JP2009545295A - RF power transmission network and method - Google Patents

Abstract

An RF power transmission network is disclosed.
The network includes at least one RF power transmitter, at least one power tapping component, and at least one load. The at least one RF power transmitter, the at least one power tapping component, and the at least one load are connected in series. The RF power transmitter sends power over the network. Power is radiated from the network to be received by a device that will be charged, recharged, or directly powered.
[Selection] Figure 1

Description

[0001] The present invention relates to a serial radio frequency (RF) power transmission network.

[0002] As processor capabilities are expanded and power requirements are reduced, the number of devices that operate completely independent of wiring or power cords continues to increase rapidly. These “untered” devices range from cell phones and wireless keyboards to building sensors and active radio frequency identification (RFID) tags.

[0003] Engineers and designers of these unconnected devices must continue to address the limitations of portable power sources, primarily using batteries as the primary design parameter. While the performance of processors and portable devices doubles every 18-24 months (according to Moore's Law), battery technology for capacity is only improving by 6% annually.

[0004] Even with power-aware designs and even the latest battery technology, many devices have lifetime costs for applications that require a large number of disconnected devices, such as logistics and building automation. And does not meet maintenance requirements. Current devices that require bi-directional communication require scheduled maintenance every 3 to 18 months to replace or recharge the device's power supply (usually a battery). Unidirectional devices that simply broadcast their status without receiving any signal, such as automated utility meter readers, have longer battery life that typically requires replacement within 10 years. For both device types, scheduled power maintenance is expensive and can destroy the entire system that the device is intended to monitor and / or control. Unscheduled maintenance failures are more expensive and disruptive. At the macro level, the relatively high costs associated with internal batteries also reduce the practical or economically profitable number of deployable devices.

[0005] An ideal solution to the power problem for unconnected devices is a device or system that can collect and utilize sufficient energy from the environment. The energy utilized will then power the disconnected device directly or increase the power supply. However, the implementation of this ideal solution is not always practical due to the low energy in the environment and field constraints that limit the ability to use a dedicated energy supply.

[0006] In view of these factors, there is a need for a system that provides a solution for both ideal situations and more restrictive environments.

[0007] Previous inventions, for example, are both named “Power Transmission Network” and are hereby incorporated by reference into US Provisional Patent Applications Nos. 60 / 683,991 and 60/763. Emphasis was placed on parallel networks for power distribution, such as 582. In many applications utilizing this technology, these inventions have not explored series networks because losses from transmission lines, series switches, directional couplers (DC), and connectors are unacceptable. However, a small network with a coaxial cable infrastructure, such as a desk area, or a small or new low-loss coaxial cable infrastructure in a building to distribute RF power. In applications such as large scale networks, these losses may be acceptable or minimal.

[0008] An object of the present invention is to provide a series RF power network, where the RF power network is used to charge or recharge the device or to supply power directly to the device. It is preferably implemented as part of a system that supplies RF power.

[0009] Serial networks have several advantages over parallel networks in certain applications. As an example, the amount of transmission lines can be reduced by using a serial network. In a parallel network, the transmission line is typically connected to each antenna from an RF power transmitter. In a series network, each antenna removes a certain amount of power from the transmission lines connected in series. Another advantage of a series RF power transmission network is that the network is easily scalable. As an example, additional antennas can be added to the network by adding additional power tapping components in series, or by adding additional power tapping components at the edge of the network, thereby The length of increases.

[0010] A method and apparatus for high efficiency commutation for various loads, suitable for receiving RF power distributed by the present invention, is incorporated herein by reference. No. 60 / 729,792 is described in detail.

The present invention relates to an RF power transmission network. The network comprises a first RF power transmitter for generating power. The network includes at least one power electrically connected in series with the first RF power transmitter for dividing the power received from the first power transmitter into at least a first portion and a second portion. With a tapping component. The network comprises at least one antenna electrically connected to the at least one power tapping component for receiving a first portion and transmitting power.

[0012] The present invention relates to a system for power transmission. The system comprises a first RF power transmitter for generating power. The system includes at least one electrically connected in series with the first RF power transmitter for dividing the power received from the first RF power transmitter into at least a first portion and a second portion. A power tapping component is provided. The system comprises at least one antenna electrically connected to the at least one power tapping component for receiving a first portion and transmitting power. The system comprises a device that will be powered. The system includes a receive antenna that is electrically connected to the device and configured to receive the transmitted power.

[0013] The present invention relates to a method for RF power transmission. The method includes generating power using a first RF power transmitter. Using at least one power tapping component electrically connected in series with the first RF power transmitter, the power received from the first power transmitter is at least in the first portion and the second portion. Including a step of dividing. Receiving a first portion by at least one antenna electrically connected to the at least one power tapping component. Using the at least one antenna to transmit power.

The present invention relates to an apparatus for wireless power transmission to a receiver having a wireless power harvester that generates direct current. The apparatus comprises a combiner having a first input having a first power. The apparatus comprises a second input having a second power. The apparatus comprises an output having an output power that is greater than each of the first power and the second power and is a combination of the first power and the second power. The apparatus includes an antenna that is electrically connected to the output, through which the output power is transmitted to the receiver.

The present invention relates to an apparatus for wireless power transmission to a receiver having a wireless power harvester that generates direct current. The apparatus comprises a field adjustable coupler for increasing or decreasing power to a desired level, having a main line and a secondary line at a distance d from the main line. The device comprises an adjustable mechanism that changes the distance d. The device includes an antenna through which the power is transmitted to the receiver.

