ratio of the organoaluminum compound of (i) component and (ii) component is molar ratio, (i) component: (ii) component organic aluminum compound is 1: 1-1: 700, Preferably it is 1: 3. ~ 1: 500.
Furthermore, the ratio of the halogen in the component (i) and the component (iii) is in a molar ratio of 1: 0.1 to 1:30, preferably 1: 0.2 to 1:15, more preferably 1: 2. 0 to 1: 5.0.

Moreover, the ratio of aluminum of the alumoxane which is (ii) component, and (i) component is 1: 1-700: 1 by molar ratio, Preferably it is 3: 1-500: 1. By making the amount of these catalysts within the range of the component ratio, it is preferable because it acts as a highly active catalyst and there is no need for a step of removing the catalyst residue.
In addition to the above components (i) to (iii), the polymerization reaction may be carried out in the presence of hydrogen gas for the purpose of adjusting the molecular weight of the polymer.
As a catalyst component, in addition to the above components (i), (ii) and (iii), if necessary, a small amount of a conjugated diene compound such as 1,3-butadiene, specifically, component (i) You may use in the ratio of 0-1000 mol per 1 mol of compounds. A conjugated diene compound such as 1,3-butadiene as a catalyst component is not essential, but when used together, there is an advantage that the catalytic activity is further improved.

In the production of the catalyst, for example, the components (i) to (iii) are dissolved in a solvent, and a conjugated diene compound such as 1,3-butadiene is reacted as necessary.
At that time, the order of addition of the respective components is not particularly limited, and from the viewpoints of improving the polymerization activity and shortening the polymerization initiation induction period, it is preferable to mix these components in advance and react and ripen them. Here, the aging temperature is about 0 to 100 ° C, and preferably 20 to 80 ° C. When the temperature is less than 0 ° C, aging is not sufficiently performed, and when the temperature exceeds 100 ° C, the catalytic activity may be reduced or the molecular weight distribution may be broadened.
The aging time is not particularly limited, and can be ripened by contacting in the line before adding to the polymerization reaction tank. Usually, 0.5 minutes or more is sufficient, and stable for several days.
In this polymerization, it is desirable to use a material from which reaction inhibitors such as water, oxygen, carbon dioxide, and protic compounds are substantially removed as all raw materials involved in the polymerization, such as a catalyst, a solvent, and a monomer.
In the primary modification reaction according to the present invention, the polymer to be used is preferably such that at least 10% by mass of the polymer chain has a living property.

<Primary modification and modifying agent>
In this primary modification reaction method, the hydrocarbyloxysilane compound used for the reaction with the active terminal of the polymer is preferably represented by the general formula (II)

（式中、Ａ¹はエポキシ基，チオエポキシ基、イソシアネート基，チオイソシアネート基，ケトン基，チオケトン基、アルデヒド基，チオアルデヒド基、イミン残基，アミド基，イソシアヌル酸トリヒドロカルビルエステル残基，カルボン酸エステル残基，チオカルボン酸エステル残基，カルボン酸無水物残基，カルボン酸ハロゲン化物残基及び炭酸ジヒドロカルビルエステル残基から選ばれる少なくとも一種の官能基を有する一価の基、Ｒ¹は単結合又は二価の不活性炭化水素基であり、Ｒ²及びＲ³は、それぞれ独立に炭素数１〜２０の一価の脂肪族炭化水素基又は炭素数６〜１８の一価の芳香族炭化水素基を示し、ｎは０から２の整数であり、ＯＲ³が複数ある場合、複数のＯＲ³は同一でも異なっていてもよく、また分子中には活性プロトン及びオニウム塩は含まれない。）で表されるヒドロカルビルオキシシラン化合物及び／又はその部分縮合物を用いることができる。
ここで、部分縮合物とは、ヒドロカルビルオキシシラン化合物のＳｉＯＲの一部（全部ではない）が縮合によりＳｉＯＳｉ結合したものをいう。

(In the formula, A ¹ is epoxy group, thioepoxy group, isocyanate group, thioisocyanate group, ketone group, thioketone group, aldehyde group, thioaldehyde group, imine residue, amide group, isocyanuric acid trihydrocarbyl ester residue, carboxylic acid A monovalent group having at least one functional group selected from an ester residue, a thiocarboxylic acid ester residue, a carboxylic acid anhydride residue, a carboxylic acid halide residue, and a carbonic acid dihydrocarbyl ester residue, R ¹ is a single bond or a divalent inert hydrocarbon group, R ² and R ³ are each independently a monovalent C1-20 aliphatic hydrocarbon group or a monovalent aromatic hydrocarbon having 6 to 18 carbon atoms represents a group, n is an integer from 0 to 2, if the OR ³ there are a plurality, the plurality of OR ³ may be the same or different, and in the molecule active pro Emissions and onium salt are not included. Hydrocarbyloxy silane compound represented by) and / or can be used a partial condensate thereof.
Here, the partial condensate means a product in which a part (not all) of SiOR of the hydrocarbyloxysilane compound is bonded to SiOSi by condensation.

In the general formula (II), among the functional groups in A ¹ , the imine residue includes a ketimine group, an aldimine group, and an amidine group, and the (thio) carboxylic acid ester residue is an acrylate residue or a methacrylate residue. Unsaturated carboxylic acid ester residues such as Examples of the metal of the metal salt of (thio) carboxylic acid include alkali metals, alkaline earth metals, Al, Sn, and Zn.
Preferred examples of the divalent inert hydrocarbon group in R ¹ include an alkylene group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms. The alkylene group may be linear, branched, or cyclic, but a linear one is particularly preferable. Examples of the linear alkylene group include a methylene group, an ethylene group, a trimethylene group, a tetramethylene group, a pentamethylene group, a hexamethylene group, an octamethylene group, a decamethylene group, and a dodecamethylene group.

Examples of R ² and R ³ include an alkyl group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, an alkenyl group having 2 to 18 carbon atoms, an aryl group having 6 to 18 carbon atoms, and an aralkyl group having 7 to 18 carbon atoms. Here, the alkyl group and alkenyl group may be linear, branched or cyclic, and examples thereof include a methyl group, an ethyl group, an n-propyl group, an isopropyl group, an n-butyl group, Isobutyl group, sec-butyl group, tert-butyl group, pentyl group, hexyl group, octyl group, decyl group, dodecyl group, cyclopentyl group, cyclohexyl group, vinyl group, propenyl group, allyl group, hexenyl group, octenyl group , Cyclopentenyl group, cyclohexenyl group and the like.
The aryl group may have a substituent such as a lower alkyl group on the aromatic ring, and examples thereof include a phenyl group, a tolyl group, a xylyl group, and a naphthyl group. Further, the aralkyl group may have a substituent such as a lower alkyl group on the aromatic ring, and examples thereof include a benzyl group, a phenethyl group, and a naphthylmethyl group.
n is an integer of 0 to 2, but 0 is preferable, and it is necessary that this molecule does not have an active proton or onium salt.

  Examples of the hydrocarbyloxysilane compound represented by the general formula (II) include (thio) epoxy group-containing hydrocarbyloxysilane compounds such as 2-glycidoxyethyltrimethoxysilane, 2-glycidoxyethyltriethoxysilane, (2-glycidoxyethyl) methyldimethoxysilane, 3-glycidoxypropyltrimethoxysilane, 3-glycidoxypropyltriethoxysilane, (3-glycidoxypropyl) methyldimethoxysilane, 2- (3,4) -Epoxycyclohexyl) ethyltrimethoxysilane, 2- (3,4-epoxycyclohexyl) ethyltriethoxysilane, 2- (3,4-epoxycyclohexyl) ethyl (methyl) dimethoxysilane and the epoxy group in these compounds as a thioepoxy group Put in There may be mentioned preferably those were example, among these, in particular 3-glycidoxypropyltrimethoxysilane and 2- (3,4-epoxycyclohexyl trimethoxysilane is preferred.