[0016] FIG. 1 illustrates a simple serial network according to the present invention. [0017] FIG. 1 illustrates a multiple input serial network according to the present invention. [0018] FIG. 3 is a diagram showing a coupler that can be used in the present invention. [0019] FIG. 3 shows a three-transmitter network according to the present invention. [0020] FIG. 2 is a diagram illustrating a power distributor for use in the present invention. [0021] FIG. 2 illustrates an adjustable directional coupler that can be used in the present invention. [0022] FIG. 1 illustrates a multi-path network according to the present invention. [0022] FIG. 1 illustrates a multi-path network according to the present invention. [0023] FIG. 1 illustrates a switching network according to the present invention. [0024] FIG. 2 shows a second switching network according to the invention. [0025] FIG. 4 is a diagram showing desktop installation according to the present invention.

[0026] A complete understanding of the present invention can be obtained from the following description, taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, in which like reference characters identify like parts throughout.

[0027] In the following description, “upper”, “lower”, “right”, “left”, “vertical”, “horizontal”, “upper”, “lower”, and their derivatives are referred to in the drawings. It shall relate to the oriented invention. However, it should be understood that the present invention can assume various alternative variations and step sequences, unless expressly specified otherwise. It is also to be understood that the specific devices and processes illustrated in the accompanying drawings and described in the following specification are merely exemplary embodiments of the invention. Accordingly, specific dimensions and other physical characteristics related to the embodiments disclosed herein are not to be considered limiting.

[0028] The present invention relates to an RF power transmission network 10 as shown in FIG. The network 10 includes a first RF power transmitter 12a for generating power. The network 10 is at least electrically connected in series with the first RF power transmitter 12a for separating the power received from the first power transmitter 12a into at least a first portion and a second portion. One power tapping component 14a is provided. The network comprises at least one antenna 20a electrically connected to the at least one power tapping component 14a for receiving the first part and transmitting power.

[0029] The at least one power tapping component 14a may be a directional coupler 36 as shown in FIG. The network 10 can include a second RF power transmitter 12b that is electrically connected in series with at least one power tapping component 14a, as shown in FIG. The network 10 is electrically connected to one or more of the first RF power transmitter 12a, the at least one power tapping component 14a, the at least one antenna 20a, and the second RF power transmitter 12b. At least one controller 74a connected may be included. The at least one power tapping component 14a may be a bi-directional coupler 36. Alternatively, the at least one power tapping component can be a power divider 52 as shown in FIG.

[0030] The network 10 may include at least one additional RF power transmitter 12b electrically connected in series with the at least one power tapping component 14a, as shown in FIG. The network 10 includes one or more of a first RF power transmitter 12a, the at least one power tapping component 14a, the at least one antenna 20a, and the at least one additional RF power transmitter 12b. It may include at least one controller 74a that is electrically connected. The network 10 can include a termination load 16. The network 10 can include at least one transmission line 18. In one embodiment, the power transmitted from the first RF power transmitter 12a does not include data.

[0031] The network 10 includes at least one electrically connected to one or more of a first RF power transmitter 12a, the at least one power tapping component 14a, and the at least one antenna 20a. A controller 74a can be included. At least one controller 74a of the at least one controller can be electrically connected to at least another controller 74b of the at least one controller. The network 10 may be configured to transmit power in pulses via the at least one antenna 20a.

[0032] At least one of the at least one power tapping component 14 may be a switch 82a, as shown in FIG. The switch 82a can be controlled via a control line. The switch 82a can be controlled by sensing power. The sensed power can be a pulse of power. The pulse of power can vary in duration. The timing of power pulses can vary. The switch 82a can be controlled via a communication signal. The communication signal can be transmitted via a coaxial cable.

[0033] The antenna 20a may be a transmission line 18 as shown in FIG. At least a portion of the power received from the first RF power transmitter 12a can be used as operating power by the at least one power tapping component 14a. The network 10 can include a second power tapping component 14b electrically connected in series to the at least one power tapping component 14a, wherein the at least one power tapping component 14a includes a first Located between the RF power transmitter 12a and the second power tapping component 14b. The second power tapping component 14b receives a second portion from the at least one power tapping component 14a and divides it into at least a third portion and a fourth portion.

[0034] The first RF transmitter 12a may include only a first connector that electrically connects the first RF power transmitter 12a to the at least one power tapping component 14a. The at least one power tapping component 14a includes a second connector that electrically connects the at least one power tapping component to a second power tapping component 14b.

[0035] The present invention relates to a system 100 for power transmission, as shown in FIG. The system includes a first RF power transmitter 12a for generating power. The system includes at least an electrical connection in series with a first RF power transmitter 12a for dividing the power received from the first power transmitter 12a into at least a first portion and a second portion. One power tapping component 14a is provided. The system includes at least one antenna 20a electrically connected to the at least one power tapping component 14a for receiving a first portion and transmitting power. The system comprises a device 94 that is to be powered. The system includes a receive antenna 92 electrically connected to the device 94 and configured to receive transmitted power.

[0036] The network 10 is electrically connected to one or more of the RF power transmitter, the at least one power tapping component 14a, and the at least one antenna 20a, as shown in FIG. At least one controller 74a. At least one of the at least one power tapping component may be a switch 82a, as shown in FIG. The system 100 can be configured to transmit power in pulses via the at least one antenna 20a. At least a portion of the power received from the first RF power transmitter 12a can be used as operating power by the at least one power tapping component 14a. In one embodiment, the power transmitted from the first RF power transmitter 12a does not include data.

[0037] As shown in FIG. 11, the network 10 may include a second power tapping component 14b electrically connected in series to the at least one power tapping component 14a, the at least one One power tapping component 14a is disposed between the first RF power transmitter 12a and the second power tapping component 14b. The second power tapping component 14b receives a second portion from the at least one power tapping component 14a and divides it into at least a third portion and a fourth portion. The second antenna 20b is electrically connected to the second power tapping component 14b to receive the third portion and to transmit power.

[0038] As shown in FIG. 3, it includes an apparatus for wireless power transmission to a receiver having a wireless power harvester that generates direct current. The apparatus comprises a combiner 38 having a first input 40a having a first power. The apparatus comprises a second input 40b having a second power. The apparatus comprises an output having an output power that is greater than each of the first power and the second power and is a combination of the first power and the second power. The apparatus includes an antenna 20a electrically connected to the output, and the output power is transmitted to the receiver via the antenna 20a.

[0039] As shown in FIG. 6, it includes an apparatus for wireless power transmission to a receiver having a wireless power harvester that generates direct current. The apparatus includes a field adjustable coupler 60 having a main line 62 and a secondary line 64 at a distance d from the main line 62 for increasing or decreasing power to a desired level. The device comprises an adjustable mechanism that changes the distance d. The apparatus includes an antenna 20a through which the power is transmitted to the receiver.

[0040] The present invention relates to a method for RF power transmission. The method includes generating power using a first RF power transmitter 12a, as shown in FIG. Using at least one power tapping component 14a electrically connected in series to the first RF power transmitter 12a, the power received from the first power transmitter 12a is at least a first portion and a second A step of dividing the portion. Receiving a first portion by at least one antenna 20a electrically connected to the at least one power tapping component 14a. Using the at least one antenna 20a to transmit power.

[0041] The method includes receiving power wirelessly transmitted from the at least one antenna 20a with a receive antenna 92 electrically connected to the device 94 and configured to receive the transmitted power; Converting power received by receive antenna 92 using a power harvester disposed in device 94 electrically connected to 94. The method can include adding a second power tapping component 14b electrically connected in series to the at least one power tapping component, the at least one power tapping component 14a comprising: Located between the first RF power transmitter 12a and the second power tapping component 14b. The second power tapping component 14b receives a second portion from the at least one power tapping component 14a and divides it into at least a third portion and a fourth portion. Receiving the third portion at the second antenna 20b electrically connected to the second power tapping component 14b may be included. Transmitting power from the second antenna 20b may be included.

Single input series network
[0042] Referring generally to FIG. 1, a single input ("simple") series power distribution / transmission network 10 includes a single RF power transmitter 12a and at least one power tapping component (PTC) in accordance with the present invention. 14a is included. Single input series network 10 terminates at load 16. The PTCs 14a to 14c are connected in series.

[0043] Power moves in the D direction from the RF power transmitter 12a. Therefore, there is a single power direction within the single input series network 10. As shown in FIG. 1, power moves from left to right.

[0044] Connection 18 in network 10 (generally referred to herein as a transmission line) is made through a coaxial cable, transmission line, waveguide, or other suitable means. The load 16 may include an antenna, termination device, coupler, directional coupler, bidirectional coupler, splitter, coupler, power divider, circulator, attenuator, or any other component that acts as a load. However, it is not limited to these. The transmission line 18 or the final PTC 14c shall be terminated using a load 16 to eliminate reflections. Note that circulators, as well as splitters and couplers, can also re-supply reflected power into the series connection.

[0045] The PTC 14a removes power from the transmission line 18 (or other connection) and supplies the removed power to other components such as the load 16, the antenna 20a, or other transmission line 18. Preferably, PTC 14a passes the next component in series, such as load 16, antenna 20a, other PTC 14b, or other transmission line 18, if there is remaining power.

[0046] Preferably, the PTC 14a has three or more inputs / outputs (connectors) that receive power, output (accepted), and / or output (passed). Have For example, the PTC 14a has an input end, a first output end for received power, and a second output end for passed power. The PTC 14a receives power at the input end. The PTC 14a divides the power into a first part and a second part. The first part is “accepted” and sent to the first output, for example, to the antenna 20a (described below). The second part is “passed” and sent to the next component in series, eg, another PTC 14b.

[0047] As shown in FIG. 1, the PTC 14a can be a directional coupler. Directional couplers can be implemented using splitters or couplers.

[0048] One output of each PTC 14a-c is preferably connected to an antenna 20a-c, respectively. Each antenna 20a-c radiates power within the coverage area (or volume). The coverage area is defined by the minimum electric field and / or magnetic field strength. As an example, a coverage area can be defined as an area (or space) where the radiated field strength is greater than 2 volts per meter (2 V / m). The coverage area from a given antenna 20a may or may not overlap with other coverage areas from other antennas 20b, 20c. The other outputs of each PTC 14 a-c can be connected to a load 16 and other transmission lines 18.

[0049] When the PTCs 14a-c are implemented as directional couplers, the directional couplers can be designed to tap (or remove) a percentage (dB) from the transmission line 18. For example, a -20 dB coupler and a 1000 watt (W) input will result in 10 W output to the terminating load 16. The directional couplers in network 10 all have the same coupling (eg, −20 dB), or in some cases standard coupling (eg, −3, −6, −10 dB) or non-standard coupling (eg, −20 dB). 3.4, -8, -9.8 dB) can be used.