  As imine residue-containing hydrocarbyloxycyan compounds, N- (1,3-dimethylbutylidene) -3- (triethoxysilyl) -1-propanamine, N- (1-methylethylidene) -3- (tri Ethoxysilyl) -1-propanamine, N-ethylidene-3- (triethoxysilyl) -1-propanamine, N- (1-methylpropylidene) -3- (triethoxysilyl) -1-propanamine, N -(4-N, N-dimethylaminobenzylidene) -3- (triethoxysilyl) -1-propanamine, N- (cyclohexylidene) -3- (triethoxysilyl) -1-propanamine and their tris Trimethoxysilyl compounds, methyldiethoxysilyl compounds, ethyldiethoxysilyl compounds corresponding to ethoxysilyl compounds Preferred examples include methyldimethoxysilyl compounds and ethyldimethoxysilyl compounds. Among these, N- (1-methylpropylidene) -3- (triethoxysilyl) -1-propanamine and N- ( 1,3-dimethylbutylidene) -3- (triethoxysilyl) -1-propanamine is preferred.

  Furthermore, the following can be mentioned as another hydrocarbyloxy compound. That is, as imine residue (amidine group) -containing compounds, 1- [3- (triethoxysilyl) propyl] -4,5-dihydroimidazole, 1- [3- (trimethoxysilyl) propyl] -4,5 -Dihydroimidazole, 3- [10- (triethoxysilyl) decyl] -4-oxazoline and the like, among which 3- (1-hexamethyleneimino) propyl (triethoxy) silane, (1 -Hexamethyleneimino) methyl (trimethoxy) silane, 1- [3- (triethoxysilyl) propyl] -4,5-dihydroimidazole and 1- [3- (trimethoxysilyl) propyl] -4,5-dihydroimidazole Can be preferably mentioned. N- (3-triethoxysilylpropyl) -4,5-dihydroimidazole, N- (3-isopropoxysilylpropyl) -4,5-dihydroimidazole, N- (3-methyldiethoxysilylpropyl)- 4,5-dihydroimidazole and the like can be mentioned, and among them, N- (3-triethoxysilylpropyl) -4,5-dihydroimidazole is preferable.

Examples of the carboxylic acid ester group-containing compound include 3-methacryloyloxypropyltriethoxysilane, 3-methacryloyloxypropyltrimethoxysilane, 3-methacryloyloxypropylmethyldiethoxysilane, and 3-methacryloyloxypropyltriisosilane. Examples thereof include propoxysilane, among which 3-methacryloyloxypropyltrimethoxysilane is preferable. Furthermore, examples of the isocyanate group-containing compound include 3-isocyanatopropyltrimethoxysilane, 3-isocyanatopropyltriethoxysilane, 3-isocyanatopropylmethyldiethoxysilane, and 3-isocyanatopropyltriisopropoxysilane. Of these, 3-isocyanatopropyltriethoxysilane is preferred. Examples of the carboxylic acid anhydride-containing compound include 3-triethoxysilylpropyl succinic anhydride, 3-trimethoxysilylpropyl succinic anhydride, 3-methyldiethoxysilylpropyl succinic anhydride, and the like. Of these, 3-triethoxysilylpropyl succinic anhydride is preferred.
These hydrocarbyloxysilane compounds may be used singly or in combination of two or more. Moreover, the partial condensate of the said hydrocarbyl oxysilane compound can also be used.

<Secondary modification>
In the first modification, the polymer having an active terminal and the hydrocarbyloxysilane compound first react, and the introduced residue subsequently reacts with (1) a carboxylic acid partial ester of a polyhydric alcohol. And (2) in the presence of a condensation accelerator, a method of reacting with the remaining or newly added hydrocarbyloxysilane compound is required. As the latter method (2), there are the following aspects (2-1) to (2-3). That is,
(2-1); a method of performing secondary modification after further primary modification and further adding a hydrocarbyloxysilane compound and a condensation accelerator;
(2-2); a method of performing a condensation reaction between a hydrocarbyloxysilane compound residue introduced at a terminal and an unreacted hydrocarbyloxysilane compound after adding a condensation accelerator after primary modification; and (2- 3); a method of further stabilizing by reacting with a carboxylic acid partial ester of a polyhydric alcohol following each of the reactions (2-1) and (2-2).
Here, the carboxylic acid partial ester of a polyhydric alcohol is an ester of a polyhydric alcohol and a carboxylic acid and means a partial ester having one or more hydroxyl groups.

<Terminal stabilizer>
Specifically, an ester of a saccharide having 4 or more carbon atoms or a modified saccharide and a fatty acid is preferably used. This ester is more preferably (a) a fatty acid partial ester of a polyhydric alcohol, particularly a partial ester (monoester, diester, triester of a saturated higher fatty acid or unsaturated higher fatty acid having 10 to 20 carbon atoms and a polyhydric alcohol). And (b) an ester compound in which 1 to 3 partial esters of a polyvalent carboxylic acid and a higher alcohol are bonded to the polyhydric alcohol.

The polyhydric alcohol used as the raw material for the partial ester is preferably a saccharide having 5 or 6 carbon atoms having at least three hydroxyl groups (which may be hydrogenated or not hydrogenated), glycol, A polyhydroxy compound or the like is used. The raw fatty acid is preferably a saturated or unsaturated fatty acid having 10 to 20 carbon atoms, and for example, stearic acid, lauric acid, and palmitic acid are used.
Among the fatty acid partial esters of polyhydric alcohols, sorbitan fatty acid esters are preferred, and specifically, sorbitan monolaurate, sorbitan monopalmitate, sorbitan monostearate, sorbitan tristearate, sorbitan monooleate and And sorbitan trioleate.
Moreover, as a commercial item, there exist SPAN60 (sorbitan stearate ester), SPAN80 (sorbitan monooleate ester), SPAN85 (sorbitan trioleate ester) etc. as a trademark of ICI.
The addition amount of the partial ester is preferably 0.2 to 10 mol, particularly 1 to 10 mol, relative to 1 mol of the hydrocarbyloxysilyl group imparted to the polymer.

<Modifier for secondary modification>
The hydrocarbyloxysilane compound includes the hydrocarbyloxysilane compound I represented by the general formula (II) and / or a partial condensate thereof, and the following general formula (III).

（式中、Ａ²は、環状第三アミノ基，非環状第三アミノ基，ピリジン残基，スルフィド基，マルチスルフィド基、ニトリル基、環状第三アミンのオニウム塩残基、非環状第三アミンのオニウム塩残基，アリル又はベンジルＳｎ結合を有する基，スルフォニル基，スルフィニル基及びニトリル基から選ばれる少なくとも一種の官能基を有する一価の基、Ｒ⁴は単結合又は二価の不活性炭化水素基、Ｒ⁵及びＲ⁶は、それぞれ独立に炭素数１〜２０の一価の脂肪族炭化水素基又は炭素数６〜１８の一価の芳香族炭化水素基を示し、ｍは０から２の整数であり、ＯＲ⁶が複数ある場合、複数のＯＲ⁶は同一でも異なっていてもよい。）
で表されるヒドロカルビルオキシシラン化合物II及び／又はその部分縮合物、並びに下記一般式（IV）

(In the formula, A ² is a cyclic tertiary amino group, an acyclic tertiary amino group, a pyridine residue, a sulfide group, a multisulfide group, a nitrile group, an onium salt residue of a cyclic tertiary amine, or an acyclic tertiary amine. An onium salt residue, a group having an allyl or benzyl Sn bond, a monovalent group having at least one functional group selected from a sulfonyl group, a sulfinyl group and a nitrile group, R ⁴ is a single bond or a divalent inert carbon Hydrogen group, R ⁵ and R ⁶ each independently represents a monovalent aliphatic hydrocarbon group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms or a monovalent aromatic hydrocarbon group having 6 to 18 carbon atoms, and m is from 0 to 2 of an integer, if OR ⁶ there are plural, a plurality of OR ⁶ may be the same or different.)
And / or a partial condensate thereof, and the following general formula (IV)

（式中、Ａ³は、ヒドロキシ基，チオール基，第一アミノ基、第一アミンのオニウム塩残基，環状第二アミノ基、環状第二アミンのオニウム塩残基、非環状第二アミノ基及び非環状第二アミンのオニウム塩残基から選ばれる少なくとも一種の官能基を有する一価の基、Ｒ⁷は単結合又は二価の不活性炭化水素基、Ｒ⁸ 及びＲ⁹は、それぞれ独立に炭素数１〜２０の一価の脂肪族炭化水素基又は炭素数６〜１８の一価の芳香族炭化水素基を示し、ｑは０から２の整数であり、ＯＲ⁹が複数ある場合、複数のＯＲ⁹は同一でも異なっていてもよい。）で表されるヒドロカルビルオキシシラン化合物III及び／又はその部分縮合物と併用することができる。

(In the formula, A ³ is a hydroxy group, a thiol group, a primary amino group, an onium salt residue of a primary amine, a cyclic secondary amino group, an onium salt residue of a cyclic secondary amine, or an acyclic secondary amino group. And a monovalent group having at least one functional group selected from onium salt residues of acyclic secondary amines, R ⁷ is a single bond or a divalent inert hydrocarbon group, and R ⁸ and R ⁹ are each independently Represents a monovalent aliphatic hydrocarbon group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms or a monovalent aromatic hydrocarbon group having 6 to 18 carbon atoms, q is an integer of 0 to 2, and a plurality of OR ⁹ are present, A plurality of OR ⁹ may be the same or different.) And can be used together with the hydrocarbyloxysilane compound III represented by:

The hydrocarbyloxysilane compound represented by the general formula (III) and / or the partial condensate thereof does not substantially react directly with the active end and remains unreacted in the reaction system. Consumed for condensation with the introduced hydrocarbyloxysilane compound residue.
In the general formula (III), an acyclic tertiary amino group in A ² contains a residue of an N, N- (disubstituted) aromatic amine such as N, N- (disubstituted) aniline, The cyclic tertiary amino group can contain (thio) ether as a part of the ring. Divalent inactive hydrocarbon group among R ^4, the R ⁵ and R ⁶ are as described for R ^1, R ² and R ³ in each of the general formula (I). It is necessary that this molecule does not have active protons and onium salts.

Examples of the hydrocarbyloxysilane compound represented by the general formula (III) include 3-dimethylaminopropyl (triethoxy) silane and 3-dimethylaminopropyl (trimethoxy) silane as a non-cyclic tertiary amino group-containing hydrocarbyloxysilane compound. , 3-diethylaminopropyl (triethoxy) silane, 3-diethylaminopropyl (trimethoxy) silane, 2-dimethylaminoethyl (triethoxy) silane, 2-dimethylaminoethyl (trimethoxy) silane, 3-dimethylaminopropyl (diethoxy) methylsilane, 3, -Dibutylaminopropyl (triethoxy) silane etc. can be mentioned, among these, 3-diethylaminopropyl (triethoxy) silane and 3-dimethylaminopropyl (triethoxy) ) Silane is preferred.
Further, as the cyclic tertiary amino group-containing hydrocarbyloxysilane compound, 3- (1-hexamethyleneimino) propyl (triethoxy) silane, 3- (1-hexamethyleneimino) propyl (trimethoxy) silane, (1-hexamethyleneimino ) Methyl (trimethoxy) silane, (1-hexamethyleneimino) methyl (triethoxy) silane, 2- (1-hexamethyleneimino) ethyl (triethoxy) silane, 2- (1-hexamethyleneimino) ethyl (trimethoxy) silane, 3- (1-pyrrolidinyl) propyl (triethoxy) silane, 3- (1-pyrrolidinyl) propyl (trimethoxy) silane, 3- (1-heptamethyleneimino) propyl (triethoxy) silane, 3- (1-dodecamethyleneimino) Propyl (triethoxy) Run, 3- (1-hexamethyleneimino) propyl (diethoxy) methylsilane, 3- (1-hexamethyleneimino) can be preferably exemplified propyl (diethoxy) ethylsilane. In particular, 3- (1-hexamethyleneimino) propyl (triethoxy) silane is preferable.
Furthermore, examples of other hydrocarbyloxysilane compounds include 2- (trimethoxysilylethyl) pyridine, 2- (triethoxysilylethyl) pyridine, 4-ethylpyridine and the like.
These hydrocarbyloxysilane compounds may be used alone or in combination of two or more. Moreover, the partial condensate of these hydrocarbyl oxysilane compounds can also be used.

  Next, in the embodiment of the method (2-1), the hydrocarbyloxysilane compound II condensed with the residue of the hydrocarbyloxysilane compound I introduced into the active terminal of the polymer is represented by the general formula (II). A hydrocarbyloxysilane compound I and a partial condensate thereof, a hydrocarbyloxysilane compound II and a partial condensate thereof represented by the general formula (III), and a hydrocarbyloxysilane compound represented by the general formula (IV) and At least one selected from the partial condensate III can be used.

In the general formula (IV), the primary amino group in A ³ includes an aromatic amine residue such as aniline, and the non-cyclic secondary amino group is N- (monosubstituted) aniline or the like N- Includes residues of (monosubstituted) aromatic amines. Furthermore, onium salt residues of acyclic tertiary amines include residues of onium salts of N, N- (disubstituted) aromatic amines such as N, N- (disubstituted) aniline. Also. In the case of a cyclic secondary amino group or a cyclic tertiary amino group, (thio) ether can be included as a part of the ring. Divalent inactive hydrocarbon group out of R ^7, the R ⁸ and R ⁹ are as described for R ^1, R ² and R ³ in each of the general formula (II).
Examples of the hydrocarbyloxysilane compound represented by the general formula (IV) include 3-aminopropyltrimethoxysilane, 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane, hydroxymethyltrimethoxysilane, hydroxymethyltriethoxysilane, mercaptomethyltrimethoxy. Silane, mercaptomethyltriethoxysilane, aminophenyltrimethoxysilane, aminophenyltriethoxysilane, 3- (N-methylamino) propyltrimethoxysilane, 3- (N-methylamino) propyltriethoxysilane, octadecyldimethyl (3 -Trimethylsilylpropyl) ammonium chloride, octadecyldimethyl (3-triethylsilylpropyl) ammonium chloride, cyanomethyltrimethoxysilane, cyanomethyltrieth Shishiran, it can be exemplified sulfonyl methyltrimethoxysilane, sulfonyl methyltriethoxysilane, sulfinyl methyltrimethoxysilane, a sulfinyl methyl triethoxysilane.
This hydrocarbyloxysilane compound III may be used alone or in combination of two or more.
In the present invention, in the case of the above-mentioned method (2) in which the reaction is carried out with the remaining or newly added hydrocarbyloxysilane compound in the presence of a condensation accelerator, the polymer having an active end is first added to the reaction system. Reaction with a substantially stoichiometric amount of hydrocarbyloxysilane I to introduce a hydrocarbyloxysilyl group at substantially all of the ends (primary modification), and the hydrocarbyloxysilyl introduced above. By reacting a hydrocarbyloxyl group-containing compound with a group, more hydrocarbyloxysilane compound residues than the equivalent amount are introduced into the active terminal. For this reason, the method (2) is more preferable than the method (1) because a further effect can be obtained in low heat generation properties and workability.
In the present invention, when the hydrocarbyloxysilane compound is an alkoxysilyl compound, the condensation reaction between the alkoxysilyl groups in the above method (2) is carried out by free alkoxysilane (residual or newly added) and alkoxysilyl at the polymer end. It preferably occurs between the groups, and in some cases occurs between the alkoxysilyl groups at the end of the polymer, and the reaction between the free alkoxysilanes is unnecessary. Therefore, when an alkoxysilane compound is newly added, it is preferable from the viewpoint of efficiency that the hydrolyzability of the alkoxysilyl group does not exceed the hydrolyzability of the alkoxysilyl group at the end of the polymer. For example, alkoxysilane I uses a highly hydrolyzable trimethoxysilyl group-containing compound, and newly added alkoxysilane II contains an alkoxysilyl group (for example, triethoxysilyl group) that is less hydrolyzable than this. Combinations using compounds are preferred. Conversely, for example, it is within the scope of the present invention that alkoxysilane I contains a triethoxysilyl group and II contains a trimethoxysilyl group, but this is not preferable from the viewpoint of reaction efficiency.