[0050] A circulator 22a or isolator may be connected in series between the RF power transmitter 12 and the first PTC 14a to protect against reflected power that would damage the RF power transmitter 12a. .

[0051] FIG. 1 shows a single input with an RF power transmitter 12a, a circulator 22a, three PTCs 14a-c (implemented as directional couplers) connected to antennas 20a-c, respectively, and a termination load 16. A serial network 10 is shown.

In use, the RF power transmitter 12 a supplies power to each PTC 14 a-c along the transmission line 18 in the network 10. Each PTC 14 a-c taps electric power from the line and sends the electric power to the respective connected antennas 20 a-c and the load 16. The antennas 20 a to 20 c and the load 16 radiate the electric power to the coverage areas corresponding to the antennas 20 a to 20 c and the load 16. When in the coverage area, the device that is to be powered receives the radiated power. The received power is used to charge or recharge the device, or to provide power directly to the device.

2-input series network
Referring generally to FIG. 2, a two-input series power distribution / transmission network 10 according to the present invention includes a first RF power transmitter 12 a at the first end 32 of the network 30 and a second of the network 10. The end 34 of the second includes a second RF power transmitter 12b. One or more PTCs 14 are arranged in series between the first RF power transmitter 12a and the second RF power transmitter 12b.

[0054] Preferably, each PTC 14 is also connected to a respective antenna 20a-c. Each antenna 20a-c radiates power within the coverage area. The coverage area from a given antenna 20a may or may not overlap with other coverage areas from other antennas 20b, 20c.

[0055] The PTCs 14a-c may be bidirectional couplers that couple bidirectional waves. This allows a dual power direction with a first power direction A arising from the first RF power transmitter 12a and a second power direction B arising from the second RF power transmitter 12b.

[0056] The first circulator 22a is coupled to the first RF power transmitter 12a and the PTC 14a adjacent to the series line to protect against reflected power that would damage the first RF power transmitter 12a. Between and next to the first RF power transmitter 12a. Similarly, the second circulator 22b can be placed between the second RF power transmitter 12b and the corresponding PTC 14b next to the series line.

[0057] The first RF power transmitter 12a and the second RF power transmitter 12b may have the same frequency. However, due to component tolerances, the frequency will actually be slightly different and will move slowly in and out of phase with some finite value on average. In this regard, both are entitled “Power Transmission Network” and are incorporated herein by reference, US patent application Ser. No. 11 / 699,148 and US Provisional Patent Application No. 60 / 763,582. Are described in detail. The first RF power transmitter 12a and the second RF power transmitter 12b can also be designed to be at different frequencies or on different channels.

[0058] The advantage of the network 10 with two (or multiple, as will be described below) RF power transmitters 12a, 12b is that the network 10 (as if using a single input serial network 10). Rather than concentrating the loss at one end, the loss is distributed along the transmission line 18. Another advantage is that each RF power transmitter 12a, 12b requires less power. For example, a single transmitter 12a can input 1000 W, or two transmitters 12a and 12b can input 500 W each. Two 500 W inputs result in a cheaper network 10 in terms of power and component costs. The RF power transmitters 12a, 12b can have different power levels if found to be advantageous.

[0059] FIG. 2 shows a first RF power transmitter 12a, a first circulator 22a, three PTCs 14a-c (implemented as bidirectional couplers) each connected to an antenna 20a, a second circulator 22b, And a two-input serial network 10 having a second RF power transmitter 12b.

[0060] In use, the RF power transmitters 12a and 12b provide power to each PTC 14a-c along the transmission line 18 within the network 10. Each PTC 14a-c taps power from the line and sends the power to each connected antenna 20a-c. The antennas 20a to 20c radiate the electric power to the coverage areas corresponding to the antennas 20a to 20c. When in the coverage area, the device that is to be powered receives the radiated power. The received power is used to charge or recharge the device, or to provide power directly to the device.

[0061] Referring to FIG. 3, a given bidirectional coupler 36 may require a coupler 38 to combine the power from each power direction A, B. A first input 40 a having a first initial power enters the bidirectional coupler 36 from the first power direction A. A second input 40b having a second initial power enters the bidirectional coupler 36 from the second power direction B. A first input tap (e.g., -20 dB) and a second input tap (e.g., -20 dB) are combined in a combiner 38 to couple the combined power 42 to an antenna 22a or other transmission line 18 (or , The combination of the two).

[0062] The first input leaving the bi-directional coupler 36 may become an input to another bi-directional coupler 36, and only the amount of tapped power and the loss of the coupler 36 itself ( (Insertion loss) is reduced. The same applies to the second input off the bidirectional coupler 36. In other words, if the first input 40a leaves the bidirectional coupler 36, the amount of power at this point will subtract the tapped amount from the initial power and the power lost in the coupler 36 (insertion loss). Equal to the amount withdrawn.

[0063] Alternatively, the bi-directional coupler 36 may be designed so that it does not sense the direction of power, and thus the coupler 38 is unnecessary. Accordingly, the PTC 14a (in this case, a bidirectional coupler) may be simply named as a coupler.