<Modification reaction>
As the denaturation reaction in the present invention, either a solution reaction or a solid phase reaction can be used, but a solution reaction (a solution containing unreacted monomers used at the time of polymerization may be suitable). Moreover, there is no restriction | limiting in particular about the form of this modification | denaturation reaction, You may carry out using a batch type reactor, You may carry out by a continuous type using apparatuses, such as a multistage continuous type reactor and an in-line mixer. In addition, it is important to carry out the modification reaction after completion of the polymerization reaction and before performing various operations necessary for solvent removal treatment, water treatment, heat treatment, polymer isolation, and the like.
As the temperature of the modification reaction, the polymerization temperature of the conjugated diene rubber can be used as it is. Specifically, a preferable range is 20 to 100 ° C. If the temperature is low, the viscosity of the polymer tends to increase, and if the temperature is high, the polymerization active terminal tends to be deactivated.

  Next, in order to accelerate the secondary modification, it is preferably performed in the presence of a condensation accelerator. As this condensation accelerator, a combination of a metal compound generally known as a curing catalyst for alkoxy condensation curable room temperature crosslinking (RTV) silicone and water can be used. For example, a combination of tin carboxylate and / or titanium alkoxide and water can be preferably exemplified. There is no particular limitation on the method of charging the condensation accelerator into the reaction system. A solution of an organic solvent compatible with water such as alcohol may be used, or water may be directly injected, dispersed, or dissolved in the hydrocarbon solution using various chemical engineering techniques.

<Condensation accelerator>
The condensation accelerator is preferably composed of at least one selected from the group consisting of metal compounds represented by the following (1) to (3) and water.
(1) Tin oxide having 2 oxidations and carboxylate Sn (OCOR ¹⁰ ) ₂ having 3 to 30 carbon atoms
[Wherein, R ¹⁰ is an organic group having 2 to 19 carbon atoms, and when there are a plurality of them, they may be the same or different. ]
(2) Tin compound having an oxidation number of 4 satisfying the following general formula
R ¹¹ _r SnA ⁴ _t B ¹ _(4-tr)
[Wherein, r is an integer of 1 to 3, t is an integer of 1 or 2, and t + r is an integer of 3 or 4. R ¹¹ is an aliphatic hydrocarbon group having 1 to 30 carbon atoms, and B ¹ is a hydroxy group or a halogen. A ⁴ represents (a) a carboxyl group having 2 to 30 carbon atoms, (b) a 1,3-dicarbonyl-containing group having 5 to 30 carbon atoms, (c) a hydrocarbyloxy group having 3 to 30 carbon atoms, and (d ) A group selected from a siloxy group having a total of three substitutions (which may be the same or different) with a hydrocarbyl group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms and / or a hydrocarbyloxy group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, and there are a plurality of A ⁴ The cases may be the same or different. ]
(3) Titanium compound having an oxidation number of 4 that satisfies the following general formula: A ⁵ xTiB ² _(4-x)
[Wherein x is an integer of 2 or 4. A ⁵ is a siloxy group that is tri-substituted in total with (a) an alkoxy group having 3 to 30 carbon atoms, (b) an alkyl group having 1 to 30 carbon atoms and / or an alkoxy group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, it may be the same or different ^{if 5} there are multiple. B ² is a 1,3-dicarbonyl-containing group having 5 to 30 carbon atoms. ]

  Specific examples of the tin carboxylate include (1) a divalent tin dicarboxylate (particularly preferably a carboxylate having 8 to 20 carbon atoms) and (2) a tetravalent dihydrocarbyltin. Dicarboxylate [including bis (hydrocarbyl dicarboxylic acid) salt], bis (1,3-diketonate), alkoxy halide, monocarboxylate hydroxide, alkoxy (trihydrocarbyl siloxide), alkoxy (dihydrocarbyl alkoxysiloxide) ), Bis (trihydrocarbylsiloxide), bis (dihydrocarbylalkoxysiloxide) and the like can be suitably used. The hydrocarbyl group directly bonded to tin preferably has 4 or more carbon atoms, particularly preferably 4 to 8 carbon atoms.

Examples of the titanium compound include tetraalkoxides of titanium having an oxidation number of 4, dialkoxybis (1,3-diketonate), tetrakis (trihydrocarboxysiloxide), and tetraalkoxides are particularly preferably used. .
Water is preferably used in the form of a solution such as a simple substance or alcohol, or a dispersed micelle in a hydrocarbon solvent, and if necessary, in the reaction system such as adsorbed water on the solid surface or hydrated water of hydrate. Water that is potentially contained in a compound capable of releasing water can be used effectively.

These two forming the condensation accelerator may be charged separately into the reaction system or mixed immediately before use as a mixture, but long-term storage of the mixture is not preferable because it causes decomposition of the metal compound. .
The amount of the condensation accelerator used is preferably such that the molar ratio of the metal of the metal compound and the water effective for the reaction to the total amount of hydrocarbyloxysilyl groups present in the reaction system is 0.1 or more. Although the upper limit varies depending on the purpose and reaction conditions, it is preferable that effective water having a molar ratio of about 0.5 to 3 with respect to the total amount of hydrocarbyloxysilyl groups bonded to the polymer terminal in the stage before the condensation treatment is present. The molar ratio of the metal of the metal compound and water effective for the reaction varies depending on the required reaction conditions, but is preferably about 1 / 0.5 to 1/20.

Furthermore, in the present invention, after reacting the hydrocarbyloxysilane compound with the active terminal of the polymer, it is allowed to react with the addition of a condensation accelerator, and then further reacted with the carboxylic acid ester compound of the polyhydric alcohol. .
In the present invention, during this modification reaction, a known anti-aging agent or short stop agent can be added, if desired, in the step after introducing the hydrocarbyloxysilane compound residue into the active terminal of the polymer.
After the modification treatment as described above, a conventionally known post-treatment such as desolvation can be performed to obtain the desired modified polymer. Analysis of the polymer chain terminal modification group of this modified polymer can be performed using chromatography using a liquid such as high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) or thin layer chromatography, or nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (NMR). it can.

<Terminal modified conjugated diene rubber>
The molecular weight distribution (Mw / Mn) of the polymer isolated before modification of the terminal-modified conjugated diene rubber is more preferably 1.5 to 3.5, 1.5 to 2, and 6. The Mooney viscosity (ML1 + 4, 100 ° C.) at 100 ° C. is 10 to 150, more preferably 15 to 70.
The cis-1,4-bond content in the conjugated diene portion of the main chain is desirably 75 mol% or more, more preferably 90 mol% or more, and the vinyl bond content is desirably low. The polybutadiene rubber is preferably 5 mol% or less, more preferably 1.0 mol% or less, and the monomer constituting the conjugated diene rubber is substantially composed only of 1,3-butadiene. The proportion of the component (G) in the rubber component (A) is preferably in the range of 10 to 90% by mass, more preferably 30 to 70% by mass.
The modified polymer modified with the above modifier and condensation accelerator by setting the various properties and blending amount of the conjugated diene rubber before unmodified in the above range has excellent workability, It is possible to obtain a rubber composition that enhances the reinforcing property with the filler, maintains DRY performance, and has excellent on-ice performance from extremely low temperatures to around 0 ° C.

<(H) component: halogenated butyl rubber>
Further, halogenated butyl rubber (H) can be used as at least one kind of synthetic conjugated diene rubber constituting the rubber component (A). The proportion of the component (H) in the rubber component (A) is preferably in the range of 10 to 90% by mass, more preferably
It is 15-50 mass%. By setting the blending amount of the component (H) within the above range, the performance on ice can be maintained and the wear resistance and DRY steering stability can be improved. When the component (H) is used, the wet skid resistance is further improved. Can be improved and rolling resistance can be reduced.
Among the butyl rubbers, the halogenated butyl rubber as the component (H) is preferably a halogenated butyl rubber because it has a high vulcanization rate and is excellent in heat resistance, adhesiveness, and compatibility with other unsaturated rubbers. Examples of the halogenated butyl rubber include chlorinated butyl rubber, brominated butyl rubber, and modified rubber thereof. For example, there is “Enjay Butyl HT10-66” (trademark, manufactured by Enjay Chemical Co., Ltd.) as a chlorinated butyl rubber, and “bromobutyl 2255” (trademark, manufactured by Exxon Corp.) as a brominated butyl rubber. Further, a chlorinated or brominated modified copolymer of a copolymer of isomonoolefin and paramethylstyrene can be used as the modified rubber, and is available as, for example, “Expro 50” (trademark, manufactured by Exxon). . As the halogenated butyl rubber, a chlorinated or brominated modified copolymer of a copolymer of isomonoolefin and paramethylstyrene is preferable.
These rubber components, natural rubber, polybutadiene rubber, terminal-modified polybutadiene rubber, and halogenated butyl rubber, can be used in appropriate combination as required.
Further, a low styrene-butadiene rubber having a low styrene content can be used as the rubber component having a glass transition temperature of −60 ° C. or lower.