Multiple input series network
[0064] Referring to FIG. 4 as a whole, a multiple-input serial power distribution / transmission network 10 according to the present invention includes a first RF power transmitter 12a and a second RF power transmitter 12b, for example, It includes at least a third RF power transmitter 12c connected through power distributor 52 in a star or cluster pattern. One or more PTCs 14 a-c may be placed in series between the first, second, and / or third RF power transmitters 12 a-c and the power distributor 52.

[0065] Preferably, each PTC 14a-c is also connected to an antenna 20a-c, respectively. Each antenna 20a-c radiates power within the coverage area. The coverage area from a given antenna 20a may or may not overlap with other coverage areas from other antennas 20b, 20c.

[0066] The PTCs 14a-c may be bidirectional couplers that couple waves in two directions. The power distributor 52 combines waves (or routes power) in multiple directions. Thereby, the first power direction A generated from the first RF power transmitter 12a, the second power direction B generated from the second RF power transmitter 12b, and the first power direction A generated from the third RF power transmitter 12c. Multiple power directions with 3 power directions C are possible. The power distributor 52 can be a combiner or a splitter. Compared to the two-input series network 10 (shown in FIG. 2), in the multiple-input series network 10, the network 10 includes a first input 40a and a second RF power transmitter 12b from the first RF power transmitter 12a. As well as at least a third input 40c from the third RF power transmitter 12c.

[0067] Referring to FIG. 5, the number of ports on the power divider 52 can be increased by using 1 to N splitters, with N + 1 ports on the power divider 52. Given. Each output on one splitter 54a is connected to one of the outputs of the other splitter 54b. For example, as shown in FIG. 5, the three-port power divider 52 includes three one-to-two splitters 54a-c. Power from direction A enters from the first port 56a, is split by splitter 54a, and is sent towards splitters 54b and 54c. Power from direction B enters from the second port 56b, is divided by the splitter 54b, and is sent towards the splitters 54a and 54c. Power from direction C enters from third port 56c, is split by splitter 54c, and is sent toward splitters 54a and 54b.

[0068] The multiple-input serial network 10 shown in FIG. 4 may include additional RF power transmitters and / or additional power distributors connected in various configurations. In other words, the network 10 is expandable so that two or more power distributors 52 connect a plurality of RF power transmitters 12a-c. Therefore, the network 10 can include multiple star or cluster patterns.

[0069] FIG. 4 shows a multiple-input serial network 10 having a first RF power transmitter 12a, a second RF power transmitter 12b, a third RF power transmitter 12c, and a power distributor 52. The first PTC 14 a (implemented as a bidirectional coupler) is connected between the first RF power transmitter 12 a and the power distributor 52. The second PTC 14 b is connected between the second RF power transmitter 12 b and the power distributor 52. The third PTC 14 c is connected between the third RF power transmitter 12 c and the power distributor 52. Each PTC 14a-c is also connected to an antenna 20a.

In use, the RF power transmitters 12 a-c supply power to each PTC 14 along the transmission line 18 in the network 10. Each PTC 14a-c taps the power from the line and sends this power to the connected antenna 20ac. The antennas 20a to 20c radiate power to the coverage areas corresponding to the antennas a to c. If within the coverage area, the device to be powered receives the radiated power. The received power is used to charge or recharge the device or to provide power directly to the device.

Adjustable PTC
[0071] In general, the amount of power leaving the PTC 14a is equal to the amount of power entering the PTC 14a minus the amount of power tapped by the PTC 14a. Therefore, the initial amount of power from the RF power transmitter 12a is reduced every time it passes through the PTCs 14a-c.

[0072] For example, the network includes two PTCs implemented as -20 dB couplers. When the input to the first coupler is 100 W, the tapped amount is 1 W (ie, 100 W / 100 = 1 W), and the outgoing power amount is 99 W (ie, 100 W−1W = 99 W). When 99W reaches the second −20 dB coupler, the tapped amount is 0.99 W (99 W / 100 = 0.99 W), and the amount leaving the second coupler is 98.01 W.

[0073] Referring to FIG. 6 as a whole, a field adjustable PTC 60 can be utilized with the present invention to bring all outputs equal or at a desired level. The field adjustable PTC 60 can increase or decrease the power to a desired level by changing the coupling factor.

[0074] For example, the PTC 60 is a bidirectional coupler. In order to make the bi-directional coupler adjustable, an adjustment mechanism such as, but not limited to, a screw or electrical controller to change the distance or electrical characteristics is introduced. The coupling coefficient depends on the distance d between the main line 62 and the secondary line 64 of the bidirectional coupler or the electrical characteristics of the coupler. Note that changing the length of the coupler will also change the characteristics.

[0075] By including a field adjustable PTC 60 in the network 10, the power coupled to each antenna throughout the network 10 can be maintained at a substantially constant level.

[0076] Referring to FIGS. 7 and 8, there can be multiple paths in the network. For example, referring to FIG. 7, the network 10 includes an RF power transmitter 12a connected in series with a first PTC 14a (implemented as a directional coupler) and a power splitter 54 (1 to 2). The first output of the power splitter 54 is connected to the second PTC 14b and terminates at the first terminating antenna (load) 16b. The second output of the power splitter 54 is connected to a third PTC 14c in series with the fourth PTC 14d and terminates at a second terminating antenna (load) 16d. The first, second, third, and fourth PTCs 14a-d are connected to antennas (first antenna 20a, second antenna 20b, third antenna 20c, and fourth antenna 20d, respectively). The power is coupled to each antenna 20a-d to radiate power within the various coverage areas. When in the coverage area, the device that is to be powered receives the radiated power. The received power is used to charge or recharge the device, or to provide power directly to the device.