<Filler>
In the pneumatic tire of the present invention, it is necessary to control the surface roughness (Ra75) of the tread surface after running on a paved road and the length of all sipes per contact area of the tread surface in order to obtain excellent on-ice performance. Thus, the wear resistance in a state where a micro water channel is formed on the tread surface is inferior to that having a normal tread surface. Therefore, in order to ensure the wear resistance, a filler having a fine particle size and high reinforcement such as carbon black (B) or silica (C) is necessary. In order to facilitate the formation of the micro water channel on the tread surface. It is preferable to add an inorganic filler (D) other than silica and a non-reinforcing organic filler (E).

<Reinforcing filler: (component B) carbon black>
As long as carbon black improves the mechanical performance of the rubber layer and improves processability, the range of I ₂ adsorption amount, CTAB adsorption specific surface area, N ₂ adsorption specific surface area, DBP adsorption amount, etc. is selected as appropriate. The known carbon black can be used. As the type of carbon black, for example, known ones such as SAF, ISAF-LS, HAF, HAF-HS can be appropriately selected and used. In view of wear resistance, ISAF and SAF grade carbon blacks are preferred, and the nitrogen adsorption specific surface area is 120 m ² / g or more, for example, SAF grade carbon black is more preferred, and the nitrogen adsorption specific surface area is 120 to 160 m ² / g. Carbon black is particularly preferred.
In particular, in the tread rubber composition used in the present invention, it is preferable to contain 2-90 parts by mass of carbon black, and more preferably 10-60 parts by mass with respect to 100 parts by mass of the rubber component (A).

<Reinforcing filler: (C component) silica>
In addition, silica of component C does not indicate only silicon dioxide in a narrow sense, but means a silicic acid-based filler. Specifically, in addition to silicic anhydride, hydrous silicic acid (wet silica), silicic acid Contains silicates such as calcium and aluminum silicate.
Carbon black as component (B), silica as component (C), inorganic filler other than silica as component (D), and non-reinforcing filler as component (E) included in the reinforcing filler contained in the tread rubber composition It is preferable that the ratio for which a silica (C) accounts is 30-30 mass% among the total amount of fillers which consist of this organic filler. As a result, excellent on-ice performance and WET performance can be obtained. In particular, when emphasizing WET performance, it is preferable to increase the blending ratio of silica.
In addition to the above performance as a tread rubber, in order to obtain wear resistance, the nitrogen adsorption specific surface area (N ₂ SA) of silica (C) is 120 to 220 m ² / g, and the CTAB adsorption specific surface area is 130 to Preference is given to finely divided wet silica of 170 m ² / g.
The content of silica is 5 to 95 parts by mass, preferably 15 to 80 parts by mass with respect to 100 parts by mass of the rubber component (A). By setting the silica content in the above range, excellent on-ice performance and WET performance can be obtained as described above.

Moreover, in this invention, when using the silica of (C) component as a reinforcing filler, it is preferable to add a silane coupling agent at the time of mix | blending from a viewpoint of improving a reinforcing property and a dispersibility further. Examples of the silane coupling agent include bis (3-triethoxysilylpropyl) tetrasulfide, bis (3-triethoxysilylpropyl) trisulfide, bis (3-triethoxysilylpropyl) disulfide, and bis (2-triethoxysilyl). Ethyl) tetrasulfide, bis (3-trimethoxysilylpropyl) tetrasulfide, bis (2-trimethoxysilylethyl) tetrasulfide, 3-mercaptopropyltrimethoxysilane, 3-mercaptopropyltriethoxysilane, 2-mercaptoethyltri Methoxysilane, 2-mercaptoethyltriethoxysilane, 3-trimethoxysilylpropyl-N, N-dimethylthiocarbamoyl tetrasulfide, 3-triethoxysilylpropyl-N, N-dimethylthiocarbamoyl tetrasulfide, 2-triethoxysilyl Ethyl-N, N-dimethylthiocarbamoyl tetrasulfide, 3-trimethoxysilylpropylbenzothiazole tetrasulfide, 3-triethoxysilylpropylbenzothiazole tetrasulfide, 3-triethoxysilylpropyl methacrylate monosulfide, 3-trimethoxysilylpropyl Methacrylate monosulfide, bis (3-diethoxymethylsilylpropyl) tetrasulfide, 3-mercaptopropyldimethoxymethylsilane, dimethoxymethylsilylpropyl-N, N-dimethylthiocarbamoyl tetrasulfide, dimethoxymethylsilylpropylbenzothiazole tetrasulfide, etc. Among these, bis (3-triethoxysilylpropyl) tetrasulfide and 3-trimethoxysilyl from the viewpoint of reinforcing effect Propyl benzothiazole tetrasulfide are preferable. These silane coupling agents may be used alone or in combination of two or more.
In addition, it is preferable to add the compounding quantity of a silane coupling agent in the ratio of 4-15 mass% with respect to the compounding quantity of the silica of the said (C) component.

<Other fillers>
Furthermore, it is preferable that 3-50 mass parts of inorganic fillers (D) and / or non-reinforcing organic fillers (E) other than silica (C) are included with respect to 100 mass parts of the rubber component (A). The average particle size in the rubber composition of the inorganic filler (D) or the non-reinforcing organic filler (E) is the above-mentioned due to the (D) component or (E) component being detached from the tread during running of the tire. Is preferably 0.1 to 100 μm, more preferably 1 to 90 μm, in order to facilitate the formation of the micro water channel on the tread surface.

<(D component) inorganic filler other than silica>
The inorganic filler of component (D) is represented by the following general formula (I)
M ・ xSiO ₂・ yH ₂ O ………… (I)
[M in the formula is at least one metal oxide or metal hydroxide selected from Al, Mg, Ti, and Ca, and x and y are both integers of 0 to 10. The average particle size is preferably 100 μm or less. When the x and y are both 0, the inorganic compound powder represented by the general formula (I) is at least one metal oxide or metal hydroxide selected from Al, Mg, Ti, and Ca. Become.
Specific examples of the inorganic compound represented by the general formula (I) include alumina (Al ₂ O ₃ ), magnesium hydroxide (Mg (OH) ₂ ), magnesium oxide (MgO ₂ ), and titanium white (TiO ₂ ). titanium black (TiO _2n-1), talc _{(3MgO · 4SiO 2 · H 2} O), attapulgite _{(5MgO · 8SiO 2 · 9H 2} O) and the like. In addition, magnesium calcium silicate (CaMgSiO ₄ ) and magnesium silicate (MgSiO ₃ ) also exhibit the same effects as the inorganic compound of the present invention.

Moreover, it is preferable that the said general formula (I) is an inorganic compound or aluminum hydroxide represented by the following general formula (V).
Al ₂ O ₃ .mSiO ₂ .nH ₂ O (V)
M in the formula (V) is an integer of 1 to 4, and n is an integer of 0 to 4.
Specific examples of the inorganic compound represented by the general formula (V) include clay (Al ₂ O ₃ .2SiO ₂ ), kaolin (Al ₂ O ₃ .2SiO ₂ .2H ₂ O), pyrophyllite (Al ₂ O ₃ · 4SiO ₂ · H ₂ O), bentonite (Al ₂ O ₃ · 4SiO ₂ · 2H ₂ O) and the like. In addition, the aluminum hydroxide used in the present invention includes alumina hydrate.

The component (D) has an average particle size of 100 μm or less, preferably 1 to 90 μm. By using the component (D) having a large average particle diameter as described above as compared with the reinforcing filler, particularly excellent WET performance and on-ice performance of the rubber composition can be obtained. The component (D) having a large particle size is detached from the composition during running of the tire to form a large space. For example, the closed cells of the foamed rubber layer and the space can be combined to secure a further micro water channel, and the performance on ice is improved.
Preferred components (B) used in the present invention are clay (Al ₂ O ₃ .2SiO ₂ ), aluminum hydroxide [Al (OH) ₃ ], and alumina (Al ₂ O ₃ ). Moreover, the (B) component which has the said characteristic used by this invention can be used individually or in mixture of 2 or more. Of these, aluminum hydroxide [Al (OH) ₃ ] is particularly preferable.
Note that inorganic compound powders that do not satisfy the above conditions, for example, other structures such as sulfides, sulfates, and carbonates selected from Al, Mg, Ti, and Ca are not effective in improving wet skid performance.

<Non-reinforcing filler; (E component) organic filler>
Examples of the non-reinforcing organic filler of component (E) include wood filler, fruit shell powder, cellulose-based organic filler, (meth) acrylic resin fine particles, epoxy resin fine particles, and the like.

<Foamed rubber composition>
The present invention mainly relates to a tread using an unfoamed rubber composition, but it is also effective for a combination with foamed rubber which is a conventional technique. Examples of the foamed rubber composition include a mixture of spherical closed cells in which a foaming agent is blended, spherical closed cells in which a foaming agent is combined with organic short fibers and / or fine particle-containing organic short fibers, and cylindrical foam.
The foamed rubber composition is preferably used as a tread rubber having a foamed layer substantially in contact with the road surface. The foamed rubber layer has a foaming ratio in the range of 3 to 50%, more preferably 15 to 40%. By setting the foaming rate within the above range, excellent on-ice performance can be ensured by maintaining wear resistance and DRY performance and securing the volume of the recess in the tread.

<Physical properties of vulcanized rubber of rubber composition>
The rubber composition according to the present invention preferably has a storage elastic modulus (E ′) at −20 ° C. of 5 to 40 MPa as a vulcanized rubber property. More preferably, it is 5-35 MPa. By setting the storage elastic modulus (E ′) at −20 ° C. within the above range, the excellent effect of the present invention can be achieved.

[Pneumatic tire]
The pneumatic tire having the tread obtained by the composition described in detail above has the rigidity part of the tread rubber related to the performance on ice and the other performance ensured by the characteristics of the rubber constituting the composition. The surface roughness obtained by running is ensured by the above-mentioned various additives, for example, the inorganic filler which is the component (D) having a large particle size, which is characteristic that cannot be obtained only by conventional foamed rubber. In spite of being a non-foamed composition, it is possible to obtain performance on ice superior to conventional foamed rubber.
Thus, in a state where a micro water channel is formed on the surface, the wear resistance is in a disadvantageous direction compared to a normal rubber composition, and it is necessary to use it together with a fine reinforcing filler. At the same time, in order to improve the performance on ice, water is discharged from the micro channel, and the effect becomes remarkable by combining with the pattern in which the sipe enters the nectar.
The pneumatic tire can be manufactured by a conventional method using the tread rubber composition described in detail.
The tire according to the present invention can be suitably applied not only to so-called passenger cars but also to various vehicles such as trucks and buses. The tire tread can be suitably used for structures that need to prevent slipping on snowy and snowy road surfaces. For example, a tread for renewal tire replacement can be used as long as it is necessary to suppress slipping on the ice. Can be used for real tires, etc. When the tire is a pneumatic tire, an inert gas such as nitrogen can be used in addition to air as the gas filled inside.
As other components used in the present invention, various compounding agents and the like usually used in the rubber industry can be appropriately selected and used according to the purpose. These may be used individually by 1 type and may use 2 or more types together.

  EXAMPLES Next, although an Example demonstrates this invention further in detail, this invention is not limited at all by these examples. Various measurements and evaluation methods were performed based on the following methods.

[Production Example 1 of terminal-modified butadiene]
<Preparation of catalyst>
In a glass bottle with a rubber brace volume of 100 ml, dried and nitrogen-substituted, in the following order, 7.11 g of cyclohexane solution of butadiene (15.2 wt%), cyclohexane solution of neodymium neodecanoate (0.56M) ) 0.59 ml, a toluene solution of methylaluminoxane MAO (PMAO manufactured by Toso-Akzo) (aluminum concentration: 3.23 M) 10.32 ml, a hexane solution of diisobutylaluminum hydride (manufactured by Kanto Chemical) (0.90 M) 7.77 ml was added, and after aging for 2 minutes at room temperature, 1.45 ml of a hexane solution (0.95M) of chlorinated diethylaluminum (manufactured by Kanto Chemical) was added and aged for 15 minutes with occasional stirring at room temperature. . The concentration of neodymium in the catalyst solution thus obtained was 0.011 M (mol / liter).

<Production of polymer intermediate>
A glass bottle with a rubber stopper with a volume of about 900 milliliters was dried and purged with nitrogen, and a dry-purified butadiene cyclohexane solution and a dry cyclohexane were respectively added, so that 400 g of a 12.5 mass% cyclohexane solution of butadiene was charged. . Next, 2.28 ml of the catalyst solution prepared above (0.025 mmol in terms of neodymium) was added, and polymerization was performed in a 50 ° C. hot water bath for 1.0 hour.

<Primary modification treatment>
As the primary modifier, 3-glycidoxypropyltrimethoxysilane (GPMOS) as a hexane solution (1.0 M) was added at 23.5 mmol and treated at 50 ° C. for 60 minutes.
<Secondary modification treatment>
Subsequently, N- (3-triethoxysilylpropyl) -4,5 dihydroimidazole (TEOSIPDI) (secondary modifier) was added as a hexane solution (1.0 M), and 23.5 mmol was charged at 50 ° C. After stirring for 30 minutes, 1.76 ml (equivalent to 70.5 eq / Nd) of bis (2-ethylhexanoate) tin in cyclohexane (1.01 M) as a condensation accelerator and 32 ul of ion-exchanged water ( 70.55 eq / Nd equivalent) was added and treated in a warm water bath at 50 ° C. for 1.0 hour. Thereafter, the reaction was stopped by adding 2 ml of a 5% by weight isopropanol solution of the antioxidant 2,2′-methylene-bis (4-ethyl-6-tert-butylphenol) (NS-5) to the polymerization system, and Reprecipitation was performed in isopropanol containing a small amount of NS-5, and drum-dried to obtain a terminal-modified polybutadiene rubber.
The polymer had a cis-1,4-bond content of 94 mol%, a vinyl bond content of 1.0 mol%, a molecular weight distribution Mw / Mn of 1.85, and a Mooney viscosity (ML _{1 + 4} , 100 ° C. ) Was 48.

Examples 1 to 17 and Comparative Example 1
The rubber compositions of Examples 1 to 17 and Comparative Example 1 were produced by a conventional method based on the contents shown in Table 1.
Each rubber composition thus obtained was used in a tread to produce a test passenger car radial tire and tire size 185 / 70R15 by a conventional method.

[Physical properties of carbon black and silica]
<Nitrogen adsorption specific surface area of carbon black (N ₂ SA)>
Measured based on JIS K6217-2: 2001.
<Nitrogen adsorption specific surface area of silica (N ₂ SA)>
Measured based on ISO 5794/1.
<CTAB adsorption specific surface area of silica>
Measured according to JIS K6217-3: 2001.

[Physical properties of unmodified or modified conjugated diene polymer]
<Microstructure analysis method>
The vinyl bond content (mol%) was measured by an infrared method (Morero method).
<Measurement of Number Average Molecular Weight (Mn), Weight Average Molecular Weight (Mw) and Molecular Weight Distribution (Mw / Mn)>
It measured using GPC [the Tosoh make, HLC-8020] using the refractometer as a detector, and showed it by polystyrene conversion which used the monodisperse polystyrene as the standard. The column is GMHXL [manufactured by Tosoh], and the eluent is tetrahydrofuran.

[Evaluation of tire tread rubber properties]
<Measurement of storage elastic modulus (E ′) at −20 ° C.>
The storage elastic modulus (E ′) at −20 ° C. was measured from temperature dispersion of a vulcanized rubber sample cut out from a tire tread under the measurement conditions of an initial strain of 160 μm, a frequency of 52 Hz, and a 1% strain using a spectrometer of Ueshima Seisakusho. The measurement results are shown in Table 1.