[0077] In another example, referring to FIG. 8, the network 10 includes an RF power transmitter 12a connected in series with a circulator 22 connected to a first PTC 14a (implemented as a directional coupler). The first PTC 14a is connected in series to the second PTC 14b and the third PTC 14c, and terminates at the first termination antenna (load) 16c. The first PTC 14a is also connected in series with the fourth PTC 14d and the fifth PTC 14e, and terminates with a second terminal antenna (load) 16e. The fourth PTC 14d is also connected to the sixth PTC 14f and terminates with a third termination load 16f. The second, third, fifth, and sixth PTCs 14b, 14c, 14e, and 14f are connected to antennas (second antenna 20b, third antenna, respectively) to radiate power within the various coverage areas. An antenna 20c, a fifth antenna 20e, and a sixth antenna 20f). Note that a given PTC may not have an associated antenna to radiate power. When in the coverage area, the device that is to be powered receives the radiated power. The received power is used to charge or recharge the device, or to provide power directly to the device.

Other embodiments
[0078] Referring generally to FIG. 9, the present invention according to any embodiment may be implemented as a switching network 10 (a network including at least one switch 82). In the switching network 10, at least one of the PTC 14a or the PTC is the switch 82a or includes the switch 82a. The components are connected in series.

[0079] The switch 82a can be, but is not limited to, electromechanical or solid state, such as a relay or PIN diode, respectively. The switch 82a can have any configuration suitable for the network 10 such as SPST, DPDT, SP3T, but is not limited thereto.

[0080] Preferably, the switch 82a is also connected to the antenna 20a. The antenna 20a radiates power in the coverage area. The coverage area from a given antenna 20a may or may not overlap with other coverage areas from other antennas 20b, 20c.

[0081] Preferably, the switch 82a also either accepts or passes power. If power is accepted, power is supplied to certain components of network 10 such as antenna 20a. If power is passed, power is supplied to the next component connected in series. Note that for a PTC 14 without a direct antenna connection, the switch 82a can pass power sequentially or simultaneously to one or more components.

[0082] Since each switch 82a, 82b either accepts or passes power, the network 10 can be designed to pulse power. In other words, any antenna 20a, 20b connected to the switches 82a, 82b can be turned on and off as desired. For example, one antenna 20a of the network can be turned on at a time. Both pulsing networks are named “Pulsing Transmission Network” and are described in US Provisional Patent Application Nos. 11 / 356,892 and 60 / 758,018, which are incorporated herein by reference. Has been.

[0083] The switch 82a can be controlled by any suitable means. The switch 82a can be controlled by the RF power transmitter 12a using the control line 18. The control line can transmit communication information and / or supply power to the switch 82a. The switch 82a may have a timer or a clock (eg, “smart switch”). The communication signal can be transmitted via the coaxial cable 18 at the same frequency or at a different frequency in order to convey the switching timing to the switch 82a. The DC power can be transmitted over a transmission line to provide power to the PTC 14a, in this case the switch 82a or any other component in the network. Further, the PTC or power distribution component can derive power from the transmission line by consuming a portion of the RF power, preferably by rectifying the RF power to DC power.

[0084] The switch 82a can sense a pulse of power supplied from the RF power transmitter 12a to determine the timing of switching. The pulses can be designed to create node identifications that signal the switch 82a to switch. The pulses can have different frequencies (timing) or consist of varying durations (long pulses and short pulses).

[0085] The switch 82a can sense electric power. When power is detected at an input, the switch 82a can pass power for a period of time before generating a pulse of power and then pulsing again.

[0086] Preferably, the switch 82a is supplied by tapping a portion of the power from the transmission line 18 and rectifying the RF power to DC power to provide switching information to the switch 82a or switch controller 74a. Can sense a supplied pulse, a pulse forming a node identification, or power (described below). The rectified DC power notifies the switch 82a or switching controller 74a that the RF power transmitter 12a is supplying pulses, transmitting node identification, or transmitting power. .

[0087] Further, the switch 82a can sense whether DC power is available along with RF power on the transmission line 18. The DC power can be used to power the switch 82a or switch controller 74 directly, or can be used as an input to the switch controller 74. When DC power is used to power the switch 82a directly, the controller in the RF power transmitter 12a switches and switches 82a, 82b by placing and removing DC power on the transmission line 18 in pulses. Can be controlled.

[0088] To ensure that any output of switch 82a that is not active (ie, connected to an antenna or other component of the network) does not significantly affect the radiation from the active antenna. Note that it can be a circuit or can be connected to a load 16.

[0089] As shown in FIG. 9, for example, the single input series switching network 10 includes an RF power transmitter 12a, a first switch 82a, a second switch 82b, and a termination antenna 16. . The first switch 82a is connected to the first antenna 20a. The second switch 82b is connected to the second antenna 20b.

[0090] The first switch 82a can receive power from the RF power transmitter 12a and send this power to the first antenna 20a. Alternatively, the first switch 82a can pass this power to the second switch 82b. The second switch 82b can accept power and send this power to the second antenna 20b. Alternatively, the second switch 82 b can pass this power to the terminal antenna 16. In this configuration, the first antenna 20a, the second antenna 20b, or the terminating antenna 16 is radiating RF energy at any given time. The network 10 can be designed to pulse the power from each of the first antenna 20a, the second antenna 20a, and the terminal antenna 16. The network 10 can be designed such that no antenna transmits power for a given period of time. This can be done by reducing or turning off the power of the RF power transmitter 12a or by terminating the power at the load.