[Evaluation of surface shape of running tire]
<Measurement of cutting level difference (Rδc)>
Based on the provisions of JIS B0671-1, the surface shape of the tire after traveling 3000 km on a paved road using an ultra-deep color 3D shape measuring microscope (manufactured by Keyence Corporation, trade name “VK-9500”, using 408 nm violet laser). The measurement range was 1.3 mm wide × 1.4 mm long. The filter setting was a cutoff value (λs = 0.8 μm, λc was not present).
As a typical pavement traveling on a pavement of 3000 km, concrete pavement and asphalt can be mentioned. Asphalt was used. The measurement results are shown in Table 1.
<Measurement of total sipe length per 1 cm ² of contact area on tread surface>
Ten samples of 1 cm ² were collected at random from the tread surface after traveling on the paved road 3000 km, and the total sipe lengths were measured. The measurement results are shown in Table 1.

[Tire performance evaluation]
<Performance on ice>
Four of the test tires (tire size 185 / 70R15) were mounted on a domestic 1600 CC class passenger car, and the braking performance on ice at an ice temperature of −1 ° C. was confirmed.
Performance on ice = (braking distance of tire of comparative example 1 / braking distance of tire of example) × 100
Larger values indicate better performance on ice. The evaluation results are shown in Table 1.

<DRY steering stability (driving stability on dry road)>
Steering stability on a dry road surface was evaluated by a five-point method using a test driver feeling. It shows that it is excellent in DRY steering stability, so that a numerical value becomes large.
<Abrasion resistance>
After traveling 10,000 km on a paved road surface with an actual vehicle, the remaining groove is measured, and the travel distance required for the tread to wear 1 mm is relatively compared. displayed.
Wear resistance performance = (travel distance required for 1 mm of tire tread to be worn / travel distance required for 1 mm of tire tread of Comparative Example 1) × 100
The larger the index, the better the wear resistance. The evaluation results are shown in Table 1.

［注］
＊１．シス−１，４−ポリブタジエンゴム：（商品名「ＵＢＥＰＯＬ １５０Ｌ」、宇部興産社製、シス−１，４−結合の含量：９８モル％、ムーニー粘度（ＭＬ₁₊₄、１００℃）：４３）
＊２．末端変性ブタジエンの製造例１によって製造されたものを用いた
＊３．カーボンブラック：（ＨＡＦ：東海カーボン社製、Ｎ₂ＳＡ：７９ｍ²／ｇ）
＊４．カーボンブラック：（ＩＳＡＦ：東海カーボン社製、Ｎ₂ＳＡ：１１８ｍ²／ｇ）
＊５．カーボンブラック：（［Ｎ１３４（Ｎ₂ＳＡ：１４６ｍ²／ｇ）］：旭カーボン社製）
＊６．シリカ：（Ｎｉｐｓｉｌ ＡＱ：東・ソーシリカ社製、窒素吸着比表面積（Ｎ₂ＳＡ）：１９０ｍ²／ｇ、ＣＴＡＢ吸着比表面積：１５０ｍ²／ｇ）
＊７．シランカップリング剤：商品名「Ｓｉ６９」、デグッサ社製
＊８．ハイジライト：商品名「Ｈ−１００−ＭＥ」、平均粒径７３μｍ、昭和電工社製
＊９．老化防止剤：（Ｎ−イソプロピル−Ｎ’−フェニル−ｐ−フェニレンジアミン
＊１０．加硫促進剤：（ＭＢＴＳ：ジベンゾチアジルジスルフィド）
＊１１．加硫促進剤：（ＣＢＳ：Ｎ−シクロヘキシル−２−ベンゾチアジル−スルフェンアミド）
＊１２．発泡剤：（ＤＮＰＴ：ジニトロソペンタメチレンテトラミン）
＊１３．微粒子含有有機繊維：繊維を構成する樹脂（ポリエチレン融点１３２℃）、微粒子含有量１５質量％、微粒子平均粒径２０μｍ、繊維平均直径３２μｍ、繊維平均長さ２ｍｍ

[note]
* 1. Cis-1,4-polybutadiene rubber: (trade name “UBEPOL 150L”, manufactured by Ube Industries, Ltd., cis-1,4-bond content: 98 mol%, Mooney viscosity (ML _{1 + 4} , 100 ° C.): 43)
* 2. Using terminal-modified butadiene produced in Production Example 1 * 3. Carbon black: (HAF: manufactured by Tokai Carbon Co., N ₂ SA: 79 m ² / g)
* 4. Carbon black: (ISAF: manufactured by Tokai Carbon Co., Ltd., N ₂ SA: 118 m ² / g)
* 5. Carbon black: ([N134 (N ₂ SA: 146 m ² / g)]: manufactured by Asahi Carbon Co., Ltd.)
* 6. Silica: (Nipsil AQ: manufactured by Tosoh Silica Corporation, nitrogen adsorption specific surface area (N ₂ SA): 190 m ² / g, CTAB adsorption specific surface area: 150 m ² / g)
* 7. Silane coupling agent: Trade name “Si69”, manufactured by Degussa * 8. Hydrite: trade name “H-100-ME”, average particle size 73 μm, manufactured by Showa Denko KK * 9. Anti-aging agent: (N-isopropyl-N′-phenyl-p-phenylenediamine * 10. Vulcanization accelerator: (MBTS: dibenzothiazyl disulfide)
* 11. Vulcanization accelerator: (CBS: N-cyclohexyl-2-benzothiazyl-sulfenamide)
* 12. Foaming agent: (DNPT: dinitrosopentamethylenetetramine)
* 13. Fine particle-containing organic fiber: resin constituting the fiber (polyethylene melting point 132 ° C.), fine particle content 15% by mass, fine particle average particle diameter 20 μm, fiber average diameter 32 μm, fiber average length 2 mm

  As is clear from Table 1, the pneumatic tires of Examples 1 to 17 suppress the decrease in DRY performance on the dry road surface and maintain the wear resistance as compared with the pneumatic tire of Comparative Example 1. However, on-ice performance on ice and snow roads has been dramatically improved.

  By controlling the roughness of the tread surface after traveling, the present invention can suppress a decrease in DRY performance on a dry road surface, maintain wear resistance, and exhibit excellent on-ice performance on an icy and snowy road surface. Therefore, it is suitably used as pneumatic tires for various winter seasons such as passenger cars, light vehicles, light trucks, trucks and buses.

Claims (21)

The cutting level difference (Rδc) at 25 to 75% of Rmr (c) of the surface roughness curve of the tread grounded to the road surface measured based on the provisions of JIS B0671-1 after traveling on the paved road 3000 km is 10 to 80 μm. And the total sipe length per 1 cm ² of the contact area on the tread surface is 0.1 to 0.4 cm. Carbon black (B) in which the rubber component (A) of the tread rubber composition constituting the tread is composed of natural rubber and / or synthetic conjugated diene rubber, and has a nitrogen adsorption specific surface area (N ₂ SA) of 120 m ² / g or more. The pneumatic tire according to claim 1, comprising 2 to 90 parts by mass per 100 parts by mass of the rubber component (A).   The pneumatic tire according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the proportion of silica (C) in the total amount of filler contained in the tread rubber composition is 30 to 100% by mass. 4. The nitrogen adsorption specific surface area (N ₂ SA) of the silica (C) is 120 to 220 m ² / g, and the CTAB adsorption specific surface area is 130 to 170 m ² / g. Pneumatic tire.   The rubber component (A) of 3 to 50 parts by mass of an inorganic filler (D) other than silica (C) and / or a non-reinforcing organic filler (E) with respect to 100 parts by mass of the rubber component (A). The pneumatic tire according to any one of the above.   The pneumatic tire according to claim 5, wherein an average particle diameter of the inorganic filler (D) or the non-reinforcing organic filler (E) in the rubber composition is 0.1 to 100 µm. The inorganic filler (D) is represented by the following general formula (I)
M ・ xSiO ₂・ yH ₂ O ………… (I)
[M in the formula is at least one metal oxide or metal hydroxide selected from Al, Mg, Ti, and Ca, and x and y are both integers of 0 to 10. ]
The pneumatic tire according to claim 5 or 6, wherein the average particle size represented by the formula is 100 µm or less.   The at least one synthetic conjugated diene rubber constituting the rubber component (A) is a polybutadiene rubber (F) having a cis-1,4 bond content of 90 mol% or more. Pneumatic tires.   The pneumatic tire according to claim 8, wherein a proportion of the component (F) in the rubber component (A) is 10 to 90% by mass. At least one synthetic conjugated diene rubber composing the rubber component (A) is obtained by polymerizing a conjugated diene monomer mainly composed of 1,3-butadiene, and cis-1,4 in the conjugated diene portion of the main chain. -The content of the bond is 75 mol% or more, the active terminal of the conjugated diene copolymer having an active terminal, hydrocarbyloxysilane compound I represented by the following general formula (II) and / or a partial condensate thereof: The pneumatic tire according to any one of claims 1 to 9, wherein the pneumatic tire is a terminal-modified conjugated diene rubber (G) produced by a method including a step of reacting a rubber.