[0091] The network 10 may be configured to radiate RF energy from one or more antennas at any given time. As shown in FIG. 10, for example, the single input series switching network 10 includes an RF power transmitter 12a, a first PTC 14a, a second PTC 14b, and a third PTC 14c. The first switch 82a is connected to the first PTC 14a and the first antenna 20a. The second switch 82b is connected to the second PTC 14b and the second antenna 20b. The third switch 82c is connected to the third PTC 14c and the third antenna 20c. The fourth switch 82d is also connected to the third PTC 14c. The fourth switch is connected to the fourth antenna 20 d and the terminal antenna 16.

[0092] The first PTC 14a supplies power to the first switch 82a and the second PTC 14b. The first switch 82a can receive power and supply the power to the first antenna 20a. Alternatively, the first switch 82a may pass its power to a terminating load (not shown) or open circuit.

The second PTC 14b supplies power to the second switch 82b and the third PTC 14c. The second switch 82b can receive power and supply the power to the second antenna 20b. Alternatively, the second switch 82b can pass its power to a terminating load (not shown) or open circuit.

[0094] The third PTC 14b supplies power to the third switch 82c and the fourth switch 82d. The third switch 82c can receive power and supply the power to the third antenna 20c. Alternatively, the third switch 82c may pass its power to a terminating load (not shown) or open circuit. The fourth switch 82d can accept power and supply the power to the fourth antenna 20d or pass the power to the terminating antenna 16.

[0095] With this configuration, multiple antennas 20a-d can be active at any given time. In the given example of network 10, it is assumed that the PTC and switch configuration is determined by the desired coverage area that will be derived from the RF energy radiating from the antenna.

[0096] Referring generally to FIGS. 1, 2, 4, and 7-11, the present invention may include a controller 74a for controlling the operation of the network, according to any embodiment. With reference to FIG. 1, the controller 74 a is connected to one or more of the components of the network 10. The controller 74a can be used to change the frequency, polarity, or radiation pattern of the antennas 20a-c. The controller 74a can be used to generate power pulses from the network 10.

Referring to FIG. 2, the plurality of controllers 74 a are used to control the components of the network 10. The controller 74a may be in communication with one or more other controllers 74a in the network 10.

Referring to FIG. 10, the controller 74 a is connected to the switching network 10. The controller 74a is used to control (or control support) switching of the switches 82a to 82d.

[0099] Referring to FIG. 11, an implementation of a series power distribution / transmission network 10 is shown. The network includes a first PTC 14 a, a second PTC 14 b, a third PTC 14 c, and an RF power transmitter 12 a connected to the terminating antenna 16. The RF power transmitter 12a and the first, second, and third PTCs 14a-c are connected in series. Each of the first, second, and third PTCs 14a-c is shown as an antenna 20a-c (shown as a dipole antenna, but with this form or any embodiment herein, any antenna or radiation) Connected to each of the devices is available). Antennas 20a-c and 16 radiate power to a receive antenna 92 (shown as a dipole antenna) of device 94 that is to be powered. Device 94 preferably includes a power harvester that converts the RF power into a form usable by device 94.

[00100] For example, a small version of the present invention, as shown in FIG. 11, helps to reduce the average power transmitted by a single antenna, thereby reducing safety concerns. This can be important for desktop applications. For example, device 94 can receive power contributions from multiple antennas 20a-c, 16. The antennas 20a-c, 16 can be positioned in a U-shape or mounted on a flexible unit so that the user can affix them to the desk area.

[00101] The tapping coupler can be used in the present invention to eliminate connector loss. This is described in detail in US Pat. No. 6,771,143, which is incorporated herein by reference.

[00102] The network according to the invention preferably uses low-loss coaxial cables, transmission lines, or waveguides 18.

[00103] When the coaxial cable 16 that is likely to leak is used in the network, the antenna may not be necessary. In this configuration, the coaxial cable 16 radiates power.

[00104] The various embodiments described above and considered to be encompassed by the present invention can be implemented separately or in combination (in whole or in part) with each other.

[00105] The present invention should not be confused with inductively coupled power transfer, which requires the device to be relatively close to the power transmission source. The RFID Handbook by the author Klaus Finkenzeller defines the inductive coupling region as the distance between the transmitter and the receiver that is less than 0.16 times the lambda, where lambda is the wavelength of the RF wave. The present invention can be implemented in the near field (sometimes referred to as guidance) region, as well as the far field region. The far field region is a distance longer than 0.16 times lambda.

[00106] In any embodiment of the invention, the transmitted RF power can be limited to include only power, ie, there is no data in the signal. If the application requires data, preferably the data is transmitted in another band and / or has another receiver.

[00107] While the above description details preferred embodiments of the invention, those skilled in the art will recognize modifications, additions, and changes thereto without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention. It will be understood that it is possible.