[In the formula, A ¹ is epoxy group, thioepoxy group, isocyanate group, thioisocyanate group, ketone group, thioketone group, aldehyde group, thioaldehyde group, imine residue, amide group, isocyanuric acid trihydrocarbyl ester residue, carboxylic acid A monovalent group having at least one functional group selected from an ester residue, a thiocarboxylic acid ester residue, a carboxylic acid anhydride residue, a carboxylic acid halide residue, and a carbonic acid dihydrocarbyl ester residue; R ¹ is a single bond; Or R ² and R ³ are each independently a monovalent aliphatic hydrocarbon group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms or a monovalent aromatic hydrocarbon group having 6 to 18 carbon atoms. represents a group, n is an integer from 0 to 2, if the OR ³ there are a plurality, the plurality of OR ³ may be the same or different, and in the molecule active pro Emissions and onium salt are not included. ]   The terminal-modified conjugated diene rubber (G) is added with a condensation accelerator after the primary modification in which the hydrocarbyloxysilane compound I is reacted, and the introduced hydrocarbyloxysilane compound residue and unreacted hydrocarbyloxysilane The pneumatic tire according to claim 10, wherein the pneumatic tire is produced by a method including a secondary modification step (a) for performing a condensation reaction with a compound.   After the primary modification in which the terminal-modified conjugated diene rubber (G) is reacted with the hydrocarbyloxysilane compound I and / or a partial condensate thereof, a hydrocarbyloxysilane compound is further added and reacted in the presence of a condensation accelerator. The pneumatic tire according to claim 11, wherein the pneumatic tire is manufactured by a method including the step (b) of performing secondary modification. The terminal-modified conjugated diene rubber (G) is a hydrocarbyloxysilane compound I represented by the general formula (II) and / or a partial condensation thereof as the hydrocarbyloxysilane compound used in the second modification step (b). Compound, hydrocarbyloxysilane compound II represented by the following general formula (III) and / or a partial condensate thereof, and hydrocarbyloxysilane compound III represented by the following general formula (IV) and / or a partial condensate thereof The pneumatic tire according to claim 12, wherein the pneumatic tire is manufactured using at least one selected from the group consisting of:

[Wherein A ² represents a cyclic tertiary amino group, an acyclic tertiary amino group, a pyridine residue, a sulfide group, a multisulfide group, a nitrile group, an onium salt residue of a cyclic tertiary amine, or an acyclic tertiary amine. An onium salt residue, a group having an allyl or benzyl Sn bond, a monovalent group having at least one functional group selected from a sulfonyl group, a sulfinyl group and a nitrile group, R ⁴ is a single bond or a divalent inert carbon Hydrogen group, R ⁵ and R ⁶ each independently represents a monovalent aliphatic hydrocarbon group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms or a monovalent aromatic hydrocarbon group having 6 to 18 carbon atoms, and m is from 0 to 2 of an integer, if OR ⁶ there are plural, a plurality of OR ⁶ may be the same or different. ]

[Wherein A ³ is a hydroxy group, a thiol group, a primary amino group, an onium salt residue of a primary amine, a cyclic secondary amino group, an onium salt residue of a cyclic secondary amine, or an acyclic secondary amino group And a monovalent group having at least one functional group selected from onium salt residues of acyclic secondary amines, R ⁷ is a single bond or a divalent inert hydrocarbon group, and R ⁸ and R ⁹ are each independently Represents a monovalent aliphatic hydrocarbon group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms or a monovalent aromatic hydrocarbon group having 6 to 18 carbon atoms, q is an integer of 0 to 2, and a plurality of OR ⁹ are present, The plurality of OR ⁹ may be the same or different. ] The terminal-modified conjugated diene rubber (G) was produced using at least one selected from the group consisting of metal compounds represented by the following (1) to (3) and water as the condensation accelerator. The pneumatic tire according to claim 10, which is a tire.
(1) Tin oxide having 2 oxidations and carboxylate Sn (OCOR ¹⁰ ) ₂ having 3 to 30 carbon atoms
[Wherein, R ¹⁰ is an organic group having 2 to 19 carbon atoms, and when there are a plurality of them, they may be the same or different. ]
(2) A tin compound having an oxidation number of 4 that satisfies the following general formula: R ¹¹ _r SnA ⁴ _t B ¹ _(4-tr)
[Wherein, r is an integer of 1 to 3, t is an integer of 1 or 2, and t + r is an integer of 3 or 4. R ¹¹ is an aliphatic hydrocarbon group having 1 to 30 carbon atoms, and B ¹ is a hydroxy group or a halogen. A ⁴ represents (a) a carboxyl group having 2 to 30 carbon atoms, (b) a 1,3-dicarbonyl-containing group having 5 to 30 carbon atoms, (c) a hydrocarbyloxy group having 3 to 30 carbon atoms, and (d ) A group selected from a siloxy group having a total of three substitutions (which may be the same or different) with a hydrocarbyl group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms and / or a hydrocarbyloxy group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, and there are a plurality of A ⁴ The cases may be the same or different. ]
(3) Titanium compound having an oxidation number of 4 and satisfying the following general formula A ⁵ _x TiB ² _(4-x)
[Wherein x is an integer of 2 or 4. A ⁵ is (e) a hydrocarbyloxy group having 3 to 30 carbon atoms, (f) a siloxy group having a total of three substitutions with an alkyl group having 1 to 30 carbon atoms and / or a hydrocarbyloxy group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, When there are a plurality of A ^{5 s,} they may be the same or different. B ² is a 1,3-dicarbonyl-containing group having 5 to 30 carbon atoms. ] Using a polymerization catalyst in which the conjugated diene rubber (G) having an active end is combined with at least one compound selected from each of the following elements (i), (ii), and (iii): The pneumatic tire according to any one of claims 10 to 14, which is produced by polymerizing a conjugated diene monomer mainly composed of butadiene.
(I) component; a rare earth element-containing compound corresponding to atomic numbers 57 to 71 in the periodic table, or a reaction product of these compounds and a Lewis base (ii) component; alumoxane and / or AlR ¹² R ¹³ R ¹⁴ (wherein , R ¹² and R ¹³ are the same or different and are a hydrocarbon group or hydrogen atom having 1 to 10 carbon atoms, R ¹⁴ is a hydrocarbon group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms, provided that R ¹⁴ is R ¹² or R ¹³ above. An organoaluminum compound (iii) component corresponding to (which may be the same as or different from), an organic compound containing a Lewis acid, a complex compound of a metal halide and a Lewis base, and an active halogen   The pneumatic tire according to any one of claims 10 to 15, wherein the conjugated diene rubber (G) having an active terminal is a terminal-modified polybutadiene rubber having a cis-1,4 bond content of 90 mol% or more.   The pneumatic tire according to claim 16, wherein the proportion of the component (G) in the rubber component (A) is 10 to 90% by mass.   The pneumatic tire according to any one of claims 1 to 17, wherein at least one of the synthetic conjugated diene rubbers constituting the rubber component (A) is a halogenated butyl rubber (H).   The pneumatic tire according to claim 18, wherein the proportion of the component (H) in the rubber component (A) is 10 to 90% by mass.   The pneumatic tire according to any one of claims 1 to 19, wherein the tread rubber composition has a storage elastic modulus (E ') at -20 ° C of 5 to 40 MPa.   The pneumatic tire according to any one of claims 1 to 20, wherein foamed rubber is used for a surface substantially in contact with the road surface of the tread portion.