Claims (39)

An RF power transmission network,
A first RF power transmitter for generating power;
At least one power tapping electrically connected in series to the first RF power transmitter for dividing the power received from the first power transmitter into at least a first portion and a second portion; Components,
At least one antenna electrically connected to the at least one power tapping component for receiving the first portion and transmitting power;
A network with   The network of claim 1, wherein the at least one power tapping component is a directional coupler.   The network of claim 1, further comprising a second RF power transmitter electrically connected in series with the at least one power tapping component.   At least one electrically connected to one or more of the first RF power transmitter, the at least one power tapping component, the at least one antenna, and the second RF power transmitter. The network of claim 3, further comprising a controller.   The network of claim 3, wherein the at least one power tapping component is a bidirectional coupler.   The network of claim 3, wherein the directional coupler is a field tunable directional coupler.   The network of claim 3, wherein the at least one power tapping component is a power distributor.   The network of claim 3, further comprising at least one additional RF power transmitter electrically connected in series to the at least one power tapping component.   At least electrically connected to one or more of the first RF power transmitter, the at least one power tapping component, the at least one antenna, and the at least one additional RF power transmitter. The network of claim 8, further comprising a controller.   The network of claim 1 further comprising a termination load.   The network of claim 1 further comprising at least one transmission line.   The network of claim 1, wherein power transmitted from the first RF power transmitter does not include data.   The apparatus of claim 1, further comprising at least one controller electrically connected to one or more of the first RF power transmitter, the at least one power tapping component, and the at least one antenna. The described network.   The network of claim 13, wherein at least one of the at least one controller is electrically connected to at least one other of the at least one controller.   The network of claim 1, wherein the network is configured to transmit power in pulses via the at least one antenna.   The network of claim 1, wherein at least one of the at least one power tapping component is a switch.   The network of claim 16, wherein the switch is controlled via a control line.   The network of claim 16, wherein the switch is controlled by sensing power.   The network of claim 18, wherein the sensed power is a pulse of power.   20. The network of claim 19, wherein the duration of the power pulse varies.   20. The network of claim 19, wherein the timing of the power pulses varies.   The network of claim 16, wherein the switch is controlled by a communication signal.   The network of claim 22, wherein the communication signal is transmitted via a coaxial cable.   The network according to claim 1, wherein the antenna is a transmission line.   The network of claim 1, wherein at least a portion of the power received from the first RF power transmitter is used as operating power by the at least one power tapping component.   A second power tapping component electrically connected in series with the at least one power tapping component; and between the first RF power transmitter and the second power tapping component; The at least one power tapping component is disposed, and the second power tapping component receives the second portion from the at least one power tapping component, which is received by at least a third portion and a fourth portion. The network of claim 1, wherein the network is divided into parts.   The first RF transmitter includes only a first connector that electrically connects the first RF power transmitter to the at least one power tapping component, the at least one power tapping component comprising: 27. The network of claim 26, comprising a second connector that electrically connects the at least one power tapping component to the second power tapping component. A system for power transmission,
A first RF power transmitter for generating power;
At least one power tapping electrically connected in series to the first RF power transmitter for dividing the power received from the first power transmitter into at least a first portion and a second portion; Components,
At least one antenna electrically connected to the at least one power tapping component for receiving the first portion and transmitting power;
A device to be powered,
A receive antenna electrically connected to the device and configured to receive the transmitted power;
A system comprising:   30. The system of claim 28, further comprising at least one controller electrically connected to one or more of the RF power transmitter, the at least one power tapping component, and the at least one antenna. .   30. The network of claim 28, wherein at least one of the at least one power tapping component is a switch.   30. The network of claim 28, wherein the system is configured to transmit power in pulses via the at least one antenna.   30. The network of claim 28, wherein at least a portion of the power received from the first RF power transmitter is used as operating power by the at least one power tapping component.   30. The network of claim 28, wherein power transmitted from the first RF power transmitter does not include data. A second power tapping component electrically connected in series with the at least one power tapping component between the first RF power transmitter and the second power tapping component; The at least one power tapping component is disposed, and the second power tapping component receives a second portion from the at least one power tapping component, which is at least a third portion and a fourth portion. A second power tapping component that divides into
A second antenna electrically connected to the second power tapping component for receiving the third portion and transmitting power;
30. The network of claim 28, comprising: A method for RF power transmission comprising:
Generating power using a first RF power transmitter;
Using at least one power tapping component electrically connected in series with the first RF power transmitter, the power received from the first power transmitter is at least a first portion and a second Dividing into the parts of
Receiving the first portion by at least one antenna electrically connected to the at least one power tapping component;
Transmitting power using the at least one antenna;
Including methods. Receiving power transmitted wirelessly from the at least one antenna with a receiving antenna electrically connected to the device and configured to receive the transmitted power;
Converting the power received by the receive antenna using a power harvester electrically connected to the device;
36. The method of claim 35, comprising: Adding a second power tapping component electrically connected in series to the at least one power tapping component, the first RF power transmitter and the second power tapping component; Between which the at least one power tapping component is disposed and the second power tapping component receives the second part from the at least one power tapping component and passes it on to at least a third part. And dividing into a fourth part;
Receiving the third portion with a second antenna electrically connected to the second power tapping component;
Transmitting power from the second antenna;
38. The method of claim 36, comprising: An apparatus for wireless power transmission to a receiver having a wireless power harvester that generates direct current, comprising:
A first input having a first power;
A second input having a second power;
A coupler having an output greater than each of the first power and the second power and having an output power that is a combination of the first power and the second power;
An antenna electrically connected to the output through which the output power is transmitted to the receiver;
A device comprising: An apparatus for wireless power transmission to a receiver having a wireless power harvester that generates direct current, comprising:
A field adjustable coupler for increasing or decreasing power to a desired level having a main line and a secondary line at a distance d from the main line;
An adjustable mechanism for changing the distance d;
An antenna through which the power is transmitted to the receiver;
A device comprising:

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